Laser forging method and system based on laser flexible impact micro-expansion principle

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser forging method and system based on a laser flexible impact micro-expansion principle. The method comprises the steps that an electric arc welding device is started; a soft mold, an absorption layer and a restraint layer are sequentially arranged on the weld joint; the laser forging device is started, a forged pulse laser beam acts on the restraint layer, plasma is formed on the absorption layer, high-pressure shock waves are generated, when the shock waves are transmitted to the surface of the workpiece from the soft mold, the pressurization effect is generated, and deep plastic deformation is generated on the surface of the weld joint; the forging force can be effectively enhanced in a high-temperature welding joint area, and the problem that traditional laser forging force is insufficient in a high-temperature area is solved; the soft mold can adapt to the complex welding joint form, it is guaranteed that shock waves are evenly transmitted on the irregular surface, and the problem that a metal hammer cannot adapt to the complex welding joint form is solved; in addition, the high-temperature adaptability of the soft mold ensures that the soft mold can be kept stable in a high-temperature environment near a molten pool, so that the transmission effect of shock waves is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser forging, and in particular to a laser forging method and system based on the principle of laser flexible impact micro-expansion. Background Art

[0002] Traditional laser forging technology transmits laser irradiation to the workpiece surface through the constraint layer and the absorption layer, thereby generating shock waves to strengthen the weld joint. However, in the actual welding forging process, due to the high temperature environment, it is difficult for traditional methods to effectively apply the constraint layer and the absorption layer in the weld joint, especially in the area near the molten pool. As a result, the laser energy cannot be effectively transmitted in these high-temperature areas, resulting in insufficient laser forging force and significantly reduced strengthening effect. This problem is particularly prominent in the high-temperature area near the weld joint, which seriously affects the strengthening effect of the weld joint. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a laser forging method and system based on the principle of laser flexible impact micro-expansion. By introducing the principle of laser flexible impact micro-expansion, the limitations of traditional laser forging are broken, the difficulty in applying the constraint layer in the welding joint area, especially near the high-temperature molten pool, is solved, the forging force is significantly improved, and it can adapt to complex weld morphology and improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld joint.

[0004] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A laser forging method based on the principle of laser flexible impact micro-expansion, the method comprising the following steps: The arc welding device is started, and the wire is fed according to the set arc welding path and process parameters. The arc heat melts the welding wire on the substrate to form a weld. A soft mold, an absorbing layer and a constraining layer are sequentially arranged on the weld; The laser forging device is started, and laser shock forging is performed according to the set laser shock forging path and process parameters, so that the pulsed laser beam of the forging acts on the constrained layer, so that the absorption layer forms plasma and generates a high-pressure shock wave. When the shock wave is transmitted from the soft mold to the surface of the workpiece, a supercharging effect occurs, causing deep plastic deformation on the surface of the weld; Monitor the temperature and shock wave intensity of the welding area in real time, and adjust the working state of the laser forging device according to the real-time data to ensure the best coordination between laser irradiation and shock wave transmission.

[0005] Preferably, when the pulsed laser beam acts on the constrained layer, the constrained layer allows the laser energy to pass through and radiate to the absorption layer in a concentrated manner. The absorption layer quickly absorbs the laser energy and vaporizes instantly to form plasma. The plasma in the absorption layer continues to absorb the laser energy and accumulates, then expands rapidly, forming a violent expansion explosion phenomenon in a limited space, thereby generating a high-pressure shock wave. The shock wave propagates through the transmission path between the constrained layer and the soft mold. When the shock wave is transmitted from the soft mold to the surface of the workpiece, a pressurization effect occurs, which significantly enhances the force of the shock wave, enabling it to effectively penetrate the surface of the weld and produce deep plastic deformation.

[0006] Preferably, the soft mold is made of high temperature resistant polymer, rubber or composite material.

[0007] Preferably, a notch portion matching the cross-sectional shape of the weld is formed at the bottom of the soft mold.

