Four-hammerhead two-way synchronous / one-way synchronous two-way asynchronous self-centering forging device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of metal forging forming, and particularly relates to a four-hammerhead two-way synchronous / one-way synchronous two-way asynchronous self-centering forging device, an upper hammerhead of the device is fixed on an upper anvil block capable of reciprocating up and down, and the left hammerhead and the right hammerhead are matched and positioned by a curved surface diamond pin and a sliding block distributed in an X shape; the sliding block can relatively slide along the inclined surface of the sliding block under the action of the driving mechanism; the upper hammerhead, the lower hammerhead, the left hammerhead and the right hammerhead are independently grouped and respectively move in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction; extension springs between the left hammerhead and the right hammerhead and the cross beam are matched with the upper anvil block to drive the four hammerheads to synchronously return back and forth in a reciprocating manner; furthermore, the two-way synchronous / one-way synchronous two-way asynchronous movement of the four hammerheads is realized by changing the angles of the contact surfaces of the hammerheads and the sliding blocks. According to the device, the structure of an existing four-hammer forging device can be simplified, self-centering of the device in the forging process is achieved, forming of blanks of various specifications can be achieved by adjusting the contact angle of the device, and the device is suitable for forging of non-ferrous metal and precious metal which are poor in plastic forming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of metal forging and forming, and in particular to a four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device. Background Art

[0002] Forging is a widely used metal billet forming processing method in industry. Traditional free forging is mostly about the relative movement of the upper and lower anvils, which leads to insufficient constraint on the forging during the forging process, which easily causes the billet to crack and the billet forming size cannot be guaranteed. Four-hammer forging uses two pairs of hammers to perform synchronous reciprocating forging on the radial direction of the workpiece. During the forging process, the billet is in a three-dimensional stress state and the heat generated by the high-frequency forging of the hammer can compensate for the heat lost to the environment by the billet. This feature is very suitable for the production of non-ferrous metals and precious metals with poor plastic forming and narrow processing temperature range; at the same time, the forging accuracy of four-hammer forging is very high. The dimensional deviation of the forging produced by four-hammer forging can reach about ±0.2mm, which greatly improves the shape and dimensional accuracy of the forging material and speeds up the production efficiency of the enterprise.

[0003] However, the existing four-hammer forging devices have the following disadvantages: (a) In most existing four-hammer forging devices, the lower hammer is directly fixed on the lower anvil, and the other three hammers move synchronously, which means that the blank can only be placed on the lower hammer, so the self-centering of the device cannot be achieved, which seriously affects the blank forming and dimensional accuracy; (b) There is also a four-hammer forging device that is a precision forging machine, which has a very complex structure. Each hammer requires a corresponding transmission mechanism, resulting in extremely high construction cost and subsequent maintenance cost; (c) The existing four-hammer forging devices are all bidirectional synchronous forging, which cannot achieve unidirectional synchronization and bidirectional asynchronism, resulting in limited application scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing devices, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous and bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device, which can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems; a simple unidirectional force loading structure is used to realize four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous and bidirectional asynchronous forging, which can not only realize the control of the forging force during the forging process, but also realize the self-centering of the device during the forging process to ensure the accuracy of the billet; further, by adjusting the inclined contact angle α between the upper anvil, the four hammers and the four sliders, the four hammers can realize unidirectional synchronous and bidirectional asynchronous movement, thereby expanding the application scenarios of the four-hammer forging device.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device, which includes an upper anvil, the upper anvil and the lower anvil guide column fixed on the lower anvil are connected through an axial hole, and an upper anvil bushing is installed between the upper anvil and the lower anvil guide column; the lower anvil is a guide groove structure, and the four lower anvil guide columns and the lower hammer curved diamond pin are mounted on the lower anvil; the lower anvil guide columns on both sides each fix two groups of cross beams, and the left and right cross beams are respectively mounted with the left hammer curved diamond pin and the right hammer curved diamond pin; the left and right hammers are respectively mounted with left and right hammer bushings, and a tension spring is installed between the cross beams and the left and right hammers; further, the left and right cross beams and the left and right hammers are respectively equipped with eight movable bolts symmetrically distributed front and back, and a tension spring is connected between every two symmetrically distributed movable bolts to connect the left and right cross beams and the left and right hammers.

