Device and method for automatically adjusting diameter of nozzle of reel type sprinkling machine to change flow

Abstract

The invention provides a device and method for automatically adjusting the diameter of a nozzle of a reel type sprinkling machine to change the flow, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural engineering. Through the structural arrangement of the four quarter-ring adjusting pieces in the nozzle assembly, the four quarter-ring adjusting pieces are matched with the nozzle body to achieve flexible adjustment of the caliber of the nozzle, so that the caliber of the nozzle can be automatically adjusted according to the growth requirements of crops, precise irrigation is achieved, the utilization rate of water resources is increased, and waste of the water resources is reduced. The spray head comprises a spray head top layer and a spray head secondary layer, and further comprises a diffuser, a nozzle assembly and a driving assembly. A nozzle secondary layer is arranged below the nozzle top layer, the nozzle top layer and the nozzle secondary layer form a nozzle body, a nozzle assembly and a driving assembly are arranged on the inner side of the nozzle body and connected together, one end of the nozzle body is communicated with a connector, and the other end of the connector is communicated with a diffuser. A sealing ring is arranged at the joint of the diffuser and the connector, and a supporting frame is arranged at one end of the diffuser.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a device and a method for automatically adjusting the diameter of a sprinkler nozzle of a reel-type sprinkler irrigation machine to change the flow rate, and specifically belongs to the technical field of agricultural engineering. Background Art

[0002] As a common irrigation equipment, sprinkler has long been used in actual agricultural production;

[0003] However, in current applications, the amount of irrigation water required for crops in different growth periods is different and changes. For example, during the seedling stage of crops, their water demand is less; during the growth period, their water demand will increase significantly; secondly, in arid and high-temperature areas, water evaporates quickly and plant transpiration is strong, and their water demand will also increase significantly compared with humid areas. Traditional sprinkler nozzles have a fixed caliber, and the current response measures require manual replacement of sprinkler nozzles, which is not intelligent and may cause waste of water resources. Therefore, it is of practical significance to obtain accurate irrigation flow based on sensor feedback data to automatically change the size of the nozzle. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for automatically adjusting the nozzle diameter of a reel-type sprinkler to change the flow rate, so as to solve the influence of different types of crops, different growth stages of the same crop, and different soil moisture and meteorological conditions. The traditional method requires replacing the nozzle to change the flow rate to adapt to the irrigation needs of different crops and different growth stages of the same crop and different soil moisture and meteorological conditions.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: the invention includes a nozzle top layer and a nozzle sublayer, and also includes a diffuser, a nozzle assembly and a driving assembly;

[0006] A nozzle sub-layer is arranged below the nozzle top layer, and the nozzle top layer and the nozzle sub-layer constitute a nozzle body, a nozzle assembly and a driving assembly are arranged inside the nozzle body, the nozzle assembly and the driving assembly are connected together, one end of the nozzle body is connected with a connecting port, the other end of the connecting port is connected with a diffuser, a sealing ring is arranged at the connection between the diffuser and the connecting port, and a supporting frame is arranged at one end of the diffuser;

[0007] The top layer and the sub-layer of the nozzle are both made of stainless steel metal material, which has the characteristics of high strength and corrosion resistance.

[0008] Furthermore, the nozzle assembly can be controlled by the driving assembly, so that the device can automatically adjust the nozzle diameter according to the growth needs of crops, so as to achieve precise irrigation, improve water resource utilization, and reduce water resource waste. The nozzle body is connected to the water pipe or other components of the sprinkler through the connecting port to ensure that the water flow can smoothly enter the interior of the nozzle body, and the connecting port has a threaded connection structure to facilitate tight connection with the pipeline. The sealing ring can prevent water leakage, and the diffuser can evenly disperse the water flow to increase the irrigation coverage area. The support frame provides a basic framework and protection for the normal operation of the entire nozzle body.

