Microbial composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a microbial composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials. The microbial composite material provided by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials: microorganisms and a carrier material, the microorganisms are microorganisms capable of degrading pollutants; the specific surface area of the carrier material is 2-200m < 2 > / g; the porosity of the carrier material is 30-95%. The microbial composite material provided by the invention mainly utilizes the metabolic capability of microorganisms to degrade pollutants, and the adopted carrier material has a certain specific surface area and porosity, so that a suitable growth environment and medium can be provided for the microorganisms; meanwhile, the effects of enlarging the contact area of pollutant-containing gas and microorganisms and adsorbing and concentrating the pollutant-containing gas to be supplied to the microorganisms for degradation are achieved, the air purification effect is achieved, and the composite material which is good in mechanical performance, not prone to collapse and good in purification effect is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, and in particular to a microbial composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] There are pollutants in the form of gas in the atmospheric environment. How to remove these pollutants is an important issue that needs to be solved at present. For example, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the main pollutants in the atmosphere. Controlling the content of VOCs in the atmosphere is of great significance to achieving synergistic efficiency of pollution reduction and carbon reduction and promoting the continuous improvement of ecological environment quality. Existing VOCs removal technologies include physical adsorption of materials such as activated carbon, chemical adsorption of chemical reagents, and catalytic degradation of precious metals or metal oxides. However, these methods all have shortcomings, such as: physical adsorption of materials such as activated carbon has the problem of reduced efficiency due to adsorption saturation, and the adsorption performance decreases under high temperature and high humidity environments. After adsorption saturation, it needs to be replaced or regenerated, otherwise secondary pollution will occur; chemical adsorption also has the situation of performance degradation with the consumption of chemical reagents until there is no adsorption capacity and needs to be replaced; precious metal catalytic degradation of VOCs is costly and requires certain reaction conditions. At the same time, different catalysts have different catalytic effects on different types of VOCs. For some difficult-to-handle VOCs, the catalytic degradation effect is not ideal. In addition, the life of the catalyst is affected by factors such as reaction conditions, VOCs composition and reactant concentration, and the life is limited.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to find a material or method that can remove VOCs simply and long-term. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a microbial composite material, which can efficiently degrade pollutants such as VOCs to obtain purified gas, and the preparation process of the composite material is simple and the service life is long.

[0005] A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned microbial composite material.

[0006] The third object of the present invention is to provide a microbial filter comprising the above-mentioned microbial composite material.

[0007] A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a gas purification component including the above-mentioned microbial filter.

[0008] A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a method for purifying VOCs-containing gas.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0010] The first aspect of the present invention provides a microbial composite material, comprising the following preparation materials: microorganisms and carrier materials; the microorganisms are microorganisms that can degrade pollutants; the specific surface area of ​​the carrier material is 2 to 200 m 2 / g; the porosity of the carrier material is 30 to 95%.

[0011] The microbial composite material provided according to the first aspect of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0012] The microbial composite material of the present invention mainly utilizes the metabolic ability of microorganisms to degrade pollutants, and the carrier material used has a certain specific surface area and porosity, which can provide a suitable growth environment and medium for microorganisms, and at the same time play a role in expanding the contact area between pollutant-containing gas and microorganisms, adsorbing and concentrating pollutant-containing gas to supply microorganisms for degradation, thereby achieving the effect of purifying gas, forming a composite material with good mechanical properties, not easy to collapse and good purification effect. The microbial composite material of the present invention has good mechanical stability, long service life, good effect of degrading pollutants and high purification efficiency.

[0013] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the support material includes at least one of a porous carbon material, a mineral material or an organic material.

[0014] Porous carbon materials, mineral materials or organic materials as carrier materials can provide nutrients for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, thereby maintaining the amount of microorganisms contained in the composite material, realizing the recycling regeneration of the composite material, maintaining the stability of the purification effect, and having a long service life and low purification cost. Moreover, since the carrier material can be consumed and utilized by microorganisms, the composite material will not produce secondary pollution after use, is harmless to the environment and human health, and is green and environmentally friendly.

[0015] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the carrier material includes at least one of activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, carbon molecular sieve, expanded graphite, porous graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon aerogel, crushed stone, volcanic rock, zeolite, ceramsite, sawdust, bark, hay, peat soil, sponge, diatomaceous earth, polyethylene fiber or polyurethane.

[0016] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the microorganism is obtained by the following method: the microorganism is domesticated and screened according to the type of pollutant to be degraded.

[0017] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the microbial loading is calculated based on the total protein content of the microorganisms, and the microbial loading is 8 to 50 mg / g per gram of carrier material.

