Solar cell conveying device

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of battery piece conveying, and discloses a solar battery piece conveying device which comprises a base, a conveying mechanism is installed at the upper end of the base and comprises two supporting rods and two swing rods, and the bottom ends of the supporting rods and the bottom ends of the swing rods are rotationally connected to the upper end of the base; according to the invention, the supporting plate is jacked and lifted upwards through the working extension of the air cylinder, so that the upper end of the supporting plate penetrates through the two conveying belts to be directly contacted with the lower end of a battery piece reaching a specified position, and the battery piece is lifted up to be separated from the conveying belts for grabbing, processing, packaging and the like of the battery piece; the battery piece is separated from the conveying belts through the lifting of the supporting plate without stopping the conveying belts; direct friction between the battery pieces and the conveying belt is avoided, the battery pieces can conveniently reach the designated position to be quickly separated from the conveying belt, subsequent procedures are carried out, the sliding blocks are slidably connected with the fixing base, the sliding blocks can slide in the length direction of the fixing base, the support and the supporting plate are driven to move, and the position of the supporting plate is adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar cell conveying, and in particular to a solar cell conveying device. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the solar energy industry, the production scale of solar cells continues to expand, and the demand for conveying devices is increasing. In order to improve production efficiency and meet the large market demand for solar cells, efficient, stable and highly automated conveying devices are needed to achieve fast and accurate conveying of cells between various production processes. The production process of solar cells is becoming more and more complicated, involving multiple processes such as texturing, diffusion, etching, coating, printing, etc. The conveying device needs to work closely with various production equipment.

[0003] In the process of conveying solar cells by traditional conveying devices, the cells are transported on the conveyor belt. When they need to be transported to the designated location for grasping, processing, packaging and other processes, the conveyor belt needs to be stopped. This not only reduces the efficiency of cell conveying, but also causes a load on the conveyor belt driving mechanism. In the process of conveying, the cells come into contact with impurities on the surface of the conveyor belt, which can easily cause uneven placement and cause conveying bumps, resulting in cell conveying damage.

[0004] Based on this, a solar cell conveying device is proposed herein to solve the above-mentioned problem. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell conveying device, and the object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A solar cell conveying device comprises a base, a conveying mechanism is installed on the upper end of the base, the conveying mechanism comprises two support rods and two swing rods, the bottom ends of the support rods and the swing rods are rotatably connected to the upper end of the base, the adjacent support rods and the swing rods are rotatably connected to two rollers, and a conveyor belt is rotatably connected between the two rollers;

[0007] The base is equipped with a lifting mechanism, which includes a fixed seat, which is fixed to the upper end of the base, the base is horizontally slidably connected to a sliding block, one side of the sliding block is fixed with a support seat, the support seat is vertically slidably connected to a bracket with an arc structure, the support end is vertically slidably connected to a support plate located below the connecting rod conveyor belt, one side of the bracket is fixed with a cross plate, the end of the cross plate is fixed with a cylinder, and the telescopic end of the upper end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end of the support plate;

[0008] A buffer mechanism is provided on the upper end of the support plate;

[0009] A debris removal mechanism is installed on one side of the conveyor belt;

[0010] An adjustment mechanism is installed on one side of the support seat.

[0011] Preferably, the buffer mechanism includes a connecting rod buffer column, the two buffer columns are rotatably connected to the upper end of the support plate and extend out of the upper surface of the support plate, the ends of the buffer columns are fixed with vertically arranged buffer rods, springs are fixed on both sides of the bottom end of the buffer rods, the ends of the two springs are fixed with support plates, the ends of the two support plates are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the support plate, a limiting rod is fixed to the inner side of the support plate, and the limiting rod is vertically slidably connected to the end of the bracket.

[0012] Preferably, the conveying mechanism further comprises a hydraulic cylinder, which is fixed to the upper end of the base, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to a connecting rod, and one end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the side wall of one of the support rods.

