Drainage ditch efficient excavation device based on adjustable shaping excavator bucket

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient drainage ditch excavation device based on an adjustable shaping excavator bucket, and relates to the technical field of municipal engineering and hydraulic engineering construction. Different design requirements are met by hydraulically adjusting the size of the bucket, the bucket body is formed at a time, manual finishing and template use are reduced, the construction cost is reduced by more than 20%, the excavation precision is controlled by combining GPS positioning and real-time measurement, the groove longitudinal slope and elevation precision is ensured, and the construction efficiency is improved. One-time forming of the drainage ditch and synchronous outward transportation of spoil are achieved, and site accumulation is avoided. According to the scheme, the construction efficiency and quality are remarkably improved, and the method is suitable for municipal drainage engineering under soil texture and strong weathered rock geological conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of municipal engineering and water conservancy engineering construction, and in particular to a drainage ditch efficient excavation device based on an adjustable shaped bucket. Background Art

[0002] Drainage ditches refer to ditches that lead water collected from side ditches, intercepting ditches, and low-lying areas near roadbeds, crops, and houses to outside roadbeds, crops, and houses. Drainage ditch design is based on the drainage system engineering layout and engineering standards to determine the depth and spacing of field drainage ditches, and analyze and calculate the flow, water level, cross-sectional dimensions, and engineering volume of drainage ditches and buildings at all levels.

[0003] Traditional drainage ditch excavation requires multiple excavation and shaping by manual or ordinary buckets, which has low construction efficiency and requires additional templates to fix the trench structure, resulting in material waste and extended construction period. In addition, traditional methods have poor control over the longitudinal slope, elevation and dimensional accuracy of the trench, and often require repeated trimming. The abandoned soil pile occupies the site and affects the construction progress. Therefore, we propose an efficient drainage ditch excavation device based on an adjustable fixed bucket. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of low efficiency, poor precision and site occupation in traditional drainage ditch excavation, and to provide a drainage ditch efficient excavation device based on an adjustable shaped bucket.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A drainage ditch efficient excavation device based on an adjustable shaped bucket, the excavation device comprising:

[0007] Adjustable bucket body;

[0008] A positioning module, the positioning module is integrated on the top of the adjustable bucket body;

[0009] Guide plates, the guide plates being arranged on both sides of the adjustable bucket body;

[0010] A spoil collecting trough is connected to the adjustable bucket body and the dump truck through a guiding device.

[0011] Furthermore, the adjustable bucket body can achieve size adjustment through a hydraulic system, and the adjustable bucket body has an adjustment range of 0.5 to 2.0 m and a depth adjustment range of 0.3 to 1.5 m.

[0012] Furthermore, the positioning module adopts one of GPS or laser transmitter, and supports RTK differential positioning with an elevation accuracy of ±1cm.

[0013] Furthermore, the spoil collecting trough is seamlessly connected to the dump truck, and the spoil collecting trough is loaded with 0.3m 3 , soil unloading time ≤5 seconds.

[0014] Furthermore, the guiding device in the waste soil collecting trough is a guide trough or a conveyor belt system, wherein the guide trough is a V-shaped structure with an inclination angle of 30°.

[0015] A method for efficiently excavating a drainage ditch, comprising any of the excavation devices described above, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Site leveling and measurement and layout: Level the original ground according to the design drawings, measure and lay out to determine the plane position and longitudinal slope of the drainage ditch, and mark the lime excavation line;

[0017] Step 2: Bucket parameter adjustment: adjust the bucket width and depth according to the design dimensions and lock the hydraulic telescopic mechanism;

[0018] Step 3: Excavation operation: The excavator moves backward along the white lime line, and the excavation elevation is controlled by the GPS / laser positioning module, and real-time measurement and calibration are performed every 2 meters;

[0019] Step 4: Synchronous transportation of abandoned soil: The abandoned soil is directly introduced into the dump truck through the collection trough to reduce the stacking on the site.

[0020] Furthermore, during the excavation operation, dual verification is performed through GPS and manual measurement to ensure that the elevation accuracy error is ≤ 2 cm.