[0018] Using an appropriate microbial loading amount can not only ensure that the microbial composite material will not collapse and has good mechanical stability, but also ensure that it has a good degradation and purification effect.

[0019] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the microbial composite material is in the form of particles, and the particle size of the microbial composite material is 0.5 to 5 mm.

[0020] The composite material in granular form has good processing performance, filling performance and stability performance.

[0021] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the microbial composite material according to the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: mixing microorganisms and carrier materials to obtain the microbial composite material.

[0022] The method for preparing the microbial composite material provided in the second aspect of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The preparation method of the microbial composite material of the invention has simple process, low equipment requirement and low preparation cost.

[0024] The microorganisms and the carrier material are fully mixed so that the microorganisms can be evenly loaded on the carrier material, and then molded to form a composite material.

[0025] The third aspect of the present invention provides a microbial filter screen, comprising a fixed structure and a filtering structure, wherein the filtering structure is arranged inside the fixed structure; the filtering structure contains the microbial composite material described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0026] The microbial filter provided according to the third aspect of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The microbial filter screen of the present invention has a simple structure, and the filter structure has good formability and is not easy to collapse. The filter screen has low operating cost, long service life, low wind resistance, high degradation and purification efficiency, and good degradation stability. It is suitable for treating various types of pollutant-containing gases, especially various VOCs-containing gases, including low-concentration organic waste gas and high-concentration volatile organic compounds.

[0028] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the fixed structure is a double-layer fixed layer, and the filtering structure is arranged between the layers of the fixed layer to form a filtering layer.

[0029] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the fixing layer includes a planar structure, a continuous bending structure or a combination thereof.

[0030] The processing technology of the plane structure is simple, and compared with the plane structure, the continuous bending structure can reduce wind resistance, and can be selected according to actual needs.

[0031] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the filter layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 2 mm.

[0032] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the fixed structure includes a fixed outer frame and a plurality of honeycomb grids, wherein the honeycomb grids are arranged inside the fixed outer frame; and the filtering structure is arranged inside the honeycomb grids.

[0033] The filtering structure in the above structure can be set according to actual needs. If it is set very densely, the wind resistance of the filter screen is large, and if it is set sparsely, the wind resistance of the filter screen is small.

[0034] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a gas purification component, comprising the microbial composite material described in the first aspect of the present invention, or the microbial filter described in the third aspect of the present invention.

[0035] The gas purification component provided according to the fourth aspect of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0036] The gas purification component of the present invention has the advantages of low operating cost, long service life, high degradation and purification efficiency, and good degradation stability, and can effectively degrade pollutants in the gas, especially VOCs, to obtain purified gas.

[0037] The fifth aspect of the present invention provides a method for purifying VOCs-containing gas, which is implemented using the gas purification component described in the fourth aspect of the present invention.

[0038] The method for purifying VOCs-containing gas provided in the fifth aspect of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0039] The purification method of the present invention can effectively degrade various types of VOCs, thereby achieving effective purification of VOCs-containing gases.

[0040] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the purification method includes the following steps: allowing the VOCs-containing gas to pass through the gas purification component, and the angle between the airflow direction of the VOCs-containing gas and the plane where the microbial filter in the air purification component is located is greater than 0°.

[0041] By allowing VOCs-containing gases to pass through the microbial filter at a certain angle, sufficient contact between VOCs and microbial fillers can be achieved, effectively degrading VOCs.

[0042] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the angle between the airflow direction of the VOCs-containing gas and the plane where the microbial filter in the air purification component is located is 30 to 90°.

[0043] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the VOCs include at least one of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, ketones, acids or esters.

[0044] The method of the present invention is applicable to the removal of various types of VOCs. Microorganisms are domesticated and screened according to the types of VOCs in the gas to be purified, and the obtained microorganisms can be applied to the present invention to achieve effective removal of VOCs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure (A) and airflow direction (B) of the microbial filter in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of the structure (A) and airflow direction (B) of microbial filters in other embodiments of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3 Schematic diagrams of the structure (A) and airflow direction (B) of microbial filters in other embodiments of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 The microbial load in Application Example 4 of the present invention is 27.1 mg·g -1 The average purification rate of acetic acid changes with the number of days. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The content of the present invention is further described in detail below through specific examples. It should also be understood that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on the principles set forth in the present invention all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. The specific process parameters and the like in the following examples are also only examples within a suitable range, that is, those skilled in the art can make a selection within a suitable range through the description herein, and are not limited to the specific data exemplified below. The raw materials, reagents or devices used in the following examples and comparative examples, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from conventional commercial sources, or can be obtained by existing known methods.

