Perovskite solar cell and electric device comprising same

Abstract

The invention relates to a perovskite solar cell and an electric device comprising the same. The perovskite solar cell comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a functional layer, and the functional layer is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode. The functional layer comprises a perovskite layer and an organic compound layer which are arranged in a stacked mode, the organic compound layer comprises a first organic compound, and the first organic compound has the structural characteristics shown in the following formula (I). The perovskite solar cell is high in device efficiency and good in stability. # imgabs0 #

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of solar cells, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell and an electrical device comprising the same. Background Art

[0002] The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present application and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Perovskite solar cells are devices that use the photoelectric conversion mechanism of perovskite crystal materials to convert solar energy into electrical energy. They are the third generation of solar cells and have many advantages, such as high photoelectric conversion efficiency, simple manufacturing process, and low production cost. They have been extensively studied in recent years. Despite this, there is still a long way to go before perovskite cells can be commercialized and applied on a large scale. Among them, how to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite cell devices is a key issue that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a perovskite solar cell with high device efficiency and good stability, and an electrical device comprising the perovskite solar cell.

[0005] In a first aspect of the present application, a perovskite solar cell is provided, comprising a first electrode, a second electrode and a functional layer, wherein the functional layer is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode; the functional layer comprises a stacked perovskite layer and an organic compound layer, wherein the organic compound layer comprises a first organic compound, and the first organic compound has a structural feature shown in the following formula (I):

[0006]

[0007] wherein Ar comprises at least one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triarylamine group;

[0008] L includes a linking group, and n includes 0 or a positive integer;

[0009] Q includes a reducing group.

[0010] The above-mentioned perovskite solar cell has a perovskite layer and an organic compound layer stacked between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the organic compound layer has the structural characteristics shown in formula (I), wherein the Ar group can regulate the valence band and energy level of the organic compound layer to match it with the perovskite layer, thereby reducing the energy loss of the solar cell device, and the Q group can stabilize the lower interface of the perovskite layer and reduce the oxidation of the material, thereby comprehensively improving the efficiency and stability of the device.

[0011] In some embodiments, Q includes at least one of a nitroso group, a phosphite group, or a salt thereof.

[0012] In some embodiments, Ar includes at least one of a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C30 heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triarylamine group, wherein the aryl group in the triarylamine group includes a C6-C30 aryl group;

[0013] Optionally, Ar comprises at least one of the following groups:

[0014]

[0015] Wherein, R includes hydrogen, halogen, -R 1 、-OR 1 、-SR 1 、-N(R 1 2. -NHR 1 、-NH2、-OH、-NHCOR 1 、-OCOR 1 、-(CH2) p COOH, C6-C10 aryl, halogen-substituted R 1 or at least one of halogen-substituted C6-C10 aromatic groups; R 1 , C6-C10 aryl is optionally substituted with -N(R 2 2. -NHR 2 and -NH2 are substituted or unsubstituted; R 1 , R 2 Each independently includes C1 to C5 alkyl; p includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;

[0016] m includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;

[0017] X includes -C(R)2-, -NR-, -O-, -Si(R)2-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR)- or -C(=C(R)2)-

[0018] at least one of;

[0019] Further optionally, R includes hydrogen, -R 1 OR 1 At least one of; thus, the efficiency of the device can be further improved;

[0020] Further optionally, Ar comprises at least one of the following groups:

[0021] This enables the device to have higher efficiency and higher stability.

[0022] In some embodiments, n comprises 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10;

[0023] Optionally, n includes 0, 1, 2 or 4. This can further improve the efficiency of the device.

[0024] In some embodiments, L includes -C(R)2-, -O-(C(R)2) q -, -NR-, -O-, -Si(R)2-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR)-, or -C(=C(R)2)-;

[0025] R includes hydrogen, halogen, -R 1 、-OR 1 、-N(R 1 2. -NHR 1 、-NH2、-OH、-NHCOR 1 、-OCOR 1 、-(CH2) p COOH, C6-C10 aryl, halogen-substituted R 1 or at least one of halogen-substituted C6-C10 aromatic groups; R 1 , C6-C10 aryl is optionally substituted with -N(R 2 2. -NHR 2 and -NH2 are substituted or unsubstituted; R 1 , R 2 Including C1-C5 alkyl; p includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;

[0026] q includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0027] In some of the embodiments, the functional layer further includes a hole transport layer stacked between the organic compound layer and the first electrode;

[0028] Optionally, the hole transport layer comprises a p-type metal oxide; further optionally, the hole transport layer comprises NiO x1 、MoO x1 and WO x1 One or more of, wherein x1 includes 2 to 3;

[0029] Optionally, the hole transport layer has a thickness of 0.1 nm to 50 nm.

[0030] In some embodiments, the thickness of the organic compound layer is 0.1 nm to 5 nm.

[0031] In some of the embodiments, the organic compound layer further comprises a second organic compound, wherein the second organic compound comprises a compound containing a phosphoric acid group;

[0032] Optionally, the mass ratio of the first organic compound to the second organic compound is 1:(0.2-5);

[0033] Optionally, the second organic compound has a structural feature shown in the following formula (II):

[0034]

[0035] Among them, the definitions of Ar`, L`, and n` are the same as Ar, L, and n, respectively. In the organic compound layer, Ar, L, and n in the first organic compound are the same as or different from Ar`, L`, and n` in the second organic compound, respectively.

[0036] In some embodiments, the first electrode is a transparent electrode; the perovskite solar cell comprises the first electrode, the hole transport layer, the organic compound layer, the perovskite layer, the electron transport layer and the second electrode stacked in sequence;

[0037] Optionally, the electron transport layer comprises an electron transport material, wherein the electron transport material comprises [6,6]-phenyl C 61 Methyl butyrate, [6,6]-phenyl C 71 Methyl butyrate, Fullerene C 60 , Fullerene C 70 , tin dioxide, zinc oxide, perylene imide materials and naphthyl imide.

[0038] In some embodiments, the perovskite layer comprises a perovskite material having a chemical formula of ABX 2 3 or A2CDX 2 6; wherein A comprises monovalent cations, B comprises divalent cations, C and D comprise monovalent cations and trivalent cations, respectively, and X 2 including monovalent anions;

[0039] Optionally, A includes Cs + , K + , Rb + , one or more of monovalent amine cations and monovalent amidino cations;

[0040] Optionally, B includes Pb 2+ Sn 2+ and Ge 2+ One or more of;

[0041] Optionally, the C ions include Cs +、Ag + , K + And Ru + One or more of;

[0042] Optionally, the D ions include Bi 3+ , Sb 3+ andIn 3+ One or more of;

[0043] Optionally, X 2 Including I - Br - , Cl - , CN - 、SCN - and OCN - One or more of .

