Round sprinkler precise variable irrigation control system based on weather prediction

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop irrigation, in particular to a round sprinkler precise variable irrigation control system based on weather prediction, comprising: a sensor device for acquiring agricultural information in a specified farmland; the first control center is used for acquiring an input data set based on the agricultural information and inputting the input data into a pre-trained convolutional neural network to obtain an initial irrigation volume of a specified farmland; the second control center is arranged in the center of a designated farmland and used for determining the water supply amount based on the agricultural information, weather prediction information, obtained in advance, of an area to which the designated farmland belongs and the initial irrigation amount of the designated farmland and sending a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount to the pump station; the weather prediction information of the area to which the specified farmland belongs comprises the next rainfall time, rainfall probability value and rainfall prediction value of the area to which the specified farmland belongs, and the prediction value of the weather data of each day from the current time to the specified date in the future.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop irrigation, and in particular to a precise variable irrigation control system for a circular sprinkler based on weather forecasting. Background Art

[0002] Traditional irrigation methods usually rely on manual watering or automated drip irrigation and spraying equipment, which often require a lot of manpower and material resources. With the continuous development of agricultural mechanization and the improvement of people's living standards, automated, water-saving and efficient irrigation methods are becoming more and more popular. Circular sprinklers have become one of the most advanced fixed irrigation equipment at home and abroad due to their high efficiency and water-saving characteristics.

[0003] However, the current technology only considers the depth of soil water as an irrigation indicator when using circular sprinklers. Therefore, it is not possible to obtain the optimal irrigation amount in the farmland and does not take into account future weather conditions. As a result, it may rain soon after the crops are irrigated, which not only wastes water resources, but also makes the soil too moist because the crops have been watered before, and the rain will bring too much water to the crops, thus affecting the growth and health of the crops. In general, this phenomenon shows the incoordination between irrigation and rainfall. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a precise variable irrigation control system for a circular sprinkler based on weather forecasting.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention provides a precise variable irrigation control system for a circular sprinkler based on weather forecast, the system comprising:

[0007] Sensor equipment for acquiring agricultural information in designated farmland;

[0008] The agricultural information includes: soil moisture, crop coefficient Kc in farmland, soil water content, normalized difference vegetation index and meteorological data for calculating evapotranspiration;

[0009] A first control center is used to obtain an input data set based on the agricultural information, and input the input data into a pre-trained convolutional neural network to obtain an initial irrigation amount for a designated farmland;

[0010] The input data sets include: soil moisture, soil water content, and normalized difference vegetation index;

[0011] The convolutional neural network is trained using pre-acquired training data to obtain a trained convolutional neural network; the training data includes a plurality of input data sets acquired according to historical time and actual values ​​of irrigation amounts corresponding to each input data set;

[0012] A second control center is set at the center of the designated farmland, and is used to determine the water supply amount based on the agricultural information, the pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs, and the initial irrigation amount of the designated farmland, and issue a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount to the pump station;

[0013] The weather forecast information for the area to which the designated farmland belongs includes the next rainfall time, rainfall probability value, rainfall forecast value, and forecast value of meteorological data for each day from the current time to a designated date in the future.

[0014] Preferably, based on the agricultural information and pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs, the water supply amount is determined, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is issued to the pump station, specifically including:

[0015] Obtaining a current irrigation demand of the designated farmland based on the agricultural information and the initial irrigation amount of the designated farmland, and determining whether the current irrigation demand is greater than 0 to obtain a first determination result;

[0016] If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is less than or equal to 0, it is determined that water will not be supplied to the designated farmland;

[0017] If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or agricultural information, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply is issued to the pump station.

[0018] Preferably,

[0019] The current irrigation demand of the designated farmland is obtained using formula (1);

[0020] The formula (1) is:

[0021] Wd=(We+Wb) / 2;

[0022] Among them, Wd is the current irrigation demand of the designated farmland;

[0023] We is the initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland obtained by the pre-trained convolutional neural network;

[0024] Wb is the theoretical irrigation amount obtained based on the agricultural information;

[0025] Wb=E-H+(a·NDVI+b·H)·(E-H);

[0026] E is the evapotranspiration from i days before the current time to the current time;

[0027] Where, E = Kc·ET 01 +Kc·ET 02 +...+Kc·ET 0i ;

[0028] Kc is the crop coefficient;

[0029] ET 0i is the evapotranspiration of the i-th day before the current time; ET 0i is calculated based on the meteorological data of the previous i-th day;

[0030] H is the soil moisture depth; H = H percentage ×D;

[0031] H percentage is the soil moisture content;

[0032] D is the effective depth of soil in the farmland obtained in advance;

[0033] NDVI is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index;

[0034] a is the first preset weight coefficient;

[0035] b is the second preset weight coefficient.