[0050] The first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention provides a microbial composite material, comprising the following preparation materials: microorganisms and carrier materials; the microorganisms are microorganisms that can degrade pollutants; the specific surface area of ​​the carrier material is 2 to 200 m 2 / g; the porosity of the carrier material is 30-95%.

[0051] The microbial composite material in the embodiment of the present invention mainly utilizes the metabolic ability of microorganisms to degrade pollutants, and the carrier material used has a certain specific surface area and porosity, which can provide a suitable growth environment and medium for microorganisms, and at the same time play a role in expanding the contact area between pollutant-containing gas and microorganisms, adsorbing and concentrating pollutant-containing gas for microbial degradation, thereby achieving the effect of purifying gas, forming a composite material with good mechanical properties, not easy to collapse and good purification effect. The microbial composite material of the present invention has good mechanical stability, long service life, good effect of degrading pollutants and high purification efficiency.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, the specific surface area of ​​the carrier material is 5 to 180 m 2 / g; In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the specific surface area of ​​the carrier material is 7 to 110 m 2 / g; In some examples of the present invention, the specific surface area of ​​the carrier material is 9 to 60m 2 / g; non-limiting specific examples such as 10m 2 / g, 15m 2 / g, 20m 2 / g, 30m 2 / g, 40m 2 / g or 50m 2 / g.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, the porosity of the carrier material is 35-90%; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the porosity of the carrier material is 38-85%; in some examples of the present invention, the porosity of the carrier material is 40-80%; non-limiting specific examples are 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70% or 75%.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present invention, the support material includes at least one of a porous carbon material, a mineral material, or an organic material.

[0055] The carrier material used in the embodiment of the present invention can provide nutrients for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, thereby maintaining the amount of microorganisms contained in the composite material, realizing the recycling regeneration of the composite material, maintaining the stability of the purification effect, and having a long service life and low purification cost. Moreover, since the carrier material can be consumed and utilized by microorganisms, the composite material will not produce secondary pollution after use, is harmless to the environment and human health, and is green and environmentally friendly.

[0056] Porous carbon materials have a porous structure, which can provide growth space for microorganisms and promote their growth, and can also provide carbon sources for microorganisms, further promoting their growth and reproduction. Non-limiting examples of porous carbon materials include activated carbon, activated carbon fibers, carbon molecular sieves, expanded graphite, porous graphite, carbon nanotubes, or carbon aerogels.

[0057] Mineral materials provide growth space for microorganisms, and especially contain a large amount of mineral elements, and can also be used as nutrients for microorganisms to consume and utilize. Non-limiting examples of mineral materials include crushed stone, volcanic rock, zeolite or ceramsite.

[0058] Organic materials include natural organic matter and synthetic organic matter, which are macromolecules with multiple repeating monomer units formed by covalent bonds of one or more molecules or molecular groups, and can provide carbon sources for microorganisms to grow and utilize. Natural organic matter includes wood materials, fibers, proteins and natural rubber, etc., and synthetic materials include synthetic rubber, synthetic resins, synthetic fibers, etc. Non-limiting examples of organic materials include sawdust, bark, hay, peat soil, sponge, diatomaceous earth, polyethylene fiber or polyurethane, etc.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carrier material includes at least one of activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, carbon molecular sieve, expanded graphite, porous graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon aerogel, crushed stone, volcanic rock, zeolite, ceramsite, sawdust, bark, hay, peat soil, sponge, diatomaceous earth, polyethylene fiber or polyurethane; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the carrier material includes at least one of activated carbon, crushed stone, volcanic rock, zeolite, ceramsite, sawdust, bark, hay, peat soil, sponge, diatomaceous earth, polyethylene fiber or polyurethane.

[0060] In some examples of the present invention, the carrier material is selected from ceramsite; further, the porosity of the ceramsite is 31-55%.

[0061] In other examples of the present invention, the carrier material is selected from wood materials such as sawdust and bark; further, the porosity of the wood material is 50-75%; further, the specific surface area of ​​the wood material is 2-43 m 2 / g.

[0062] In some other examples of the present invention, the support material is selected from a mixture of ceramsite and activated carbon.

[0063] The microorganisms in the present invention are selected according to actual needs.

[0064] In some embodiments of the present invention, the microorganism is obtained by the following method: the microorganism is domesticated and screened according to the type of pollutant to be degraded.