[0021] Furthermore, the site leveling and surveying and setting out the lines include the following steps:

[0022] Step 11: Geological survey: Confirm that the construction area is a clay stratum, the groundwater level is 1.5m below the excavation depth, and there are no large obstacles;

[0023] Step 12, equipment selection: select a 20-ton excavator, configure it with the adjustable shaped bucket of the present invention, the pressure range of its hydraulic system is 20-25MPa, and the bucket body is welded and formed by Q345B high-strength steel plate;

[0024] Step 13, benchmark layout: set up wooden stakes every 5m along the center line of the drainage ditch, and use a total station to measure the elevation, with an allowable deviation of ±1cm;

[0025] Step 14. Excavation line marking: Spray white lime powder along the edge of the trench, with a line width of 5 cm. Add direction arrows every 10 meters for straight sections and every 3 meters for curved sections.

[0026] Furthermore, the bucket parameter adjustment includes the following steps:

[0027] Step 21, bucket adjustment: according to the design drawing requirements, start the hydraulic telescopic mechanism through the cab control panel, adjust the width of the bucket side plate and the depth of the bottom scraper, and fix them with mechanical locks;

[0028] Step 22, positioning module calibration: install the RTK-GPS module (positioning accuracy ±1cm) on the top of the bucket, connect it to the excavator control system, and input the designed longitudinal slope value (0.5% slope) and elevation reference point data.

[0029] Furthermore, the excavation operation comprises the following steps:

[0030] Step 31, initial trial excavation: dig a 2m trial excavation section at the starting section, manually check the section size and elevation, and start continuous operation after confirming that it is consistent with the design;

[0031] Step 32, dynamic control: the excavator moves backward along the white lime line with a speed controlled at 0.5m / s; GPS transmits the elevation data of the bottom of the bucket to the display screen in the cab in real time, and the operator adjusts the excavation depth according to the early warning prompt (the alarm is triggered when the deviation is ≥2cm); the excavation is paused every 2m, and the elevation of the trench bottom is manually remeasured using a level (two-person verification), and the data is recorded and uploaded to the construction management platform.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] 1. The present invention forms the bucket body in one step, thereby reducing manual finishing and template usage, and reducing construction costs by more than 20%.

[0034] 2. The GPS of the present invention is combined with manual measurement to ensure the accuracy of the longitudinal slope and elevation of the trench, with a qualified rate of 98%.

[0035] 3. The waste soil of the present invention is transported out synchronously to avoid accumulation on the site, and is suitable for narrow construction environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 is a side sectional view of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a work flow chart of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a workflow diagram of site leveling and measuring and setting out in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a workflow diagram of bucket parameter adjustment in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a workflow diagram of excavation operation in the present invention.

[0042] Figure numerals: 1. adjustable bucket body; 2. positioning module; 3. guide plate; 4. waste soil collection trough. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] See also Figure 1 - Figure 6 The present invention provides a drainage ditch efficient excavation device based on an adjustable shaped bucket, the excavation device comprising:

[0045] Adjustable bucket body 1; the adjustable bucket body 1 can be adjusted in size through a hydraulic system, and the adjustable bucket body 1 has an adjustment range of 0.5 to 2.0 m and a depth adjustment range of 0.3 to 1.5 m, which is suitable for different drainage ditch design sizes. By forming the bucket body in one go, manual finishing and template use are reduced, thereby reducing construction costs by more than 20%.

[0046] Positioning module 2, the positioning module 2 is integrated on the top of the adjustable bucket body 1; the positioning module 2 feeds back excavation data in real time, the positioning module 2 adopts one of GPS or laser transmitter, and supports RTK differential positioning, with an elevation accuracy of ±1cm.

[0047] The guide plates 3 are arranged on both sides of the adjustable bucket body 1; the guide plates 3 can ensure the flatness of the groove side walls.

[0048] The spoil collecting trough 4 is connected to the adjustable bucket body 1 and the dump truck through a guide device; the spoil collecting trough 4 is seamlessly connected to the dump truck, which can realize direct loading and transportation of spoil, and the spoil collecting trough 4 can load 0.3m 3 The guide device in the waste soil collection trough 4 is a guide trough or a conveyor belt system, wherein the guide trough is a V-shaped structure with an inclination of 30°. By setting a conveyor belt, it can be used for the purpose of long-distance waste soil transportation. The waste soil is transported out synchronously to avoid site accumulation, which is suitable for narrow construction environments.

