Oil cake bio-organic fertilizer as well as aerobic fermentation process and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil cake bio-organic fertilizer and an aerobic fermentation process and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, the oil cake bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials by weight: 10-15 parts of charcoal, 80-105 parts of oil cake, 20-45 parts of plant ash, 3-10 parts of nano silicon powder, 30-45 parts of mushroom dreg, and 2-15 parts of a microbial agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) crushing mushroom dregs, uniformly mixing the crushed mushroom dregs with charcoal, oil cakes, plant ash and nano silicon powder, and carrying out primary aerobic composting fermentation to obtain a primary aerobic composting fermentation product; and (2) mixing the primary aerobic composting fermentation product with a microbial agent, carrying out secondary solid fermentation, adding water for extraction after fermentation is finished, and drying to obtain the oil cake bio-organic fertilizer. The raw materials of the oil cake organic fertilizer are fermented twice, so that the bioavailability of the organic fertilizer can be effectively improved, and the remediation capability of the product on soil is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and in particular relates to an oil cake bio-organic fertilizer and an aerobic fermentation process and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Oil cake refers to a type of organic fertilizer made from the residue after various seeds with high oil content are squeezed and deoiled. These residues mostly come from rapeseed, cottonseed, bean cake, sesame, peanut and other plant seeds with high oil content. During the squeezing process, the oil in these seeds is extracted, and the remaining residue forms oil cake. Oil cake contains high organic matter components, such as crude protein, amino acids, etc., as well as nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. For example, rapeseed cake is about 60% of the residual cake left after rapeseed oil is squeezed, with an average crude protein content of 35% to 38%, nitrogen 4.64%, phosphorus 2.48%, and potassium 1.40%. These ingredients make oil cake a high-quality organic fertilizer that provides crops with the necessary nutrients. But at the same time, the fragrance of oil cake itself is easy to attract underground pests, which may lead to aggravation of crop diseases and pests. Therefore, it is necessary to combine shallow turning and the use of pesticides to kill underground pests during use, but this will also increase agricultural production costs and time investment. Moreover, the organic matter and nutrients in oil cake cannot be directly used by crops after being applied to the soil. They need to be decomposed and transformed by microorganisms. If oil cake is applied to the soil without being fully fermented, it may cause crop root and seedling burns and affect crop growth. However, under natural fermentation, its decomposition degree is completely restricted by natural seasonal climate conditions and time, so it is difficult to control the quality of fermented and decomposed fertilizer.

[0003] Aerobic fermentation is a process that uses microorganisms to decompose organic matter under aerobic conditions, aiming to convert agricultural waste into efficient and environmentally friendly organic fertilizer. Aerobic fermentation technology has been widely used in the production of oil cake organic fertilizer. It can quickly convert organic waste into stable humus and improve soil fertility. After years of research and development and practice, aerobic fermentation technology has formed a relatively mature technical system in the production of oil cake organic fertilizer, including the selection of fermentation equipment and the control of fermentation conditions.

[0004] Aerobic fermentation technology plays an important role in reducing agricultural waste pollution and promoting resource recycling. Through fermentation treatment, wastes such as oil cakes can be converted into organic fertilizers, reducing environmental pollution and improving resource utilization efficiency. But at the same time, a large amount of malodorous gases, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, will be produced during aerobic fermentation. These gases will not only pollute the environment, but also affect the quality of life of surrounding residents. In order to reduce the emission of malodorous gases, it is necessary to increase the investment in pollution control equipment, improve the sealing of the fermentation process and the gas collection efficiency. In addition, during the fermentation process, some nutrients (such as nitrogen) may be discharged with the ventilation airflow, resulting in nutrient loss.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide an oil cake bio-organic fertilizer fermentation method that is environmentally friendly, can reduce nutrient loss, and reduce the problem of pests and diseases caused by oil cake is a technical problem that technicians in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an oil cake bio-organic fertilizer and an aerobic fermentation process and application thereof.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A kind of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0009] 10-15 parts of biochar, 80-105 parts of oil cake, 20-45 parts of wood ash, 3-10 parts of nano silicon powder, 30-45 parts of fungus residue, and 2-15 parts of microbial agent.