[0065] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the microorganism is obtained by a method comprising the following steps: a microorganism extract is tamed and screened using a pollutant-containing gas to obtain the microorganism. The microorganism extract contains a mixed microbial community and can be extracted using sludge, sewage, etc. In some examples of the present invention, the pollutant is VOCs, and the microorganism is obtained by a method comprising the following steps: a microorganism extract is tamed and screened using a VOCs-containing gas to obtain the microorganism.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present invention, the microbial loading is calculated based on the total protein content of the microorganisms. The microbial loading is 8 to 50 mg / g per gram of carrier material. -1 In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the microbial load is 15 to 45 mg g -1 In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the microbial load is 25 to 40 mg g -1 ; Non-limiting specific examples such as 28mg·g -1 , 30mg·g -1 , 32mg·g -1 , 35mg·g -1 or 38 mg g -1 .

[0067] The microorganisms and carrier materials of the present invention are mixed at a suitable ratio to obtain a microbial composite material with better pollutant degradation effect and less wind resistance. If there are too many microorganisms, the filler will be less, affecting the molding; if there are too few media for microbial reproduction, the contact area between the pollutant-containing gas and the microorganisms will be affected, thereby affecting the purification effect; if there are too few microorganisms, the purification efficiency will be affected.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present invention, the microbial composite material is in the form of granules, and the particle size of the microbial composite material is 0.5-5 mm; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the particle size of the microbial composite material is 1-3 mm; non-limiting specific examples are 1.5 mm, 2 mm or 2.5 mm. The granular composite material has good processing performance, filling performance and stability performance.

[0069] The second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for preparing the microbial composite material of the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: mixing microorganisms and carrier materials to obtain the microbial composite material.

[0070] The preparation method of the microbial composite material in the embodiment of the present invention has simple process, low equipment requirements and low preparation cost.

[0071] The microorganisms and the carrier material are fully mixed so that the microorganisms can be evenly loaded on the carrier material, and then molded to form a composite material.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present invention, the molding method includes at least one of a granulation process, an extrusion process, an injection process or a molding process; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the molding method is selected from a granulation process.

[0073] In some embodiments of the present invention, the granulation process includes at least one of a conventional granulation method, a spray granulation method or a briquetting granulation method; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the granulation process is selected from a conventional granulation method.

[0074] The common granulation method refers to mixing the prepared raw materials and then granulating them on a special granulator, such as a drum granulator and a disc granulator. The spray granulation method refers to using the principle of spray drying to mix the prepared raw materials to form a slurry, and then spraying it into a granulation tower through a sprayer for atomization drying to obtain spherical granules with good fluidity. The briquetting granulation method refers to pre-pressing the prepared raw materials with a binder into granules at a relatively low pressure, and then crushing and sieving them to form granules with a relatively high volume density.

[0075] A third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a microbial filter screen, comprising a fixed structure and a filtering structure, wherein the filtering structure is arranged inside the fixed structure; the filtering structure contains the microbial composite material of the first aspect of the present invention.

[0076] The microbial filter screen in the embodiment of the present invention has a simple structure, the filter structure has good formability and is not easy to collapse, the filter screen has low operating cost, long service life, low wind resistance, high degradation and purification efficiency, and good degradation stability. It is suitable for treating various types of pollutants, especially various VOCs, including low-concentration organic waste gas and high-concentration volatile organic compounds.

[0077] In the microbial filter in the embodiment of the present invention, a fixed structure is used to fix the filter structure to prevent the filter structure from collapsing. Although the fixed structure used will affect the wind resistance, it will not affect the degradation effect. The material and thickness of the fixed structure can be adjusted according to actual application requirements.

[0078] In some embodiments of the present invention, the material of the fixing structure is a fiber textile material.

[0079] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fixed structure is a double-layer fixed layer, and the filtering structure is arranged between the layers of the fixed layer to form a filtering layer.

[0080] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fixed layer includes a planar structure, a continuously bent structure or a combination thereof.

[0081] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the structure of the microbial filter screen in some embodiments of the present invention (A) and the airflow direction (B), wherein 1 represents the filter layer, 2 represents the fixed layer, and plane A represents the plane where the filter screen is located. Schematic diagram of the structure of the microbial filter screen in some embodiments of the present invention is as follows Figure 1 As shown in (A), it includes a filter layer 1 and fixed layers 2 on both sides, and the fixed layer 2 is a planar structure. The layer structures are bonded by an adhesive, and the function of the fixed layer 2 is to fix the microbial composite material to prevent the filter layer containing the microbial composite material from collapsing.

