A device for preventing blockage and breaking of hydrological equipment

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of hydrological monitoring equipment, and discloses a device for preventing hydrological equipment from blocking and breaking during operation, including a shell, a cylinder inserted in the shell, a square cylinder on the right side of the cylinder, an air hole on the shell above the square cylinder, a control unit below the air hole, the control unit can close the air hole when there is no external force, a capstan is provided on the front side of the control unit, a rope is wound on the capstan, a spring is provided between the capstan and the shell, when the inclination angle of the rope below the capstan reaches a limited value, the control unit opens the air hole, a winding wheel is provided on the left side of the control unit, a counterweight is connected to the winding wheel, a start-stop mechanism is provided on the rotating shaft of the winding wheel, and the start-stop mechanism can control the rise or fall of the counterweight. The invention solves the problem that the monitor cannot be separated from the debris when a large amount of debris is accumulated in front of the monitor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of hydrological monitoring equipment, and in particular relates to a device for preventing blocking and breaking of hydrological equipment during operation. Background Art

[0002] Hydrological monitoring is an important part of environmental protection. Buoy-type hydrological monitors can greatly reduce the workload of monitoring stations and have been widely used in many waters. However, there are often some branches, leaves, water plants or garbage floating in the river. These debris may accumulate at the front of the monitor when drifting with the river water, increasing the flow resistance of the water when passing through the monitor. When there are too many debris, the anchor tension is insufficient and the monitor is washed away. In addition, the debris will also clog the filter of the monitor, weakening the fluidity of the river water in the filter and causing deviations in the detection value of the sensor. Although some monitors are now equipped with crushing devices on the water-facing surface, they can only avoid accumulation when there is a small amount of debris. When large pieces of debris drift to the front of the monitor, it is obviously impossible to completely crush the debris at the front of the monitor by driving the motor and the cutter with the battery alone, and there is still accumulation and blockage. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that a monitor cannot be separated from the debris when a large amount of debris is accumulated in front of the monitor, and to propose a hydrological equipment operation anti-blocking and breaking device.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A hydrological equipment operation anti-blocking and breaking device comprises a shell, a cylinder is arranged inside the shell, the inner wall of the cylinder penetrates the upper and lower end surfaces of the shell, a square cylinder is arranged on the right side of the cylinder, and the upper and lower end surfaces of the square cylinder are respectively fixed to the upper and lower inner side surfaces of the shell;

[0006] An air hole is provided in the shell above the square cylinder, and a control unit is provided below the air hole, which can close the air hole when no external force acts on it; a capstan is provided on the front side of the control unit, on which a rope is wound, and a spring is provided between the capstan and the shell, which always rotates the capstan in the direction of winding up the rope, and the free end of the rope passes downward through the shell and is fixed with an anchor iron. When the inclination angle of the rope reaches a limited value, the control unit opens the air hole and the shell dives; a winding wheel is provided on the left side of the control unit, on which a pull rope is wound, and the free end of the pull rope extends downward out of the shell and is fixed with a counterweight block. The weight of the counterweight block is greater than the weight of water when the square cylinder is filled with water. A start-stop mechanism is provided on the rotating shaft of the winding wheel. When the square cylinder is filled with water, the control unit separates the counterweight block from the shell through the start-stop mechanism, and the shell floats. When the counterweight block is separated from the shell and the air hole is closed, the start-stop mechanism pulls the counterweight block to the bottom of the shell and fixes it.