[0036] Preferably, if the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the pre-acquired weather forecast information and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or the agricultural information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply is issued to the pump station, specifically including:

[0037] If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is less than 0, then judging whether the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time in the weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs is greater than a first preset value; if the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is greater than the first preset value, then taking the current irrigation demand of the designated farmland as the first water supply, and issuing a first water supply instruction to the pump station;

[0038] The first water supply instruction is an instruction to control the pump station to supply water according to a first water supply volume.

[0039] Preferably, if the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the pre-acquired weather forecast information and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or the agricultural information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply is issued to the pump station, specifically including:

[0040] If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, then judging whether the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is less than a second preset value, if it is less than the second preset value, then judging whether the current soil moisture is lower than a preset minimum moisture value, if the current soil moisture is lower than the preset minimum moisture value, then determining a second water supply amount, and issuing a second water supply instruction to the pump station;

[0041] Wherein, the first preset value is greater than the second preset value;

[0042] The second water supply instruction is: an instruction to control the pump station to supply water according to the second water supply volume;

[0043] The second water supply is a water supply that can make the soil moisture of the designated farmland collected by the sensor device reach a minimum humidity value;

[0044] If the current soil moisture is greater than or equal to the preset minimum moisture value, it is determined that water will not be supplied to the designated farmland.

[0045] Preferably, if the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the pre-acquired weather forecast information and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or the agricultural information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply is issued to the pump station, specifically including:

[0046] If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, and the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is greater than or equal to the second preset value and less than or equal to the first preset value, then determine whether the first value is less than the second value, if the first value is less than the second value, determine a third water supply amount, and issue a third water supply instruction to the pump station;

[0047] The third water supply instruction is: an instruction to control the pump station to supply water according to a third water supply amount;

[0048] The third water supply is a water supply that can make the soil moisture of the designated farmland collected by the sensor device reach the minimum humidity value;

[0049] If the first value is greater than or equal to the second value, determining a fourth water supply amount according to the first value and the second value, and issuing a fourth water supply instruction to the pump station;

[0050] The fourth water supply instruction is an instruction to control the pump station to supply water according to a fourth water supply amount; the fourth water supply amount is the difference between the first value and the second value;

[0051] The first value and the second value are respectively obtained according to the current irrigation demand of the designated farmland and weather forecast information.

[0052] Preferably, the first value is calculated using formula (2) based on the current irrigation demand of the designated farmland and weather forecast information;

[0053] Wherein, the formula (2) is:

[0054] First value = Wd + Q;

[0055] Q is the evapotranspiration between the next rainfall time and the current time;

[0056] Where, Q = Kc·ET 11 +Kc·ET 12 +...+Kc·ET 1t ;

[0057] t is the difference between the date corresponding to the next rainfall time and the date corresponding to the current time; ET 1t is the evaporation and transpiration corresponding to the future day t; ET 1t is calculated by the predicted value of the meteorological data for the next t days;

[0058] Wherein, the second value is calculated by using formula (3) according to weather forecast information;

[0059] The formula (3) is:

[0060] Second value = w t ×G 降 ;

[0061] w t is the rainfall probability value;

[0062] G 降 Predicted rainfall value.

[0063] Preferably, the minimum humidity value is the humidity value when crops in the farmland begin to experience water stress.

[0064] Preferably, if the time interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall is greater than 10 days, i is 5;

[0065] If the time interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall is less than or equal to 10 days, then i is the number of days corresponding to the time interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall.

[0066] Preferably, a pump station is used to control a water pump and adjust a hydraulically controlled valve according to the water supply instruction to supply water to a circular sprinkler arranged on a designated farmland;

[0067] The water pump is connected to the circular sprinkler on the designated farmland through a pipeline, and the hydraulic control valve is arranged on the pipeline;

[0068] The second control center is also connected to the cloud server.

[0069] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention is a precise variable irrigation control system for circular sprinklers based on weather forecast. Since the system uses sensors to obtain information such as soil moisture and crop coefficient in real time, the system can accurately control the amount of water according to the specific needs of the crops, thereby avoiding the common problems of over- or under-watering in traditional irrigation methods.

[0070] The invention discloses a circular sprinkler precise variable irrigation control system based on weather forecast, which uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to train historical data. The system can predict the most suitable initial irrigation amount according to the specific conditions of the farmland and the historical irrigation amount. This intelligent decision can improve irrigation efficiency.