[0082] Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of the structure of the microbial filter screen in other embodiments of the present invention (A) and the airflow direction (B), wherein 1 represents the filter layer, 2 represents the fixed layer, and plane A represents the plane where the filter screen is located. Schematic diagrams of the structure of the microbial filter screen in other embodiments of the present invention are as follows Figure 2 As shown in (A), it includes a filter layer 1 and fixed layers 2 on both sides, and the fixed layer 2 is a continuous bending structure. The layer structures are bonded by adhesives, and the fixed layer 2 in this structure is also used to fix the microbial composite material to prevent the filter layer containing the microbial composite material from collapsing. In addition, the structure adopts a continuous bending structure, which can reduce wind resistance.

[0083] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the filter layer is 0.1-2 mm; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the filter layer is 0.2-1.5 mm; in some examples of the present invention, the thickness of the filter layer is 0.3-1 mm; non-limiting specific examples are 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm or 0.9 mm.

[0084] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fixed structure includes a fixed outer frame and a plurality of honeycomb grids, wherein the honeycomb grids are arranged inside the fixed outer frame; and the filtering structure is arranged inside the honeycomb grids.

[0085] Figure 3 Schematic diagrams of the structure of the microbial filter screen in other embodiments of the present invention (A) and the airflow direction (B), wherein 1 represents a fixed outer frame, 2 represents a honeycomb grid, 3 represents a filtering structure, and plane A represents the plane where the filter screen is located. Schematic diagrams of the structure of the microbial filter screen in other embodiments of the present invention are shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown in (A), it includes a fixed outer frame 1, a plurality of honeycomb grids 2 and a filter structure 3, wherein the filter structure 3 is granular and adheres to the wall of the honeycomb grid 2. The granular filter structure in the structure can be filled and set according to actual needs. If it is filled densely, the wind resistance of the filter screen is large, and if it is filled sparsely, the wind resistance of the filter screen is small.

[0086] A fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a gas purification component, comprising the microbial filter according to the third aspect of the present invention.

[0087] The gas purification component in the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of low operating cost, long service life, high degradation and purification efficiency, and good degradation stability, and can effectively degrade pollutants in the gas, especially VOCs, to obtain purified gas.

[0088] In some embodiments of the present invention, the gas purification component includes one or more microbial filters. A plurality of microbial filters is two or more.

[0089] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the gas purification component includes multiple microbial filters, the combination of the microbial filters is in the form of plane joint or stacking. If a plane joint combination is adopted, the degradation efficiency of the gas purification component is increased, the wind resistance remains unchanged, but the actual required space volume is larger; if a stacked combination is adopted, the degradation efficiency of the gas purification component is increased, the actual required space volume is smaller, but the wind resistance will increase. The specific design needs to be based on actual needs.

[0090] A fifth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for purifying VOCs-containing gas, which is implemented using the gas purification component of the fourth aspect of the present invention.

[0091] The purification method in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively degrade various types of VOCs and achieve effective purification of VOCs-containing gases.

[0092] In some embodiments of the present invention, the purification method includes the following steps: allowing the VOCs-containing gas to pass through a gas purification component, and the angle between the airflow direction of the VOCs-containing gas and the plane where the microbial filter in the gas purification component is located is greater than 0°.

[0093] By allowing VOCs-containing gases to pass through the microbial filter at a certain angle, sufficient contact between VOCs and microbial fillers can be achieved, effectively degrading VOCs.

[0094] In some embodiments of the present invention, the angle between the airflow direction of the VOCs-containing gas and the plane where the microbial filter in the gas purification component is located is 30-90°; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the angle between the airflow direction of the VOCs-containing gas and the plane where the microbial filter in the gas purification component is located is 60-90°; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the angle between the airflow direction of the VOCs-containing gas and the plane where the microbial filter in the gas purification component is located is 80-90°; non-limiting specific examples are 82°, 85° or 90°. The VOCs-containing gas passes through the microbial filter in a vertical or nearly vertical direction, which is conducive to reducing wind resistance.

[0095] In some embodiments of the present invention, when using Figure 1 When the microbial filter of the structure shown in (A) is used, the airflow direction is Figure 1(B) As described above, the airflow direction is perpendicular to the plane where the filter screen is located, and the angle between the two is 90°. The plane where the filter screen is located is a plane parallel to the filter layer 1 and the fixed layer 2. Figure 2 (B) Surface A shown.

[0096] In other embodiments of the present invention, when using Figure 2 When the microbial filter of the structure shown in (A) is used, the airflow direction is Figure 2 As mentioned in (B), the airflow direction is perpendicular to the plane where the filter is located, and the angle between the two is 90°. The plane where the filter is located is the center plane of the filter. Figure 2 (B) Surface A shown.