[0044] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing the perovskite solar cell according to the third aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0045] The functional layer is prepared on the surface of the first electrode; the functional layer includes a stacked perovskite layer and an organic compound layer;

[0046] A second electrode is prepared on the surface of the functional layer.

[0047] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the organic compound layer includes:

[0048] Mixing the first organic compound with a solvent, applying the resulting mixed solution to the surface of the preform, and performing a film-forming treatment to prepare the organic compound layer;

[0049] Optionally, the concentration of the mixed solution is 0.05 to 5 mg / mL;

[0050] Optionally, the film forming treatment includes one or both of annealing treatment and vacuum treatment; further optionally, the annealing treatment is performed at a temperature of 80° C. to 150° C. and for a time of 5 min to 30 min.

[0051] In a third aspect of the present application, an organic compound is provided, wherein the organic compound has a structural feature shown in the following formula (I):

[0052]

[0053] wherein Ar comprises at least one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triarylamine group;

[0054] L includes a linking group, and n includes 0 or a positive integer;

[0055] Q includes a reducing group.

[0056] In some embodiments, Q includes at least one of a nitroso group, a phosphite group, or a salt thereof.

[0057] In some embodiments, Ar includes at least one of a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C30 heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triarylamine group, wherein the aryl group in the triarylamine group includes a C6-C30 aryl group;

[0058] Optionally, Ar comprises at least one of the following groups:

[0059]

[0060] Wherein, R includes hydrogen, halogen, -R 1 、-OR 1 、-SR 1 、-N(R 1 2. -NHR 1 、-NH2、-OH、-NHCOR 1 、-OCOR 1 、-(CH2) p COOH, C6-C10 aryl, halogen-substituted R 1 or at least one of halogen-substituted C6-C10 aromatic groups; R 1 , C6-C10 aryl is optionally substituted with -N(R 2 2. -NHR 2 and -NH2 are substituted or unsubstituted; R 1 , R 2 Each independently includes C1 to C5 alkyl; p includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;

[0061] m includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;

[0062] X includes -C(R)2-, -NR-, -O-, -Si(R)2-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR)- or -C(=C(R)2)-

[0063] at least one of;

[0064] Further optionally, R includes hydrogen, -R 1 OR 1 At least one of;

[0065] Further optionally, Ar comprises at least one of the following groups:

[0066]

[0067] In some embodiments, n comprises 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10;

[0068] Optionally, n includes 0, 1, 2 or 4.

[0069] In some embodiments, L includes -C(R)2-, -O-(C(R)2) q -, -NR-, -O-, -Si(R)2-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR)-, or -C(=C(R)2)-;

[0070] R includes hydrogen, halogen, -R 1 、-OR 1 、-N(R 1 2. -NHR 1 、-NH2、-OH、-NHCOR 1 、-OCOR 1 、-(CH2) p COOH, C6-C10 aryl, halogen-substituted R 1 or at least one of halogen-substituted C6-C10 aromatic groups; R 1 , C6-C10 aryl is optionally substituted with -N(R 2 2. -NHR 2 and -NH2 are substituted or unsubstituted; R 1 , R 2 Including C1-C5 alkyl; p includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;

[0071] q includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0072] A fourth aspect of the present application provides an electrical device comprising the perovskite solar cell described in the first aspect or the organic compound described in the third aspect.

[0073] The details of one or more embodiments of the present application are set forth in the following description. Other features, objects, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the specification and claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The following describes in detail some embodiments of the perovskite solar cell of the present application and the electrical device containing the same. However, there may be cases where unnecessary detailed descriptions are omitted. For example, there are cases where detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repeated descriptions of actually the same structure are omitted. This is to avoid the following description from becoming unnecessarily lengthy and to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art. In addition, the following description is provided for those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application and is not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

[0075] The "range" disclosed in the present application can be defined in the form of a lower limit and an upper limit, and a given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundaries of a particular range. The range defined in this way can be inclusive or exclusive of the end values, and any end value can be included or excluded independently, and can be arbitrarily combined, that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if a range of 60 to 120 and 80 to 110 is listed for a specific parameter, it is understood that the range of 60 to 110 and 80 to 120 is also expected. In addition, if the minimum range values ​​1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range values ​​3, 4 and 5 are also listed, the following ranges can all be expected: 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4 and 2 to 5. In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the numerical range "a to b" represents an abbreviation of any real number combination between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0-5" means that all real numbers between "0-5" are listed in this document, and "0-5" is just an abbreviation of these numerical combinations. In addition, when a parameter is expressed as an integer ≥ 2, it is equivalent to listing the parameter as, for example, integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc. For example, when a parameter is expressed as an integer selected from "2-10", it is equivalent to listing the integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.

[0076] In the present application, "plurality", "multiple" and the like, unless otherwise specified, refer to a number greater than or equal to 2. For example, "one or more" means one or greater than or equal to two.

[0077] If not otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0078] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment or implementation of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments. The "implementation methods" mentioned herein have a similar understanding.

[0079] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in the methods of each embodiment or example, the order in which each step is written does not mean a strict order of execution and does not constitute any limitation on the implementation process, and the detailed order of execution of each step should be determined by its function and possible internal logic. If there is no special explanation, all steps of the present application can be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), indicating that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, the method may also include step (c), indicating that step (c) can be added to the method in any order, for example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), or steps (a), (c) and (b), or steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0080] In the present application, in the open technical features or technical solutions described by the words "contain", "include", "comprise", etc., unless otherwise specified, additional members other than the listed members are not excluded, and it can be regarded as providing both closed features or solutions consisting of the listed members and open features or solutions including additional members in addition to the listed members. For example, A includes a1, a2 and a3. Unless otherwise specified, it may also include other members or may not include additional members. It can be regarded as providing both the feature or solution of "A consists of a1, a2 and a3" and the feature or solution of "A not only includes a1, a2 and a3, but also includes other members". In the present application, unless otherwise specified, A (such as B) means that B is a non-limiting example of A, and it can be understood that A is not limited to B.

[0081] In this application, "optionally", "optional", and "optional" mean optional, that is, any one of the two parallel schemes of "yes" or "no". If there are multiple "options" in a technical solution, unless otherwise specified and there is no contradiction or mutual restriction, each "option" is independent.

[0082] In the present application, "aryl" refers to an aromatic hydrocarbon group derived from an aromatic ring compound by removing a hydrogen atom, which can be a monocyclic aromatic group, a condensed aromatic group, or a polycyclic aromatic group. For polycyclic rings, at least one is an aromatic ring system. For example, "C6-C20 aryl" refers to an aromatic group containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and each occurrence can be independently C6 aryl, C7 aryl, C8 aryl, C9 aryl, C10 aryl, C12 aryl, C15 aryl, C17 aryl, C20 aryl. Suitable examples include, but are not limited to, benzene, biphenyl, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, diphenylene, triphenylene and their derivatives.

