Feed for reducing content of skatole in pig manure and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed capable of reducing the content of skatole in pig manure and a preparation method of the feed. The preparation method comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing fresh moso bamboo powder, casein, brown sugar and calcium hydroxide, adding purified water to adjust the moisture of the mixture to 25-35% and the pH value to 8.0-9.0, mixing and pretreating for 1-2 hours, and sterilizing to obtain a feed raw material; adding alkaline protease and trypsin into the feed raw materials, and carrying out enzymolysis reaction at the temperature of 40-50 DEG C for 10-15 hours; lactobacillus helveticus L.helveticus 9 and Aspergillus niger 6042 are respectively subjected to amplification culture by using MRS and a Czapek liquid culture medium, after standing culture is carried out for a period of time under a constant temperature condition, inoculated fermentation is carried out on the feed raw materials after enzymolysis according to a proportion of 5-10%, the fermentation temperature is 40-50 DEG C, and the fermentation time is 150-200 hours; the feed for reducing the content of the skatole in the pig manure can remarkably improve the feed intake and growth performance of livestock and poultry and reduce the content of the skatole in the pig manure, and the preparation method is simple and suitable for popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed, and in particular relates to a feed capable of reducing the skatole content in pig feces and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of large-scale and intensive livestock and poultry farming, odor pollution caused by pig farming has become an increasingly serious environmental and social problem. The environmental pollution caused by the large amount of manure and odor substances discharged is gradually becoming the focus of people's attention. Among them, skatole has an adverse effect on livestock and poultry health, meat quality and the surrounding environment, which is attracting people's attention. Skatole (3-methylindole) in pig manure is the main substance of farm manure odor. It not only has a low olfactory threshold, strong and persistent diffusion, and is not easy to be degraded, but also as an important environmental pollutant, it will seriously affect the health of animals and humans. Therefore, reducing the emission of skatole in pig production can not only improve livestock and poultry production, the physical and mental health of farmers and the ecological environment, but also promote the development of low-carbon friendly animal husbandry.

[0003] When pig feed passes through the digestive tract, the nutrients in the feed are digested, providing the necessary nutrients and energy for animal growth and development, while those unused nutrients and endogenous secretions are excreted through urine and feces. These substances are degraded by microorganisms, including anaerobic fermentation in the intestines and microbial action after excretion. This degradation process will produce a large amount of skatole, which is greatly affected by the digestibility of feed and the function of the pig digestive tract. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one problem in the prior art and to provide a feed for reducing the skatole content in pig feces and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a method for preparing a feed for reducing the skatole content in pig feces, comprising the following steps: Fresh bamboo powder, casein, brown sugar and calcium hydroxide are stirred and mixed, purified water is added to adjust the water content of the mixture to 25-35%, the pH value to 8.0-9.0, the mixture is pretreated for 1-2 hours, and the feed raw material is obtained after sterilization; Add alkaline protease at an enzyme concentration of 50,000-60,000 U per kilogram of raw material and trypsin at an enzyme concentration of 10,000-20,000 U to the feed raw material, and perform enzymolysis reaction at a temperature of 40° C.-50° C. for 10-15 hours; Lactobacillus helveticus 9 and Asperillus niger 6042 were expanded and cultured using MRS and Chadwick liquid medium respectively, and after static culture for a period of time under constant temperature conditions, they were inoculated into the enzymatically hydrolyzed feed raw materials at a ratio of 5-10% for fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 40-50° C. and a fermentation time of 150-200 hours; After fermentation is completed, low-temperature drying is performed to produce feed that reduces the skatole content in pig feces.

[0006] Preferably, the fresh bamboo powder is obtained by first crushing 2-3 year old bamboo stems into 2-3 cm particles, drying the particles to a moisture content of 13-18%, crushing them again, and passing through a 20-30 mesh sieve.

[0007] Preferably, the casein is bovine milk casein, with a crude protein content of ≥90%.

[0008] Preferably, the feed raw materials are stirred and mixed in a ratio of 70-85% fresh bamboo powder, 10-15% casein, 5-15% brown sugar and 0.5-1.0% calcium hydroxide.

[0009] Preferably, the low-temperature drying is carried out under the conditions of a vacuum degree of 0.07-0.09 MPa, a concentration time of 2-3 hours, and a drying temperature of 40-55°C, and the moisture content of the feed after low-temperature drying is 12-15%.

[0010] Preferably, the Lactobacillus helveticus 9 and Asperillus niger 6042 are statically cultured at 36° C.-37.5° C. for 24 hours using MRS and Czapek liquid culture medium, respectively.

[0011] Preferably, the sterilization is carried out at a temperature of 110°C-120°C and the sterilization time is 10min-20min.