[0071] The invention discloses a circular sprinkler precise variable irrigation control system based on weather forecast, which not only considers the current farmland conditions, but also integrates weather forecast information (such as rainfall time and probability), so as to assess the impact of rainfall on irrigation demand in advance and avoid water waste caused by rainfall. By combining agricultural information and weather data, the system dynamically adjusts the water supply to maximize the use of rainfall and soil moisture, thereby achieving water conservation goals and reducing water waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0072] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a circular sprinkler precise variable irrigation control system based on weather forecasting of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a circular sprinkler precise variable irrigation control system based on weather forecast in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the present invention is described in detail below through specific implementation modes in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0075] In order to better understand the above technical solution, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a clearer and more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0076] See also Figure 1 In this embodiment, a circular sprinkler precise variable irrigation control system based on weather forecast is provided, and the system comprises:

[0077] Sensor equipment for acquiring agricultural information in designated farmland;

[0078] The agricultural information includes: soil moisture, crop coefficient Kc in farmland, soil water content, normalized difference vegetation index and meteorological data for calculating evapotranspiration;

[0079] The sensor equipment in this embodiment includes: soil moisture sensor, soil temperature sensor, crop coefficient (Kc) calculation module, soil moisture sensor, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) sensor (which can be a ground sensor or a sensor carried by a drone), meteorological data collection sensor (weather station or meteorological sensor, including temperature sensor, humidity sensor, anemometer, rain gauge, etc.), water flow sensor;

[0080] In this embodiment, soil moisture: reflects the water content in the soil, affecting the growth and health of plants. Crop coefficient (Kc): used to measure the water demand of crops, because different crops have different water demands. Soil moisture content: the percentage of actual water in the soil, which is directly related to the water demand of crops. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): calculated through remote sensing technology, reflecting the growth status and health of crops. Meteorological data: including temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc., used to calculate evaporation and transpiration. In this embodiment, evaporation and transpiration is calculated using the Penman-Monteith Equation.

[0081] A first control center is used to obtain an input data set based on the agricultural information, and input the input data into a pre-trained convolutional neural network to obtain an initial irrigation amount for a designated farmland;

[0082] The input data sets include: soil moisture, soil water content, and normalized difference vegetation index;

[0083] The convolutional neural network is trained using pre-acquired training data to obtain a trained convolutional neural network; the training data includes a plurality of input data sets acquired according to historical time and actual values ​​of irrigation amounts corresponding to each input data set;

[0084] A second control center is set at the center of the designated farmland, and is used to determine the water supply amount based on the agricultural information, the pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs, and the initial irrigation amount of the designated farmland, and issue a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount to the pump station;

[0085] The weather forecast information for the area to which the designated farmland belongs includes the next rainfall time, rainfall probability value, rainfall forecast value, and forecast value of meteorological data for each day from the current time to a designated date in the future.

[0086] Based on the agricultural information and pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs, a water supply amount is determined, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is issued to the pump station, specifically including:

[0087] Obtaining a current irrigation demand of the designated farmland based on the agricultural information and the initial irrigation amount of the designated farmland, and determining whether the current irrigation demand is greater than 0 to obtain a first determination result;

[0088] The current irrigation demand of the designated farmland is obtained using formula (1);

[0089] The formula (1) is:

[0090] Wd=(We+Wb) / 2;

[0091] Among them, Wd is the current irrigation demand of the designated farmland;

[0092] We is the initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland obtained by the pre-trained convolutional neural network;

[0093] Wb is the theoretical irrigation amount obtained based on the agricultural information;

[0094] In this embodiment, the formula (1) combines the initial irrigation amount We calculated by the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the theoretical irrigation amount Wb based on agricultural information, making full use of the advantages of the two different methods. If the convolutional neural network predicts the initial irrigation amount based on historical data, and the theoretical calculation takes into account the current soil moisture and meteorological conditions, this fusion can make up for the possible deviation of a single method.

[0095] Wb=E-H+(a·NDVI+b·H)·(E-H);

[0096] E is the evapotranspiration from i days before the current time to the current time (unit: mm);

[0097] If the time interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall is greater than 10 days, i is 5;

[0098] If the time interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall is less than or equal to 10 days, i is the number of days corresponding to the time interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall. (In this embodiment, the value of i is dynamically adjusted according to the time interval, so that the model can respond more flexibly to different meteorological and soil conditions. This adaptability makes the calculation of irrigation demand more real-time and accurate. Under drought conditions, if the time interval is long (greater than 10 days), using a fixed i value (such as 5) can comprehensively consider past evaporation and transpiration trends and avoid calculation deviations caused by short-term fluctuations. In the case of irrigation or rainfall in the near future, i is dynamically adjusted to make it more closely integrated with the actual weather conditions, thereby improving the accuracy of the calculation).