[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0008] The shell comprises a round barrel, a cover plate is fixed on the top of the barrel by bolts, through holes are coaxially provided on the bottom of the barrel and the cover plate, the cylinder is fixed between the two through holes, and sealing strips are provided on the upper end faces of the cylinder and the square cylinder; when the cover plate is installed on the round barrel, the inner cavity of the shell outside the cylinder and the square cylinder has good air tightness; a second clearance groove is provided in the shell below the winding wheel, and the free end of the pull rope extends out of the shell from the second clearance groove; a plurality of threaded holes are provided on the side wall of the cylinder, and bolts and sealing rings are provided in the threaded holes. When in use, the monitor is placed in the cylinder, and the monitor housing is fixed to the cylinder by bolts. The rubber ring prevents water seepage from the threaded hole, and the filter screen and sensor below the monitor are located below the shell.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0010] The control unit includes a cross bar, which is hinged on the rear side wall of the square tube, a magnet is fixed above the cross bar, a rubber pad is fixed above the magnet, a long rod is fixed to the left end of the cross bar, and a floating block is fixed to the left end of the long rod. When the cross bar swings around the hinge axis, the floating block moves up and down in the square tube. When the floating block is not subjected to buoyancy, the cross bar is in a horizontal state, the magnet is adsorbed on the shell, and the rubber pad closes the pores; the control unit can close the pores when there is no external force.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0012] The shell below the capstan is provided with a first clearance groove, in which a wire groove is provided, the cross-sectional shape of the wire groove is U-shaped, the wire groove is hinged to the first clearance groove, and the opening of the wire groove faces the right side, and two rollers are provided between the two side plates of the wire groove, the axes of the two rollers are parallel to each other, and the hinge axis between the wire groove and the first clearance groove is coaxial with one of the rollers, and the twisted rope passes between the wire groove and the roller; when the angle between the twisted rope below the shell and the plumb line changes, the twisted rope will drive the wire groove to rotate around the hinge axis, and at the same time the roller can also avoid friction between the twisted rope and the shell, thereby extending the service life of the twisted rope; a baffle rod is fixed at one end of the wire groove in the shell, and the baffle rod will push the floating block to move upward when the wire groove rotates around the hinge axis; when the inclination angle of the twisted rope reaches a limited value, the control unit opens the air hole, water enters the square cylinder, and the shell dives.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0014] The start-stop mechanism includes a ratchet, which is fixed on the rotating shaft of the winding wheel. A pawl is hinged on the left side wall of the square cylinder. The hinge point of the pawl and the square cylinder is higher than the highest point of the ratchet, so that the pawl can always contact the ratchet when not subject to external force; the counterweight block cannot be separated from the shell; the right end of the pawl extends to the right above the floating block, and the floating block can push the pawl to separate from the ratchet when it moves upward, so that when the square cylinder is filled with water, the control unit separates the counterweight block from the shell through the start-stop mechanism, and the shell floats; a power unit is also provided on the rotating shaft of the winding wheel, and the power unit can pull the counterweight block to the bottom of the shell when the counterweight block is separated from the shell and the air hole is closed.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0016] The power unit includes a motor, which is fixed in the inner cavity of the shell outside the square cylinder. The rotating shaft of the motor extends into the square cylinder and is coaxially fixed with the rotating shaft of the winding wheel. Two button switches are connected in series in the connection circuit of the motor. Both button switches are normally closed button switches. One of the button switches is fixed on the bottom surface of the shell. When the counterweight block is not separated from the shell, the button switch is squeezed by the counterweight block and is in a disconnected state. After the counterweight block is separated from the shell, the button switch is in a closed state. The other button switch is fixed on the top surface of the inner cavity of the shell above the long rod. When the air hole is opened, the button switch is squeezed by the long rod and is in a disconnected state. When the air hole is closed, the button switch is detached from the long rod and is in a closed state. When the counterweight block is separated from the shell and the air hole is closed, the start-stop mechanism pulls the counterweight block to the bottom of the shell.

[0017] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0018] A sliding rod is fixed on the wire trough, and the sliding rod is located between the two rollers. A sliding block is provided on the sliding rod, and a circular ring is fixed on the upper end of the sliding block. The inner diameter of the circular ring is equal to the diameter of the rope. A plurality of blades are fixed on one end of the circular ring, and the blade of each blade faces the axis of the circular ring, and the distance between each blade and the axis of the circular ring is equal to the radius of the rope. The rope passes through the circular ring synchronously when passing through the wire trough, and the axis of the rope between the two rollers is a straight line. When the capstan rotates, the blade can cut and break the water plants wrapped around the rope to prevent the water plants from dragging the rope and making it impossible to reel in the rope.