[0097] In other embodiments of the present invention, when using Figure 3 When the microbial filter of the structure shown in (A) is used, the airflow direction is Figure 3 (B) As mentioned above, the airflow direction is perpendicular to the plane where the filter is located, and the angle between the two is 90°. Figure 3 (A) shows that Figure 3 (B) Surface A shown.

[0098] In some embodiments of the present invention, VOCs include at least one of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, ketones, acids or esters; in some specific embodiments of the present invention, VOCs include at least one of methane, ethane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, trichloroethylene, chloroform, trichloroethane, vinyl chloride, chlorobenzene, ethanol, formaldehyde, ether, acetone, acetic acid, diisocyanate or diisocyanatoluene; in some examples of the present invention, VOCs include at least one of benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, ethanol, formaldehyde, ether, acetone or acetic acid; in some specific examples of the present invention, VOCs are selected from toluene or acetic acid.

[0099] The method in the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to the removal of various types of VOCs. Microorganisms are domesticated and screened according to the types of VOCs in the gas to be purified, and the obtained microorganisms can be applied to the present invention to achieve effective removal of VOCs.

[0100] In some embodiments of the present invention, the types of microorganisms need to be domesticated and screened according to the types of VOCs in the gas to be purified. In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the specific process of domestication and screening is to use gas containing a specific type of VOCs to domesticate the sludge extract to obtain microorganisms that can purify the specific type of VOCs. The microorganisms obtained after a long period of domestication are a mixed microbial population, which has a good degradation effect on the specific type of VOCs. The microorganisms are used to treat specific VOCs, and the degradation and purification effect is good.

[0101] The following is further described in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0102] Example 1

[0103] A microbial composite material, the raw materials for preparation include microorganisms and carriers, wherein the carrier material is a mixture of ceramsite and activated carbon, forming carrier materials with different specific surface areas, the specific specific surface areas are shown in Table 1, and the microbial loading is 27-28 mg·g -1 The microorganisms are mixed microbial populations extracted from sludge and then subjected to long-term acclimation treatment with acetic acid to obtain the mixed microbial population.

[0104] The specific preparation process of the microbial composite material is as follows: the carrier material and the microorganisms are fully mixed to make the microorganisms uniformly dispersed and loaded on the carrier material, and then granulated by a granulator to obtain the microbial composite material.

[0105] Application Example 1

[0106] A microbial filter, the structure of which is as follows Figure 1 (A), wherein the filter layer 1 is filled with the microbial composite material of Example 1, with a thickness of 0.5 mm; the fixing layer 2 is a fiber textile material; and the size of the filter screen is 10 mm×10 mm.

[0107] The acetic acid gas Figure 1 The average degradation rate and wind resistance of acetic acid were measured by the microbial filter in this example in accordance with GB / T18801-2022. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0108] Table 1 Acetic acid degradation effect and wind resistance of carrier materials with different specific surface areas

[0109]

[0110]

[0111] As can be seen from Table 1, as the specific surface area increases, the average degradation rate of the filter for pollutants first increases and then decreases. The reason why the average degradation rate decreases is that the larger specific surface area will cause the microorganisms to grow excessively and form a dense biofilm on the surface of the filler, which will increase the wind resistance of the filter and reduce the average degradation rate.

[0112] Application Example 2

[0113] A microbial filter, the structure of which is as follows Figure 2 (A), wherein the filter layer 1 is filled with the microbial composite material of Example 1, with a thickness of 0.5 mm; the fixing layer 2 is a fiber textile material; and the size of the filter screen is 10 mm×10 mm.

[0114] The acetic acid gas Figure 2 (B) The average degradation rate and wind resistance of acetic acid were measured through the microbial filter in this example, and the measurement was performed in accordance with GB / T18801-2022. Compared with Application Example 1, under the same microbial load, the average degradation rate of acetic acid in this example is basically the same as that in Application Example 1, while the wind resistance is reduced.

[0115] Example 2

[0116] A microbial composite material is obtained by mixing and granulating a carrier material and microorganisms, wherein the carrier material is a mixture of ceramsite and activated carbon to form a carrier material with different porosities. The content of microorganisms in the carrier materials with different porosities is measured initially (just when loaded) and after 5 days to determine their growth, as shown in Table 2.

[0117] The specific preparation process of the microbial composite material is as follows: the carrier material and the microorganisms are fully mixed to make the microorganisms uniformly dispersed and loaded on the carrier material, and then granulated by a granulator to obtain the microbial composite material.