[0099] Where, E = Kc·ET 01 +Kc·ET 02 +...+Kc·ET 0i ;

[0100] Kc is the crop coefficient (dimensionless);

[0101] ET 0i ET is the evapotranspiration of the i-th day before the current time (in mm); 0i is calculated based on the meteorological data of the previous i-th day;

[0102] H is the soil moisture depth (in mm); H = H percentage ×D;

[0103] H percentage is the soil moisture content (percentage (%) or decimal (0-1));

[0104] D is the effective depth of soil in the farmland obtained in advance (in mm);

[0105] NDVI is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (values ​​are between [-1, 1], unitless);

[0106] a is the first preset weight coefficient (dimensionless);

[0107] b is the second preset weight coefficient (dimensionless).

[0108] In this embodiment, by considering evapotranspiration, soil moisture depth and plant growth conditions (through NDVI), the required irrigation amount can be calculated more accurately, thereby reducing the waste of water resources. The theoretical irrigation amount Wb calculation formula takes into account environmental changes (such as climate, crop growth conditions), so that the irrigation amount can be adjusted in real time to avoid over-irrigation or under-irrigation. By integrating multiple factors, this formula helps to optimize irrigation scheduling, improve the utilization efficiency of water resources, and has a positive impact on the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0109] In this embodiment, the calculation formula for the theoretical irrigation amount Wb combines evaporation, soil moisture and crop growth conditions (NDVI), which can more accurately calculate the required irrigation amount and avoid unnecessary water waste. And because real-time agricultural information (such as soil moisture and NDVI) is taken into account, irrigation decisions are more flexible and water resource waste caused by excessive irrigation is avoided. By accurately controlling the soil moisture depth, the pressure on crop growth caused by excessive or insufficient moisture is prevented, and the health and yield of crops are improved. In addition, because the calculation formula for the theoretical irrigation amount Wb comprehensively considers meteorological data and changes in crop water requirements, it helps to cope with the uncertainty brought about by climate change and improve the adaptability of agriculture.

[0110] If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is less than or equal to 0, it is determined that water will not be supplied to the designated farmland; for example, when the current soil moisture is sufficient, after judging that the current irrigation demand is less than or equal to 0, the system can automatically stop irrigation to avoid unnecessary excess water.

[0111] If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or agricultural information, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply is issued to the pump station.

[0112] If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or the agricultural information, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply is issued to the pump station, specifically including:

[0113] If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, then determine whether the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time in the weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs is greater than a first preset value; if the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is greater than the first preset value, then use the current irrigation demand of the designated farmland as the first water supply amount, and issue a first water supply instruction to the pump station;

[0114] The first water supply instruction is an instruction to control the pump station to supply water according to a first water supply volume.

[0115] In this embodiment, if the rainfall time is close, delaying water supply can avoid over-irrigation and save precious water resources, which is particularly important in arid areas. When the rainfall is about to come, not irrigating can greatly reduce water waste.

[0116] If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or the agricultural information, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply is issued to the pump station, specifically including:

[0117] If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, then judging whether the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is less than a second preset value, if it is less than the second preset value, then judging whether the current soil moisture is lower than a preset minimum moisture value, if the current soil moisture is lower than the preset minimum moisture value, then determining a second water supply amount, and issuing a second water supply instruction to the pump station;

[0118] Wherein, the first preset value is greater than the second preset value;

[0119] The second water supply instruction is: an instruction to control the pump station to supply water according to the second water supply volume;

[0120] The second water supply is a water supply that can make the soil moisture of the designated farmland collected by the sensor device reach a minimum humidity value;

[0121] If the current soil moisture is greater than or equal to the preset minimum moisture value, it is determined that water will not be supplied to the designated farmland.

[0122] In this embodiment, by judging the interval between the rainfall time and the current time, the system can reasonably allocate the irrigation amount. If the rainfall time is close, the system can choose to provide less water to adapt to the upcoming rainfall and avoid over-irrigation. If the rainfall is expected to arrive in the near future, the system will take this factor into account and avoid providing excess water before the rainfall. By judging whether the soil moisture is below the minimum humidity value, the system can ensure that irrigation is only carried out when necessary, thus avoiding unnecessary waste of water. If the soil moisture has reached the preset minimum level, the system will not issue a water supply instruction, thereby conserving water resources.