[0049] A method for efficiently excavating a drainage ditch, comprising any of the excavation devices described above, comprising the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Site leveling and measurement and layout: Level the original ground according to the design drawings, measure and lay out to determine the plane position and longitudinal slope of the drainage ditch, and mark the white lime excavation line.

[0051] The steps include:

[0052] Step 11: Geological survey: Confirm that the construction area is a clay stratum, the groundwater level is 1.5m below the excavation depth, and there are no large obstacles;

[0053] Step 12, equipment selection: select a 20-ton excavator, configure the adjustable shaped bucket of the present invention, the pressure range of its hydraulic system is 20-25MPa, and the bucket body is welded and formed by Q345B high-strength steel plate;

[0054] Step 13, benchmark layout: set up wooden stakes every 5m along the center line of the drainage ditch, and use a total station to measure the elevation, with an allowable deviation of ±1cm;

[0055] Step 14. Excavation line marking: Spray white lime powder along the edge of the trench, with a line width of 5 cm. Add direction arrows every 10 meters for straight sections and every 3 meters for curved sections.

[0056] Step 2: Adjust bucket parameters: adjust bucket width and depth according to design dimensions and lock the hydraulic telescopic mechanism.

[0057] The steps include:

[0058] Step 21, bucket adjustment: according to the design drawing requirements, start the hydraulic telescopic mechanism through the cab control panel, adjust the width of the bucket side plate and the depth of the bottom scraper, and fix them with mechanical locks;

[0059] Step 22, positioning module calibration: install the RTK-GPS module (positioning accuracy ±1cm) on the top of the bucket, connect it to the excavator control system, and input the designed longitudinal slope value (0.5% slope) and elevation reference point data.

[0060] Step 3: Excavation operation: The excavator moves backward along the white lime line, and the excavation elevation is controlled by the GPS / laser positioning module. Real-time measurement and calibration are performed every 2 meters. During the excavation operation, double verification by GPS and manual measurement is performed to ensure that the elevation accuracy error is ≤ 2cm.

[0061] Excavation work includes the following steps:

[0062] Step 31, initial trial excavation: dig a 2m trial excavation section at the starting section, manually check the section size and elevation, and start continuous operation after confirming that it is consistent with the design;

[0063] Step 32, dynamic control: the excavator moves backward along the white lime line with a speed controlled at 0.5m / s; GPS transmits the elevation data of the bottom of the bucket to the display screen in the cab in real time, and the operator adjusts the excavation depth according to the early warning prompt (the alarm is triggered when the deviation is ≥2cm); the excavation is paused every 2m, and the elevation of the trench bottom is manually remeasured using a level (two-person verification), and the data is recorded and uploaded to the construction management platform.

[0064] Step 4: Synchronous transportation of abandoned soil: The abandoned soil is directly introduced into the dump truck through the collection trough to reduce the stacking on the site.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] Drainage ditch excavation under standard soil conditions:

[0067] 1. Construction preparation:

[0068] 1) Geological survey: Confirm that the construction area is a clay stratum, the groundwater level is 1.5m lower than the excavation depth, and there are no large obstacles.

[0069] 2) Equipment selection: A 20-ton excavator is selected and equipped with the adjustable shaped bucket described in the present invention. The pressure range of its hydraulic system is 20-25MPa, and the bucket body is welded and formed by Q345B high-strength steel plate.

[0070] 2. Device parameter setting:

[0071] 1) Bucket adjustment: According to the requirements of the design drawings (drainage ditch cross-sectional dimensions: upper width 1.5m, bottom width 0.8m, depth 1.0m), start the hydraulic telescopic mechanism through the cab control panel, adjust the bucket side plates to a width of 1.5m, the bottom scraper to a depth of 1.0m, and fix them with mechanical locks (error ≤±5mm).

[0072] 2) Positioning module calibration: Install the RTK-GPS module (positioning accuracy ±1cm) on the top of the bucket, connect it to the excavator control system, and input the designed longitudinal slope value (0.5% slope) and elevation reference point data.

[0073] 3. Measurement and site processing:

[0074] 1) Benchmark point layout: set up wooden stakes every 5m along the center line of the drainage ditch, and use a total station to measure the elevation, with an allowable deviation of ±1cm.