[0118] Table 2 Microbial growth under different porosity carrier materials

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] As can be seen from Table 2, microorganisms need enough space to grow and reproduce, so the porosity cannot be too low, so as not to restrict the activity of microorganisms; at the same time, the porosity cannot be too high, otherwise the mechanical stability of the filler will be sacrificed, causing the filler to easily break and collapse, and will also affect the life of the microorganisms, and thus affect the life of the filter. It is better to control the porosity between 30% and 95%.

[0122] Example 3

[0123] A microbial composite material is obtained by mixing a carrier material and microorganisms and granulating them into a shape, wherein the carrier material is a wood material with a porosity of 50-75% and a specific surface area of ​​2-43m 2 / g, the microbial load is shown in Table 3, and the microorganisms are mixed microbial populations extracted from sludge and then obtained by long-term acclimation treatment with toluene.

[0124] The specific preparation process of the microbial composite material is as follows: the carrier material and the microorganisms are fully mixed to make the microorganisms uniformly dispersed and loaded on the carrier material, and then granulated by a granulator to obtain the microbial composite material.

[0125] Application Example 3

[0126] A microbial filter, the structure of which is as follows Figure 1 As shown in (A), the filter layer 1 is filled with the microbial composite material of Example 3, with a thickness of 0.5 mm; the fixed layer 2 is a fiber textile material; and the size of the filter screen is 10 mm×10 mm.

[0127] Toluene gas Figure 1 The average degradation rate and wind resistance of toluene were measured by the microbial filter in this example in accordance with GB / T18801-2022. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0128] Table 3 Toluene degradation effect and wind resistance under different microbial loadings

[0129] <![CDATA[Microbial load (protein / carrier material) / mg·g -1 > <![CDATA[Average toluene degradation rate / mg·(m 3 ·d) -1 > Wind resistance / Pa 7.62 4.12 13 15.51 4.98 46 26.37 6.65 75 40.53 6.32 145 48.75 5.90 226 55.57 5.41 309

[0130] As can be seen from Table 3, the use of appropriate microbial loading has a higher toluene degradation effect. If the microbial loading is too small, the degradation rate is low; if the microbial loading is too large, it is easy to form a microbial film, which increases the wind resistance of the filter and reduces the average degradation rate.

[0131] Example 4

[0132] A microbial composite material is obtained by mixing a carrier material and microorganisms and granulating them into a granulated shape, wherein the carrier material is ceramsite with a porosity of 44.12% and a specific surface area of ​​2.4 m 2 / g, the particle diameter is 1-3mm, and the microbial load is shown in Table 4. The microorganisms are mixed microbial populations extracted from sludge and then obtained by long-term acclimation treatment with acetic acid.

[0133] The specific preparation process of the microbial composite material is as follows: the carrier material and the microorganisms are fully mixed to make the microorganisms uniformly dispersed and loaded on the carrier material, and then granulated by a granulator to obtain the microbial composite material.

[0134] Application Example 4

[0135] A microbial filter, the structure of which is as follows Figure 3 As shown in (A), it includes a fixed outer frame 1, a plurality of honeycomb grids 2 and a filter structure 3, wherein the filter structure 3 is a granular microbial composite material adhered to the wall of the honeycomb grid 2. The size of the filter is 10 mm × 10 mm, and the amount of the microbial composite material filled in the filter is 100 g.

[0136] The acetic acid gas Figure 3 The average degradation rate of acetic acid was measured by the microbial filter in this example in accordance with GB / T18801-2022. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0137] Table 4 Acetic acid degradation effect under different microbial loadings

[0138] <![CDATA[Microbial load (protein / carrier material) / mg·g -1 > <![CDATA[Average acetic acid degradation rate / mg·(m 3 ·d) -1 > 5.3 2.23 27.1 6.70 48.5 9.44 54.3 -

[0139] In Table 4, when the microbial load is greater than 50 mg g -1 When the ceramsite filler cannot be formed smoothly, it is very easy to collapse.

[0140] In this case, the microbial load was 27.1 mg g -1 The average degradation rate of acetic acid changes with the number of days. Figure 4 It can be seen that when the microbial filter of this example is used to purify acetic acid, the average degradation rate of acetic acid remains basically stable and has a long service life.

[0141] The microbial composite material in the embodiment of the present invention mainly utilizes the metabolic ability of microorganisms to degrade pollutants, and the carrier material used has a certain specific surface area and porosity, which can provide a suitable growth environment and medium for microorganisms, and at the same time play a role in expanding the contact area between pollutant-containing gas and microorganisms, adsorbing and concentrating pollutant-containing gas for microbial degradation, thereby achieving the effect of purifying gas, forming a composite material with good mechanical properties, not easy to collapse and good purification effect. The microbial composite material of the present invention has good mechanical stability, long service life, good effect of degrading pollutants and high purification efficiency.