[0019] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] (1) The present invention arranges the fixing points of the winch, the capstan and the shell at positions offset from the center of the shell, so that when a small amount of debris collides with the shell, the shell can swing to both sides at will, simulating a "sideways" action, so that the debris bypasses one side of the shell. The present invention cleverly utilizes the characteristics that the tension and gravity on the shell are not in the same position and the inertia of the debris when drifting, and can achieve the anti-blocking effect without the cooperation of other components. The structure is simple and practical.

[0021] (2) The present invention controls the opening and closing of the pores through the floating block and the magnet. When the shell is pushed downstream by a large amount of garbage, the wire trough can open the pores through the floating block, so that the square tube is filled with water and the shell dives. After the shell is separated from the debris, the floating block can control the counterweight block to separate from the shell, and the shell floats up. The shell avoids a large amount of debris floating on the river surface through the diving and floating actions. At the same time, in conjunction with the motor and two push switches, the existing battery on the monitor can be used to recover the counterweight block, thereby achieving the purpose of repeated work. The present invention is suitable for monitoring the quality of rivers with shallow water depths. The diving and avoiding action is ingeniously conceived, and the effect is significant and reliable.

[0022] (3) When the shell of the present invention dives to avoid a large amount of debris and blockage, the river water can also clean the solar panels fixed above the monitor during the diving process, thereby preventing the solar panels from being covered with dust and having a reduced power generation capacity after floating on the river for a long time. At the same time, the shell can also avoid birds from building nests above the monitor by diving from time to time, thereby improving the stability of the device during operation.

[0023] (4) The present invention also provides a crushing mechanism in the line groove. When the shell dives to reel in the rope, the blade can cut and crush the aquatic plants wrapped around the rope, thereby preventing the shell from floating for a long time and causing the winch to be unable to reel in the rope smoothly. This is in line with the actual situation and is more suitable for the work needs of outdoor detection points that are unattended for a long time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the state when the present invention is used;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the present invention after removing the anchor 8;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention after the cover plate 14 is removed;

[0027] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a parts diagram of the housing 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the wire trough 21, the roller 22, the baffle 23 and the slide bar 27 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0031] Legend: 1. Shell; 2. Cylinder; 3. Square cylinder; 4. Air hole; 5. Capstan; 6. Twisted rope; 7. First make way groove; 8. Anchor iron; 9. Reel; 10. Pull rope; 11. Second make way groove; 12. Counterweight; 13. Drum; 14. Cover plate; 15. Through hole; 16. Threaded hole; 17. Cross bar; 18. Magnet; 19. Long rod; 20. Float; 21. Wire groove; 22. Drum; 23. Stop rod; 24. Ratchet; 25. Paw; 26. Motor; 27. Sliding rod; 28. Sliding block; 29. ​​Ring; 30. Blade. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] See also Figure 1-7 The present invention provides a technical solution for a hydrological equipment operation anti-blocking and breaking device:

[0034] A hydrological equipment operation anti-blocking and breaking device comprises a shell 1, the shell 1 comprises a barrel 13, a cover plate 14 is fixed on the top of the barrel 13 by bolts, a through hole 15 is coaxially opened on the bottom of the barrel 13 and the cover plate 14, a cylinder 2 is inserted into the through hole 15, the inner wall of the cylinder 2 passes through the upper and lower end surfaces of the shell 1, a square cylinder 3 is arranged on the right side of the cylinder 2, the upper and lower end surfaces of the square cylinder 3 are respectively fixed on the upper and lower inner side surfaces of the shell 1, and the upper end surfaces of the cylinder 2 and the square cylinder 3 are both provided with sealing strips; when the cover plate 14 is installed on the barrel 13, the inner cavity of the shell 1 outside the cylinder 2 and the square cylinder 3 has good air tightness;

[0035] The shell 1 above the square tube 3 is provided with an air hole 4, and a control unit is provided below the air hole 4. The control unit includes a cross bar 17, which is hinged on the rear side wall of the square tube 3, a magnet 18 is fixed above the cross bar 17, a rubber pad is fixed above the magnet 18, a long rod 19 is fixed to the left end of the cross bar 17, and a floating block 20 is fixed to the left end of the long rod 19. When the cross bar 17 swings around the hinge axis, the floating block 20 moves up and down in the square tube 3. When the floating block 20 is not subjected to buoyancy, the cross bar 17 is in a horizontal state, the magnet 18 is adsorbed on the shell 1, and the rubber pad closes the air hole 4; the control unit can close the air hole 4 when there is no external force.