[0009] The nozzle assembly includes a quarter-circle adjustment piece and a gap; two quarter-circle adjustment pieces are arranged on the inner side of the top layer of the nozzle, two quarter-circle adjustment pieces are arranged on the inner side of the second layer of the nozzle, and the gap is arranged on the quarter-circle adjustment piece;

[0010] The quarter-circle adjusting piece is provided with two layers, the upper and lower layers, each layer is provided with two quarter-circle adjusting pieces, and four quarter-circle adjusting pieces form a complete circle, and the four quarter-circle adjusting pieces are provided at the corresponding openings of the nozzle body;

[0011] Furthermore, by providing four quarter-circular adjusting pieces, the four quarter-circular adjusting pieces cooperate with the nozzle body to realize flexible adjustment of the nozzle aperture, and the device structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0012] The driving assembly includes a telescopic rod, a housing, a telescopic motor assembly and a power supply; a quarter-circle ring adjustment piece is connected to the telescopic rod through a gap, a housing is provided on the outside of the telescopic rod, one end of the telescopic rod is connected to the telescopic motor assembly, and the other end of the telescopic motor assembly is connected to the power supply, and the telescopic motor is powered by the power supply;

[0013] Furthermore, the telescopic rod can drive the quarter-circle adjusting plate to move, and the telescopic rod is protected by the outer shell to improve the stability of the telescopic rod driving. The telescopic motor assembly uses a high-precision stepper motor or a DC servo motor as a power source, and the telescopic motor assembly is powered by a power supply. The telescopic motor assembly converts electrical energy into mechanical energy of the telescopic rod.

[0014] The method comprises the following steps:

[0015] 1) Collect and preprocess data through sensors;

[0016] 2) Formulate a real-time irrigation strategy through the controller according to the crop irrigation model preset in the storage unit and the currently collected sensor data;

[0017] 3) Optimize the nozzle aperture adjustment parameters according to the formulated irrigation strategy;

[0018] 4) Through the wireless communication submodule of the communication module, the operation data of the sprinkler irrigation system is uploaded to the remote monitoring center or cloud platform in real time.

[0019] Furthermore, the sensor includes a soil moisture sensor, a wind speed sensor and a flow sensor, and the controller includes a core processor, a storage unit, a communication interface, a communication module, a camera module and a power module.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. Through the structural setting of the four quarter-circle adjusting pieces in the nozzle assembly, the four quarter-circle adjusting pieces cooperate with the nozzle body to realize the flexible adjustment of the nozzle diameter, so that the nozzle diameter can be automatically adjusted according to the growth needs of crops, to achieve precise irrigation, improve water resource utilization, and reduce water resource waste. Precise irrigation control helps promote crop growth, improve crop yield and quality, thereby increasing agricultural production efficiency and promoting agricultural modernization.

[0022] 2. The soil moisture sensor, wind speed sensor and flow sensor are used to detect environmental data in real time, and transmit it to the data collector and the controller. The controller judges the precise water demand based on the integrated environmental data value, realizes precise irrigation, improves the utilization rate of water resources, and reduces the waste of water resources. The opening area can be flexibly adjusted according to different crop types, different growth stages of crops, and different soil moisture conditions and meteorological environments of crops, ensuring accurate irrigation effects in different situations.

[0023] 3. Through the setting of the communication module, users can use the communication equipment to remotely obtain the operating status of the sprinkler equipment and detect the sensor data in real time. They can manually adjust the irrigation strategy parameters to avoid the need to enter the field for manual adjustment, saving labor costs and increasing benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the telescopic rod of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a quarter-circular ring adjustment piece of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.

[0028] 1. Top layer of nozzle; 2. Second layer of nozzle; 3. Connection port; 4. Sealing ring; 5. Diffuser; 6. Support frame; 101. Telescopic rod; 102. Housing; 103. Telescopic motor assembly; 104. Power supply; 105. Quarter-circle ring adjustment piece; 106. Gap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the attached Figure 1-4 , clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments.