[0123] If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or the agricultural information, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply is issued to the pump station, specifically including:

[0124] If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, and the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is greater than or equal to the second preset value and less than or equal to the first preset value, then determine whether the first value is less than the second value, if the first value is less than the second value, determine a third water supply amount, and issue a third water supply instruction to the pump station;

[0125] The first value is calculated using formula (2) based on the current irrigation demand of the designated farmland and weather forecast information;

[0126] Wherein, the formula (2) is:

[0127] First value = Wd + Q;

[0128] Q is the evapotranspiration between the next rainfall time and the current time;

[0129] Where, Q = Kc·ET 11 +Kc·ET 12 +...+Kc·ET 1t ;

[0130] t is the difference between the date corresponding to the next rainfall time and the date corresponding to the current time; ET 1t is the evaporation and transpiration corresponding to the future day t; ET 1t is calculated by the predicted value of the meteorological data for the next t days;

[0131] In this embodiment, formula (2) combines the actual demand of the soil (Wd) and environmental changes (evapotranspiration Q) to ensure that irrigation decisions are based on comprehensive data. By taking evapotranspiration into account, it is possible to adapt to climate changes, such as changes in temperature and humidity, and reflect the actual water demand of crops. The calculated first value helps to promptly detect and solve crop water shortage problems and prevent growth disorders caused by insufficient water. Therefore, in this embodiment, the first value is based on the current irrigation demand and weather forecast, reflecting the actual demand under current environmental conditions;

[0132] Wherein, the second value is calculated by using formula (3) according to weather forecast information;

[0133] The formula (3) is:

[0134] Second value = wt ×G 降 ;

[0135] w t is the rainfall probability value;

[0136] G 降 Predicted rainfall value.

[0137] In this embodiment, by combining the probability of rainfall with the rainfall amount, the expectation of rainfall can be quantified, thereby providing more reliable data support for irrigation decisions. The rainfall probability value in formula (3) helps to evaluate the uncertainty of rainfall, allowing agricultural managers to better cope with possible climate changes. According to the predicted rainfall amount, the irrigation time and water amount can be reasonably arranged to avoid unnecessary irrigation when it is about to rain, thereby saving water resources. By effectively predicting rainfall, farmland irrigation can be combined with natural precipitation to achieve more efficient use of water resources and reduce waste. In this embodiment, the second value takes into account the probability of rainfall and the expected rainfall. This combination can make irrigation decisions more scientific and reasonable.

[0138] The third water supply instruction is: an instruction to control the pump station to supply water according to a third water supply amount;

[0139] The third water supply is a water supply that can make the soil moisture of the designated farmland collected by the sensor device reach the minimum humidity value;

[0140] If the first value is greater than or equal to the second value, determining a fourth water supply amount according to the first value and the second value, and issuing a fourth water supply instruction to the pump station;

[0141] The fourth water supply instruction is an instruction to control the pump station to supply water according to a fourth water supply amount; the fourth water supply amount is the difference between the first value and the second value;

[0142] The first value and the second value are respectively obtained according to the current irrigation demand of the designated farmland and weather forecast information.

[0143] Among them, the lowest humidity value is the humidity value when crops in the farmland begin to show water stress.

[0144] The minimum humidity value in this embodiment can serve as an early warning signal of water stress, allowing farmers to take timely measures to prevent further damage to crops. Ensuring that soil moisture does not fall below this threshold helps maintain the growth environment of crops and reduce growth stagnation and yield reduction caused by insufficient water.

[0145] A pump station, used to control a water pump and adjust a hydraulically controlled valve according to the water supply instruction to supply water to a circular sprinkler arranged on a designated farmland;

[0146] The water pump is connected to the circular sprinkler on the designated farmland through a pipeline, and the hydraulic control valve is arranged on the pipeline;

[0147] The second control center is also connected to the cloud server.

[0148] The circular sprinkler precision variable irrigation control system based on weather forecast in this embodiment can accurately irrigate according to the specific needs of crops by real-time monitoring of soil moisture and meteorological data. This accuracy not only improves the efficiency of water use, but also ensures that crops obtain the best growth conditions and reduces water waste. When judging the current irrigation demand, the system can flexibly respond to different meteorological conditions and crop needs. If the irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply will continue to be evaluated. According to weather forecast information and soil moisture, the system can automatically decide whether to supply water and its amount. This real-time adjustment makes irrigation decisions more flexible and avoids over-irrigation or under-irrigation. In the case of imminent rainfall, the system will determine whether to delay water supply. This strategy can effectively save water resources, especially in areas where water resources are scarce, avoiding unnecessary waste. By setting a minimum humidity value, it is ensured that soil moisture remains within a safe range to prevent negative effects on crops due to lack of water.