[0006] The upper anvil and the lower anvil guide column are connected through an axial hole, and the upper hammer head, the upper left fixed slider, and the upper right fixed slider are mounted on the upper anvil; further, the upper hammer head is mounted on the center of the upper anvil, the upper left fixed slider and the upper right fixed slider are symmetrical relative to the center of the upper hammer head, and the left and right inclined surfaces of the upper anvil are respectively in contact with the outer side surfaces of the lower left movable slider and the lower right movable slider, and can slide relative to each other.

[0007] The left hammer head and the right hammer head are positioned by the left hammer head curved diamond pin and the right hammer head curved diamond pin respectively, and the left hammer head and the right hammer head are respectively mounted on the left lower movable slider and the right lower movable slider through the clamping block, and the upper sliding surfaces of the left hammer head and the right hammer head are respectively in contact with the sliding surfaces of the left upper fixed slider and the right upper fixed slider and can slide relatively, and the lower hammer head is positioned by the double inclined surface drive in cooperation with the lower hammer head curved diamond pin, and the inner sliding planes of the lower right movable slider and the lower left movable slider are in contact with the inclined surfaces on both sides of the lower hammer head and can slide relatively.

[0008] The upper hammer head, the lower hammer head, the left hammer head and the right hammer head are arranged in a right cross-interactive vertical space in a plane; the upper, lower, left and right four groups of hammer heads move synchronously toward the center under the unidirectional force driven by the upper anvil.

[0009] The upper left fixed slider, the upper right fixed slider, the lower left movable slider, and the lower right movable slider are provided with inclined wedges at the front and rear to limit the forward and backward movement of the four hammer heads; further, the contact surfaces are always kept in contact, and the contact surfaces with relative sliding are always in contact and are all equipped with self-lubricating slide plates.

[0010] Optionally, the surface positioning angle range of the left and right hammer curved diamond pins is 30° to 42°, and the surface normal of the curved diamond pin is perpendicular to the movement direction of the slider; the angle α of the upper anvil, four hammers, and four slider bevels is adjusted to 45° to 55°. When α is 45°, the four hammers perform bidirectional synchronous motion. When α is not equal to 45°, the four hammers perform unidirectional synchronous and bidirectional asynchronous motion.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by applying a unidirectional forming force through the upper anvil and cooperating with the tension spring to drive the four hammer heads to perform synchronous reciprocating retreat motion, the self-centering of the device is ensured, and the structure of the device is simplified, and the cost of production and subsequent maintenance is reduced. Furthermore, by changing the inclined surface angle α of the contact between the upper anvil, the four hammer heads, and the four sliders, the bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous and bidirectional asynchronous motion of the device can be simply and efficiently achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device; Figure 2 It is the front view and the front view AA section view of the four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the forging process of the anvil, four hammers and four slide blocks on the four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device, and the contact angle α is 45°; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the forging process of the anvil, four hammers and four slide blocks on the four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device, and the contact angle α is 48°; Figure 5 It is the right view of the left hammer head and the lower left movable slider and the CC and DD section views; Figure 6 It is the front view and EE section view of the lower hammer head and the lower hammer head curved diamond pin; Figure 7 It is the structure diagram of the lower left active slider; Figure 8 This is the structural diagram of the upper left fixed slider; Fig. 9 This is the structural diagram of the lower anvil; Fig.10 This is the structural diagram of the upper anvil; In the figure: 1. lower anvil; 2. lower anvil guide column; 3. crossbeam; 4. movable bolt; 5. tension spring; 6. upper anvil; 7. upper anvil bushing; 8. upper left fixed slider; 9. left hammer; 10. upper hammer; 11. upper right fixed slider; 12. right hammer; 13. self-lubricating slide; 14. lower right movable slider; 15. lower hammer; 16. lower left movable slider; 17. left hammer curved diamond pin; 18. left hammer bushing; 19. right hammer bushing; 20. right hammer curved diamond pin; 21. lower hammer curved diamond pin; 22. block; 23. lower hammer bushing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Based on the solution in the present invention, all other solutions obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0014] like Figure 1-3 As shown in Figures 5-10, a one-way-double-drive four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / one-way synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering radial forging device is provided, and its structure includes: the working position is positioned by the lower anvil 1, the four lower anvil guide columns 2 are mounted on the lower anvil 1, the upper hammer 10, the upper left fixed slider 8, and the upper right fixed slider 11 are mounted on the upper anvil 6, the upper anvil bushing 7 is mounted on the upper anvil 6, the sliding surfaces of the upper left fixed slider 8 and the upper right fixed slider 11 are always in contact with the upper sliding surfaces of the left hammer 9 and the right hammer 12 and have relative sliding; the sliding surface of the lower end of the upper anvil 6 is always in contact with the outer sliding planes of the lower left movable slider 16 and the lower right movable slider 14 and has relative sliding.

