Building external wall thermal insulation fireproof structure and construction method
By adding flame retardant to the polyurethane insulation material on the exterior wall of the building and applying fluorine-containing polyurethane coating and fire-extinguishing microcapsule fire-retardant coating, the problem of flammability of traditional insulation materials is solved, achieving excellent flame retardant effect and thermal insulation effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510109614.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-18
AI Technical Summary
Traditional building exterior wall insulation materials are flammable, resulting in frequent fires in the insulation layer of exterior walls of high-rise buildings, posing a serious threat to life and property safety.
Add flame retardant to the inside of the polyurethane insulation material and apply a fire-resistant coating to its outer surface. The fire-resistant coating consists of fluoro-containing polyurethane coating and fire-extinguishing microcapsules. The fire-extinguishing microcapsules release heptafluorocyclopentane and perfluoroethyl ketone during the fire, quickly absorb heat and extinguish open flames.
It achieves excellent flame retardant effect of the building exterior wall insulation and fire-proof structure, reduces the fire risk on the exterior surface of high-rise buildings, and does not affect the insulation effect and does not increase the quality of the insulation board.
Smart Images
Figure BDA0005256350590000061
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of construction, and more particularly to a building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure and a construction method. Background Art
[0002] In recent years, fires in the insulation layer of exterior walls of high-rise buildings have occurred frequently, posing a serious threat to people's lives and property. Exterior wall insulation materials are a key component of the insulation system of high-rise buildings. Traditional exterior wall insulation materials mainly include organic materials such as polystyrene foam (EPS, XPS) and polyurethane foam. These materials have the advantages of light weight and good insulation effect, so they have been widely used in the market. However, these organic insulation materials also have disadvantages such as flammability, easy aging, and poor durability. Once encountering open flames or high temperatures, these materials will burn rapidly and release a large amount of toxic smoke and heat, posing a serious threat to people's life safety and the structural safety of buildings.
[0003] Faced with the problem of flammability of traditional thermal insulation materials, the main solution at this stage is to add flame retardants to their raw materials, such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, etc. They mainly reduce the burning speed of the material by absorbing heat, decomposing, forming a protective layer, releasing water vapor, etc. Although the above flame retardants have the advantages of high safety, smoke suppression, non-toxicity, and low price, they need to be added in large quantities to achieve the ideal flame retardant effect, and they are still likely to burn when encountering a large area of high-temperature open flames.
[0004] Therefore, providing a building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure with excellent flame retardant effect and a construction method is an urgent problem to be solved by technicians in this field. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a building exterior wall insulation and fireproof structure and construction method, which achieves a more excellent flame retardant effect by adding flame retardant to the interior of the polyurethane insulation material and applying a fire retardant coating on its outer surface, thereby reducing the fire risk on the outer surface of high-rise buildings.
[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] First, the present invention provides a building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure, which comprises a base layer, a leveling layer, a thermal insulation and fireproof layer, and a finishing layer from the inside to the outside;
[0008] The thermal insulation and fireproof layer is a fireproof polyurethane thermal insulation board, which is composed of a polyurethane thermal insulation core material and a fireproof coating;
[0009] The fireproof coating comprises a coating and fire-extinguishing microcapsules, wherein the fire-extinguishing microcapsules are of a core-shell structure, the shell layer is melamine urea-formaldehyde resin, and the core is heptafluorocyclopentane and perfluoroacetone.
[0010] Its beneficial effect is that the fire-extinguishing microcapsule is a new type of high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent. When a fire occurs, the core heptafluorocyclopentane and perfluoroacetone are vaporized, and the shell melamine urea-formaldehyde resin is broken, releasing heptafluorocyclopentane and perfluoroacetone. The two can quickly absorb heat and have excellent flame retardant effects. They can instantly extinguish open flames and prevent combustion.
[0011] The coating material of the fireproof coating is a fluorine-containing polyurethane coating material.
[0012] Its beneficial effects are: the introduction of fluorine atoms can increase the rigidity and regularity of the polyurethane molecular chain, making the coating less likely to undergo thermal depolymerization and decomposition reactions at high temperatures, thereby improving the thermal stability of the material. The initial decomposition temperature of fluorinated polyurethane coatings can be increased by 30°C-50°C compared to ordinary polyurethane coatings. Moreover, during the combustion process, the fluorinated groups will undergo decomposition and recombination reactions, forming a carbonized layer or fluorinated layer rich in fluorine on the surface of the coating. This barrier layer has the function of isolating oxygen, blocking heat transfer, and inhibiting the release of combustible gases.