[0013] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment plate, which is fixed on one side of the bottom end of the bracket, the support seat is provided with a slide groove, the bottom end of the bracket is vertically slidably connected inside the slide groove, a bottom plate is fixed on one side of the bottom end of the support seat, the bottom plate is rotatably connected with a vertically arranged screw, and the upper end of the screw is threadedly connected to the adjustment plate.

[0014] Preferably, the lifting mechanism also includes a screw rod 1, which is rotatably connected to the inside of the fixed seat, the screw rod 1 is threadedly connected to the sliding block, a motor 1 is fixedly installed on one side of the fixed seat, and one end of the screw rod 1 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 1.

[0015] Preferably, the impurity removal mechanism includes a mounting frame, which is fixed to the outer wall of one of the support rods, and a transversely arranged cross frame is fixed at one end of the mounting frame, and scrapers are fixed at both ends of the cross frame. The cross-section of the scraper is a triangular structure, and one side of the two scrapers is respectively in contact with the end of the two conveyor belts.

[0016] Preferably, the impurity removal mechanism further comprises a connecting rod conductive column, wherein two of the conductive columns are respectively fixed at the ends of the two scrapers, and the bottom end of the conductive column is rotatably connected to an inclined ground wire, which passes through the base and extends out of the lower end of the base.

[0017] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0018] 1. The present invention extends the cylinder to lift the support plate upward, so that the upper end of the support plate passes through the two conveyor belts and directly contacts the lower end of the battery cell that has arrived at the specified position, lifts the battery cell and separates it from the conveyor belt, and is used for grabbing, processing, packaging and other tasks of the battery cell. The battery cell is separated from the conveyor belt by the lifting of the support plate, and there is no need to stop the conveyor belt, and no direct friction between the battery cell and the conveyor belt is caused, which facilitates the battery cell to quickly separate from the conveyor belt when it reaches the specified position and carry out subsequent processes. The sliding block is slidably connected to the fixed seat, and the sliding block can slide along the length direction of the fixed seat to drive the bracket and the support plate to move, and the position of the support plate can be adjusted so that the support plate can hold up the conveyed battery cell at different positions of the conveyor belt, so that the battery cell can reach the required position and separate from the conveyor belt during the conveying process, which is quick and convenient.

[0019] 2. When the pallet is extended by the cylinder to separate from the battery cell at the specified position, the two buffer columns at the upper end of the pallet contact the lower surface of the battery cell to lift the battery cell. At this time, due to the inertia generated by the battery cell during the rotation of the conveyor belt, the inertia generated by the movement of the battery cell during the process of the battery cell being lifted by the buffer column causes the two buffer columns to rotate, driving the buffer rod at the end of the buffer column to rotate and squeeze the spring. The elastic force generated by the spring buffers the buffer column to weaken the inertia generated by the movement of the battery cell, so that the battery cell can be more safely lifted by the pallet, providing a basis for the safe transportation of the battery cell.

[0020] 3. When the two conveyor belts rotate to transport the battery cells, the scraper contacts the conveyor belts to scrape off the impurities attached to the outer surface of the conveyor belts to prevent uneven placement of the battery cells and cause bumps in transportation. In the process of the scraper cleaning impurities, the static electricity generated by friction is guided to the ground wire through the conductive column, and then introduced into the earth by the ground wire to remove static electricity and avoid damage to the battery cells. The ground wire is connected to the conductive column through rotation. When the height of the conveyor belt is adjusted, the scraper and the conductive column are adjusted together, and the ground wire rotates with the conductive column to ensure that the ground wire is always in contact with the ground. Therefore, while scraping off the impurities on the conveyor belt, the static electricity on the conveyor belt is introduced into the earth to protect the battery cells during transportation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell conveying device provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism and the conveying mechanism of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism and the adjusting mechanism of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 The present invention Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A is shown;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the conveyor belt and impurity removal mechanism of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the impurity removal mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 The present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the back shown.