[0036] A capstan 5 is provided at the front side of the control unit, a rope 6 is wound around the capstan 5, a spring is provided between the capstan 5 and the housing 1, the spring always makes the capstan 5 rotate in the direction of winding the rope 6, a first clearance groove 7 is provided at the housing 1 below the capstan 5, a wire groove 21 is provided in the first clearance groove 7, the cross-sectional shape of the wire groove 21 is U-shaped, the wire groove 21 is hinged to the first clearance groove 7, and the opening of the wire groove 21 faces the right side, two rollers 22 are provided between the two side plates of the wire groove 21, the axes of the two rollers 22 are parallel to each other, and the hinge axis between the wire groove 21 and the first clearance groove 7 is coaxial with one of the rollers 22, The free end of the rope 6 passes through between the wire groove 21 and the drum 22; when the angle between the rope 6 below the shell 1 and the plumb line changes, the rope 6 will drive the wire groove 21 to rotate around the hinge axis, and the drum 22 can also prevent the rope 6 from rubbing against the shell 1, thereby extending the service life of the rope 6; a baffle 23 is fixed to one end of the wire groove 21 located inside the shell 1, and the baffle 23 will push the floating block 20 to move upward when the wire groove 21 rotates around the hinge axis; when the inclination angle of the rope 6 below the shell 1 reaches a limited value, the control unit opens the air hole 4, water enters the square tube 3, and the shell 1 dives;

[0037] A winding wheel 9 is provided on the left side of the control unit, and a pull rope 10 is wound on the winding wheel 9. A second clearance groove 11 is opened in the housing 1 below the winding wheel 9. The free end of the pull rope 10 extends downward from the housing 1 from the second clearance groove 11 and is fixed with a counterweight block 12. The weight of the counterweight block 12 is greater than the weight of the water when the square cylinder 3 is filled with water. A start-stop mechanism is provided on the rotating shaft of the winding wheel 9. The start-stop mechanism includes a ratchet 24, which is fixed on the rotating shaft of the winding wheel 9. A ratchet 25 is hinged on the wall, and the hinge point of the ratchet 25 and the square tube 3 is higher than the highest point of the ratchet 24, so that the ratchet 25 can always contact the ratchet 24 when no external force is applied; so that the counterweight 12 cannot be separated from the shell 1; the right end of the ratchet 25 extends to the right above the floating block 20, and the floating block 20 can push the ratchet 25 to separate from the ratchet 24 when it moves upward, so that when the square tube 3 is full of water, the control unit separates the counterweight 12 from the shell 1 through the start-stop mechanism, and the shell 1 floats;

[0038] A power unit is also provided on the rotating shaft of the winding wheel 9, and the power unit includes a motor 26. The motor 26 is fixed in the inner cavity of the shell 1 outside the square cylinder 3. The rotating shaft of the motor 26 extends into the square cylinder 3 and is coaxially fixed to the rotating shaft of the winding wheel 9. Two button switches are connected in series in the connection circuit of the motor 26. Both button switches are normally closed button switches. One of the button switches is fixed on the bottom surface of the shell 1. When the counterweight block 12 is not separated from the shell 1, the button switch is squeezed by the counterweight block 12 and is in an open state. After the counterweight block 12 is separated from the shell 1, the button switch is in a closed state. The other button switch is fixed on the top surface of the inner cavity of the shell 1 above the long rod 19. When the air hole 4 is opened, the button switch is squeezed by the long rod 19 and is in an open state. When the air hole 4 is closed, the button switch is separated from the long rod 19 and is in a closed state. When the counterweight block 12 is separated from the shell 1 and the air hole 4 is closed, the start-stop mechanism pulls the counterweight block 12 to the bottom of the shell 1.

[0039] There are multiple threaded holes 16 on the side wall of the cylinder 2, and bolts and sealing rings are arranged in the threaded holes 16. When in use, the monitor is placed in the cylinder 2, and the monitor housing is fixed to the cylinder 2 by bolts. The rubber ring prevents water from seeping through the threaded holes. The filter screen and sensor under the monitor are located below the shell 1.