[0030] Specific implementation method 1: Figure 1-3 As shown, the device as a whole consists of a nozzle body, a connecting port 3 and a diffuser 5. A nozzle assembly and a driving assembly are arranged in the nozzle body. The nozzle body consists of a nozzle top layer 1 and a nozzle sublayer 2. The nozzle top layer 1 is located above the nozzle sublayer 2. The nozzle top layer 1 and the nozzle sublayer 2 are both made of stainless steel metal materials. The stainless steel metal material has the characteristics of high strength and corrosion resistance. The nozzle assembly is connected together with the driving assembly. The nozzle assembly can be controlled by the driving assembly, so that the device can automatically adjust the nozzle diameter according to the growth needs of crops, so as to achieve precise irrigation, improve water resource utilization, and reduce water resource waste. One end of the nozzle body is connected with a connection port 3, through which the nozzle body is connected to a water pipe or other parts of the sprinkler irrigation machine to ensure that the water flow can smoothly enter the nozzle body, and the connection port 3 has a threaded connection structure, so as to facilitate close connection with the pipeline, and the other end of the connection port 3 is connected with a diffuser 5, through which the water flow can be evenly dispersed to increase the coverage area of ​​irrigation, and a sealing ring 4 is provided at the connection between the diffuser 5 and the connection port 3, through which water leakage can be prevented, and a support frame 6 is provided at one end of the diffuser 5, and the support frame 6 provides a basic framework and protection for the normal operation of the entire nozzle body;

[0031] Two quarter-circle adjustment pieces 105 are arranged on the inner side of the top layer 1 and the second layer 2 of the nozzle, and a gap 106 is arranged on the quarter-circle adjustment piece 105. The quarter-circle adjustment piece 105 is arranged in two layers, and each layer is provided with two quarter-circle adjustment pieces 105. Four quarter-circle adjustment pieces 105 form a complete circle. The four quarter-circle adjustment pieces 105 are arranged at the opening of the nozzle body. Through the arrangement of the four quarter-circle adjustment pieces 105, the four quarter-circle adjustment pieces 105 cooperate with the nozzle body to realize the flexible adjustment of the nozzle diameter, and the device structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0032] A quarter-circle ring adjustment piece 105 is connected to the telescopic rod 101 through a gap 106, and the quarter-circle ring adjustment piece 105 can be driven to move through the telescopic rod 101. A shell 102 is arranged on the outside of the telescopic rod 101, and the telescopic rod 101 is protected by the shell 102 to improve the driving stability of the telescopic rod 101. A telescopic motor assembly 103 is connected to one end of the telescopic rod 101. The telescopic motor assembly 103 uses a high-precision stepper motor or a DC servo motor as a power source. The other end of the telescopic motor assembly 103 is connected to a power supply 104, and the telescopic motor assembly 103 is powered by the power supply 104. The telescopic motor assembly 103 converts electrical energy into mechanical energy of the telescopic rod;

[0033] The telescopic motor assembly 103 can drive the telescopic rod 101 to move, and then the telescopic rod 101 can drive the telescopic rod 101 to move synchronously, so that the four quarter-circle ring adjustment pieces 105 cooperate with the nozzle body to realize the flexible adjustment of the nozzle diameter, so that the nozzle diameter can be automatically adjusted according to the growth requirements of crops, so as to realize precise irrigation, improve water resource utilization, and reduce water resource waste;

[0034] The steps of installing the device include: firstly, connecting a specific sprinkler head to the water pipe of the reel sprinkler, and then fixing four telescopic motor assemblies 103 to the mounting seats inside the sprinkler head respectively, and the mounting seats are fixed by bolts, and the mounting direction and position are ensured to ensure that the quarter-circle ring adjustment piece 105 of the sprinkler head can be combined into a circular opening;

[0035] The telescopic rod 101 of the telescopic motor assembly 103 is tightly connected to the quarter-circle ring adjustment piece 105 through the central axis to ensure that it will not fall off during the movement. The sensor is inserted in a suitable position, the controller is installed inside the reel machine, the power supply 104 is placed at the bottom of the sprinkler and needs to have a waterproof function, and the camera is placed on the top to facilitate the full view of the crop;