[0029] In the figure: 1. base; 2. lifting mechanism; 21. fixed seat; 22. screw rod 1; 23. sliding block; 24. support seat; 25. bracket; 26. cross plate; 27. support plate; 28. cylinder; 29. ​​motor 1; 3. conveying mechanism; 31. support rod; 32. roller; 33. conveyor belt; 34. rocker; 35. connecting rod; 36. hydraulic cylinder; 4. debris removal mechanism; 41. mounting frame; 42. cross frame; 43. conductive column; 44. ground wire; 45. scraper; 5. adjustment mechanism; 51. slide; 52. screw rod; 53. adjustment plate; 54. bottom plate; 6. buffer mechanism; 61. limit rod; 62. buffer column; 63. buffer rod; 64. support plate; 65. spring; 7. battery cell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] See also Figure 1 - Figure 7 As shown, a solar cell conveying device comprises a base 1, a conveying mechanism 3 is installed on the upper end of the base 1, the conveying mechanism 3 comprises two support rods 31 and two swing rods 34, the bottom ends of the support rods 31 and the swing rods 34 are rotatably connected to the upper end of the base 1, the adjacent support rods 31 and the swing rods 34 are rotatably connected to two rollers 32, and a conveyor belt 33 is rotatably connected between the two rollers 32; the solar cells 7 are placed on the two conveyor belts 33, and are conveyed by the rotation of the conveyor belts 33 to reach the specified position, the driving mechanism of the conveyor belt 33 is not output, and can be driven to rotate by a motor, the two support rods 31 and the two swing rods 34 are parallelograms and are rotatably arranged on the upper end of the base 1, the upper end height can be adjusted by rotating the support rods 31 and the swing rods 34, so as to adjust the height of the conveyor belt 33, so as to adjust the height of the conveyor belt 33 within a certain range for conveying the solar cells 7, so as to meet the conveying requirements of the solar cells 7;

[0032] The base 1 is provided with a lifting mechanism 2, which includes a fixed seat 21, which is fixed to the upper end of the base 1, and the base 1 is horizontally slidably connected with a sliding block 23, and a support seat 24 is fixed on one side of the sliding block 23, and the support seat 24 is vertically slidably connected with a bracket 25 of an arc structure, and the support end is vertically slidably connected with a support plate 27 located below the connecting rod conveyor belt 33, and a cross plate 26 is fixed on one side of the bracket 25, and a cylinder 28 is fixed on the end of the cross plate 26, and the telescopic end of the upper end of the cylinder 28 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the support plate 27, and the thickness of the support plate 27 is greater than the thickness of the conveyor belt 33; when working, when the battery cell 7 is transported to the specified position on the two conveyor belts 33, the cylinder 28 can be extended at this time to lift the support plate 27 upward, so that the upper end of the support plate 27 passes through the two conveyor belts 33. 3 directly contacts the lower end of the battery cell 7 that has arrived at the designated position, lifts the battery cell 7 and separates it from the conveyor belt 33, and is used for the grabbing, processing, and packaging of the battery cell 7. The battery cell 7 is separated from the conveyor belt 33 by the lifting of the support plate 27, and there is no need to stop the conveyor belt 33, and there will be no direct friction between the battery cell 7 and the conveyor belt 33, which is convenient for the battery cell 7 to reach the designated position and quickly separate from the conveyor belt 33 for subsequent processes. The sliding block 23 is slidably connected to the fixed seat 21, and the sliding block 23 can slide along the length direction of the fixed seat 21 to drive the bracket 25 and the support plate 27 to move, and the position of the support plate 27 can be adjusted so that the support plate 27 can lift the conveyed battery cell 7 at different positions of the conveyor belt 33, so that the battery cell 7 can reach the desired position and separate from the conveyor belt 33 during the conveying process, which is quick and convenient;

[0033] A buffer mechanism 6 is provided at the upper end of the support plate 27;

[0034] A debris removal mechanism 4 is installed on one side of the conveyor belt 33;

[0035] An adjustment mechanism 5 is installed on one side of the support seat 24 .

