Adjustable photoelectric internal sunshade and ventilation system of transparent roof and working method of adjustable photoelectric internal sunshade and ventilation system

Abstract

The invention relates to an adjustable photoelectric internal sunshade and ventilation system for a transparent roof and a working method thereof.The system comprises skylight glass arranged at the top of a roof structure, a plurality of adjustable photoelectric sunshade plates are hung below the skylight glass, and each photoelectric sunshade plate is independently connected with a folding rotating mechanism; and a side window is arranged on the side edge of the roof structure. The movable sunshade mechanism capable of being adjusted along with seasons can be formed by combining collection and application of solar energy. Meanwhile, the air convection channels are utilized, and natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation modes are adopted, so that different air convection channels suitable for winter and summer are formed. The photoelectric sun shield, the electric side window and the mechanical ventilation system are controlled to be automatically opened and closed through the photosensitive sensor, the temperature sensor and the solar power generation device, meanwhile, corresponding combined working modes are achieved according to weather conditions, the indoor thermal environment is adjusted in real time, and energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of building roofs, and more particularly to an adjustable photoelectric internal sunshade and ventilation system for a transparent roof and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Glass-top atrium elements are widely used in large public buildings. As a special building space structure, the use of large-area glass materials in the atrium brings a wide field of vision and visual comfort to the indoor environment of the building, but it also has a great impact on the building energy consumption and the thermal environment inside the atrium. This is especially true in areas with hot summers and cold winters, where the temperature difference between winter and summer is large. In summer, the strong direct sunlight can easily cause the internal environment of the atrium to overheat, greatly increasing energy consumption.

[0003] In order to improve the summer environment of the atrium, some buildings have also adopted corresponding fixed internal shading measures. However, internal shading has not been recognized as an effective method in the field of building energy-saving design. At the same time, due to comprehensive reasons such as economy, safety, and technology, external shading is also a technical measure that architects have been trying to avoid. In this case, the application of building shading seems to have reached a dead end.

[0004] In addition, although movable shading is a technical measure that is particularly suitable for the climate characteristics of hot summers and cold winters, its application prospects are not optimistic, especially for intelligent movable building exterior shading facilities as architectural design elements, which are not used by ordinary buildings due to their high technical threshold. Based on this application status, this technical research aims to break through the technical barriers of building exterior shading and building interior shading, and solve the building light and heat environment and energy consumption problems of building transparent roofs, a special but popular application scenario. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an adjustable photovoltaic internal shading and ventilation system for a transparent roof and a working method thereof, which can realize corresponding combined working modes according to climatic conditions to achieve real-time adjustment of the indoor thermal environment and save energy consumption.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: constructing an adjustable photoelectric internal shading and ventilation system for a transparent roof, including a skylight glass arranged on the top of the roof structure, and a plurality of adjustable photoelectric visors are suspended under the skylight glass, each photoelectric visor is individually connected to a folding and rotating mechanism, and side windows are provided on the sides of the roof structure.

[0007] According to the above scheme, the folding and rotating mechanism includes a rotating motor, an active rocker arm, a connecting rod and a slave rocker arm. The slave rocker arm is installed on the side of the photoelectric sun visor. The rotating motor controls the slave rocker arm to swing through the active rocker arm and the connecting rod.

[0008] According to the above scheme, a photosensitive sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged on the skylight glass, and the rotating motor is connected with the human infrared sensor, the photosensitive sensor and the temperature sensor.

[0009] According to the above scheme, adjacent photoelectric sunshades are connected at the joints by magnetic sheets.

[0010] According to the above solution, a mechanical ventilation device connected to the indoor room is also provided at the bottom of the roof structure.

[0011] The present invention also provides a working method of an adjustable photovoltaic internal sunshade and ventilation system for a transparent roof, including the following modes:

[0012] When the daytime temperature is high in summer and the solar radiation is strong, the photovoltaic sunshade is closed, and the roof structure, skylight glass, side windows and photovoltaic sunshade form an air isolation layer, which is discharged to the outdoors in the form of natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation to form an effective heat exchange;

[0013] When ventilation is needed in spring, autumn or summer nights, open the photoelectric sunshade and the side windows at the same time to maximize natural ventilation indoors and outdoors;

[0014] In winter, when the sunlight is weak, close the photoelectric sunshade and the side windows to reduce the exchange of indoor and outdoor air;

[0015] In winter, when the sun is strong, when the skylight glass begins to receive sunlight, the photovoltaic sunshade is folded and the light-receiving surface is vertical; when the indoor temperature of the building that can receive sunlight through the atrium rises and exceeds the indoor heating design temperature, the photovoltaic sunshade can be unfolded to form an isolation layer; at the same time, the side windows are closed to reduce indoor and outdoor air exchange, and heat is collected through the air isolation layer to heat other people's activity spaces. The transparent roof adjustable photovoltaic internal sunshade and ventilation system and its working method of the present invention have the following features:

[0016] Beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The present invention can combine the collection and application of solar energy to form a movable sunshade mechanism that can be adjusted according to the seasons. At the same time, the air convection channel is used, and natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation are adopted to form different air convection channels suitable for winter and summer.