[0010] Beneficial effects: The present invention uses oil cake as the main raw material, which is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. These elements are the basis for crop growth. The organic matter in the oil cake is more easily absorbed and utilized by crops after fermentation. At the same time, the present invention also adds fungus residue, which contains nutrients such as N, P, K and beneficial substances such as crude protein and amino acids. These substances have a significant promoting effect on the growth of crops. When oil cake and fungus residue are mixed to form organic fertilizer, the nutrients and organic matter they contain can complement each other to form a comprehensive nutritional system to meet various needs of crop growth. In addition, these organic substances can form a stable granular structure in the soil, improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, and at the same time can reduce the density of the soil, making the soil more loose, which is conducive to the growth and development of the root system of crops. It can also improve the water retention capacity of the soil, reduce the evaporation and loss of water, and provide a stable water supply for crops.

[0011] Preferably, the biochar is obtained by pyrolyzing plant straw at 500-700° C. for 40-50 min.

[0012] Preferably, the particle size of the nano silicon powder is 200-500 mesh, and the content of silicon dioxide is greater than 95%.

[0013] Preferably, one or more of thermophilic Bacillus, Lactobacillus zeae, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces pyrrosinus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus licheniformis.

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Streptomyces pyrrosinum and lactic acid bacteria is (1-3):(0.5-1.5):(1-5):(2-4):(3-7):(2-6):(1-3).

[0015] Preferably, 1-10 parts of nutritional aids are also included.

[0016] More preferably, the nutritional supplement is an amino acid solution;

[0017] The amino acid liquid has total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P205) and total potassium (K2O) contents of 150 g / L, 2.0 g / L and 1.5 g / L respectively, organic matter of 400 g / L, and free amino acid concentration of 160 g / L.

[0018] Beneficial effects: The biochar in the present invention has a porous structure, and the nano silicon powder is a carrier of multiple strains. The two can be added together to load the microbial agent, effectively utilizing the fertility of biochar and silicon in the soil, while improving the activity and enrichment of the strains in the soil, and enhancing the ability of organic fertilizer to repair the soil. In addition, the oil cake in the present invention contains a large amount of organic matter, which can be effectively decomposed into small molecular compounds after aerobic fermentation by the microbial agent in the present invention, thereby facilitating plant absorption and improving the bioavailability of organic fertilizer.

[0019] Preferably, the selected mushroom residue is a major by-product of edible mushroom production.

[0020] An aerobic fermentation process for oil cake bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0021] (1) crushing the fungus residue, mixing it evenly with biochar, oil cake, plant ash, and nano silicon powder, and subjecting it to primary aerobic composting fermentation to obtain a primary aerobic composting fermentation product;

[0022] (2) The primary aerobic composting fermentation product is mixed with a microbial agent and subjected to secondary solid fermentation. After the fermentation is completed, water is added for extraction, and then the mixture is dried to obtain the oil cake bio-organic fertilizer.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The present invention firstly subjects the raw materials to aerobic composting fermentation, and utilizes the naturally existing microorganisms in the oil cake and the fungus residue to a fermentation treatment to preliminarily decompose the macromolecular organic matter in the oil cake and the fungus residue. However, the microbial components in the raw materials are mixed and do not have a scientific proportion. Therefore, the present invention subjects the raw materials to high-temperature sterilization treatment after aerobic composting fermentation, and re-adds the microbial agent after adjusting the strain types and the ratio of each strain, and simultaneously conducts aerobic fermentation to further ferment and decompose the raw materials, and promotes the enrichment and activity of the microbial agent.

[0024] Preferably, the pulverization in step (1) is pulverization to a particle size of less than 0.3 mm.

[0025] Preferably, during the primary aerobic composting fermentation in step (1), the compost is turned on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th days respectively, and the composting time is 25 days.