[0013] The ratio of the coating material to the fire extinguishing microcapsules in the fire retardant coating is 5-7:2-5.
[0014] The polyurethane thermal insulation core material is composed of the following raw materials by weight:
[0015] 15-40 parts of polyester triol, 45-65 parts of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 0.1-1 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, 2-8 parts of azodicarbonamide, 1-5 parts of silicone foam leveling agent, 1-5 parts of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 6-16 parts of sodium fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, 5-15 parts of magnesium oxide, and 1-10 parts of aluminum hydroxide.
[0016] The beneficial effect is that if the fire-retardant coating of common polyurethane materials such as magnesium oxide and aluminum hydroxide is damaged due to external force, the internal polyurethane thermal insulation core material still has a certain flame retardant effect.
[0017] The base layer is a building wall.
[0018] The leveling layer is cement mortar or polymer cement mortar.
[0019] The finishing layer is any one of latex paint, fluorocarbon paint and real stone paint.
[0020] The present application also provides a construction method of the building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure, which specifically includes the following steps:
[0021] (1) Base cleaning
[0022] Use a broom or brush to carefully clean the exterior wall surface from top to bottom to remove dust, spider webs, and loose soil particles attached to the wall;
[0023] (2) Applying leveling layer
[0024] Use cement mortar or polymer cement mortar for leveling. It is required to apply in two layers. The first layer is to apply the mortar evenly on the base with a trowel. During the application process, the mortar should be compacted with force to make it closely combined with the base.
[0025] The second layer is applied on the first layer. After the application is completed, use a long ruler and a trowel to level the surface and adjust the uneven places. Before the mortar is finally set, calendering is performed to make the surface smoother and flatter.
[0026] (3) Install thermal insulation and fireproof layer
[0027] Drill holes at the required positions on the leveling layer, insert expansion bolts, drill holes at the corresponding positions on the fireproof polyurethane insulation board, and use expansion screws to fix the insulation and fireproof layer on the leveling layer;
[0028] (4) Coating the finishing layer
[0029] The finishing paint is sprayed onto the thermal insulation and fireproof layer using spraying equipment to form a finishing layer.
[0030] The first coating thickness is 5-7 mm.
[0031] The second layer is applied with a thickness of 3-5 mm.
[0032] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure and a construction method, and its beneficial effects are as follows:
[0033] The fireproof polyurethane insulation board is used in the building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure of the present invention. When a fire occurs, the fire extinguishing microcapsules in the fireproof coating are broken, and heptafluorocyclopentane and perfluoroacetone are released. The two quickly absorb the ambient temperature and extinguish the open flame through chemical action. At the same time, the fluorine-containing polyurethane coating in the fireproof coating will form a flame retardant layer after burning, which inhibits the recurrence of combustion. The fire extinguishing microcapsules and the fluorine-containing polyurethane coating can cooperate with each other, that is, the open flame ignites the fluorine-containing polyurethane coating, the temperature rises, the fire extinguishing microcapsules are broken, heptafluorocyclopentane and perfluoroacetone are released, and the open flame is quickly extinguished. After the open flame is extinguished, the flame retardant layer formed prevents the occurrence of secondary combustion. Therefore, the building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure of the present application has excellent flame retardant and fireproof effects, effectively solves the problem of flammable outer insulation layer of high-rise buildings, does not affect the insulation effect of the insulation layer, and does not increase the quality of the insulation board. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0035] The invention relates to a thermal insulation and fireproof structure for an exterior wall of a building, which comprises, from the inside to the outside, a base layer, a leveling layer, a thermal insulation and fireproof layer, and a finishing layer; the base layer is a building wall, the leveling layer is cement mortar or polymer cement mortar, the thermal insulation and fireproof layer is a fireproof polyurethane thermal insulation board, and the finishing layer is any one of latex paint, fluorocarbon paint, and real stone paint.
[0036] Among them, the fireproof polyurethane insulation board has excellent thermal insulation and fireproof performance, and its preparation method is as follows:
[0037] Example 1
[0038] (1) Production of polyurethane thermal insulation core material
[0039] The raw materials are weighed according to the weight ratio of 15 parts of polyester triol, 45 parts of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 0.1 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, 2 parts of azodicarbonamide, 1 part of silicone foam leveling agent, 1 part of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 6 parts of sodium methyl fatty acid ester sulfonate, 5 parts of magnesium oxide and 1 part of aluminum hydroxide, quickly mixed and stirred evenly, then put into a mold, cured and formed, to obtain the polyurethane thermal insulation core material.