[0083] In the present application, "heteroaryl" means that at least one carbon atom on the basis of an aryl group is replaced by a non-carbon atom, and the non-carbon atom may be a N atom, an O atom, a S atom, or the like. For example, “C5-C30 heteroaryl” refers to a heteroaryl group containing 5 to 30 carbon atoms, and each time it appears, it can be independently C5 heteroaryl, C6 heteroaryl, C7 heteroaryl, C8 heteroaryl, C9 heteroaryl, C10 heteroaryl, C11 heteroaryl, C12 heteroaryl, C13 heteroaryl, C14 heteroaryl, C15 heteroaryl, C16 heteroaryl, C17 heteroaryl, C18 heteroaryl, C19 heteroaryl, C20 heteroaryl, C21 heteroaryl, C22 heteroaryl, C23 heteroaryl, C24 heteroaryl, C25 heteroaryl, C26 heteroaryl, C27 heteroaryl, C28 heteroaryl, C29 heteroaryl, or C30 heteroaryl. Suitable examples include, but are not limited to, furan, benzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, pyrrole, pyrazole, triazole, imidazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiazole, tetrazole, indole, carbazole, pyrroloimidazole, pyrrolopyrrole, thienopyrrole, thienothiophene, furanopyrrole, furanofuran, thienofuran, benzisoxazole, benzisothiazole, benzimidazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, triazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, o-naphthylidene, quinoxaline, phenanthridine, primidine, quinazoline, and quinazolinone.

[0084] In the present application, "triarylamine" refers to an amine group substituted with three aryl groups, and its structural formula is -(R0)3N, wherein R0 is an aryl group.

[0085] In the present application, "alkyl" refers to a monovalent residue formed by the loss of a hydrogen atom from a saturated hydrocarbon containing a primary (normal) carbon atom, a secondary carbon atom, a tertiary carbon atom, a quaternary carbon atom, or a combination thereof. Phrases containing this term, for example, "C1-C5 alkyl" refers to an alkyl containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and each occurrence may be independently C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C5 alkyl. Suitable examples include, but are not limited to, methyl (Me, -CH3), ethyl (Et, -CH2CH3), 1-propyl (n-Pr, n-propyl, -CH2CH2CH3), 2-propyl (i-Pr, i-propyl, -CH(CH3)2), 1-butyl (n-Bu, n-butyl, -CH2CH2CH2CH3), 2-methyl-1-propyl (i-Bu, i-butyl, -CH2CH(CH3)2), 2-butyl (s-Bu, s-butyl, -CH(CH3)CH2CH3), 2-methyl-2-propyl (t- Bu, t-butyl, -C(CH3)3), 1-pentyl (n-pentyl, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3), 2-pentyl (-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3), 3-pentyl (-CH(CH2CH3)2), 2-methyl-2-butyl (-C(CH3)2CH2CH3), 3-methyl-2-butyl (-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2), 3-methyl-1-butyl (-CH2CH2CH(CH3)2), 2-methyl-1-butyl (-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3).

[0086] In the present application, "halogen" or "halo" refers to F, Cl, Br or I.

[0087] In the present application, "substituted or unsubstituted" means that the substituent can be further substituted by any substituent, the type of which is not particularly limited, such as R, and the number of substitutions can be one or more.

[0088] In the present application, "connecting group" refers to a group that can be bonded to Ar and Q respectively, and mainly serves to connect Ar and Q. Its type is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include:

[0089] In the present application, when there are multiple groups involved, the groups may be the same or different.

[0090] In some examples of the present application, a perovskite solar cell is provided, comprising a first electrode, a second electrode and a functional layer, wherein the functional layer is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode; the functional layer comprises a stacked perovskite layer and an organic compound layer, wherein the organic compound layer comprises a first organic compound, and the first organic compound has a structural feature shown in the following formula (I):

[0091]

[0092] wherein Ar comprises at least one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triarylamine group;

[0093] L includes a connecting group, and n includes 0 or a positive integer; it can be understood that when n is 0, it means that the Ar group is directly connected to the Q group;

[0094] Q includes a reducing group.

[0095] The above-mentioned perovskite solar cell has a perovskite layer and an organic compound layer stacked between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the organic compound layer has the structural characteristics shown in formula (I), wherein the Ar group can regulate the valence band and energy level of the organic compound layer to match the perovskite layer, thereby reducing the energy loss of the solar cell device, and the Q group can stabilize the surface of the perovskite layer and reduce the oxidation of the material, thereby comprehensively improving the efficiency and stability of the device.

[0096] In addition, the Ar group of the organic compound is hydrophobic and can self-assemble to form a monolayer through hydrophobic properties and π-π interactions during film formation, and has good film-forming properties. The organic compound layer can be prepared by a solution method to reduce production costs.

[0097] In some examples, Q includes a nitroso group, a phosphite group (-PHOOH) or a salt thereof (-PHOO - ) at least one of.

[0098] In some examples, Ar includes at least one of a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C30 heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triarylamine group, wherein the aryl group in the triarylamine group includes a C6-C30 aryl group;

[0099] Optionally, Ar comprises at least one of the following groups:

[0100]

[0101] Wherein, R includes hydrogen, halogen, -R 1 、-OR 1 、-SR 1 、-N(R1 2. -NHR 1 、-NH2、-OH、-NHCOR 1 、-OCOR 1 、-(CH2) p COOH, C6-C10 aryl, halogen-substituted R 1 or at least one of halogen-substituted C6-C10 aromatic groups; R 1 , C6-C10 aryl is optionally substituted with -N(R 2 2. -NHR 2 and -NH2 are substituted or unsubstituted; R 1 , R 2 Including C1-C5 alkyl; p includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;

[0102] m includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;

[0103] X includes -C(R)2-, -NR-, -O-, -Si(R)2-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR)- or -C(=C(R)2)-

[0104] At least one of.

[0105] In some of these examples, R includes hydrogen, -R 1 OR 1 This can further improve the efficiency of the device.

[0106] In some examples, Ar includes at least one of the following groups:

[0107] This enables the device to have higher efficiency and higher stability.

[0108] In some examples, n includes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10. Further, n includes 0, 1, 2 or 4. This can further improve the efficiency of the device.

[0109] Without limitation, Ar includes at least one of the following groups:

[0110]

[0111] In some examples, L includes at least one of -C(R)2-, -O-(C(R)2)q-, -NR-, -O-, -Si(R)2-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR)-, or -C(=C(R)2)-;

[0112] R includes hydrogen, halogen, -R 1 、-OR 1 、-N(R 1 2. -NHR 1 、-NH2、-OH、-NHCOR 1 、-OCOR 1 、-(CH2) p COOH, C6-C10 aryl, halogen-substituted R 1 or at least one of halogen-substituted C6-C10 aromatic groups; R 1 , C6-C10 aryl is optionally substituted with -N(R 2 2. -NHR 2 and -NH2 are substituted or unsubstituted; R 1 , R 2 Including C1-C5 alkyl; p includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;

[0113] q includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0114] In some examples, L includes at least one of -CH2- or -O-(CH2)q-. The use of a relatively flexible alkyl segment helps to adjust the stacking orientation of the terminal Ar group and the head Q group, which is beneficial to film formation.