[0026] Preferably, the temperature of the aerobic fermentation in step (2) is room temperature.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The present invention greatly improves the activity of microbial agents by controlling the temperature curve of aerobic fermentation, promotes their ability to decompose organic matter, and thus improves the bioavailability of organic fertilizers.

[0028] Preferably, the moisture content of the aerobic fermentation in step (2) is controlled at 25-35%, the pH value is 7-8, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is (25-35):1, and the compost is turned once every 24 hours.

[0029] Preferably, the water extraction is to add 3 times the mass of water and extract at 35-45° C. for 2-5 hours.

[0030] Beneficial effects: The present invention extracts the fermentation product obtained after aerobic fermentation with water, so that water-soluble substances are further precipitated from organic raw materials such as oil cake, and then adsorbed by porous materials such as biochar and other fermentation residues, thereby improving the uniformity of water-soluble substances in oil cake organic fertilizer and improving its slow-release effect.

[0031] Application of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0033] The present invention ferments the oil cake organic fertilizer raw material twice, utilizes the microorganisms in the oil cake to preliminarily decompose the biomass raw material during the aerobic composting fermentation process, sterilizes it at high temperature to kill the eggs and harmful bacteria therein, and then utilizes the microbial agent of the present invention to perform aerobic fermentation, which can further decompose the organic matter in the biomass raw material into small molecules, improve the bioavailability of the organic fertilizer, and at the same time can improve the activity of the microbial agent, ensure the enrichment of the microbial agent, and improve the product's ability to repair the soil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials in the examples of the present invention were purchased from commercial sources;

[0037] The plant straw used in the embodiment of the present invention is corn straw;

[0038] The particle size of the nano silicon powder in the embodiment of the present invention is 200-500 mesh, wherein the content of silicon dioxide is greater than 95%;

[0039] Mushroom residue is the remaining culture medium after edible fungus cultivation.

[0040] Thermophilic Bacillus in the microbial agent was purchased from Beijing Anjielong Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0041] Lactobacillus zeae was purchased from Wuhan Huaerna Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0042] Bacillus subtilis was purchased from Guangzhou Zhenwei Microbiology Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0043] Enterococcus faecalis was purchased from Wuhan Huaerna Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0044] Bacillus licheniformis was purchased from Wuhan Huaerna Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0045] Streptomyces Act12 was prepared by solid-state fermentation of Streptomyces Act12, and the number of viable bacteria in the inoculum was 2.0×10 9 cfu / g. The bacterium is a multifunctional actinomycete screened by the Microbial Resources Research Laboratory from more than 10,000 actinomycetes isolated from the soil of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau. It was identified as Streptomyces pactum by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The bacterium has good antibacterial, disease-resistant, detoxifying and growth-promoting effects.

[0046] Unless otherwise specified, the room temperature or normal temperature in the embodiments of the present invention refers to 25±3°C.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] A kind of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0049] 13 parts of biochar, 90 parts of oil cake, 33 parts of wood ash, 7 parts of nano silicon powder, 30 parts of fungus residue, and 3 parts of microbial agent.

[0050] The biochar was obtained by pyrolysis of plant straw at 600°C for 45 min.

[0051] The microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Streptomyces pyrrosinum and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 2:1:3:2:5:4:1.

[0052] An aerobic fermentation process for oil cake bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0053] (1) crushing the mushroom residue to a particle size of less than 0.3 mm, mixing it evenly with biochar, oil cake, plant ash, and nano-silicon powder, and performing aerobic composting fermentation, wherein the compost is turned on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, and 25th days during the aerobic composting fermentation process, and the composting time is 25 days to obtain a primary aerobic composting fermentation product;

[0054] (2) mixing the primary aerobic composting fermentation product with a microbial agent and performing aerobic fermentation at room temperature, wherein the moisture content is controlled at 25-35%, the pH value is 7-8, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is (25-35):1, and the compost is turned once every 24 hours. After the fermentation is completed, 3 times the mass of water is added and extracted at 40° C. for 3 hours, and then dried to obtain the oil cake bio-organic fertilizer.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] A kind of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0057] 10 parts of biochar, 105 parts of oil cake, 20 parts of wood ash, 3 parts of nano silicon powder, 35 parts of fungus residue, and 8 parts of microbial agent.