[0036] Specific implementation method 2: Figure 4 As shown, the method for automatically adjusting the nozzle diameter of the reel-type sprinkler to change the flow rate includes the following steps:

[0037] 1) Collect and preprocess data through sensors;

[0038] Sensors include soil moisture sensors, wind speed sensors, and flow sensors;

[0039] The sensor collects data on the fields that need to be irrigated. The real-time meteorological data such as soil moisture, temperature and wind speed and the image data taken by the camera are amplified, filtered and converted into digital-to-analog signals by the signal conditioning circuit inside the sensor. The analog signals are converted into digital signals after processing, and then the obtained digital signals are sent to the controller.

[0040] The soil moisture sensor uses a high-precision capacitive soil moisture sensor. The sensor probe contacts the soil and measures the bottom data. Its sensitive element is a moisture-sensitive capacitor made of polymer materials. It has a strong adsorption capacity for water molecules. Since water molecules have a large electric dipole moment, the permittivity changes with the increase of water. Therefore, the capacitance value is converted into an electrical signal for transmission, and the humidity can be detected. By measuring the moisture content of crop roots at different depths, the moisture content at different soil depths can be obtained.

[0041] The wind speed sensor uses an ultrasonic wind speed sensor; it is light, has no moving parts, is durable, and can output wind direction and wind speed at the same time. It can be used in conjunction with a data collector to provide the controller with wind speed and direction data of the irrigation area in real time, thereby making real-time dynamic adjustments to the spraying direction and irrigation area of ​​the sprinkler.

[0042] The flow sensor is an electromagnetic flow meter, which is installed on the water inlet pipe of the nozzle to measure the water flow rate and transmit the flow data to the controller in real time, laying the foundation for the controller to adjust the nozzle diameter area;

[0043] 2) Formulate a real-time irrigation strategy through the controller according to the crop irrigation model preset in the storage unit and the currently collected sensor data;

[0044] The controller combines the irrigation model constructed by combining the historical data in the storage unit with the sensor data currently collected in real time to comprehensively formulate a more accurate irrigation strategy; the controller uses the PID control algorithm to dynamically adjust the formulated irrigation strategy. According to the deviation of the sensor data, it adjusts the adjustment range of the nozzle diameter in real time, thereby approaching the precise irrigation flow, reducing the deviation, and quickly adapting to the changes in the water demand of crops in different environments; the controller further verifies and organizes the received data, removes abnormal data points, and uses a data smoothing algorithm to smooth the data to improve the stability and reliability of the data, providing an accurate data basis for subsequent analysis and calculation;

[0045] The controller includes a core processor, a storage unit, a communication interface, a communication module, a camera module and a power module;

[0046] Use a high-performance industrial-grade single-chip microcomputer or programmable logic controller (PLC) as the core processor so that it can quickly process the data collected by the sensor, thereby realizing the algorithm for adjusting the opening to change the flow rate;

[0047] The storage unit is a FLASH memory, which is used to store the data collected by the sensor, the irrigation usage data generated by the controller based on the sensor data, and the equipment operation information. It also stores the relationship curve between the nozzle diameter and the flow rate to provide data support for the optimization algorithm.

[0048] The controller integrates an Ethernet interface, WiFi module and Bluetooth module; the WiFi module and Bluetooth module enable the controller to communicate wirelessly with mobile terminals (such as smart phones and tablets). Users can conveniently operate and set parameters of the sprinkler irrigation system through specially developed mobile phone applications (APP) or tablet software;

[0049] The communication module includes a wireless communication submodule, which uses a high-performance WiFi6 or 5G wireless communication chip to achieve high-speed and stable data transmission; this submodule is connected to the WiFi module or 5G module of the controller to upload the operation data of the sprinkler irrigation system (such as sensor data, equipment status information, etc.) to the remote monitoring center or cloud platform in real time, and receive control instructions and parameter setting information from the remote end;

[0050] The camera module identifies the crop type by taking pictures. If a crop is to be irrigated, the camera will identify the crop's growth period and whether the crop's leaves are yellowing or curling. The camera will upload the image information to the controller to comprehensively determine the required flow rate.