[0040] A slide bar 27 is fixed on the wire groove 21, and the slide bar 27 is located between the two rollers 22. A slider 28 is provided on the slide bar 27, and a circular ring 29 is fixed on the upper end of the slider 28. The inner diameter of the circular ring 29 is equal to the diameter of the rope 6. A plurality of blades 30 are fixed at one end of the circular ring 29. The blade of each blade 30 faces the axis of the circular ring 29, and the distance between each blade 30 and the axis of the circular ring 29 is equal to the radius of the rope 6. The rope 6 passes through the circular ring 29 synchronously when passing through the wire groove 21, and the axis of the rope 6 between the two rollers 22 is a straight line. When the capstan 5 rotates, the blade 30 can cut and break the waterweed wrapped around the rope 6 to prevent the waterweed from dragging the rope 6 and making it impossible to reel in the rope 6.

[0041] Working principle:

[0042] When the present invention is used, the cover plate 14 is first removed from the housing 1, and then the cable of the existing buoy monitor is removed, and the monitor is placed in the cylinder 2, and the monitor is fixed to the cylinder 2 by bolts, and the sensor on the monitor is ensured to be located below the housing 1; the wire of the motor 26 is connected to the battery in the monitor, and finally the cover plate 14 is installed, and the air tightness of the inner cavity of the housing 1 outside the cylinder 2 and the square cylinder 3 is ensured to be good, and the anchor 8 is thrown into the river, and the anchor 8 and the rope 6 make the housing 1 float only in a circular area with the anchor 8 as the center;

[0043] When there is no debris in front of the housing 1, the spring makes the rope 6 approach a vertical state through the capstan 5. Although the first and second clearance grooves 7 and 11 are opened at the lower end of the housing 1 in the square tube 3, the air hole 4 is still closed by the rubber pad at this time, so the river water will not enter the square tube 3. The housing 1 and the monitor are in a floating state, and the floating block 20 does not lift the pawl 25 upward. The counterweight block 12 cannot be separated from the housing 1 under the action of the ratchet 24 and the pawl 25;

[0044] When there is a small amount of debris upstream of the shell 1, since the connection position between the rope 6 and the shell 1 is not located at the center of the shell 1, but at the right side of the shell 1, when the debris collides with the outer wall of the shell 1, the shell 1 will easily swing, and the shell 1 imitates the "sideways" action to make the debris bypass from one side of the shell 1, and the blockage of the debris can be avoided without the linkage of other parts;

[0045] When there are a lot of debris upstream of the shell 1, the debris will cover the entire river surface, and the shell 1 cannot avoid the debris by "turning sideways"; after the debris contacts the shell 1, it pushes the shell 1 to move downstream, the rope 6 is stretched, the spring accumulates force, and at the same time, the inclination angle of the rope 6 between the shell 1 and the anchor 8 continues to increase, and the rope 6 drives the line groove 21 to rotate in the first yielding groove 7. When the inclination angle of the rope 6 reaches a limited value, the baffle 23 fixed at the upper end of the line groove 21 contacts the floating block 20 and pushes the floating block 20 to move upward. The floating block 20 separates the rubber pad from the air hole 4 through the long rod 19 and the cross bar 17, and the air tightness above the square tube 3 is improved. The shell 1 is destroyed, and the river water enters the square cylinder 3 from the first and second give-way grooves 7 and 11. The air is continuously exhausted from the air holes 4. The buoyancy of the shell 1 decreases and begins to sink. Since the diameter of the air holes 4 is small, when the shell 1 is below the river surface, there is still air in the square cylinder 3 that has not been exhausted. At this time, the shell 1 has lost contact with the debris, and the debris continues to move downstream on the river surface. The shell 1 begins to reel in the rope 6 under the action of the spring. The shell 1 sinks while reeling in the rope 6. At this time, if there are water plants wrapped around the rope 6, when the rope 6 moves relative to the ring 29, the blade 30 will cut and break the water plants, so as to prevent the winch 5 from being unable to reel in the rope 6.