[0015] The two groups of cross beams 3 are mounted between the lower anvil guide columns 2 on the left and right sides, the left hammer curved diamond pin 17 and the right hammer curved diamond pin 20 are respectively mounted with the two groups of cross beams 3, the left hammer 9 and the right hammer 12 are respectively mounted with the left hammer bushing 18 and the right hammer bushing 19, and at the same time, a tension spring 5 is installed between the cross beam 3 and the left hammer 9 and the right hammer 12, and the tension spring 5 is fixed by the movable bolt 4, the cross beam 3 and the left hammer 9 and the right hammer 12.

[0016] The lower left movable slider 16 and the lower right movable slider 14 are respectively assembled with the left hammer head 9 and the right hammer head 12 through the clamping block 22, and the left hammer head 9 and the right hammer head 12 are respectively positioned and matched by the left hammer head curved surface diamond pin 17 and the right hammer head curved surface diamond pin 20, and the lower hammer head 15 is positioned by the inner side of the lower left movable slider 16 and the lower right movable slider 14 in cooperation with the lower hammer head curved surface diamond pin 21, and the inner sliding surfaces of the lower left movable slider 16 and the lower right movable slider 14 are always in contact with the side surface of the lower hammer head 15 and have relative sliding.

[0017] like Figure 3As shown, when the contact angle of the upper anvil, four hammer heads and four slider bevels is 45°; when the upper anvil 6 applies a downward unidirectional force, the upper anvil 6 drives the upper hammer head 10 and the upper left fixed slider 8 and the upper right fixed slider 11 to move downward, and at the same time drives the lower left movable slider 16 and the lower right movable slider 14 to slide to the right and left respectively, at the same time, the upper left fixed slider 8 and the lower left movable slider 16 cooperate to drive the left hammer head 9 to move to the right, the upper right fixed slider 11 and the lower right movable slider 14 cooperate to drive the right hammer head 12 to move to the left, and the lower left movable slider 16 and the lower right movable slider drive the lower hammer head 15 to move upward, when the upper anvil 6 applies an upward unidirectional force, relying on the pulling force of the tension spring 5 to cooperate with the upper anvil 6 to drive the device back to its original position, and the displacement of the four hammer heads is the same during the whole process to realize the bidirectional synchronous movement of the device. Example 2

[0018] like Figure 4 As shown, taking the contact angle of the upper anvil, four hammer heads and four sliders as 48° as an example, when the upper anvil 6 applies a downward unidirectional force, the upper anvil 6 drives the upper hammer head 10 and the upper left fixed slider 8 and the upper right fixed slider 11 to move downward by a displacement of y, then the upper left fixed slider 8 and the lower left movable slider 16 drive the left hammer head 9 to the right by a displacement of y / tan48°, the upper right fixed slider 11 and the lower right movable slider 14 drive the right hammer head 12 to the left by a displacement of y / tan48°, and the lower left movable slider 16 and the lower right movable slider 14 drive the lower hammer head 15 to the upward by a displacement of y. At this time, the upper hammer head 10 and the lower hammer head 15 make unidirectional synchronous motion, and the left hammer head 9 and the right hammer head 12 make unidirectional synchronous motion. The displacement difference of the two unidirectional synchronous motions is yy / tan48°, so as to realize the unidirectional synchronous and bidirectional asynchronous motion of the device.