[0058] The biochar was obtained by pyrolyzing plant straw at 500°C for 50 min.

[0059] The microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Streptomyces pyrrosinum and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1.5:5:4:7:2:3.

[0060] An aerobic fermentation process for oil cake bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0061] (1) crushing the fungus residue to a particle size of less than 0.3 mm, mixing it evenly with biochar, oil cake, plant ash, and nano-silicon powder, and subjecting it to primary aerobic composting fermentation, and then subjecting it to high-temperature sterilization at 70-80° C., wherein during the aerobic composting fermentation process, the compost is turned on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, and 25th days, respectively, and the composting time is 25 days, thereby obtaining a primary aerobic composting fermentation product;

[0062] (2) mixing the primary aerobic composting fermentation product with a microbial agent and then performing aerobic fermentation at room temperature, wherein the moisture content is controlled at 25-35%, the pH value is 7-8, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is (25-35):1, and the compost is turned once every 24 hours. After the fermentation is completed, 3 times the mass of water is added and extracted at 35-45° C. for 4 hours, and then dried to obtain the oil cake bio-organic fertilizer.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] A kind of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0065] 11 parts of biochar, 100 parts of oil cake, 35 parts of wood ash, 9 parts of nano silicon powder, 45 parts of fungus residue, and 4 parts of microbial agent.

[0066] The biochar was obtained by pyrolysis of plant straw at 650°C for 43 min.

[0067] The microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Streptomyces pyrrosinum and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 3:0.5:1:3:4:5:2.

[0068] An aerobic fermentation process for oil cake bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0069] (1) crushing biochar, oil cake and fungus residue to a particle size of less than 0.3 mm, mixing them with plant ash and nano-silicon powder, and subjecting them to primary aerobic composting and fermentation, and then subjecting them to high-temperature sterilization at 70-80° C., wherein during the aerobic composting and fermentation process, the compost is turned on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th days respectively, and the composting time is 25 days, thereby obtaining a primary aerobic composting and fermentation product;

[0070] (2) mixing the primary aerobic composting fermentation product with a microbial agent and then performing aerobic fermentation at room temperature, wherein the moisture content is controlled at 25-35%, the pH value is 7-8, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is (25-35):1, and the compost is turned once every 24 hours. After the fermentation is completed, 3 times the mass of water is added and extracted at 35-45° C. for 3 hours, and then dried to obtain the oil cake bio-organic fertilizer.

[0071] Example 4

[0072] A kind of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0073] 15 parts of biochar, 80 parts of oil cake, 45 parts of wood ash, 10 parts of nano silicon powder, 40 parts of fungus residue, and 15 parts of microbial agent.

[0074] The biochar was obtained by pyrolysis of plant straw at 700 °C for 40 min.

[0075] The microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Streptomyces pyrrosinum and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1.5:0.8:4:2:6:6:1.5.

[0076] An aerobic fermentation process for oil cake bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0077] (1) crushing biochar, oil cake and fungus residue to a particle size of less than 0.3 mm, mixing them with plant ash and nano-silicon powder, and subjecting them to primary aerobic composting and fermentation, and then subjecting them to high-temperature sterilization at 70-80° C., wherein aeration is performed for 5 minutes per hour during the aerobic composting and fermentation process, and the compost is turned on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th days respectively, and the composting time is 25 days, thereby obtaining a primary aerobic composting and fermentation product;

[0078] (2) mixing the primary aerobic composting fermentation product with a microbial agent and then performing aerobic fermentation at room temperature, wherein the moisture content is controlled at 25-35%, the pH value is 7-8, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is (25-35):1, and the compost is turned once every 24 hours. After the fermentation is completed, 3 times the mass of water is added and extracted at 35-45° C. for 2 hours, and then dried to obtain the oil cake bio-organic fertilizer.

[0079] Example 5

[0080] A kind of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0081] 12 parts of biochar, 85 parts of oil cake, 25 parts of wood ash, 4 parts of nano silicon powder, 38 parts of fungus residue, 10 parts of microbial agent and 8 parts of nutritional additives.