[0051] The power module is powered by a battery pack of lithium batteries connected in series. The battery pack is installed on the chassis of the sprinkler and connected to other modules through power cables to provide a stable DC power supply for the entire device.

[0052] 3) Optimize the nozzle aperture adjustment parameters according to the formulated irrigation strategy;

[0053] The controller formulates a real-time irrigation strategy based on the crop irrigation model preset in the storage unit and the currently collected sensor data. The irrigation model is a mathematical model established based on a large amount of experimental data and the experience of agricultural experts. The model comprehensively considers factors such as crop type, growth stage, soil moisture target value, wind speed correction coefficient for spraying range, and the functional relationship between nozzle flow and nozzle diameter. At the same time, the controller uses an intelligent optimization algorithm to dynamically optimize the irrigation strategy. The Pid control algorithm adjusts the adjustment amplitude and speed of the nozzle diameter in real time according to factors such as soil moisture deviation and deviation change rate, so that the sprinkler irrigation system can quickly respond to changes in soil moisture.

[0054] According to the formulated irrigation strategy and the optimized nozzle aperture adjustment parameters, the controller quickly sends a control signal to the telescopic motor assembly 103 according to the required flow value, controls the telescopic rod 101 to move, drives the quarter-circle ring adjustment piece 105 to move, thereby changing the opening size, and then changing the flow size, so as to achieve precise adjustment of the nozzle aperture;

[0055] 4) Upload the operation data of the sprinkler system to the remote monitoring center or cloud platform in real time through the wireless communication submodule of the communication module;

[0056] In actual agricultural production, in order to reduce excessive labor input, remote monitoring and management functions are equipped. Through the wifi or 5G network service of the communication module, sensor data and equipment operation status information can be transmitted to the cloud platform in real time. The cloud platform server displays the processed data clearly to the user through a visual interface; users can use network terminals such as mobile phones and tablets to remotely control the equipment through controllers, manually intervene in irrigation decisions, and improve irrigation efficiency and flexibility;

[0057] Through the wireless communication submodule of the communication module, the operation data of the sprinkler irrigation system (such as sensor data, equipment status information, irrigation strategy parameters, etc.) is uploaded to the remote monitoring center or cloud platform in real time. The server of the remote monitoring center stores, analyzes and processes the data and displays it to the user through a visual interface. The user can remotely view the operation status of the sprinkler irrigation system through a computer browser or mobile phone APP, such as real-time soil moisture, wind speed, sprinkler flow and sprinkler diameter, as well as historical data curves and report analysis;

[0058] Users can also remotely operate and set parameters of the sprinkler irrigation system through the remote monitoring interface or mobile phone APP, such as modifying irrigation strategy parameters (such as soil moisture target value, sprinkler flow range, etc.), starting or stopping sprinkler irrigation operations, adjusting the spraying angle and range of sprinklers, etc. In addition, the remote monitoring system also has a fault alarm function;

[0059] When the controller receives data abnormalities, or abnormal movement of the internal parts of the nozzle, such as the telescopic motor assembly 103, the controller will immediately send an alarm to the user to remind the user to check. At the same time, it will give the exact fault point, which is convenient for the staff to repair quickly and accurately. At the same time, the fault will also be stored in the FLASH, so that similar situations can be efficiently checked and solved in the future;

[0060] According to the volume flow formula:

[0061] Q=Sv (1)

[0062] In formula (1), Q is the volume flow rate, S is the opening area of ​​the nozzle diameter, and v is the flow rate of water;

[0063] When the water flow rate is constant, the flow rate of sprinkler irrigation can be changed by simply changing the opening area of ​​the nozzle diameter. The target flow rate is processed according to the data collected by sensors such as soil moisture, ambient temperature, wind speed, etc. to generate accurate irrigation flow values. The PID control algorithm is used for control. The target flow rate Q can be calculated by the proportional differential integral formula, as follows:

[0064]