[0046] When all the air in the square cylinder 3 is exhausted, the floating block 20 pushes the pawl 25 to separate from the ratchet 24, and the one-way lock of the ratchet 24 and the pawl 25 on the reel 9 is released, and the counterweight 12 falls downward. Since the weight of the counterweight 12 is greater than the weight of the water when the square cylinder 3 is filled with water, the buoyancy of the shell 1 at this time is greater than the gravity, and the shell 1 begins to float up, and when the shell 1 floats on the river surface again, the draft of the shell 1 is less than the draft before diving; since the diameter of the air hole 4 is small, when the shell 1 floats on the river surface again, the liquid level in the square cylinder 3 is higher than the river water level, the air hole 4 continues to take in air, and the liquid level in the square cylinder 3 drops until the river water in the square cylinder 3 exerts a buoyancy on the floating block 20. The force is smaller than the suction force between the magnet 18 and the shell 1, the magnet 18 is adsorbed on the shell 1, the air hole 4 is closed, and part of the river water remains in the square tube 3; at this time, the counterweight 12 has been separated from the shell 1, the button switch at the bottom of the shell 1 is in a closed state, the magnet 18 is also in contact with the shell 1, and the button switch above the long rod 19 is also in a closed state, so the motor 26 is energized, and the motor 26 drives the counterweight 12 to move upward through the winding wheel 9 and the pull rope 10 until the counterweight 12 contacts the bottom of the shell 1, the button switch at the bottom of the shell 1 is disconnected again, and the motor 26 stops rotating, but the counterweight 12 cannot be separated from the shell 1 under the one-way locking of the ratchet 24 and the pawl 25;

[0047] When there is a small amount of debris upstream of the shell 1 again, the shell 1 can still "turn sideways" to bypass it; when there is a large amount of debris upstream of the shell 1, the air hole 4 can still be opened under the action of the wire groove 21, and the shell 1 dives to avoid the debris, and after the shell 1 floats again, as the liquid level in the square cylinder 3 drops, the magnet 18 can also close the air hole 4 again, and the motor 26 lifts the counterweight block 12 again, and the work cycle continues.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, technicians familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preventing blockage and breaking of hydrological equipment, characterized in that It comprises a shell (1), a cylinder (2) is arranged inside the shell (1), the inner wall of the cylinder (2) penetrates the upper and lower end surfaces of the shell (1), a square cylinder (3) is arranged on the right side of the cylinder (2), and the upper and lower end surfaces of the square cylinder (3) are respectively fixed to the upper and lower inner side surfaces of the shell (1); The shell (1) above the square cylinder (3) is provided with an air hole (4), and a control unit is provided below the air hole (4). The control unit can close the air hole (4) when no external force is applied; a capstan (5) is provided on the front side of the control unit, and a rope (6) is wound around the capstan (5). A spring is provided between the capstan (5) and the shell (1), and the spring always causes the capstan (5) to rotate in the direction of winding the rope (6). The free end of the rope (6) passes through the shell (1) downward and is fixed with an anchor (8). When the inclination angle of the rope (6) reaches a limited value, the control unit opens the air hole (4) and the shell (1) dives; the left side of the control unit A winding wheel (9) is provided, a pull rope (10) is wound around the winding wheel (9), a free end of the pull rope (10) extends downwardly out of the housing (1) and is fixed with a counterweight (12), the weight of the counterweight (12) being greater than the weight of water when the square cylinder (3) is filled with water, a start-stop mechanism is provided on the rotating shaft of the winding wheel (9), when the square cylinder (3) is filled with water, a control unit separates the counterweight (12) from the housing (1) through the start-stop mechanism, and the housing (1) floats up, when the counterweight (12) is separated from the housing (1) and the air hole (4) is closed, the start-stop mechanism pulls the counterweight (12) to the bottom of the housing (1) and fixes it.

2. The hydrological equipment operation anti-blocking and breaking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The housing (1) comprises a round barrel (13), a cover plate (14) is fixed on the top of the round barrel (13) by bolts, a through hole (15) is coaxially formed on the bottom of the round barrel (13) and the cover plate (14), the round barrel (2) is fixed between the two through holes (15), and the upper end surfaces of the round barrel (2) and the square barrel (3) are both provided with sealing strips; a second clearance groove (11) is formed on the housing (1) below the winding wheel (9), and the free end of the pull rope (10) extends out of the housing (1) from the second clearance groove (11); a plurality of threaded holes (16) are formed on the side wall of the round barrel (2), and bolts and sealing rings are provided in the threaded holes (16).