[0075] 2) Excavation line marking: Spray white lime powder along the edge of the trench, with a line width of 5 cm. Direction arrows are added every 10 m in straight sections and every 3 m in curved sections.

[0076] 4. Excavation work:

[0077] 1) Initial trial excavation: dig a 2m trial excavation section at the starting point, manually check the cross-sectional dimensions and elevations, and start continuous operations after confirming that they are consistent with the design.

[0078] 2) Dynamic control:

[0079] 21) The excavator moves backward along the white lime line, and the speed is controlled at 0.5m / s;

[0080] 22) GPS transmits the elevation data of the bottom of the bucket to the display screen in the cab in real time, and the operator adjusts the digging depth according to the early warning prompt (the alarm is triggered when the deviation is ≥ 2cm);

[0081] 23) Pause every 2m of excavation and use a level to manually remeasure the trench bottom elevation (checked by two people), record the data and upload it to the construction management platform.

[0082] 3) Disposal of spoil: A V-shaped spoil diversion chute (inclination 30°) is set inside the bucket. The spoil slides directly into the cargo box of an 8-ton dump truck parked on the side through the diversion chute. After the truck is fully loaded, it is immediately transported to the designated soil dump.

[0083] 5. Special working condition processing:

[0084] 51) Local hard soil layer: If encountering local hard soil obstruction, switch the bucket to "vibration mode" (the hydraulic motor drives the high-frequency micro-vibration of the bottom of the bucket, frequency 15Hz) to reduce excavation resistance.

[0085] 52) Impact of rain: After excavation, the exposed section should be covered with waterproof tarpaulin in time to prevent the trench slope from collapsing.

[0086] 6. Efficiency comparison:

[0087] Traditional method: It takes 3 days for manual work with ordinary buckets to complete a 200m drainage ditch (including formwork, finishing, and secondary transportation of abandoned soil);

[0088] This solution: 200m of excavation can be completed in 8 hours of continuous work per day, and the waste soil can be transported out simultaneously without the need for formwork support.

[0089] Example 2

[0090] Adaptive adjustment under strongly weathered rock geological conditions:

[0091] 1. Parameter adjustment:

[0092] 11) Bucket reinforcement: The bucket blade is equipped with removable alloy teeth (made of YG8 hard alloy) with a tooth spacing of 15cm to improve rock breaking ability.

[0093] 12) Hydraulic pressure increase: Increase the system working pressure to 28MPa to enhance the bucket cutting force.

[0094] 2. Construction process optimization:

[0095] 21) Layered excavation: The trench with a designed depth of 1.2m is excavated in two layers. After excavating 0.7m in the first layer, the rock debris is cleaned and the remaining 0.5m is excavated.

[0096] 22) Dust reduction measures: Install a spray nozzle on the top of the spoil diversion chute with a water pump pressure of 0.3MPa to suppress dust.

[0097] 3. Accuracy guarantee:

[0098] 31) Manual re-measurement is carried out every 1m of excavation. Since the rock layer can easily cause the bucket to deviate, the GPS data collection frequency is increased to once per second.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] Continuous construction of variable cross-section drainage ditches:

[0101] 1. Dynamic adjustment application:

[0102] 11) Design requirements: The first 100m of the drainage ditch is a rectangular section (1.2m wide x 0.8m deep), and the last 50m gradually changes to a trapezoidal section (1.5m wide at the top, 0.9m wide at the bottom, and 1.0m deep).

[0103] 12) Real-time adjustment: 10m before the transition section, the inclination angle of the bucket side plate is gradually adjusted through the hydraulic system (from 90° to 75°), and the cross-section data in the GPS parameters is modified synchronously to achieve seamless switching.

[0104] 2. Effect verification:

[0105] The cross-sectional dimensions were detected by a laser scanner, and the dimensional error of the transition section was ≤1.5%, meeting the design requirements.

[0106] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A drainage ditch efficient excavation device based on an adjustable shaped bucket, characterized in that: The excavation device comprises: An adjustable bucket body (1); A positioning module (2), the positioning module (2) being integrated on the top of the adjustable bucket body (1); Guide plates (3), the guide plates (3) being arranged on both sides of the adjustable bucket body (1); A waste soil collecting trough (4), wherein the waste soil collecting trough (4) is connected to the adjustable bucket body (1) and the dump truck via a guiding device.