[0036] The buffer mechanism 6 includes a connecting rod buffer column 62, two buffer columns 62 are rotatably connected to the upper end of the support plate 27 and extend out of the upper surface of the support plate 27, and a vertically arranged buffer rod 63 is fixed to the end of the buffer column 62, and springs 65 are fixed on both sides of the bottom end of the buffer rod 63, and support plates 64 are fixed to the ends of the two springs 65. It should be noted that the spring 65 is a shock-absorbing spring, and the ends of the two support plates 64 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the support plate 27. A limit rod 61 is fixed on the inner side of the support plate 27, and the limit rod 61 is vertically slidably connected to the end of the bracket 25; when working, when the support plate 27 is extended by the cylinder 28 to break away from the specified When the battery cell 7 is in position, the two buffer columns 62 at the upper end of the support plate 27 contact with the lower surface of the battery cell 7 to lift the battery cell 7. At this time, due to the inertia generated by the transportation of the battery cell 7 during the rotation of the conveyor belt 33, when the battery cell 7 is lifted by the buffer columns 62, the inertia generated by the movement of the battery cell 7 causes the two buffer columns 62 to rotate, driving the buffer rod 63 at the end of the buffer column 62 to rotate and squeeze the spring 65. The elastic force generated by the spring 65 buffers the buffer column 62 to weaken the inertia generated by the movement of the battery cell 7, so that the battery cell 7 can be more safely lifted by the support plate 27, providing a basis for the safe transportation of the battery cell 7.

[0037] The conveying mechanism 3 also includes a hydraulic cylinder 36, which is fixed at the upper end of the base 1. The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 36 is rotatably connected to a connecting rod 35, and one end of the connecting rod 35 is rotatably connected to the side wall of one of the support rods 31. When it is necessary to adjust the height of the conveyor belt 33, the hydraulic cylinder 36 is extended and contracted to move the connecting rod 35, driving one of the support rods 31 to rotate slightly clockwise or counterclockwise. Under the action of the conveyor belt 33, the swing rod 34 is rotated together to adjust the height of the upper ends of the support rods 31 and the swing rod 34, thereby adjusting the height of the conveyor belt 33 to meet the transportation of battery cells 7 of different heights, and the support rod 31 is locked by the hydraulic cylinder 36 to support the conveyor belt 33.

[0038] The adjusting mechanism 5 includes an adjusting plate 53, which is fixed to one side of the bottom end of the bracket 25. The support seat 24 is provided with a slide groove 51. The bottom end of the bracket 25 is vertically slidably connected to the inside of the slide groove 51. A bottom plate 54 is fixed to one side of the bottom end of the support seat 24. The bottom plate 54 is rotatably connected to a vertically arranged screw rod 52, and the upper end of the screw rod 52 is threadedly connected to the adjusting plate 53. When the height of the conveyor belt 33 is adjusted by rotating the support rod 31, the upper end of the screw rod 52 can be manually rotated to drive the adjusting plate 53 to move up and down, thereby driving the lower end of the bracket 25 to move up and down in the slide groove 51 to adjust the height of the support plate 27 to adapt to the height-adjustable conveyor belt 33, so that the support plate 27 can lift the battery cell 7 that has reached the specified position.

[0039] In order to drive the sliding block 23 to slide, the lifting mechanism 2 also includes a screw rod 22, which is rotatably connected to the inside of the fixed seat 21, and the screw rod 22 is threadedly connected to the sliding block 23. A motor 29 is fixedly installed on one side of the fixed seat 21, and one end of the screw rod 22 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 29; when working, by starting the motor 29 to work forward and reverse, the screw rod 22 is driven to rotate, and the sliding block 23 is driven to slide along the length direction of the fixed seat 21, thereby driving the bracket 25 and the support plate 27 to move, and adjusting the lateral position of the support plate 27 to support the battery cells 7 at different positions transported on the conveyor belt 33.