[0115] Without limitation, the first organic compound includes one or more of the following compounds:

[0116]

[0117] In addition, it can be understood that the above-mentioned organic compound layer can be directly used as a hole transport layer in a perovskite solar cell, or it can be cooperated with a traditional hole transport layer, that is, the functional layer also includes a hole transport layer stacked between the organic compound layer and the first electrode, so that the first organic compound can be used to passivate the defects of the traditional hole transport material and improve its stability.

[0118] Without limitation, the hole transport layer may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following materials and their derivatives: 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), polytriarylamine (PTAA), nickel oxide (NiO x1 ), molybdenum oxide (MoO x1 ), tungsten oxide (WO x1 ), poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and other materials can transport holes and block electrons, where x1 includes 2 to 3.

[0119] In some examples, the hole transport layer comprises a p-type metal oxide. Further, the hole transport layer comprises NiO x1 、MoO x1 and WO x1 The first organic compound is particularly suitable for passivating the surface defects of NiOx1 and reducing Ni 3+ , reducing the oxidizing Ni 3+ The destruction of the perovskite layer improves the overall stability of the device.

[0120] In some examples, the thickness of the hole transport layer is 0.1 nm to 50 nm. Specifically, the thickness of the hole transport layer includes, but is not limited to, 0.1 nm, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 2 nm, 5 nm, 7 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, or a range between any two of the foregoing.

[0121] It can be understood that the first organic compound has the characteristics of self-assembly molecules, so the organic compound layer is a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), and Q in the first organic compound is an anchoring group. The thickness of the organic compound layer is about the thickness of a single layer of the first organic compound molecule. Without limitation, the thickness of the organic compound layer is 0.1nm to 5nm. Specifically, the thickness of the organic compound layer includes but is not limited to: 0.1nm, 0.5nm, 1nm, 2nm, 3nm, 4nm, 5nm or a range between any two of the foregoing.

[0122] In some examples, the organic compound layer further comprises a second organic compound, and the second organic compound comprises a compound containing a phosphoric acid group, that is, the first organic compound can also be used in combination with a conventional compound containing a phosphoric acid group.

[0123] Without limitation, the mass ratio of the first organic compound to the second organic compound is 1:(0.2-5). Specifically, the mass ratio includes but is not limited to: 1:0.2, 1:0.5, 1:0.8, 1:1, 1:1.2, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:3.5, 1:4, 1:4.5, 1:5 or a range between any two of the foregoing.

[0124] Without limitation, the second organic compound may be a conventional compound containing a phosphoric acid group.

[0125] In some examples, the second organic compound has a structural feature shown in the following formula (II):

[0126]

[0127] Wherein, the definitions of Ar`, L`, and n` are the same as Ar, L, and n, respectively.

[0128] It can be understood that in the organic compound layer, Ar, L, and n in the first organic compound are respectively the same as or different from Ar', L', and n' in the second organic compound.

[0129] Without limitation, the perovskite solar cell is a pin-type (inverse) perovskite solar cell or a nip-type (formal) perovskite solar cell.

[0130] In some examples, the perovskite solar cell is a pin-type (inverted) perovskite solar cell. Specifically, the first electrode is a transparent electrode; the perovskite solar cell includes the first electrode, the hole transport layer, the organic compound layer, the perovskite layer, the electron transport layer and the second electrode stacked in sequence. Without limitation, the first electrode can be, for example, conductive glass, and the second electrode can be, for example, a metal electrode.

[0131] Without limitation, the perovskite layer comprises a perovskite material, and the chemical formula of the perovskite material is ABX 2 3 or A2CDX 2 6; wherein A comprises monovalent cations, B comprises divalent cations, C and D comprise monovalent cations and trivalent cations, respectively, and X 2 including monovalent anions;

[0132] Specifically, A includes Cs + , K + , Rb + , one or more of monovalent amine cations and monovalent amidino cations;

[0133] Specifically, B includes Pb 2+ Sn 2+ and Ge 2+ One or more of;

[0134] Specifically, C ions include Cs + 、Ag + , K + And Ru + One or more of;

[0135] Specifically, D ions include Bi 3+ , Sb 3+ andIn 3+ One or more of;

[0136] Specifically, X 2 Including I - Br- , Cl - , CN - 、SCN - and OCN - One or more of .

[0137] In some of the examples, the perovskite layer has a band gap of 1.20 eV to 2.30 eV and a thickness of 200 nm to 1000 nm.

[0138] Without limitation, the material of the electron transport layer may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following materials and their derivatives and materials obtained by doping or passivation: imide compounds, quinone compounds, fullerenes (such as fullerene C 60 (C 60 ), Fullerene C 70 (C 70 ) and its derivatives, methoxytriphenylamine-fluoroformamidine (OMeTPA-FA), calcium titanate (CaTiO3), lithium fluoride (LiF), calcium fluoride (CaF2), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS), poly3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), triphenylamine with triptycene as the core (H101), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine (EDOT-OMeTPA), N-(4-anilino)carbazole-spirobifluorene (CzPAF-SBF), polythiophene, metal oxides, silicon oxide (SiO2), strontium titanate (SrTiO3), cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), [6,6]-phenyl C 61 Methyl butyrate (PC 61 BM), [6,6]-phenyl C 71 Methyl butyrate (PC 71 BM), perylene diimide (PDI) materials, naphthalene diimide (NDI) materials, etc.; wherein the metal elements may include one or more of Mg, Ni, Cd, Zn, In, Pb, Mo, W, Sb, Bi, Cu, Hg, Ti, Ag, Mn, Fe, V, Sn, Zr, Sr, Ga and Cr, and the thickness may be 5nm to 100nm.

[0139] In some examples, the electron transport material includes [6,6]-phenyl C 61 Methyl butyrate, [6,6]-phenyl C 71 Methyl butyrate, Fullerene C 60 , Fullerene C 70 , tin dioxide, zinc oxide, perylene imide materials and naphthyl imide.

[0140] Without limitation, the material of the transparent electrode may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following materials: FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), ITO (tin-doped indium oxide), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), BZO (boron-doped zinc oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), IWO (tungsten-doped indium oxide), etc., and the thickness may be 10 nm to 1000 nm.

[0141] Without limitation, the material of the second electrode may be an organic, inorganic or organic-inorganic hybrid conductive material, including any one of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), bismuth (Bi), platinum (Pt), magnesium (Mg), C, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, etc. or any suitable mixture of the aforementioned elements, and the thickness may be 10 nm to 1000 nm.