[0040] (2) Fire retardant coating
[0041] The fluorine-containing polyurethane coating and the fire-extinguishing microcapsules are mixed in a weight ratio of 7:3, and then coated on the surface of the polyurethane thermal insulation core material to obtain a fireproof polyurethane thermal insulation board.
[0042] Example 2
[0043] (1) Production of polyurethane thermal insulation core material
[0044] The raw materials are weighed according to the weight ratio of 25 parts of polyester triol, 55 parts of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 0.5 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, 5 parts of azodicarbonamide, 3 parts of silicone foam leveling agent, 3 parts of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 10 parts of sodium fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, 10 parts of magnesium oxide and 5 parts of aluminum hydroxide, quickly mixed and stirred evenly, then put into a mold, cured and formed, to obtain the polyurethane thermal insulation core material.
[0045] (2) Fire retardant coating
[0046] The fluorine-containing polyurethane coating and the fire-extinguishing microcapsules are mixed in a weight ratio of 6:4, and then coated on the surface of the polyurethane thermal insulation core material to obtain a fireproof polyurethane thermal insulation board.
[0047] Example 3
[0048] (1) Production of polyurethane thermal insulation core material
[0049] The raw materials are weighed according to the weight ratio of 30 parts of polyester triol, 60 parts of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 0.8 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, 6 parts of azodicarbonamide, 4 parts of silicone foam leveling agent, 4 parts of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 12 parts of sodium fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, 12 parts of magnesium oxide and 8 parts of aluminum hydroxide, quickly mixed and stirred evenly, then put into a mold, cured and formed, to obtain the polyurethane thermal insulation core material.
[0050] (2) Fire retardant coating
[0051] The fluorine-containing polyurethane coating and the fire-extinguishing microcapsules are mixed in a weight ratio of 8:2, and then coated on the surface of the polyurethane thermal insulation core material to obtain a fireproof polyurethane thermal insulation board.
[0052] Example 4
[0053] (1) Production of polyurethane thermal insulation core material
[0054] The raw materials are weighed according to the weight ratio of 20 parts of polyester triol, 50 parts of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 0.3 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, 3 parts of azodicarbonamide, 2 parts of silicone foam leveling agent, 2 parts of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, 8 parts of sodium fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, 8 parts of magnesium oxide and 3 parts of aluminum hydroxide, quickly mixed and stirred evenly, then put into a mold, cured and formed, to obtain the polyurethane thermal insulation core material.
[0055] (2) Fire retardant coating
[0056] The fluorine-containing polyurethane coating and the fire-extinguishing microcapsules are mixed in a weight ratio of 7:3, and then coated on the surface of the polyurethane thermal insulation core material to obtain a fireproof polyurethane thermal insulation board.
[0057] Example 5
[0058] (1) Production of polyurethane thermal insulation core material
[0059] The raw materials are weighed according to the weight ratio of 35 parts of polyester triol, 62 parts of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 0.6 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, 7 parts of azodicarbonamide, 4.5 parts of silicone foam leveling agent, 4.5 parts of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 14 parts of sodium fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, 14 parts of magnesium oxide and 9 parts of aluminum hydroxide, quickly mixed and stirred evenly, then put into a mold, cured and formed, to obtain a polyurethane thermal insulation core material.
[0060] (2) Fire retardant coating
[0061] The fluorine-containing polyurethane coating and the fire-extinguishing microcapsules are mixed in a weight ratio of 5:5, and then coated on the surface of the polyurethane thermal insulation core material to obtain a fireproof polyurethane thermal insulation board.
[0062] Comparative Example 1
[0063] (1) Production of polyurethane thermal insulation core material
[0064] The raw materials are weighed according to the weight ratio of 15 parts of polyester triol, 45 parts of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 0.1 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, 2 parts of azodicarbonamide, 1 part of silicone foam leveling agent, 1 part of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 6 parts of sodium methyl fatty acid ester sulfonate, 5 parts of magnesium oxide and 1 part of aluminum hydroxide, quickly mixed and stirred evenly, then put into a mold, cured and formed, to obtain the polyurethane thermal insulation core material.