[0040] The impurity removal mechanism 4 includes a mounting frame 41, which is fixed to the outer wall of one of the support rods 31, and a horizontally arranged horizontal frame 42 is fixed at one end of the mounting frame 41, and scrapers 45 are fixed at both ends of the horizontal frame 42. The cross section of the scraper 45 is a triangular structure, and one side of the two scrapers 45 is respectively in contact with the ends of the two conveyor belts 33. The impurity removal mechanism 4 also includes a connecting rod conductive column 43, and the two conductive columns 43 are respectively fixed to the ends of the two scrapers 45. The bottom end of the conductive column 43 is rotatably connected to an inclined ground wire 44, which passes through the base 1 and extends out of the lower end of the base 1. When working, in order to clean up impurities attached to the conveyor belt 33 in time, during the process of the two conveyor belts 33 rotating to transport the battery cells 7, the ground wire 44 is connected to the bottom end of the conductive column 43. The scraper 45 contacts the conveyor belt 33 to scrape off impurities attached to the outer surface of the conveyor belt 33 to prevent the battery cell 7 from being unevenly placed and causing conveying bumps. In the process of the scraper 45 cleaning impurities, the static electricity generated by friction is guided to the ground wire 44 through the conductive column 43, and then introduced into the earth by the ground wire 44 to remove static electricity and avoid damaging the battery cell 7. The ground wire 44 is rotatably connected to the conductive column 43. When the conveyor belt 33 is adjusted in height, the scraper 45 and the conductive column 43 are adjusted in height together, and the ground wire 44 rotates with the conductive column 43 to ensure that the ground wire 44 is always in contact with the ground. Therefore, while scraping off impurities on the conveyor belt 33, the static electricity on the conveyor belt 33 is introduced into the earth to protect the battery cell 7 during transportation.

[0041] Working principle: personnel place the battery cells on the conveyor belt 33 for transportation. When the battery cells 7 are transported to the designated position on the two conveyor belts 33, the cylinder 28 can be extended to lift the support plate 27 upward, so that the two buffer columns 62 are in contact with the lower surface of the battery cells 7 to lift the battery cells 7. At this time, due to the inertia generated by the battery cells 7 during the rotation of the conveyor belt 33, the battery cells 7 are lifted by the buffer columns 62. The inertia generated by the movement of the battery cells 7 causes the two buffer columns 62 to rotate, driving the buffer rod 63 at the end of the buffer column 62 to rotate and squeeze the spring 65. The elastic force generated by the spring 65 buffers the buffer column 62 to weaken the inertia generated by the movement of the battery cells 7, so that the battery cells 7 are more safely lifted by the support plate 27, and the battery cells 7 are lifted and separated. The conveyor belt 33 is used for grabbing, processing, and packaging of the battery cells 7. The sliding block 23 slides along the length direction of the fixed seat 21 to drive the bracket 25 and the support plate 27 to move. The position of the support plate 27 is adjusted so that the support plate 27 can lift the conveyed battery cells 7 at different positions of the conveyor belt 33, so that the battery cells 7 can reach the required position and detach from the conveyor belt 33 during the conveying process. When the two conveyor belts 33 rotate to convey the battery cells 7, the scraper 45 contacts the conveyor belt 33 to scrape off impurities attached to the outer surface of the conveyor belt 33 to prevent the battery cells 7 from being unevenly placed and causing transportation bumps. In the process of cleaning impurities with the scraper 45, the static electricity generated by friction is guided to the ground wire 44 through the conductive column 43, and then guided to the earth by the ground wire 44 to remove static electricity and avoid damage to the battery cells 7.