[0065] According to the flow rate calculated by formula (2), the required opening area is calculated according to formula (1), so as to further control the displacement of the electric telescopic push rod to control the overlapping area of ​​the laminations;

[0066] The initial nozzle opening radius is R. According to the circle area formula, the initial nozzle opening area is S = ΠR 2 , if the distance the nozzle sheet moves forward is x, then the area of ​​the nozzle after the sheet moves is S = Π(Rx) 2 , the change in the nozzle opening area before and after the movement ΔS = Π(2Rx-x 2 ), the distance x moved is proportional to the circumference of the gear rotation once, that is:

[0067]

[0068] In formula (3), c is the proportional coefficient, l is the gear radius, and n is the gear;

[0069] Then the changing nozzle opening area is:

[0070]

[0071] It can be seen from this that the opening area of ​​the nozzle is related to the gear radius l and the number of gears n. The larger the number of gears n or the larger the gear radius l, the smaller the change ΔS. Therefore, using gears with more gears or increasing the gear radius can more accurately control the nozzle opening area.

[0072] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with this profession can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made to the above embodiments without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, based on the technical essence of the present invention, within the spirit and principles of the present invention, still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for automatically adjusting the nozzle diameter of a reel-type sprinkler to change the flow rate, comprising a nozzle top layer (1) and a nozzle sublayer (2), characterized in that: Also includes a diffuser (5), a nozzle assembly and a drive assembly; A nozzle sublayer (2) is arranged below the nozzle top layer (1), the nozzle top layer (1) and the nozzle sublayer (2) form a nozzle body, a nozzle assembly and a drive assembly are arranged inside the nozzle body, the nozzle assembly and the drive assembly are connected together, one end of the nozzle body is connected to a connection port (3), the other end of the connection port (3) is connected to a diffuser (5), a sealing ring (4) is arranged at the connection between the diffuser (5) and the connection port (3), and a support frame (6) is arranged at one end of the diffuser (5).

2. The device for automatically adjusting the nozzle diameter of a reel-type sprinkler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The nozzle assembly includes a quarter-circle ring adjustment piece (105) and a gap (106); Two quarter-circular adjustment plates (105) are arranged on the inner side of the top layer (1) of the nozzle, and two quarter-circular adjustment plates (105) are arranged on the inner side of the sub-layer (2) of the nozzle, and gaps (106) are arranged on the quarter-circular adjustment plates (105).

3. The device for automatically adjusting the nozzle diameter of a reel-type sprinkler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a telescopic rod (101), a housing (102), a telescopic motor assembly (103) and a power source (104); The quarter-circular ring adjustment piece (105) is connected to the telescopic rod (101) through a gap (106); a housing (102) is arranged outside the telescopic rod (101); one end of the telescopic rod (101) is connected to a telescopic motor assembly (103); the other end of the telescopic motor assembly (103) is connected to a power source (104); and the telescopic motor is powered by the power source (104).

4. The device for automatically adjusting the nozzle diameter of a reel-type sprinkler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The nozzle top layer (1) and the nozzle sublayer (2) are both made of stainless steel metal material, which has the characteristics of high strength and corrosion resistance.

5. The device for automatically adjusting the nozzle diameter of a reel-type sprinkler according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The quarter-circle adjustment pieces (105) are provided with two layers, one above the other. Each layer has two quarter-circle adjustment pieces (105). Four quarter-circle adjustment pieces (105) form a complete circle. The four quarter-circle adjustment pieces (105) are provided at the corresponding openings of the nozzle body.

6. The method for automatically adjusting the nozzle diameter of a reel-type sprinkler to change the flow rate comprises the following steps: 1) Collect and preprocess data through sensors; 2) Formulate a real-time irrigation strategy through the controller according to the crop irrigation model preset in the storage unit and the currently collected sensor data; 3) Optimize the nozzle aperture adjustment parameters according to the formulated irrigation strategy; 4) Through the wireless communication submodule of the communication module, the operation data of the sprinkler irrigation system is uploaded to the remote monitoring center or cloud platform in real time.

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