[0018] 2. The present invention utilizes photosensors, temperature sensors and solar power generation devices to control the photoelectric sunshade, electric side windows and mechanical ventilation system to achieve automatic opening and closing, and at the same time realizes corresponding combined working modes according to climatic conditions to achieve real-time adjustment of the indoor thermal environment and save energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 Cross-section of adjustable photovoltaic visor unit assembly (open);

[0021] Figure 2 Adjustable photovoltaic visor unit assembly cross-section (closed);

[0022] Figure 3 A magnified view of the sun visor connection;

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the adjustable photoelectric sunshade unit assembly;

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the transparent roof's adjustable photovoltaic internal shading and ventilation system;

[0025] Figure 6 Sectional view of the transparent roof’s adjustable photovoltaic internal shading and ventilation system (mode 1);

[0026] Figure 7 Working principle diagram of transparent roof adjustable photovoltaic internal shading and ventilation system (mode 1);

[0027] Figure 8 Sectional view of the transparent roof’s adjustable photovoltaic internal shading and ventilation system (mode 2);

[0028] Fig. 9 Working principle diagram of transparent roof adjustable photovoltaic internal shading and ventilation system (mode 2);

[0029] Fig.10 Sectional view of the transparent roof’s adjustable photovoltaic internal shading and ventilation system (mode 3);

[0030] Fig.11 Working principle diagram of transparent roof adjustable photovoltaic internal shading and ventilation system (mode 3);

[0031] Fig.12 Sectional view of the transparent roof’s adjustable photovoltaic internal shading and ventilation system (mode 4);

[0032] Fig.13 Working principle diagram of transparent roof adjustable photovoltaic internal shading and ventilation system (mode 4). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] like Figure 1-5As shown, the adjustable photoelectric internal shading and ventilation system of the transparent roof of the present invention includes a skylight glass 9 arranged on the top of the roof structure 11, and a plurality of adjustable photoelectric visors 7 are suspended under the skylight glass 9, each photoelectric visor 7 is individually connected to the folding and rotating mechanism, and side windows 10 are provided on the sides of the roof structure 11.

[0035] Preferably, the folding and rotating mechanism includes a rotating motor 3, an active rocker arm 4, a connecting rod 5 and a slave rocker arm 6. The slave rocker arm 6 is installed on the side of the photoelectric sun visor 7. The rotating motor 3 controls the slave rocker arm 6 to swing through the active rocker arm 4 and the connecting rod 5.

[0036] Preferably, a photosensitive sensor 1 and a temperature sensor 2 are provided on the skylight glass 9 , and the rotating motor 3 is connected to the human infrared sensor, the photosensitive sensor 1 and the temperature sensor 2 .

[0037] Preferably, adjacent photoelectric sunshades 7 are connected at the joints by magnetic sheets 8 .

[0038] Preferably, a mechanical ventilation device 12 connected to the interior is also provided at the bottom of the roof structure 11.

[0039] The photoelectric sunshade 7 of the present invention has the following features:

[0040] Photoelectric sunshade 7 is considered according to the full area of ​​the transparent part of the roof. Considering that there is still a maximum photoelectric collection area and a certain lighting effect when the photoelectric sunshade 7 is fully unfolded, the area of ​​the photoelectric sunshade 7 can be equal to the maximum unfolded area.

[0041] The light transmittance of the photovoltaic sunshade 7 should be determined in combination with the light transmittance of the glass roof, so that the combined light transmittance meets the provisions of Article 3.1.10 of the General Specification for Building Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization GB55015-2021. For the scope of this project, the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of the transparent part of the roof is not greater than 0.30. Since the power generation of the photovoltaic sunshade 7 is proportional to the light intensity and inversely proportional to its own light transmittance, the principle of maximizing the photovoltaic benefit is taken into account. The greater the light transmittance of the transparent roof of the building, the better, and a high light transmittance material with a light transmittance greater than 90% is used, while the photovoltaic sunshade 7 uses a material with a light transmittance of about 30%.