[0042] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to only specific implementation methods. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A solar cell conveying device, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: A conveying mechanism (3) is installed at the upper end of the base (1), and the conveying mechanism (3) comprises two support rods (31) and two swing rods (34), the bottom ends of the support rods (31) and the swing rods (34) are rotatably connected to the upper end of the base (1), and adjacent support rods (31) and swing rods (34) are rotatably connected to two rollers (32), and a conveyor belt (33) is rotatably connected between the two rollers (32); The base (1) is provided with a lifting mechanism (2), and the lifting mechanism (2) comprises a fixed seat (21), the fixed seat (21) is fixed to the upper end of the base (1), the base (1) is horizontally slidably connected to a sliding block (23), one side of the sliding block (23) is fixed with a support seat (24), the support seat (24) is vertically slidably connected to a bracket (25) of an arc structure, the support end is vertically slidably connected to a support plate (27) located below the connecting rod conveyor belt (33), one side of the bracket (25) is fixed with a transverse plate (26), the end of the transverse plate (26) is fixed with a cylinder (28), and the telescopic end of the upper end of the cylinder (28) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the support plate (27); A buffer mechanism (6) is provided at the upper end of the support plate (27); A debris removal mechanism (4) is installed on one side of the conveyor belt (33); An adjustment mechanism (5) is installed on one side of the support seat (24).

2. A solar cell conveying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer mechanism (6) comprises a connecting rod buffer column (62), the two buffer columns (62) are rotatably connected to the upper end of the support plate (27) and extend out of the upper surface of the support plate (27), the ends of the buffer columns (62) are fixed with vertically arranged buffer rods (63), both sides of the bottom ends of the buffer rods (63) are fixed with springs (65), the ends of the two springs (65) are fixed with support plates (64), the ends of the two support plates (64) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the support plate (27), and a limiting rod (61) is fixed on the inner side of the support plate (27), and the limiting rod (61) is vertically slidably connected to the end of the bracket (25).

3. A solar cell conveying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying mechanism (3) further comprises a hydraulic cylinder (36), wherein the hydraulic cylinder (36) is fixed to the upper end of the base (1), and the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder (36) is rotatably connected to a connecting rod (35), and one end of the connecting rod (35) is rotatably connected to the side wall of one of the support rods (31).

4. The solar cell conveying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting mechanism (5) comprises an adjusting plate (53), the adjusting plate (53) being fixed to one side of the bottom end of the bracket (25), the supporting seat (24) being provided with a slide groove (51), the bottom end of the bracket (25) being vertically slidably connected inside the slide groove (51), a bottom plate (54) being fixed to one side of the bottom end of the supporting seat (24), the bottom plate (54) being rotatably connected to a vertically arranged screw rod (52), the upper end of the screw rod (52) being threadedly connected to the adjusting plate (53).

5. The solar cell conveying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (2) also includes a screw rod (22), which is rotatably connected to the inside of the fixed seat (21), and the screw rod (22) is threadedly connected to the sliding block (23). A motor (29) is fixedly installed on one side of the fixed seat (21), and one end of the screw rod (22) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor (29).

6. The solar cell conveying device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impurity removal mechanism (4) comprises a mounting frame (41), the mounting frame (41) being fixed to the outer wall of one of the support rods (31), a transversely arranged cross frame (42) being fixed to one end of the mounting frame (41), scrapers (45) being fixed to both ends of the cross frame (42), the scrapers (45) having a triangular cross section, and one side of the two scrapers (45) respectively being in contact with the ends of the two conveyor belts (33).

7. A solar cell conveying device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The impurity removal mechanism (4) also includes a connecting rod conductive column (43), and two conductive columns (43) are respectively fixed on two The end of a scraper (45) is connected to the bottom end of the conductive column (43), which is rotatably connected to an inclined ground wire (44). The ground wire (44) passes through the base (1) and extends out of the lower end of the base (1).

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