3. The hydrological equipment operation anti-blocking and breaking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The control unit comprises a cross bar (17), the cross bar (17) being hinged on the rear side wall of the square tube (3), a magnet (18) being fixed above the cross bar (17), a rubber pad being fixed above the magnet (18), a long rod (19) being fixed at the left end of the cross bar (17), a floating block (20) being fixed at the left end of the long rod (19), the floating block (20) moving up and down in the square tube (3) when the cross bar (17) swings around the hinge axis, the floating block (20) being not subjected to buoyancy, the cross bar (17) being in a horizontal state, the magnet (18) being adsorbed on the housing (1), and the rubber pad closing the air hole (4).

4. The hydrological equipment operation anti-blocking and breaking device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The housing (1) below the capstan (5) is provided with a first clearance groove (7), a wire groove (21) is provided in the first clearance groove (7), the cross-section of the wire groove (21) is U-shaped, the wire groove (21) is hinged to the first clearance groove (7), and the opening of the wire groove (21) faces the right side. Two rollers (22) are provided between two side plates of the wire groove (21), the axes of the two rollers (22) are parallel to each other, and the hinge axis between the wire groove (21) and the first clearance groove (7) is coaxial with one of the rollers (22), and the winch rope (6) passes between the wire groove (21) and the roller (22); a stop rod (23) is fixed to one end of the wire groove (21) located in the housing (1), and when the stop rod (23) rotates around the hinge axis with the wire groove (21), it pushes the floating block (20) to move upward.

5. The hydrological equipment operation anti-blocking and breaking device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The start-stop mechanism comprises a ratchet (24) which is fixed on the rotating shaft of the winding wheel (9). A ratchet pawl (25) is hinged on the left wall of the square tube (3). The hinge point between the ratchet pawl (25) and the square tube (3) is higher than the highest point of the ratchet (24), so that the ratchet pawl (25) can always contact the ratchet (24) when no external force is applied. The right end of the ratchet pawl (25) extends rightward to above the floating block (20). When the floating block (20) moves upward, the ratchet pawl (25) can be pushed to separate from the ratchet (24). A power unit is also provided on the rotating shaft of the winding wheel (9). The power unit can pull the counterweight block (12) to the bottom of the housing (1) when the counterweight block (12) is separated from the housing (1) and the air hole (4) is closed.

6. The hydrological equipment operation anti-blocking and breaking device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The power unit comprises a motor (26), the motor (26) being fixed to the inner cavity of the housing (1) outside the square cylinder (3), the rotating shaft of the motor (26) extending into the square cylinder (3) and being coaxially fixed with the rotating shaft of the winding wheel (9), two button switches being connected in series in the connection circuit of the motor (26), the two button switches being both normally closed button switches, one of the button switches being fixed to the bottom surface of the housing (1), being pressed by the counterweight (12) to be in an open state when the counterweight (12) is not separated from the housing (1), and being in a closed state after the counterweight (12) is separated from the housing (1), and the other button switch being fixed to the top surface of the inner cavity of the housing (1) above the long rod (19), being pressed by the long rod (19) to be in an open state when the air hole (4) is opened, and being in a closed state when the air hole (4) is closed.

7. The hydrological equipment operation anti-blocking and breaking device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A slide bar (27) is fixed on the wire groove (21), and the slide bar (27) is located between the two rollers (22). A slider (28) is provided on the slide bar (27), and a circular ring (29) is fixed on the upper end of the slider (28). The inner diameter of the circular ring (29) is equal to the diameter of the rope (6). A plurality of blades (30) are fixed on one end of the circular ring (29), and the blade of each blade (30) faces the axis of the circular ring (29). The distance between each blade (30) and the axis of the circular ring (29) is equal to the radius of the rope (6). When the rope (6) passes through the wire groove (21), it passes through the circular ring (29) synchronously, and the axis of the rope (6) between the two rollers (22) is a straight line.

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