[0042] Since it is used on the inner side of the glass roof, in order to ensure its safety, while taking anti-falling measures into consideration, the substrate of the photovoltaic sunshade 7 is made of a light, weather-resistant, light-transmitting material.

[0043] The configuration principles of power usage of the photovoltaic sunshade 7 are as follows: in winter and summer, the system's own power consumption must be considered, and excess power can be supplied to the building where it is located or exported to the power grid; in transitional seasons, all power is considered to be supplied to the building where it is located or exported to the power grid; a certain capacity of power storage capacity can be configured to expand the performance of the system.

[0044] The photoelectric sun visor 7 has a certain photoelectric collection capability when it is fully folded, and the photoelectric collection capability is maximum when the component is fully unfolded. The power for folding and unfolding the photoelectric sun visor 7 is completely derived from self-generated electricity.

[0045] After the photoelectric sunshade 7 is fully unfolded, it is engaged and connected by the magnetic sheet 8, and finally all the photoelectric sunshades 7 can be connected into one piece ( Figure 3 ), and maintain a certain distance between it and the glass roof to form a relatively stable air isolation and convection layer.

[0046] The adjustable photoelectric sun visor 7 works as follows:

[0047] The photoelectric sunshade 7 is installed under the skylight glass 9 of the matching model and size, and the indoor and outdoor temperature, sunshine and indoor personnel activities are collected through the photosensitive sensor 1, the temperature sensor 2 and the human infrared sensor. After the information is integrated, it is transmitted to the central control motor, which controls the motor to rotate, and controls the slave rocker arm 6 to swing at a certain angle through the active rocker arm 4 and the connecting rod 5. The slave rocker arm 6 is installed on the side of the photoelectric sunshade 7, and forms a working state of multiple angles with the photoelectric sunshade 7 at the same time.

[0048] The transparent roof adjustable photovoltaic internal sunshade and ventilation system of the present invention works as follows:

[0049] (1) Sunshade and heat insulation mode ( Figure 6 , Figure 7 )

[0050] It is suitable for summer days when the temperature is high and the solar radiation is strong. Under the sunlight during the summer day, the overall temperature of the atrium space under the transparent roof rises quickly, and the temperature of the air layer close to the bottom of the glass roof is the highest. This air layer can be isolated and discharged to the outside in the form of natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation to form an effective heat exchange, which can solve the problem that the internal shading form has no effect on the energy consumption of the building.

[0051] The photoelectric sunshade is completely closed to form physical isolation, and the air above the photoelectric sunshade forms an air isolation layer. The thickness of the isolation layer should not be too thick. When natural ventilation is mainly used, the volume of the air isolation layer should match the capacity of natural ventilation so that the air in the isolation layer can ensure effective ventilation times; open the side windows for natural ventilation or use mechanical ventilation at the same time, and it is advisable that self-generation can fully meet the energy consumption of mechanical ventilation; the thickness of the isolation layer is related to the clearance height of the atrium. As the clearance increases, the thickness of the isolation layer should be appropriately increased. In addition to the isolation layer, the convection channel also includes ventilation inlets and outlets, which can keep the space above the isolation layer in convection balance and prevent the air below the isolation layer from participating in the convection organization; among them, the air inlet should be placed preferentially on the side of the glass roof where the outdoor ambient temperature is lower in summer.

[0052] During the hottest time of summer, the convection channel operates, and the extremely high temperature of the air in the isolation layer is greatly reduced, which reduces the temperature of the lower surface of the photovoltaic sunshade and is far lower than the inner surface temperature of the glass roof. This reduces the inner surface temperature of the top maintenance structure used in the energy consumption calculation of the building's atrium, thereby reducing the building's summer air-conditioning energy consumption.

[0053] (2) Ventilation and cooling mode Figure 8 , Fig. 9 )

[0054] Applicable to transitional seasons and summer nights. During the summer daytime, solar radiation causes buildings to absorb a lot of heat. Since the walls absorb heat quickly and dissipate heat slowly, the indoor temperature is still high at night. Therefore, when the indoor temperature is significantly higher than the outdoor temperature and there is no strong solar radiation, the ventilation and heat dissipation mode is adopted.

[0055] At this time, the photoelectric sunshade is fully opened, and the side windows are opened at the same time to maximize natural ventilation between indoor and outdoor areas and reduce indoor temperature.