[0142] In addition, it can be understood that the structure of the perovskite battery involved in the present application may not be limited to the structural layers listed above. Other functional layers, such as buffer layers, can also be introduced according to demand. In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell can be provided with a buffer layer with a suitable energy level, which can play a role in reducing energy level barriers, promoting energy level matching, improving carrier extraction efficiency, and at the same time, passivating interface defect states, protecting light absorption layers, inhibiting water molecules, oxygen oxidation and decomposition of batteries, improving photoelectric conversion efficiency, and improving the stability of perovskite batteries. One or more of the above. Depending on the location of the buffer layer, the type of buffer layer may include a buffer layer between the hole transport layer and the first electrode, a buffer layer between the electron transport layer and the second electrode, a buffer layer between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer, and a buffer layer between the electron transport layer and the perovskite absorption layer. The materials that can be used for the buffer layer in the perovskite solar cell may include, but are not limited to: Cu2O, NiO, AZO, TiO2, etc.

[0143] In some of the examples, there may be at least one blocking layer between the electron transport layer and the second electrode. The valence band of the blocking layer is relatively low (for example, less than -6.0 eV), which can effectively block the transmission of holes and reduce the energy loss caused by charge recombination. The materials of the blocking layer include but are not limited to the following materials: 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-biphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), SnO2, ZnO, CeOx (x includes 2 to 3), etc., with a thickness of 0.5nm to 20nm.

[0144] Some examples of the present application provide a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0145] The functional layer is prepared on the surface of the first electrode; the functional layer includes a stacked perovskite layer and an organic compound layer;

[0146] A second electrode is prepared on the surface of the functional layer.

[0147] In some examples, the organic compound layer can be prepared by a solution method, which is simple and easy to implement industrially. Further, the method for preparing the organic compound layer includes:

[0148] The first organic compound is mixed with a solvent, and the obtained mixed solution is applied to the surface of the preform to form a film, thereby preparing the organic compound layer.

[0149] It can be understood that the preform refers to an intermediate structure of a perovskite solar cell that has been prepared before preparing the organic compound layer, and varies according to the structure of the perovskite solar cell.

[0150] In addition, it can be understood that when the organic compound layer contains other components besides the first organic compound, such as a second organic compound, it can be added to the mixed solution and the film forming process can be performed together.

[0151] Specifically, for a device that directly uses the organic compound layer as a hole transport layer, the method for preparing a perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:

[0152] Step 1: Etching and cleaning the first electrode, and drying;

[0153] Step 2: Covering the first electrode with a solution containing the material of the organic compound layer, and performing a film-forming process to obtain an organic compound layer;

[0154] Step 3: Preparing a perovskite layer on the organic compound layer;

[0155] Step 4: Preparing an electron transport layer on the perovskite layer;

[0156] Step 5: Prepare the second electrode on the electron transport layer and perform edge cleaning test.

[0157] Specifically, based on a device further comprising a hole transport layer, and wherein the organic compound layer is disposed between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0158] Step 1: Etching and cleaning the first electrode, and drying;

[0159] Step 2: Covering the material of the hole transport layer on the first electrode to obtain a hole transport layer;

[0160] Step 3: Covering the hole transport layer with a solution containing the material of the organic compound layer, and obtaining the organic compound layer through a film-forming treatment agent;

[0161] Step 4: Preparing a perovskite layer on the organic compound layer;

[0162] Step 5: Preparing an electron transport layer on the perovskite layer;

[0163] Step 6: Prepare the second electrode on the electron transport layer and perform edge cleaning test.

[0164] Without limitation, the material applied to the surface of the preform can be covered on the surface of the first electrode or the hole transport layer by spin coating, spray coating, blade coating, slit coating or roll-to-roll printing, or the surface of the first electrode or the hole transport layer can be immersed in the precursor solution to allow the solute molecules to self-assemble on the surface of the first electrode or the hole transport layer to form a monomolecular film.

[0165] In some examples, the concentration of the mixed solution is 0.05-5 mg / mL. Specifically, the concentration of the mixed solution includes but is not limited to: 0.05 mg / mL, 0.1 mg / mL, 0.3 mg / mL, 0.5 mg / mL, 1 mg / mL, 1.5 mg / mL, 2 mg / mL, 2.5 mg / mL, 3 mg / mL, 3.5 mg / mL, 4 mg / mL, 4.5 mg / mL, 5 mg / mL or a range between any two of the foregoing.

[0166] Without limitation, the organic solvent may be methanol, isopropanol, ethanol, chlorobenzene, or the like.

[0167] Optionally, in some of the examples, the film forming process includes one or both of an annealing process and a vacuum process. Further, the film forming process includes an annealing process.

[0168] Specifically, the temperature of the annealing treatment is 80° C. to 150° C. Specifically, the temperature of the annealing treatment includes but is not limited to: 80° C., 90° C., 100° C., 110° C., 120° C., 130° C., 140° C., 150° C. or a range between any two of the foregoing.

[0169] Specifically, the annealing time is 5 min to 30 min. Specifically, the annealing time includes but is not limited to: 5 min, 8 min, 10 min, 12 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30 min or a range between any two of the foregoing.

[0170] Furthermore, the material of the hole transport layer is prepared by magnetron sputtering, or first prepared into nanoparticles (particle size is about 1-20nm), and then dispersed in an organic solvent, and covered on the surface of the first electrode by spin coating, spraying, scraping, slit coating or roll-to-roll printing. The organic solvent for dispersing the nanoparticles can be water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, chlorobenzene, etc., with a concentration of 0.1 to 10 mg / mL. The organic solvent can be removed by annealing or vacuum.

[0171] In some examples of the present application, an organic compound is also provided, wherein the organic compound has the structural features shown in the following formula (I):

[0172]

[0173] wherein Ar comprises at least one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triarylamine group;

[0174] L includes a linking group, and n includes 0 or a positive integer;

[0175] Q includes a reducing group.

[0176] It can be understood that the technical solution of the organic compound is similar to the aforementioned first organic compound, and the two have similar technical solutions and advantages, which will not be repeated here.

[0177] In some examples of the present application, an electrical device is also provided, which includes the perovskite solar cell described above in the present application or the organic compound described above.

[0178] In some examples, the perovskite solar cell can be used as a power generation device for an electrical device. The type of power generation device can include but is not limited to integrated power generation. Without limitation, the electrical device can be, for example, a photovoltaic new energy power generation device.

[0179] Below, some embodiments of the present application are described. The embodiments described below are exemplary, are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be construed as limiting the present application. In the embodiments, if the technology or conditions are not indicated, they are carried out according to the description above, or according to the technology or conditions described in the document in this area or according to the product specification. The reagents used or the instruments that do not indicate the manufacturer are conventional products that can be obtained commercially, or can be synthesized in a conventional manner by commercially available products.