[0019] The basic principles, main features and beneficial effects of the present invention are shown and described above; technicians in this industry should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions only describe the principles of the present invention. The present invention may have various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device, characterized in that: It comprises an upper anvil, which is connected with a lower anvil guide column fixed to the lower anvil through an axial hole, and an upper anvil bushing is installed between the upper anvil and the lower anvil guide column; the lower anvil is a guide groove structure, and four lower anvil guide columns and a lower hammer curved diamond pin are mounted on the lower anvil; two sets of crossbeams are fixed to the lower anvil guide columns on both sides, and the left and right crossbeams are respectively mounted with the left hammer curved diamond pin and the right hammer curved diamond pin; the left and right hammers are respectively mounted with left and right hammer bushings, and at the same time, tension springs are installed between the left and right crossbeams and the left and right hammers; The left and right cross beams and the left and right hammers are respectively equipped with four movable bolts symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides, and a tension spring is connected between every two symmetrically distributed movable bolts to connect the left and right cross beams and the left and right hammer heads; The upper hammer head, the upper left fixed slider and the upper right fixed slider are mounted on the upper anvil, the upper hammer head is mounted on the center of the upper anvil, the upper left fixed slider and the upper right fixed slider are symmetrical with respect to the center of the upper hammer head, and the sliding surfaces of the upper left fixed slider and the upper right fixed slider are in contact with the upper sliding surfaces of the left and right hammer heads and can slide relatively; the left and right inclined surfaces of the upper anvil are in contact with the outer side surfaces of the lower left movable slider and the lower right movable slider respectively and can slide relatively; The sliding groove of the lower anvil is equipped with a lower left movable slider and a lower right movable slider, the inner sliding planes of the lower left movable slider and the lower right movable slider are in contact with the lower sliding surfaces of the left and right hammer heads, and the lower left movable slider and the lower right movable slider are assembled with the left and right hammer heads through the clamping blocks; the inner sliding planes of the lower left movable slider and the lower right movable slider are in contact with the inclined surfaces on both sides of the lower hammer head and can slide relatively, and the curved diamond pin of the lower hammer head is assembled with the lower anvil; further, self-lubricating slides are installed on all contact surfaces with relative sliding.

2. A four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four groups of hammer heads, upper, lower, left and right, are arranged in a vertical cross in the plane.

3. The four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The four groups of hammer heads, upper, lower, left and right, move synchronously toward the center under the drive of the unidirectional force of the upper anvil.

4. The four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lower hammer head is driven by double inclined surfaces and is positioned in coordination with a curved diamond pin.

5. The four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper left fixed slider, the upper right fixed slider, the lower left movable slider, and the lower right movable slider are provided with inclined wedges at the front and rear to limit the forward and backward movement of the four hammer heads; further, the contact surfaces are always kept in contact.

6. The four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact angle α of the inclined surfaces among the upper anvil, the four hammer heads and the four slide blocks is adjusted between 45° and 55°. When α is 45°, the four hammer heads perform bidirectional synchronous motion. When α is not equal to 45°, the four hammer heads perform unidirectional synchronous motion and bidirectional asynchronous motion.

7. The four-hammer bidirectional synchronous / unidirectional synchronous bidirectional asynchronous self-centering forging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curved surface positioning angles of the left and right hammer head curved surface rhombus pins are 30° to 42°, and the curved surface normal of the curved surface rhombus pins is perpendicular to the moving direction of the slider.

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