[0008] Preferably, the absorption layer is made of a material with high absorption rate.

[0009] The present invention also provides a laser forging system based on the principle of laser flexible impact micro-expansion, which is used to implement the steps of a laser forging method based on the principle of laser flexible impact micro-expansion, wherein the system comprises an arc welding device, a laser forging device, a feedback control device, a constraint layer, an absorption layer and a soft mold; The arc welding device is used to start feeding the wire according to the set arc welding path and process parameters, so that the welding wire melts on the substrate to form a weld; The laser forging device is used to generate a pulsed laser beam and act on the constrained layer; The confinement layer is used to radiate the pulsed laser into the absorption layer; The absorption layer is used to form plasma and generate high-pressure shock waves; The soft mold is used to cause the shock wave to have a pressurization effect, so that it can effectively penetrate the surface of the weld and produce deep plastic deformation; The feedback control device is used to monitor the temperature and shock wave intensity of the welding area in real time, and adjust the working state of the laser forging device according to the real-time data to ensure the best coordination between laser irradiation and shock wave transmission.

[0010] Preferably, the feedback control device includes a temperature sensor and a stress sensor.

[0011] Preferably, the laser forging device comprises a laser source, and the laser source is used to generate pulsed laser with adjustable frequency, power and duration.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by arranging a soft mold, an absorption layer and a constraint layer on the surface of the weld, the present invention can effectively enhance the forging force in the high-temperature welding joint area, overcoming the problem of insufficient force of traditional laser forging in the high-temperature area; and the soft mold can adapt to the complex welding joint morphology, ensuring the uniform transmission of shock waves on irregular surfaces, avoiding the problem that the metal hammer head cannot adapt to the complex weld morphology; in addition, the high-temperature adaptability of the soft mold ensures that it can remain stable in the high-temperature environment near the molten pool, thereby enhancing the transmission effect of the shock wave. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The accompanying drawings further illustrate the present invention, but the contents in the accompanying drawings do not constitute any limitation to the present invention.

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of a laser forging method based on the laser flexible impact micro-expansion principle of one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a laser forging system based on the laser flexible impact micro-expansion principle of one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods.

[0016] A laser forging method based on the principle of laser flexible impact micro-expansion in this embodiment is shown in the attached Figure 1 , the method comprises the following steps: The arc welding device 8 is started, and the wire is fed according to the set arc welding path and process parameters. The arc heat melts the welding wire on the substrate 1 to form a weld 2. A soft mold 3, an absorption layer 4 and a constraint layer 5 are sequentially arranged on the weld 2; The laser forging device 9 is started, and the laser shock forging is performed according to the set laser shock forging path and process parameters, so that the pulsed laser beam 7 of the forging acts on the constrained layer 5, so that the absorption layer 4 forms a plasma 6 and generates a high-pressure shock wave. When the shock wave is transmitted from the soft mold 3 to the surface of the workpiece, a supercharging effect occurs, so that the surface of the weld 2 produces deep plastic deformation; The temperature and shock wave intensity of the welding area are monitored in real time, and the working state of the laser forging device 9 is adjusted according to the real-time data to ensure the best coordination between laser irradiation and shock wave transmission.

[0017] By arranging a soft mold 3, an absorption layer 4 and a constraint layer 5 on the surface of the weld 2, the present invention can effectively enhance the forging force in the high-temperature welding joint area, overcoming the problem of insufficient force of traditional laser forging in the high-temperature area; and the soft mold 3 can adapt to the complex welding joint shape, ensure the uniform transmission of shock waves on the irregular surface, and avoid the problem that the metal hammer head cannot adapt to the complex weld 2 shape; in addition, the high-temperature adaptability of the soft mold 3 ensures that it can remain stable in the high-temperature environment near the molten pool, thereby enhancing the transmission effect of the shock wave and improving the mechanical properties of the weld joint.