[0142] Furthermore, when the microorganisms and the carrier material of the present invention are mixed in a suitable ratio, the obtained microbial composite material has better pollutant degradation effect and less wind resistance. If there are too many microorganisms, there will be less filler, which will affect the molding. If there are too few media for microbial reproduction, the contact area between the pollutant-containing gas and the microorganisms will be affected, and then the purification effect will be affected; if there are too few microorganisms, the purification efficiency will be affected. In addition, the carrier material used in the embodiment of the present invention can also provide nutrients for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, thereby maintaining the amount of microorganisms contained in the composite material, realizing the recycling of the composite material, maintaining the stability of the purification effect, and having a long service life and low purification cost. Moreover, since the carrier material can be consumed and utilized by microorganisms, the composite material will not produce secondary pollution after use, and is harmless to the environment and human health, and is green and environmentally friendly.

[0143] The microbial filter screen obtained by using the microbial composite material in the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention has a simple structure, good formability of the filter structure, and is not easy to collapse. The filter screen has low operating costs, long service life, low wind resistance, high degradation and purification efficiency, and good degradation stability. It is suitable for treating various types of pollutants, especially various VOCs, including low-concentration organic waste gas and high-concentration volatile organic compounds. In the microbial filter screen in the embodiment of the present invention, a fixed structure is used to fix the filter structure to avoid the collapse of the filter structure. Although the fixed structure used will affect the wind resistance, it will not affect the degradation effect. The material and thickness of the fixed structure can be adjusted according to actual application requirements.

[0144] Furthermore, the microbial filter in the embodiment of the present invention is made into a gas purification component, which has the advantages of low operating cost, long service life, high degradation and purification efficiency, and good degradation stability, and can effectively degrade pollutants in the gas, especially VOCs, to obtain purified gas. The gas purification component is used to purify VOCs-containing gas, and the purification method formed can effectively degrade various types of VOCs and achieve effective purification of VOCs-containing gas.

Claims

1. A microbial composite material, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following raw materials: microorganisms and carrier materials; the microorganisms are microorganisms that can degrade pollutants; the specific surface area of ​​the carrier material is 2 to 200 m 2 / g; the porosity of the carrier material is 30 to 95%.

2. The microbial composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support material includes at least one of a porous carbon material, a mineral material or an organic material.

3. The microbial composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The carrier material includes at least one of activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, carbon molecular sieve, expanded graphite, porous graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon aerogel, crushed stone, volcanic rock, zeolite, ceramsite, sawdust, bark, hay, peat soil, sponge, diatomaceous earth, polyethylene fiber or polyurethane.

4. The microbial composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microorganism is obtained by the following method: the microorganism is domesticated and screened according to the types of pollutants to be degraded.

5. The microbial composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial loading capacity is calculated based on the total protein content of the microorganisms. The microbial loading capacity is 8 to 50 mg / g per gram of carrier material.

6. The microbial composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial composite material is in the shape of particles, and the particle size of the microbial composite material is 0.5 to 5 mm.

7. A method for preparing a microbial composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: mixing microorganisms and carrier materials to obtain the microorganism composite material.

8. A microbial filter, characterized in that: It comprises a fixed structure and a filtering structure, wherein the filtering structure is arranged inside the fixed structure; the filtering structure contains the microbial composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. The microbial filter according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fixing structure is a double-layer fixing layer, and the filtering structure is arranged between the layers of the fixing layer to form a filtering layer.

10. The microbial filter according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fixing layer includes a planar structure, a continuous bending structure or a combination thereof.

11. The microbial filter according to claim 9, characterized in that: The thickness of the filter layer is 0.1-2 mm.

12. The microbial filter according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fixed structure includes a fixed outer frame and a plurality of honeycomb grids, wherein the honeycomb grids are arranged inside the fixed outer frame; and the filtering structure is arranged inside the honeycomb grids.

13. A gas purification component, characterized in that: It comprises the microbial composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or the microbial filter according to any one of claims 8 to 12.

14. A method for purifying VOCs-containing gas, characterized in that: This is achieved using the gas purification assembly described in claim 13.

15. The purification method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The VOCs-containing gas is passed through the gas purification component, and the angle between the airflow direction of the VOCs-containing gas and the plane where the microbial filter in the gas purification component is located is greater than 0°.

16. The purification method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The angle between the airflow direction of the VOCs-containing gas and the plane where the microbial filter in the gas purification component is located is 30 to 90 degrees.

17. The purification method according to claim 14, characterized in that: The VOCs include at least one of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, ketones, acids or esters.

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