2. According to claim 1, a drainage ditch efficient excavation device based on an adjustable shaped bucket is characterized in that: The adjustable bucket body (1) is dimensionally adjustable through a hydraulic system, and the adjustable bucket body (1) has an adjustment range of 0.5 to 2.0 m and a depth adjustment range of 0.3 to 1.5 m.

3. The drainage ditch efficient excavation device based on an adjustable shaped bucket according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The positioning module (2) adopts one of GPS or laser transmitter, and supports RTK differential positioning with an elevation accuracy of ±1 cm.

4. The device for efficiently digging drainage ditches based on an adjustable shaped bucket according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The waste soil collection trough (4) is seamlessly connected to the dump truck, and the waste soil collection trough (4) can be loaded with 0.3m 3 , soil unloading time ≤5 seconds.

5. The device for efficiently digging drainage ditches based on an adjustable shaped bucket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guiding device in the waste soil collecting trough (4) is a guide trough or a conveyor belt system, wherein the guide trough is a V-shaped structure with an inclination angle of 30°.

6. A method for efficiently excavating a drainage ditch, comprising the excavation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: Step 1: Site leveling and measurement and layout: Level the original ground according to the design drawings, measure and lay out to determine the plane position and longitudinal slope of the drainage ditch, and mark the lime excavation line; Step 2: Bucket parameter adjustment: adjust the bucket width and depth according to the design dimensions and lock the hydraulic telescopic mechanism; Step 3: Excavation operation: The excavator moves backward along the white lime line, and the excavation elevation is controlled by the GPS / laser positioning module, and real-time measurement and calibration are performed every 2 meters; Step 4: Synchronous transportation of abandoned soil: The abandoned soil is directly introduced into the dump truck through the collection trough to reduce the stacking on the site.

7. A method for efficiently excavating a drainage ditch according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the excavation operation, dual verification by GPS and manual measurement is performed to ensure that the elevation accuracy error is ≤ 2 cm.

8. The method for efficiently excavating a drainage ditch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The site leveling and surveying and setting out include the following steps: Step 11: Geological survey: Confirm that the construction area is a clay stratum, the groundwater level is 1.5m below the excavation depth, and there are no large obstacles; Step 12, equipment selection: select a 20-ton excavator, configure it with the adjustable shaped bucket of the present invention, the pressure range of its hydraulic system is 20-25MPa, and the bucket body is welded and formed by Q345B high-strength steel plate; Step 13, benchmark layout: set up wooden stakes every 5m along the center line of the drainage ditch, and use a total station to measure the elevation, with an allowable deviation of ±1cm; Step 14. Excavation line marking: Spray white lime powder along the edge of the trench, with a line width of 5 cm. Add direction arrows every 10 meters for straight sections and every 3 meters for curved sections.

9. The method for efficiently excavating a drainage ditch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bucket parameter adjustment comprises the following steps: Step 21, bucket adjustment: according to the design drawing requirements, start the hydraulic telescopic mechanism through the cab control panel, adjust the width of the bucket side plate and the depth of the bottom scraper, and fix them with mechanical locks; Step 22, positioning module calibration: install the RTK-GPS module (positioning accuracy ±1cm) on the top of the bucket, connect it to the excavator control system, and input the designed longitudinal slope value (0.5% slope) and elevation reference point data.

10. The method for efficiently excavating a drainage ditch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The excavation operation comprises the following steps: Step 31, initial trial excavation: dig a 2m trial excavation section at the starting section, manually check the section size and elevation, and start continuous operation after confirming that it is consistent with the design; Step 32, dynamic control: the excavator moves backward along the white lime line with a speed controlled at 0.5m / s; GPS transmits the elevation data of the bottom of the bucket to the display screen in the cab in real time, and the operator adjusts the excavation depth according to the early warning prompt (the alarm is triggered when the deviation is ≥2cm); the excavation is paused every 2m, and the elevation of the trench bottom is manually remeasured using a level (two-person verification), and the data is recorded and uploaded to the construction management platform.

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