[0065] (2) Fire retardant coating
[0066] The fluorine-containing polyurethane coating is applied to the surface of the polyurethane thermal insulation core material to obtain a fireproof polyurethane thermal insulation board.
[0067] Fireproof polyurethane insulation board performance test
[0068] The performance test of the fireproof polyurethane insulation board prepared in the embodiment was carried out with reference to QB / T3806-1999 "Rigid polyurethane foam plastics for building insulation", and the results are shown in the following table:
[0069]
[0070] The test results show that the combustion performance of the products prepared in this application reaches the A1 level, while the combustion performance of the products without adding fire extinguishing microcapsules only reaches the A2 level.
[0071] Example 6
[0072] Construction method of thermal insulation and fireproof structure of building exterior wall
[0073] (1) Base cleaning
[0074] Use a broom or brush to carefully clean the exterior wall surface from top to bottom to remove dust, spider webs, and loose soil particles attached to the wall;
[0075] (2) Applying leveling layer
[0076] Use cement mortar or polymer cement mortar for leveling. It is required to apply in two layers. The first layer is to apply the mortar evenly on the base with a trowel. The thickness is 5-7mm. During the application process, the mortar should be compacted to make it closely combined with the base.
[0077] The second layer is applied on the first layer with a thickness of 3-5mm. After the application is completed, use a long ruler and a trowel to level the surface and adjust the uneven places. Before the mortar is finally set, calendering is performed to make the surface smoother and flatter.
[0078] (3) Install thermal insulation and fireproof layer
[0079] Drill holes at the required positions on the leveling layer, insert expansion bolts, drill holes at the corresponding positions on the fireproof polyurethane insulation board, and use expansion screws to fix the insulation and fireproof layer on the leveling layer;
[0080] (4) Coating the finishing layer
[0081] The finishing paint is sprayed onto the thermal insulation and fireproof layer using spraying equipment to form a finishing layer.
[0082] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure, characterized in that: From inside to outside, they are base layer, leveling layer, thermal insulation and fireproof layer, and finishing layer; The thermal insulation and fireproof layer is a fireproof polyurethane thermal insulation board, which is composed of a polyurethane thermal insulation core material and a fireproof coating; The fireproof coating comprises a coating and fire-extinguishing microcapsules, wherein the fire-extinguishing microcapsules are of a core-shell structure, the shell layer is melamine urea-formaldehyde resin, and the core is heptafluorocyclopentane and perfluoroacetone.
2. A building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating material of the fireproof coating is a fluorine-containing polyurethane coating material.
3. A building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the coating material to the fire extinguishing microcapsules in the fireproof coating is 5-7:2-5.
4. A building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyurethane thermal insulation core material is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 15-40 parts of polyester triol, 45-65 parts of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 0.1-1 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, 2-8 parts of azodicarbonamide, 1-5 parts of silicone foam leveling agent, 1-5 parts of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 6-16 parts of sodium fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, 5-15 parts of magnesium oxide, and 1-10 parts of aluminum hydroxide.
5. The building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base layer is a building wall.
6. A building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leveling layer is cement mortar or polymer cement mortar.
7. The building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The finishing layer is any one of latex paint, fluorocarbon paint and real stone paint.
8. A construction method for the building exterior wall thermal insulation and fireproof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The specific steps include: (1) Base cleaning Use a broom or brush to carefully clean the exterior wall surface from top to bottom to remove dust, spider webs, and loose soil particles attached to the wall; (2) Applying leveling layer Use cement mortar or polymer cement mortar for leveling. It is required to apply in two layers. The first layer is to apply the mortar evenly on the base with a trowel. During the application process, the mortar should be compacted with force to make it closely combined with the base. The second layer is applied on the first layer. After the application is completed, use a long ruler and a trowel to level the surface and adjust the uneven places. Before the mortar is finally set, calendering is performed to make the surface smoother and flatter. (3) Install thermal insulation and fireproof layer Drill holes at the required positions on the leveling layer, insert expansion bolts, drill holes at the corresponding positions on the fireproof polyurethane insulation board, and use expansion screws to fix the insulation and fireproof layer on the leveling layer; (4) Coating the finishing layer The finishing paint is sprayed onto the thermal insulation and fireproof layer using spraying equipment to form a finishing layer.
9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first coating thickness is 5-7 mm.
10. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second layer is applied with a thickness of 3-5 mm.