[0012] The present invention also provides a feed prepared according to the method for preparing a feed for reducing the skatole content in pig feces.

[0013] About the efficacy of feed ingredients: In nutrition, cellulose is considered the seventh nutrient of the animal body, which can effectively prevent and treat constipation, absorb toxins, and promote intestinal health. Bamboo is rich in fiber tissue. The use of biotechnology to prepare bamboo dietary fiber is not only palatable, but also has the biggest advantage of not containing any mycotoxins, which can effectively ensure the intestinal health of animals and the safety of animal products. In addition, as a natural bioflavonoid resource, bamboo has excellent biological effects such as anti-free radicals, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, hypolipidemic, immune regulation, and antibacterial, and has broad application prospects in animal nutrition, intestinal health, and disease prevention and treatment.

[0014] Casein is the main protein in mammalian milk. The casein peptides produced by its decomposition have the functions of protecting gastric mucosa, promoting calcium absorption, anti-inflammatory effect, enhancing immunity, alleviating gastric ulcer symptoms and digestive system inflammation, regulating the balance of intestinal flora, and promoting intestinal health.

[0015] The present invention performs enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation on the feed raw materials, and the contents of crude fiber, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber in the mixed feed are significantly reduced, wherein the crude fiber is reduced by 12.82% (P<0.05), the neutral detergent fiber is reduced by 10.75% (P<0.05), the acid detergent fiber is reduced by 13.28% (P<0.05), the lignin is reduced by 25.78% (P<0.01), the water holding capacity (g / g) is increased by 45.69% (P<0.01), and the water absorption expansion (ml / g) is increased by 33.61% (P<0.01), and the physical and chemical properties of the bamboo fiber are significantly improved; through the enzyme-bacteria integrated action, the casein hydrolysis degree in the mixed feed reaches 58.15%, Compared with conventional casein, the hydrolysis degree was increased by 251.1% (P<0.01), among which casein phosphopeptide increased by 215.4% (P<0.01), immune active peptide increased by 187.8% (P<0.01), morphine factor increased by 115.6% (P<0.01), tyrosinase increased by 85.1% (P<0.01), and lactomorphin increased by 165.9% (P<0.01). It significantly enhanced the intestinal nutrient flow, activated the immune system, especially activated the function of macrophages and T lymphocytes, increased the utilization of small intestinal protein and carbohydrates and their microbial metabolism, was beneficial to intestinal health and improved the animal digestive tract's absorption of calcium, iron, zinc, protein digestibility and amino acids.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention uses bamboo fiber and casein as main feed raw materials, selects specific types of bacterial enzymes to perform enzymolysis and fermentation treatment on the feed raw materials, and utilizes biotechnology to prepare a feed with reduced skatole content in pig feces. The feed can significantly increase the feed intake and growth performance of livestock and poultry, and reduce the skatole content in pig feces; the feed uses bamboo powder as the main raw material, can reduce feeding costs, is economical and applicable, and can make full use of a large amount of non-food resources to alleviate the problem of competition between humans and animals for food; the preparation method of the feed is simple and suitable for promotion.

[0017] The features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail through embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments.

[0019] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a feed for reducing the skatole content in pig feces, comprising the following steps: Select 2-3 year old bamboo stems, saw and crush them into 2-3 cm pellets, dry the pellets to a moisture content of 15%, crush them again, pass through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain fresh bamboo powder, stir and mix the fresh bamboo powder in a ratio of 75%, casein 10%, brown sugar 14%, and calcium hydroxide 1.0%, add purified water to adjust the moisture of the mixture to 30%, the pH to 8.5, pretreat the mixture for 1 hour, and sterilize at 115° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a feed raw material; Adding alkaline protease at an enzyme concentration of 50,000 U per kilogram of the feed raw material and trypsin at an enzyme concentration of 15,000 U, and performing enzymolysis reaction at 40° C. for 15 hours; Lactobacillus helveticus 9 and Asperillus niger 6042 were expanded and cultured using MRS and Chadwick liquid medium, respectively, and cultured at a constant temperature of 37° C. for 24 hours. Lactobacillus helveticus 9 and Asperillus niger 6042 were inoculated into the enzymatically hydrolyzed feed raw materials at a mass ratio of 5% and 6% for fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 45° C. for 160 hours. After fermentation is completed, low-temperature drying is carried out under the conditions of vacuum degree of 0.07MPa and concentration temperature of 45°C. The drying time is 120min. After drying, the feed with a moisture content of 12% and a crude fiber content of 60.0% is obtained.