[0018] Preferably, when the pulsed laser beam 7 acts on the constrained layer 5, the constrained layer 5 allows the laser energy to pass through and radiate to the absorption layer 4 in a concentrated manner. The absorption layer 4 quickly absorbs the laser energy and vaporizes instantly to form a plasma 6. The plasma 6 in the absorption layer 4 continues to absorb the laser energy and accumulates, and then expands rapidly, forming a violent expansion explosion phenomenon in a limited space, thereby generating a high-pressure shock wave. The shock wave propagates through the transmission path between the constrained layer 5 and the soft mold 3. When the shock wave is transmitted from the soft mold 3 to the surface of the workpiece, a pressurization effect occurs, which significantly enhances the force of the shock wave, so that it can effectively penetrate the surface of the weld 2 and produce deep plastic deformation.

[0019] Therefore, when the pulsed laser beam 7 forms a shock wave after passing through the constraint layer 5, the absorption layer 4 and the soft mold 3, it first forges the weld 2, significantly improving the forging force, and can adapt to the complex shape of the weld 2, improving the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld joint. Since the soft mold 3 is resistant to high temperatures, it can work in a high temperature environment. The micro-expansion effect of the soft mold 3 can further enhance the transmission ability of the shock wave, so that even in a high temperature environment, the forging force can be effectively enhanced in the high temperature weld joint area, overcoming the problem of insufficient force of traditional laser forging in the high temperature area; and the absorption layer 4 can fit with the constraint layer 5, and the absorption and conversion rate of laser energy can be greatly improved.

[0020] Preferably, the soft mold 3 is made of a high temperature resistant polymer, rubber or composite material. The function of the soft mold 3 is to withstand and transmit shock waves. The soft mold 3 has a low impedance and can adapt to the shape of complex welded joints. When the shock wave is transmitted from the soft mold 3 material to the surface of the workpiece, a supercharging effect occurs, which significantly enhances the force of the shock wave, allowing it to effectively penetrate the surface of the welded joint and produce deep plastic deformation. Due to the high elasticity of the soft mold 3, it can adapt to complex welded joint shapes (such as curved surfaces, depressions, bends, etc.), ensuring the uniform transmission of shock waves in these irregular areas, avoiding the problem that the metal hammer head cannot apply uniform impact force under these complex shapes, thereby greatly improving the forging effect.

[0021] Preferably, the bottom of the soft mold 3 is provided with a notch 31 matching the cross-sectional shape of the weld 2. By providing the notch 31 matching the weld 2 at the bottom of the soft film 3 to adapt to the arched cross-sectional shape of the weld 2, the soft mold 3 is easily stuck on the weld 2.

[0022] Preferably, the absorption layer 4 is made of a material with high absorption rate, so that it can quickly absorb laser energy and vaporize in a short time to form plasma 6. The absorption layer 4 can also select a suitable coating or material according to different weld joint forms.

[0023] This embodiment also provides a laser forging system based on the principle of laser flexible impact micro-expansion, which is used to implement the steps of a laser forging method based on the principle of laser flexible impact micro-expansion, as shown in the attached Figure 2 , the system includes an arc welding device 8, a laser forging device 9, a feedback control device, a constraint layer 5, an absorption layer 4 and a soft mold 3; The arc welding device 8 is used to start feeding the wire according to the set arc welding path and process parameters, so that the welding wire is melted on the substrate 1 to form a weld 2; The laser forging device 9 is used to generate a pulsed laser beam 7 and act on the constrained layer 5; The confinement layer 5 is used to radiate the pulsed laser into the absorption layer 4; The absorption layer 4 is used to form plasma 6 and generate high-pressure shock waves; The soft mold 3 is used to make the shock wave produce a supercharging effect, so that it can effectively penetrate the surface of the weld 2 and produce deep plastic deformation; The feedback control device is used to monitor the temperature and shock wave intensity of the welding area in real time, and adjust the working state of the laser forging device 9 according to the real-time data to ensure the best coordination between laser irradiation and shock wave transmission.