[0149] The system dynamically adjusts the calculation method of irrigation demand based on the time interval between the last irrigation or rainfall, so that the irrigation strategy can better adapt to climate change and soil conditions. The system can flexibly adjust the water supply strategy and weight coefficient according to different crops and soil types to ensure that it adapts to different agricultural needs. Through precise water management, crops can grow in the optimal water environment, reduce the growth pressure caused by excessive or insufficient water, and thus improve the health and yield of crops. Combining sensor data and machine learning technology (such as convolutional neural networks) to achieve intelligent agricultural management, making decision-making more data-driven and scientific. This intelligence not only improves the efficiency of agricultural production, but also provides farmers with more efficient management tools.

[0150] In this embodiment, the pump station is used to control the water pump and adjust the hydraulic control valve according to the water supply instruction to supply water to the circular sprinkler set on the designated farmland. The pump station is connected to the circular sprinkler through a pipeline, and the hydraulic control valve is set on the pipeline to achieve precise regulation of the water flow.

[0151] Also, see Figure 2 In this embodiment, the pump station is also equipped with a solenoid valve and its controller. The solenoid valve and the controller are arranged on the pipe connecting the water pipe of the sprinkler and the sprinkler head, and are specifically used to receive instructions from the second control center. Specifically, the second control center can send two main types of information to the solenoid valve through the controller:

[0152] 1. Opening and closing instructions of the solenoid valve: The control center directly controls the state of the solenoid valve by sending an opening or closing instruction. The solenoid valve makes corresponding opening and closing actions according to the instruction, thereby controlling the water flow of the sprinkler.

[0153] 2. Duty Cycle: This parameter is used to define the ratio of the opening and closing time of the solenoid valve within a period of time, thereby controlling the time and intensity of spraying. By adjusting the duty cycle, the irrigation volume can be precisely adjusted.

[0154] When the solenoid valve receives these instructions, it will control its own switch state according to the instructions to achieve water flow control of the nozzle. When the solenoid valve is opened, water flows into the nozzle through the water pipe and starts spraying; when the solenoid valve is closed, the water flow is cut off and the spraying stops.

[0155] Therefore, the second control center can adjust the state of the solenoid valve through the controller to achieve dynamic response to the irrigation needs of different areas. The use of solenoid valves can improve the flexibility of the system and enable precise irrigation in specific areas. For example, in a large farmland, the soil type, crop type and growth status of different areas are different, so their water needs are also different. Using traditional irrigation methods, it is often difficult to achieve precise irrigation, which can easily cause over-irrigation or water shortage in some areas.

[0156] In this case, the pump station is equipped with multiple solenoid valves, which are connected to different irrigation areas through pipes. At the same time, these solenoid valves are connected to the cloud server, allowing the second control center to monitor and adjust their status in real time through the remote control system.

[0157] Sensors measure soil moisture at regular intervals in different areas and transmit the data to a cloud server.

[0158] For example, the soil moisture in area A is 30%, and the soil moisture in area B is 50%.

[0159] Based on the real-time monitoring data, the second control center analyzes that the soil moisture in area A is lower than the preset minimum humidity value, while the humidity in area B has reached the ideal level. The system automatically sends instructions to the solenoid valve to open the solenoid valve in area A and close the solenoid valve in area B. When the solenoid valve is opened, water will flow into area A through the pipe, and area B will no longer be supplied with water. This ensures that the crops in area A get enough water, while area B avoids unnecessary waste of water resources. If the weather forecast later shows that there will be rainfall in the next few days, the system can automatically adjust the irrigation plan based on the probability of rainfall. For example, if it is expected that rainfall will restore the soil moisture in area A to the ideal level, the system can close the solenoid valve in area A in advance.

[0160] Through remote control, farm managers can quickly adjust irrigation strategies based on real-time data without having to be on site in person. This reduces unnecessary irrigation, optimizes the use of water resources, and improves overall irrigation efficiency. It ensures that crops in each area receive the right amount of water to promote healthy growth of crops. Through the analysis of soil moisture and weather data, scientific decision-making can be achieved, and the level of intelligent agricultural production management can be improved.

[0161] In addition, the radial speed of the circular sprinkler can be adjusted in real time according to the growth needs of crops and soil moisture. Through the agricultural information collected by sensors, the system can automatically adjust the movement speed of the circular sprinkler to achieve precise spraying control. Controlling the radial speed can ensure that the spraying water flow evenly covers each unit area of ​​the designated farmland, avoid over-irrigation or water shortage, and improve the efficiency of water resource use.