[0180] In the following embodiments, "room temperature" refers to 20°C to 30°C, and further, may be 25°C.

[0181] Material Synthesis Example

[0182] The general synthetic formula of each compound in the embodiment is as follows:

[0183] Synthetic formula 1:

[0184] Magnesium powder (20 mmol), ultra-dry tetrahydrofuran (9 mL) and half an iodine granule (catalytic amount, about 20 mg) were added to a three-necked flask, the temperature was lowered to 0°C and N2 was used for protection. Compound A (10 mmol) was dissolved in ultra-dry tetrahydrofuran (1 mL) and slowly added dropwise to the above three-necked flask. After reacting at room temperature for 2 hours, the supernatant was aspirated for later use.

[0185] Take another three-necked flask, add 9.58mmol of diethylphosphinoyl chloride (PCl(OEt)2), and dissolve it with 10mL of ultra-dry tetrahydrofuran. After the temperature is reduced to 0°C and protected with N2, the above supernatant is added dropwise to the three-necked flask in this step, and react at room temperature for 16h. After the reaction is completed, add 37% hydrochloric acid (0.05mL) and water (1.5mL) and stir for 15 minutes, then extract with ethyl acetate. After removing the organic solvent, add 2M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (4mL) and stir at room temperature for 1 hour, then add 37% hydrochloric acid until pH=1, filter the precipitate and wash to obtain compound B.

[0186]

[0187] Synthetic formula 2:

[0188] Add ammonium hypophosphite (20 mmol) and hexamethyldisilazane (NH(SiMe3)2, 20 mmol) to a three-necked flask, heat to 105°C under N2 protection for 2 h, and then place in an ice-water bath. Slowly drop a dichloromethane solution (20 mL) of compound A (10 mmol) into the three-necked flask, and then stir at room temperature for 12 h. Wash the organic phase with water and dry it, and spin dry the organic phase to obtain compound B.

[0189]

[0190] Material Example 1 (Material B1 Synthesis Process):

[0191] According to the general synthetic formula 2, the reaction raw material is compound A1 (2.73 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B1 (0.86 g, 33%). 1 H NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6)δ8.15(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.72(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.48-7.42(m, 2H),7.25-7.19(m,2H),7.01(d,J=543Hz,1H),3.94-3.88(m,2H),1.70-1.64(m,2H).

[0192]

[0193] Material Example 2 (Material B2 Synthesis Process):

[0194] According to the general synthetic formula 2, the reaction raw material is compound A2 (3.33 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B2 (1.15 g, 36%). 1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.06(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.49-7.43(m,2H),7.21-7.15(m ,2H),7.01(d,J=539Hz,1H),3.94-3.88(m,2H),3.81(s,6H),1.70-1.64(m,2H).

[0195]

[0196] Material Example 3 (Material B3 Synthesis Process):

[0197] According to the general synthetic formula 2, the reaction raw material is compound A3 (3.66 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B3 (1.00 g, 33%). 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.49-7.43(m,2H),7.28(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.07-7.04(m ,2H),7.01(d,J=541Hz,1H),3.94-3.88(m,2H),2.45(s,6H),1.70-1.64(m,2H).

[0198]

[0199] Material Example 4 (Material B4 Synthesis Process):

[0200] According to the general synthetic formula 2, the reaction raw material is compound A4 (3.01 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B4 (1.12 g, 39%). 1 H NMR(400MHz, DMSO-d6)δ8.32-8.28(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.77-7.71(m,2H),7.47-7.42 (m,2H),7.01(d,J=537Hz,1H),3.94-3.88(m,2H),2.46(s,6H),1.70-1.64(m,2H).

[0201]

[0202] Material Example 5 (Material B5 Synthesis Process):

[0203] According to the general synthetic formula 2, the reaction raw material is compound A5 (3.01 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B5 (0.918 g, 32%). 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.15(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.72(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.48-7.42(m,2H),7.25-7.19(m, 2H), 7.01 (d, J = 543Hz, 1H), 4.19-4.13 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.34 (m, 2H), 1.07-1.01 (m, 2H).

[0204]

[0205] Material Example 6 (Material B6 Synthesis Process):

[0206] According to the general synthetic formula 2, the reaction raw material is compound A6 (3.29 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B6 (0.914 g, 29%). 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.35(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.72(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.48-7.42(m,2H),7.01(d,J=5 43Hz,1H),4.19-4.13(m,2H),2.46(s,6H),1.78-1.70(m,2H),1.42-1.34(m,2H),1.07-1.01(m,2H).

[0207]

[0208] Material Example 7 (Material B7 Synthesis Process):

[0209] According to the general synthetic formula 2, the reaction raw material is compound A7 (3.73 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B7 (1.47 g, 41%). 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.54(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.99(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.82(d,J=7.2Hz ,2H),7.61-7.53(m,4H),7.01(d,J=549Hz,1H),3.94-3.88(m,2H),1.70-1.64(m,2H).

[0210]

[0211] Material Example 8 (Material B8 Synthesis Process):

[0212] According to the general synthetic formula 2, the reaction raw material is compound A8 (3.51 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B8 (1.62 g, 48%). 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.24-7.18(m,6H),7.08-7.00(m,8H),6.99(d,J=549Hz,1H),2.52-2.48(m,2H),1.76-1.70(m,2H).

[0213]

[0214] Material Example 9 (Material B9 Synthesis Process):

[0215] According to the general synthetic formula 2, the reaction raw material is compound A9 (3.79 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B9 (1.28 g, 35%). 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.24-7.18(m,6H),7.08-7.00(m,8H),6.99(d,J=549Hz, 1H),2.54-2.50(m,2H),1.61-1.57(m,2H),1.40-1.37(m,2H),1.07-1.01(m,2H).

[0216]

[0217] Material Example 10 (Material B10 Synthesis Process):

[0218] According to the general synthetic formula 1, the reaction raw material is compound A10 (3.23 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B10 (0.928 g, 30%). 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.24-7.18 (m, 8H), 7.08-7.00 (m, 6H), 6.99 (d, J = 532Hz, 1H).

[0219]

[0220] Material Example 11 (Material B11 Synthesis Process):

[0221] According to the general synthetic formula 2, the reaction raw material is compound A11 (4.51 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B11 (1.14 g, 26%). 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.78-7.71(m,4H),7.54-7.40(m,8H),7.18-7.03(m,8H),6.97(d,J=541Hz,1H),2.52-2.48(m,2H),1.76-1.70(m,2H).

[0222]

[0223] Material Example 12 (Material B12 Synthesis Process):

[0224] According to the general synthetic formula 1, the reaction raw material is compound A12 (4.23 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B12 (1.35 g, 33%). 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.78-7.70 (m, 4H), 7.54-7.40 (m, 8H), 7.20-7.11 (m, 6H), 6.99 (d, J = 532Hz, 1H).