[0056] (3) Weak lighting heat collection mode ( Fig.10 , Fig.11 )

[0057] Applicable to winter, when the sun is weak, the overall temperature of the atrium space under the transparent roof is faster than that of the opaque roof. At the same time, the sensor recognizes that there are obvious traces of human activity in the atrium, and the weak lighting and heat collection mode should be adopted.

[0058] At this time, the photoelectric sunshade can be closed and the side windows can be closed to reduce the exchange of indoor and outdoor air, and the greenhouse effect can be used to the maximum extent to provide natural sunlight and heating for people in the atrium.

[0059] (4) Strong lighting and heat collection mode ( Fig.12 , Fig.13 )

[0060] Suitable for winter, when the sun is strong, the overall temperature of the atrium space under the transparent roof rises faster than that of the opaque roof, and the air layer close to the bottom of the glass roof has the highest temperature and strong light. It can also provide heating for other rooms while meeting the needs of the atrium personnel. It should be utilized to reduce the heating energy consumption of other rooms in the building in winter.

[0061] At the beginning of the day when the glass roof begins to receive sunlight, the photovoltaic sunshade is folded and the light-receiving surface is vertical. Due to the low solar altitude angle in winter, the photovoltaic sunshade still has a certain power generation capacity; when the indoor temperature of the building that can receive sunlight through the atrium rises and exceeds the indoor heating design temperature, the photovoltaic sunshade can be unfolded to form an isolation layer. At the same time, the side windows are closed to reduce the exchange of indoor and outdoor air, and the heat collected by the isolation layer is used to heat the activity space of other personnel.

[0062] In addition to the isolation layer, the convection channel also includes ventilation air supply and return vents, which are extended to other heating spaces in the building through ventilation ducts; the organization of the entire convection channel forms an internal circulation inside the building, and no heat exchange occurs with the outdoor air; air convection is in a fully mechanical form, using photovoltaic sunshades to generate electricity. Since mechanical air exchange needs to continue after the end of sunshine, a certain amount of electricity storage capacity can be considered. In winter when there is sunshine, the hot air gathered under the glass roof can be driven by the self-generated electricity of the photovoltaic sunshade to drive the mechanical ventilation facilities, and form heat exchange with the heating space inside the building through ventilation ducts, thereby reducing the building's winter heating energy consumption.

[0063] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable photovoltaic internal sunshade and ventilation system for a transparent roof, comprising a skylight glass arranged on the top of the roof structure, characterized in that: A plurality of adjustable photoelectric sunshades are suspended below the skylight glass, each of which is individually connected to a folding and rotating mechanism, and side windows are arranged on the sides of the roof structure.

2. The adjustable photovoltaic internal sunshade and ventilation system for a transparent roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The folding and rotating mechanism comprises a rotating motor, an active rocker arm, a connecting rod and a slave rocker arm. The slave rocker arm is installed on the side of the photoelectric sun visor. The rotating motor controls the slave rocker arm to swing through the active rocker arm and the connecting rod.

3. The adjustable photovoltaic internal sunshade and ventilation system for a transparent roof according to claim 2, characterized in that: The skylight glass is provided with a photosensitive sensor and a temperature sensor, and the rotating motor is connected with the human infrared sensor, the photosensitive sensor and the temperature sensor.

4. The adjustable photovoltaic internal sunshade and ventilation system for a transparent roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adjacent photoelectric sun visors are connected at the joints by magnetic sheets.

5. The adjustable photovoltaic internal sunshade and ventilation system for a transparent roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mechanical ventilation device connected to the interior is also provided at the bottom of the roof structure.

6. A method for operating the adjustable photovoltaic internal shading and ventilation system for a transparent roof according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following modes are included: When the daytime temperature is high in summer and the solar radiation is strong, the photovoltaic sunshade is closed, and the roof structure, skylight glass, side windows and photovoltaic sunshade form an air isolation layer, which is discharged to the outdoors in the form of natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation to form an effective heat exchange; When ventilation is needed in spring, autumn or summer nights, open the photoelectric sunshade and the side windows at the same time to maximize natural ventilation indoors and outdoors; In winter, when the sunlight is weak, close the photoelectric sunshade and the side windows to reduce the exchange of indoor and outdoor air; In winter, when the sun is strong, when the skylight glass begins to receive sunlight, the photovoltaic sunshade is folded and the illuminated surface is in a vertical state. When the indoor temperature of the building that can receive sunlight through the atrium rises and is higher than the indoor heating design temperature, the photovoltaic sunshade can be unfolded to form an isolation layer. At the same time, the side windows are closed to reduce indoor and outdoor air exchange, and the air isolation layer is used to collect heat to heat the activity space for other people.

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