[0082] The biochar was obtained by pyrolysis of plant straw at 550°C for 480 min.

[0083] The microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, Aspergillus niger, Streptomyces pyrrosinum and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 2.5:1.3:2:4:5:2.5.

[0084] The nutritional additive is amino acid liquid, in which the contents of total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P205) and total potassium (K2O) are 150g / L, 2.0g / L and 1.5g / L respectively, the organic matter is 400g / L, and the free amino acid concentration is 160g / L.

[0085] An aerobic fermentation process for oil cake bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0086] (1) crushing biochar, oil cake and fungus residue to a particle size of less than 0.3 mm, mixing them with plant ash and nano-silicon powder, and subjecting them to primary aerobic composting and fermentation, and then subjecting them to high-temperature sterilization at 70-80° C., wherein during the aerobic composting and fermentation process, the compost is turned on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th days respectively, and the composting time is 25 days, thereby obtaining a primary aerobic composting and fermentation product;

[0087] (2) mixing the primary aerobic composting fermentation product, microbial agent and nutritional additive and then performing aerobic fermentation at room temperature, wherein the moisture content is controlled at 25-35%, the pH value is 7-8, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is (25-35):1, and the compost is turned once every 24 hours. After the fermentation is completed, 3 times the mass of water is added and extracted at 35-45° C. for 5 hours, and then dried to obtain the oil cake bio-organic fertilizer.

[0088] Comparative Example 1

[0089] A bio-organic fertilizer made of oil cake, which is different from Example 1 only in that biochar is not included. The rest of the raw materials are the same as those in Example 1.

[0090] An aerobic fermentation process for oil cake bio-organic fertilizer is the same as that in Example 1.

[0091] Comparative Example 2

[0092] The oil cake bio-organic fertilizer is different from Example 1 only in that the biochar used is wheat straw biochar. The other raw materials are the same as those in Example 1.

[0093] An aerobic fermentation process for oil cake bio-organic fertilizer is the same as that in Example 1.

[0094] Comparative Example 3

[0095] A bio-organic fertilizer made of oil cake, which is different from Example 1 only in that nano silicon powder is not included. The rest of the raw materials are the same as those in Example 1.

[0096] An aerobic fermentation process for oil cake bio-organic fertilizer is the same as that in Example 1.

[0097] Comparative Example 4

[0098] A kind of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer, the same as embodiment 1.

[0099] The aerobic fermentation process of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer is different from that of Example 1 only in that it does not include the normal temperature aerobic fermentation in step (2). The remaining steps and process parameters are the same as those of Example 1.

[0100] Comparative Example 5

[0101] A kind of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer, the same as embodiment 1.

[0102] An aerobic fermentation process for oil cake bio-organic fertilizer, which is different from Example 1 only in that the aerobic fermentation process in step (2) is replaced by fermentation at a temperature of 50-55° C. for 6 days. The remaining steps and process parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0103] Technical effects:

[0104] The oil-bone bio-organic fertilizer obtained in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-5 was used for flue-cured tobacco planting, wherein the flue-cured tobacco variety was Yunyan 97, and the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was the same as that of base fertilizers. The oil-bone organic fertilizer obtained in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-5 was applied with 100 kg per mu on the basis of conventional fertilizers, and both were applied as base fertilizers, and conventional water, fertilizer and plant protection management were performed during the planting period. The blank control group was not fertilized with oil-bone organic fertilizer.

[0105] The agronomic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco growth at different stages are shown in Table 1:

[0106] Table 1

[0107]

[0108] Note: Different lowercase letters represent significant differences among different treatments in the same period, p<0.05.