[0225]

[0226] Material Example 13 (Material B13 Synthesis Process):

[0227] According to the general synthetic formula 2, the reaction raw material is compound A13 (2.89 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B13 (0.633 g, 23%). 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.16-7.13(m,2H),7.04-6.94(m,7H),3.11-3.09(m,2H),1.65-1.61(m,2H).

[0228]

[0229] Material Example 14 (Material B14 Synthesis Process):

[0230] According to the general synthetic formula 2, the reaction raw material is compound A14 (3.04 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B14 (1.02 g, 35%). 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.21-6.97(m,9H), 3.12-3.08(m,2H), 1.65-1.61(m,2H).

[0231]

[0232] Material Example 15 (Material B15 Synthesis Process):

[0233] According to the general synthetic formula 2, the reaction raw material is compound A15 (g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B15 (g, 33%). 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.31 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.12 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (d, J = 542 Hz, 1H), 3.92-3.88 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.65 (m, 2H).

[0234]

[0235] Material Example 16 (Material B16 Synthesis Process):

[0236] According to the general synthetic formula 2, the reaction raw material is compound A16 (3.26 g, 10 mmol), and the reaction product is compound B16 (1.06 g, 34%). 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.78-7.76 (m, 4H), 7.01 (d, J = 542Hz, 1H), 4.02-3.99 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.83-1.81 (m, 2H).

[0237]

[0238] Device Example 1

[0239] 1) Take 20 pieces of FTO conductive glass with a size of 2.0*2.0 cm, remove 0.35 cm of FTO at both ends by laser etching, with a thickness of about 300 nm, and expose the glass substrate;

[0240] 2) Ultrasonic cleaning of the etched FTO conductive glass with water, acetone, and isopropanol for several times;

[0241] 3) The FTO conductive glass is blown dry with a nitrogen gun to remove the solvent and placed in a UV ozone machine for further cleaning;

[0242] 4) Spin-coat a methanol solution of nano-nickel oxide (concentration of 10 mg / mL) on the surface of the FTO conductive glass at 2000 rpm and anneal at 150° C. for 15 min to form a nickel oxide film with a thickness of about 35 nm;

[0243] 5) dissolving the self-assembling molecule B1 in methanol to obtain a self-assembling molecule solution with a concentration of 0.3 mg / mL; spin coating the self-assembling molecule solution on the surface of the nickel oxide film at 3000 rpm, annealing at 100° C. for 10 min, and obtaining a self-assembling molecule layer with a thickness of about 1 nm;

[0244] 6) Weigh lead iodide (726 mg), iodoformamide (240 mg), cesium iodide (19 mg), and lead bromide (11 mg) and dissolve them in 1 mL of a mixed solution of DMF and DMSO (volume ratio of 4:1), stir for 3 h, filter with a 0.22 μm organic filter membrane to obtain a perovskite precursor solution, spin-coat the perovskite precursor solution on the obtained self-assembled molecular layer at 3000 rpm / s, anneal at 100°C for 30 min, and cool to room temperature, wherein the active material of the perovskite absorption layer is FA 0.95 Cs 0.05 Pb(I 0.95 Br 0.05 )3 system, with a thickness of about 700nm.

[0245] 7) Spin coat the electron transport layer PC on the perovskite layer at 1500 rpm / s 61 BM was annealed at 100°C for 10 min, with a thickness of about 20 nm, and then its passivation layer BCP was spin-coated at 5000 rpm / s, with a thickness of about 7 nm.

[0246] 8) Place the device in an evaporator and evaporate a Cu electrode with a thickness of about 100 nm to obtain a perovskite solar cell device, which is marked as cell 1.

[0247] Batteries 2 to 16 of device embodiments 2 to 16 are the same as those of device embodiment 1, except that B1 is replaced by B2 to B16.

[0248] The battery 17 of device embodiment 17 is the same as that of device embodiment 1, except that step 4) is not performed, that is, the preparation of the nickel oxide film as the hole transport layer is not performed.

[0249] The battery 18 of device embodiment 18 is the same as that of device embodiment 1, except that in step 5), B1 and X1 (mass ratio 1:1) are mixed and dissolved in methanol, that is, the prepared self-assembled molecular layer contains B1 and X1.

[0250]

[0251] The battery 19 of device embodiment 19 is the same as that of device embodiment 1, except that in step 6), the perovskite type is changed to (FA 0.95 MA 0.05 ) 0.95 Cs 0.05 Pb(I 0.95 Br 0.05 )3.

[0252] The battery 20 of device embodiment 20 is the same as that of device embodiment 2, except that in step 6), the perovskite type is changed to (FA 0.95 MA 0.05 )0.95 Cs 0.05 Pb(I 0.95 Br 0.05 )3.

[0253] Device Comparison Example 1

[0254] The comparative cell 1 of device comparative example 1 is the same as device example 17, except that step 4) is not performed, that is, the preparation of the self-assembled molecular layer is not performed.

[0255] Device Comparison Example 2

[0256] The comparative cell 2 of device comparative example 2 is the same as device example 18, except that X1 replaces B1.

[0257] Test Case

[0258] Test method: Use Guangyan's solar simulator to test in accordance with the national standard IEC61215. Use crystalline silicon solar cells to calibrate the light intensity to reach the solar intensity of AM 1.5. Connect the battery to a digital source meter and measure its photoelectric conversion efficiency under light.

[0259] “Optimal efficiency” refers to the peak photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device within 10 days after the device is manufactured; “30th day efficiency” refers to the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the unpackaged device at room temperature and N2 conditions on the 30th day.

[0260] The test results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0261] Table 1

[0262]

[0263]

[0264] It can be seen that the present application can effectively improve the efficiency and stability of the device by adopting a suitable organic compound layer.

[0265] The above description of various embodiments tends to emphasize the differences between the various embodiments. The same or similar aspects can be referenced to each other, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated herein.

[0266] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and the embodiments having the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the main purpose of the present application, various modifications that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other methods of combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a functional layer, wherein the functional layer is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode; the functional layer comprises a stacked perovskite layer and an organic compound layer, wherein the organic compound layer comprises a first organic compound, and the first organic compound has a structural feature shown in the following formula (I): wherein Ar comprises at least one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triarylamine group; L includes a linking group, and n includes 0 or a positive integer; Q includes a reducing group.

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that Q includes at least one of a nitroso group, a phosphite group or a salt thereof.