[0024] Preferably, the feedback control device includes a temperature sensor and a stress sensor. The temperature and shock wave intensity of the welding joint area are monitored in real time by the temperature sensor and the stress sensor, and the working state of the laser source is adjusted according to the real-time data to ensure the best coordination between laser irradiation and shock wave transmission.

[0025] Preferably, the laser forging device 9 comprises a laser source, which is used to generate pulsed laser with adjustable frequency, power and duration.

[0026] The technical principle of the present invention is described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. These descriptions are only for explaining the principle of the present invention and cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention in any way. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art can associate other specific implementations of the present invention without paying creative labor, and these methods will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser forging method based on the principle of laser flexible impact micro-expansion, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: The arc welding device is started, and the wire is fed according to the set arc welding path and process parameters. The arc heat melts the welding wire on the substrate to form a weld. A soft mold, an absorbing layer and a constraining layer are sequentially arranged on the weld; The laser forging device is started, and laser shock forging is performed according to the set laser shock forging path and process parameters, so that the pulsed laser beam of the forging acts on the constrained layer, so that the absorption layer forms plasma and generates a high-pressure shock wave. When the shock wave is transmitted from the soft mold to the surface of the workpiece, a supercharging effect occurs, causing deep plastic deformation on the surface of the weld; Monitor the temperature and shock wave intensity of the welding area in real time, and adjust the working state of the laser forging device according to the real-time data to ensure the best coordination between laser irradiation and shock wave transmission.

2. The laser forging method based on the laser flexible impact micro-expansion principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the pulsed laser beam acts on the constrained layer, the constrained layer allows the laser energy to pass through and radiate to the absorbing layer. The absorbing layer quickly absorbs the laser energy and vaporizes instantly to form plasma. The plasma in the absorbing layer continues to absorb the laser energy and accumulates, then expands rapidly, forming a violent expansion explosion phenomenon in a limited space, thereby generating a high-pressure shock wave. The shock wave propagates through the transmission path between the constrained layer and the soft mold. When the shock wave is transmitted from the soft mold to the surface of the workpiece, a supercharged effect occurs, which significantly enhances the force of the shock wave, enabling it to effectively penetrate the surface of the weld and produce deep plastic deformation.

3. The laser forging method based on the laser flexible impact micro-expansion principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The soft mold is made of high temperature resistant polymer, rubber or composite material.

4. The laser forging device based on the laser flexible impact micro-expansion principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom of the soft mold is provided with a notch portion matching the cross-sectional shape of the weld.

5. The laser forging method based on the laser flexible impact micro-expansion principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The absorption layer is made of material with high absorption rate.

6. A laser forging system based on the principle of laser flexible impact micro-expansion, characterized in that: Steps for implementing a laser forging method based on the principle of laser flexible impact micro-expansion as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the system comprises an arc welding device, a laser forging device, a feedback control device, a constraint layer, an absorption layer and a soft mold; The arc welding device is used to start feeding the wire according to the set arc welding path and process parameters, so that the welding wire melts on the substrate to form a weld; The laser forging device is used to generate a pulsed laser beam and act on the constrained layer; The confinement layer is used to radiate the pulsed laser into the absorption layer; The absorption layer is used to form plasma and generate high-pressure shock waves; The soft mold is used to cause the shock wave to have a pressurization effect, so that it can effectively penetrate the surface of the weld and produce deep plastic deformation; The feedback control device is used to monitor the temperature and shock wave intensity of the welding area in real time, and adjust the working state of the laser forging device according to the real-time data to ensure the best coordination between laser irradiation and shock wave transmission.

7. The laser forging device based on the laser flexible impact micro-expansion principle according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The feedback control device includes a temperature sensor and a stress sensor.

8. The laser forging device based on the laser flexible impact micro-expansion principle according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The laser forging device comprises a laser source, which is used to generate pulsed laser with adjustable frequency, power and duration.

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