[0020] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for preparing a feed for reducing the skatole content in pig feces, comprising the following steps: Select 2-3 year old bamboo stems, saw and crush them into 2-3 cm pellets, dry the pellets to a moisture content of 18%, crush them again, pass through a 25-mesh sieve to obtain fresh bamboo powder, stir and mix the fresh bamboo powder in a ratio of 70%, casein 15%, brown sugar 14%, and calcium hydroxide 1.0%, add purified water to adjust the moisture of the mixture to 35%, the pH to 9, mix and pretreat for 2 hours, and sterilize at 115° C. for 18 minutes to obtain a feed raw material; Adding alkaline protease at an enzyme concentration of 55,000 U per kilogram of the raw material and trypsin at an enzyme concentration of 18,000 U, to the feed raw material, and performing enzymolysis reaction at a temperature of 45° C. for 12 hours; Lactobacillus helveticus 9 and Asperillus niger 6042 were expanded and cultured using MRS and Chadwick liquid medium, respectively, and cultured at a constant temperature of 37° C. for 24 hours. Lactobacillus helveticus 9 and Asperillus niger 6042 were inoculated into the enzymatically hydrolyzed feed raw materials at a mass ratio of 6% and 8% for fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 46° C. for 170 hours. After fermentation is completed, low-temperature drying is carried out under the conditions of vacuum degree of 0.08MPa and concentration temperature of 44°C. The drying time is 150min. After drying, the feed with a moisture content of 12% is obtained.

[0021] Effect test of the feed on piglets: 50 healthy weaned piglets of the same growth condition at 25 days of age were selected and divided into two groups, namely a control group and a test group. The control group was fed a control diet (formula see Table 1), and the test group was fed a complete feed with 10 kg of the feed of Example 1 added to each ton of the control diet. The piglets were fed the above feed until 55 days of age, and the growth performance of the piglets and the skatole content in their feces were measured.

[0022] Table 1 Composition and nutritional index of experimental diet

[0023] The experimental results showed that compared with the control group, the average daily weight gain of piglets in the experimental group increased by 11.37% (P<0.05), the feed-to-weight ratio decreased by 5.50% (P<0.05), the diarrhea rate decreased by 13.67% (P<0.05), and the skatole content in feces decreased by 71.8% (P<0.01).

[0024] The above embodiments are intended to illustrate the present invention, not to limit the present invention. Any solution that is a simple transformation of the present invention belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a feed for reducing the skatole content in pig feces, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Fresh bamboo powder, casein, brown sugar and calcium hydroxide are stirred and mixed, purified water is added to adjust the water content of the mixture to 25-35%, the pH value to 8.0-9.0, the mixture is pretreated for 1-2 hours, and the feed raw material is obtained after sterilization; Add alkaline protease at an enzyme concentration of 50,000-60,000 U per kilogram of raw material and trypsin at an enzyme concentration of 10,000-20,000 U to the feed raw material, and perform enzymolysis reaction at a temperature of 40° C.-50° C. for 10-15 hours; Lactobacillus helveticus 9 and Asperillus niger 6042 were expanded and cultured using MRS and Chadwick liquid medium respectively, and after static culture for a period of time under constant temperature conditions, they were inoculated into the enzymatically hydrolyzed feed raw materials at a ratio of 5-10% for fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 40-50° C. and a fermentation time of 150-200 hours; After fermentation is completed, low-temperature drying is performed to produce feed that reduces the skatole content in pig feces.

2. The method for preparing a feed for reducing the skatole content in pig feces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fresh bamboo powder is obtained by first crushing bamboo stems of 2-3 years old into 2-3 cm particles, drying the particles to a moisture content of 13-18%, crushing them again, and passing through a 20-30 mesh sieve.

3. The method for preparing a feed for reducing the skatole content in pig feces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The casein is bovine milk casein, and the crude protein content is ≥90%.

4. The method for preparing a feed for reducing the skatole content in pig feces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed raw materials are stirred and mixed in proportions of 70-85% of fresh bamboo powder, 10-15% of casein, 5-15% of brown sugar and 0.5-1.0% of calcium hydroxide.

5. The method for preparing a feed for reducing the skatole content in pig feces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature drying is carried out under the conditions of a vacuum degree of 0.07-0.09 MPa, a concentration time of 2-3 hours, and a drying temperature of 40-55° C. The moisture content of the feed after the low-temperature drying treatment is 12-15%.

6. The method for preparing a feed for reducing the skatole content in pig feces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Lactobacillus helveticus 9 and Asperillus niger 6042 were statically cultured at 36° C.-37.5° C. for 24 hours using MRS and Czapek liquid culture medium, respectively.

7. The method for preparing a feed for reducing the skatole content in pig feces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sterilization is carried out at a temperature of 110° C.-120° C., and the sterilization time is 10 min-20 min.

8. A feed prepared according to the method for preparing a feed for reducing the skatole content in pig feces according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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