[0162] For example, in modern agriculture, different crops have different growth requirements and soil moisture conditions. Therefore, when using a circular sprinkler for precision irrigation, it is crucial to adjust its radial speed. This ensures that each area receives an even supply of water, thereby improving crop growth and water resource efficiency. In a field with diverse crops, the circular sprinkler is equipped with multiple sensors to monitor soil moisture, temperature and crop growth in real time. These sensors transmit data to the central control system in real time.

[0163] Sensors are set to collect data on soil moisture and crop growth status at regular intervals in the field. For example, the soil moisture in area A is 25%, while the moisture in area B is 40%.

[0164] After receiving the data, the central control system found that the humidity in area A was below the set minimum level, indicating that more water was needed. The humidity in area B was already at the ideal state. The system adjusted the radial speed of the circular sprinkler according to the needs of area A. In area A, the movement speed of the circular sprinkler was slowed down to spray more water on the area; while in area B, the speed of the circular sprinkler was increased to reduce the spraying time of water.

[0165] When the center sprinkler is in area A, it sprays water at a slower speed to ensure that the water can fully penetrate the soil and effectively increase the moisture of the soil. In area B, the center sprinkler moves at a faster speed to ensure that there is no over-irrigation, thus avoiding water waste and potential crop root diseases.

[0166] As weather changes or future rainfall is predicted, the system monitors and adjusts radial speeds in real time. For example, if rainfall is expected in the next two days, the system will increase the speed of the center pivots accordingly to reduce irrigation frequency.

[0167] By adjusting the radial speed of the circular sprinkler, each unit area is sprayed evenly to avoid excessive or insufficient irrigation in a certain area. Precise adjustment reduces unnecessary water waste, helps save water resources, and reduces agricultural production costs. Appropriate water supply helps the healthy growth of crops, reduces water stress, and improves crop yield and quality. Through real-time data analysis and automatic adjustment, farm managers can achieve more efficient and scientific irrigation management.

[0168] In this embodiment, the system combines the remote control of the solenoid valve and the radial speed adjustment to accurately control each irrigation unit. Based on the real-time soil moisture and meteorological data, the system can automatically determine the irrigation needs of each area, accurately adjust the water flow and spraying speed, ensure uniform distribution of water, meet the growth needs of crops to the greatest extent, and reduce water waste.

[0169] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0170] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0171] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, when a first feature is “on” or “below” a second feature, it may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, when a first feature is “above”, “above” or “above” a second feature, it may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or it may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. When a first feature is “below”, “below” or “below” a second feature, it may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or it may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0172] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "embodiment", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0173] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may alter, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precise variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler based on weather forecast, characterized in that: The system comprises: Sensor equipment for acquiring agricultural information in designated farmland; The agricultural information includes: soil moisture, crop coefficient Kc in farmland, soil water content, normalized difference vegetation index and meteorological data for calculating evapotranspiration; A first control center is used to obtain an input data set based on the agricultural information, and input the input data into a pre-trained convolutional neural network to obtain an initial irrigation amount for a designated farmland; The input data sets include: soil moisture, soil water content, and normalized difference vegetation index; The convolutional neural network is trained using pre-acquired training data to obtain a trained convolutional neural network; the training data includes a plurality of input data sets acquired according to historical time and actual values ​​of irrigation amounts corresponding to each input data set; A second control center is set at the center of the designated farmland, and is used to determine the water supply amount based on the agricultural information, the pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs, and the initial irrigation amount of the designated farmland, and issue a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount to the pump station; The weather forecast information for the area to which the designated farmland belongs includes the next rainfall time, rainfall probability value, rainfall forecast value, and forecast value of meteorological data for each day from the current time to a designated date in the future.

2. The weather forecast-based precise variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the agricultural information and pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs, a water supply amount is determined, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply amount is issued to the pump station, specifically including: Obtaining a current irrigation demand of the designated farmland based on the agricultural information and the initial irrigation amount of the designated farmland, and determining whether the current irrigation demand is greater than 0 to obtain a first determination result; If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is less than or equal to 0, it is determined that water will not be supplied to the designated farmland; If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or agricultural information, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply is issued to the pump station.