[0109] The results of the internal chemical components (%) of the middle tobacco leaves of the flue-cured tobacco plants are shown in Table 2:

[0110] Table 2

[0111] Reducing sugar Potassium chlorine Total Nitrogen Total Sugar Total Nicotine Example 1 25.27 2.93 0.24 2.21 27.42 2.17 Example 2 24.65 2.83 0.22 2.19 27.11 2.19 Example 3 24.33 2.79 0.21 2.17 27.38 2.16 Example 4 24.88 2.86 0.21 2.09 27.25 2.11 Example 5 24.35 2.77 0.23 2.13 27.19 2.10 Comparative Example 1 22.07 2.55 0.16 2.01 25.43 2.39 Comparative Example 2 21.58 2.64 0.18 2.03 25.62 2.29 Comparative Example 3 22.39 2.43 0.19 2.02 25.73 2.28 Comparative Example 4 22.55 2.57 0.17 1.95 25.19 2.22 Comparative Example 5 21.64 2.58 0.17 1.98 25.10 2.36 Blank control 19.87 2.17 0.11 1.83 24.00 2.70

[0112] As can be seen from Table 2, the oil cake organic fertilizer obtained by the present invention can improve the growth of flue-cured tobacco plants to a certain extent, while increasing the content of reducing sugar and total sugar in tobacco leaves, while reducing the total nicotine content and improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results of the effect of organic fertilizer on the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in flue-cured tobacco (%) are shown in Table 3.

[0113] Table 3

[0114] Bacterial wilt Blackleg red star disease Example 1 0.00 0.01 0.00 Example 2 0.00 0.01 0.00 Example 3 0.01 0.00 0.01 Example 4 0.01 0.01 0.00 Example 5 0.00 0.01 0.01 Comparative Example 1 0.08 0.07 0.09 Comparative Example 2 0.05 0.05 0.05 Comparative Example 3 0.09 0.04 0.04 Comparative Example 4 0.08 0.06 0.06 Comparative Example 5 0.06 0.05 0.05 Blank control 0.15 0.09 0.11

[0115] It can be seen that the present invention can effectively reduce the situation of preventing and controlling tobacco diseases and pests and improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco.

[0116] The results of economic traits of flue-cured tobacco with different treatments are shown in Table 4:

[0117] Table 4

[0118]

[0119] It can be seen that after the organic fertilizer provided by the present invention is used to grow flue-cured tobacco, the yield and output value of the flue-cured tobacco are significantly improved, and the proportion of medium and high-quality tobacco is increased by 1.58-3.75%, which greatly improves the quality of the flue-cured tobacco.

[0120] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A kind of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of biochar, 80-105 parts of oil cake, 20-45 parts of wood ash, 3-10 parts of nano silicon powder, 30-45 parts of fungus residue, and 2-15 parts of microbial agent.

2. A kind of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biochar is obtained by pyrolyzing plant straw at 500-700° C. for 40-50 minutes.

3. A kind of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the nano silicon powder is 200-500 meshes, and the content of silicon dioxide is greater than 95%.

4. A kind of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, lactic acid bacteria, and Streptomyces pyrrosinus.

5. The aerobic fermentation process of an oil cake bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) crushing the mushroom residue, mixing it evenly with oil cake, biochar, plant ash, and nano-silicon powder, subjecting it to primary aerobic composting fermentation, and then subjecting it to high-temperature sterilization to obtain a primary aerobic composting fermentation product; (2) The primary aerobic composting fermentation product is mixed with a microbial agent, a nutritional aid, and a pH regulator, and then subjected to secondary solid fermentation for 7 days. After the fermentation is completed, water is added for extraction, and then the oil cake bio-organic fertilizer is obtained after drying.

6. The aerobic fermentation process of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pulverization in step (1) is pulverizing to a particle size of less than 0.3 mm.

7. The aerobic fermentation process of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the aerobic composting fermentation in step (1), the compost is turned on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th days respectively, and the composting time is 25 days.

8. The aerobic fermentation process of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature of the aerobic fermentation in step (2) is room temperature.

9. The aerobic fermentation process of oil cake bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The moisture content of the aerobic fermentation in step (2) is controlled at 25-35%, the pH value is 7-8, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is (25-35):1, and the compost is turned once every 24 hours.

10. Use of the oil cake bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in flue-cured tobacco planting.

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