3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Ar includes at least one of a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C30 heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triarylamine group, wherein the aryl group in the triarylamine group includes a C6-C30 aryl group; Optionally, Ar comprises at least one of the following groups: Wherein, R includes hydrogen, halogen, -R 1 、-OR 1 、-SR 1 、-N(R 1 2. -NHR 1 、-NH2、-OH、-NHCOR 1 、-OCOR 1 、-(CH2) p COOH, C6-C10 aryl, halogen-substituted R 1 or at least one of halogen-substituted C6-C10 aromatic groups; R 1 , C6-C10 aryl is optionally substituted with -N(R 2 2. -NHR 2 and -NH2 are substituted or unsubstituted; R 1 , R 2 Each independently includes C1-C5 alkyl; p includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; m includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; X includes -C(R)2-, -NR-, -O-, -Si(R)2-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR)- or -C(=C(R)2)- at least one of; Further optionally, R includes hydrogen, -R 1 OR 1 At least one of; Further optionally, Ar comprises at least one of the following groups:

4. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: n includes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; Optionally, n includes 0, 1, 2 or 4.

5. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: L includes -C(R)2-, -O-(C(R)2) q -, -NR-, -O-, -Si(R)2-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR)-, or -C(=C(R)2)-; R includes hydrogen, halogen, -R 1 、-OR 1 、-N(R 1 2. -NHR 1 、-NH2、-OH、-NHCOR 1 、-OCOR 1 、-(CH2) p COOH, C6-C10 aryl, halogen-substituted R 1 or at least one of halogen-substituted C6-C10 aromatic groups; R 1 , C6-C10 aryl is optionally substituted with -N(R 2 2. -NHR 2 and -NH2 are substituted or unsubstituted; R 1 , R 2 Including C1-C5 alkyl; p includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; q includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

6. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The functional layer further includes a hole transport layer stacked between the organic compound layer and the first electrode; Optionally, the hole transport layer comprises a p-type metal oxide; further optionally, the hole transport layer comprises NiO x1 、MoO x1 and WO x1 One or more of, wherein x1 includes 2 to 3; Optionally, the hole transport layer has a thickness of 0.1 nm to 50 nm.

7. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The organic compound layer is a self-assembled monolayer, and Q in the first organic compound is an anchoring group; Optionally, the thickness of the organic compound layer is 0.1 nm to 5 nm.

8. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The organic compound layer further includes a second organic compound including a compound containing a phosphoric acid group; Optionally, the mass ratio of the first organic compound to the second organic compound is 1:(0.2-5); Optionally, the second organic compound has a structural feature shown in the following formula (II): Among them, the definitions of Ar`, L`, and n` are the same as Ar, L, and n, respectively. In the organic compound layer, Ar, L, and n in the first organic compound are the same as or different from Ar`, L`, and n` in the second organic compound, respectively.

9. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The first electrode is a transparent electrode; the perovskite solar cell comprises the first electrode, a hole transport layer, the organic compound layer, the perovskite layer, an electron transport layer and the second electrode stacked in sequence; Optionally, the electron transport layer comprises an electron transport material, wherein the electron transport material comprises [6,6]-phenyl C 61 Methyl butyrate, [6,6]-phenyl C 71 Methyl butyrate, Fullerene C 60 , Fullerene C 70 , tin dioxide, zinc oxide, perylene imide materials and naphthyl imide.

10. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The perovskite layer comprises a perovskite material, the chemical formula of which is ABX 2 3 or A2CDX 2 6; wherein A comprises monovalent cations, B comprises divalent cations, C and D comprise monovalent cations and trivalent cations, respectively, and X 2 including monovalent anions; Optionally, A includes Cs + , K + , Rb + , one or more of monovalent amine cations and monovalent amidino cations; Optionally, B includes Pb 2+ Sn 2+ and Ge 2+ One or more of; Optionally, the C ions include Cs + 、Ag + , K + And Ru + One or more of; Optionally, the D ions include Bi 3+ , Sb 3+ andIn 3+ One or more of; Optionally, X 2 Including I - Br - , Cl - , CN - 、SCN - and OCN - One or more of .

11. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The steps include: The functional layer is prepared on the surface of the first electrode; the functional layer includes a stacked perovskite layer and an organic compound layer; A second electrode is prepared on the surface of the functional layer.

12. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 11, characterized in that: The method for preparing the organic compound layer comprises: Mixing the first organic compound with a solvent, applying the resulting mixed solution to the surface of the preform, and performing a film-forming treatment to prepare the organic compound layer; Optionally, the concentration of the mixed solution is 0.05 to 5 mg / mL; Optionally, the film forming treatment includes one or both of annealing treatment and vacuum treatment; further optionally, the annealing treatment is performed at a temperature of 80° C. to 150° C. and for a time of 5 min to 30 min.

13. An organic compound, characterized in that The organic compound has the structural characteristics shown in the following formula (I): wherein Ar comprises at least one of a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triarylamine group; L includes a linking group, and n includes 0 or a positive integer; Q includes a reducing group.

14. The organic compound according to claim 13, characterized in that Q includes at least one of a nitroso group, a phosphite group or a salt thereof.

15. The organic compound according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that Ar includes at least one of a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C30 heteroaryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triarylamine group, wherein the aryl group in the triarylamine group includes a C6-C30 aryl group; Optionally, Ar comprises at least one of the following groups: Wherein, R includes hydrogen, halogen, -R 1 、-OR 1 、-SR 1 、-N(R 1 2. -NHR 1 、-NH2、-OH、-NHCOR 1 、-OCOR 1 、-(CH2) p COOH, C6-C10 aryl, halogen-substituted R 1 or at least one of halogen-substituted C6-C10 aromatic groups; R 1 , C6-C10 aryl is optionally substituted with -N(R 2 2. -NHR 2 and -NH2 are substituted or unsubstituted; R 1 , R 2 Each independently includes C1-C5 alkyl; p includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; m includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; X includes -C(R)2-, -NR-, -O-, -Si(R)2-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR)- or -C(=C(R)2)- at least one of; Further optionally, R includes hydrogen, -R 1 OR 1 At least one of; Further optionally, Ar comprises at least one of the following groups:

16. The organic compound according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that n includes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10; Optionally, n includes 0, 1, 2 or 4.

17. The organic compound according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that L includes -C(R)2-, -O-(C(R)2) q -, -NR-, -O-, -Si(R)2-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR)-, or -C(=C(R)2)-; R includes hydrogen, halogen, -R 1 、-OR 1 、-N(R 1 2. -NHR 1 、-NH2、-OH、-NHCOR 1 、-OCOR 1 、-(CH2) p COOH, C6-C10 aryl, halogen-substituted R 1 or at least one of halogen-substituted C6-C10 aromatic groups; R 1 , C6-C10 aryl is optionally substituted with -N(R 2 2. -NHR 2 and -NH2 are substituted or unsubstituted; R 1 , R 2 Including C1-C5 alkyl; p includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; q includes 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

18. An electrical device, characterized in that: The invention comprises the perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10 or the organic compound according to any one of claims 13 to 17.

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