3. The weather forecast-based precise variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler irrigation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The current irrigation demand of the designated farmland is obtained using formula (1); The formula (1) is: Wd=(We+Wb) / 2; Among them, Wd is the current irrigation demand of the designated farmland; We is the initial irrigation amount of the specified farmland obtained by the pre-trained convolutional neural network; Wb is the theoretical irrigation amount obtained based on the agricultural information; Wb=E-H+(a·NDVI+b·H)·(E-H); E is the evapotranspiration from i days before the current time to the current time; Where, E = Kc·ET 01 +Kc·ET 02 +...+Kc·ET 0i ; Kc is the crop coefficient; ET 0i is the evapotranspiration of the i-th day before the current time; ET 0i is calculated based on the meteorological data of the previous i-th day; H is the soil moisture depth; H = H percentage ×D; H percentage is the soil moisture content; D is the effective depth of soil in the farmland obtained in advance; NDVI is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; a is the first preset weight coefficient; b is the second preset weight coefficient.

4. The weather forecast-based precise variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler irrigation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or the agricultural information, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply is issued to the pump station, specifically including: If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, then determine whether the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time in the weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs is greater than a first preset value; if the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is greater than the first preset value, then use the current irrigation demand of the designated farmland as the first water supply amount, and issue a first water supply instruction to the pump station; The first water supply instruction is an instruction to control the pump station to supply water according to a first water supply volume.

5. The weather forecast-based precise variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler irrigation according to claim 4, characterized in that: If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or the agricultural information, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply is issued to the pump station, specifically including: If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, then judging whether the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is less than a second preset value, if it is less than the second preset value, then judging whether the current soil moisture is lower than a preset minimum moisture value, if the current soil moisture is lower than the preset minimum moisture value, then determining a second water supply amount, and issuing a second water supply instruction to the pump station; Wherein, the first preset value is greater than the second preset value; The second water supply instruction is: an instruction to control the pump station to supply water according to the second water supply volume; The second water supply is a water supply that can make the soil moisture of the designated farmland collected by the sensor device reach a minimum humidity value; If the current soil moisture is greater than or equal to the preset minimum moisture value, it is determined that water will not be supplied to the designated farmland.

6. The weather forecast-based precise variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler irrigation according to claim 5, characterized in that: If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, the water supply is determined based on the current irrigation demand and the pre-acquired weather forecast information of the area to which the designated farmland belongs and / or the first preset value and / or the second preset value and / or the agricultural information, and a water supply instruction corresponding to the determined water supply is issued to the pump station, specifically including: If the first judgment result is that the current irrigation demand is greater than 0, and the time interval between the next rainfall time and the current time is greater than or equal to the second preset value and less than or equal to the first preset value, then determine whether the first value is less than the second value, if the first value is less than the second value, determine a third water supply amount, and issue a third water supply instruction to the pump station; The third water supply instruction is: an instruction to control the pump station to supply water according to a third water supply amount; The third water supply is a water supply that can make the soil moisture of the designated farmland collected by the sensor device reach the minimum humidity value; If the first value is greater than or equal to the second value, determining a fourth water supply amount according to the first value and the second value, and issuing a fourth water supply instruction to the pump station; The fourth water supply instruction is an instruction to control the pump station to supply water according to a fourth water supply amount; the fourth water supply amount is the difference between the first value and the second value; The first value and the second value are respectively obtained according to the current irrigation demand of the designated farmland and weather forecast information.

7. The weather forecast-based precise variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler irrigation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first value is calculated using formula (2) based on the current irrigation demand of the designated farmland and weather forecast information; Wherein, the formula (2) is: First value = Wd + Q; Q is the evapotranspiration between the next rainfall time and the current time; Where, Q = Kc·ET 11 +Kc·ET 12 +...+Kc·ET 1t ; t is the difference between the date corresponding to the next rainfall time and the date corresponding to the current time; ET 1t is the evaporation and transpiration corresponding to the future day t; ET 1t is calculated by the predicted value of the meteorological data for the next t days; Wherein, the second value is calculated by using formula (3) according to weather forecast information; The formula (3) is: Second value = w t ×G 降 ; w t is the rainfall probability value; G 降 Predicted rainfall value.

8. The weather forecast-based precise variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler irrigation according to claim 7, characterized in that: in, The minimum humidity value is the humidity value at which crops in the field begin to experience water stress.

9. The weather forecast-based precise variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler irrigation according to claim 8, characterized in that: If the time interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall is greater than 10 days, i is 5; If the time interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall is less than or equal to 10 days, then i is the number of days corresponding to the time interval between the current time and the last irrigation or rainfall.

10. The weather forecast-based precise variable irrigation control system for circular sprinkler irrigation according to claim 9, characterized in that: A pump station, used to control a water pump and adjust a hydraulically controlled valve according to the water supply instruction to supply water to a circular sprinkler arranged on a designated farmland; The water pump is connected to the circular sprinkler on the designated farmland through a pipeline, and the hydraulic control valve is arranged on the pipeline; The second control center is also connected to the cloud server.

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