Method for quickly identifying failure of drill bit of vertical shaft drilling machine on ground

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly recognizing failure of a shaft drill bit on the ground. A sensor used for monitoring the operation state of a hob is installed on the shaft drill bit. The sensor generates and sends a hob operation state signal; a floating ball signal transmission early warning device is mounted in a center hole of the drill bit; the floating ball information transmission early warning device comprises a data processing module, a control module and a floating ball bin. The data processing module is in communication connection with the sensor and the control module, the control module is in driving connection with the floating ball bin, and a floating ball is contained in the floating ball bin; the data processing module receives a hob operation state signal and judges whether the hob fails or not; when the hob fails, the data processing module sends a control signal to the control module, and the control module controls the floating ball bin to release the floating ball. The method is easy to implement, the used equipment is easy to install and maintain, and the fault recognition efficiency and the drilling safety are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction, and more particularly to a method for quickly identifying vertical shaft drilling rig drill bit failure on the ground. Background Art

[0002] In the drilling construction of vertical shaft drilling rigs, the cutter is the core component of rock breaking, and its performance and operating status directly affect the drilling efficiency and construction safety. However, since the cutter needs to operate for a long time in a high-pressure mud environment and is in direct contact with hard rocks, it often faces problems such as wear, bearing damage or mud blockage, which may cause the cutter to fail, resulting in interruption of drilling operations, equipment damage or more serious construction accidents.

[0003] Traditionally, the monitoring of cutter failures has mainly relied on regular manual inspections or indirect analysis of changes in drilling efficiency. However, these methods have limitations. This is because manual inspections require shutdown operations and cannot detect problems in the early stages of cutter failure. Indirect analysis relies on changes in efficiency, and usually the best time for intervention has been missed. Some existing technologies use sensors to monitor the operating status of the cutters and send out alarm signals. Since the drill pipe length can reach hundreds to thousands of meters, the mud-flooded underground environment makes it extremely difficult to lay sensor cables, which not only reduces drilling production efficiency but also affects system reliability. Summary of the invention

[0004] To this end, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for quickly identifying shaft drilling rig drill bit failure on the ground, using a float signal warning device to analyze the roller cutter status in real time, and releasing the float when the roller cutter failure is identified. The float quickly rises to the ground mud pool with the help of the buoyancy of the drilling mud, and is identified by magnetic adsorption and visual recognition devices and sends out a graded alarm signal. The method is easy to implement, and the equipment used is easy to install and maintain, which effectively improves the efficiency of fault identification and drilling safety.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for quickly identifying shaft drilling rig drill bit failure on the ground comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step (a): installing a sensor for monitoring the operation status of the roller cutter on the drill bit of the shaft drilling rig; the sensor generates and sends a roller cutter operation status signal;

[0008] Step (b): installing a float signal transmission warning device in the center hole of the drill bit; the float signal transmission warning device includes a data processing module, a control module and a float bin; the data processing module is respectively connected to the sensor and the control module for communication, the control module is connected to the float bin for driving, and the float bin contains a float;

[0009] Step (c): the data processing module receives a cutter operation status signal to determine whether the cutter has failed; when the data processing module determines that the cutter has failed, the data processing module sends a control signal to the control module, and the control module controls the float bin to release the float, and the float floats up under the action of the drilling mud in the center hole of the drill bit;

[0010] Step (d): the float ball enters a surface mud pool, and the surface mud pool is in fluid communication with the center hole of the drill bit;

[0011] Step (e): a magnetic adsorption device arranged at the ground mud pool attracts and fixes the floating balls entering the ground mud pool, and a visual recognition device arranged above the magnetic adsorption device recognizes the number and appearance time of the floating balls;

[0012] Step (f): the alarm device sends out an alarm according to the number and appearance time of the floating balls identified by the visual recognition device; the alarm device is communicatively connected with the visual recognition device.

[0013] By installing sensors and float signal warning devices, this method realizes real-time monitoring and early warning of the operating status of the drill cutter. When the cutter fails, the float is released and floats to the mud pool on the ground, where it is identified by magnetic adsorption and visual recognition devices, thereby triggering an alarm. This method does not require the laying of extra-long cables and is not affected by well depth and environment, which improves the safety and efficiency of drilling operations.

[0014] In the above method, in step (e), the magnetic adsorption device is arranged at the connecting position between the ground mud pool and the center hole of the drill bit. The magnetic adsorption device with a magnet installed inside is arranged at the connecting position between the ground mud pool and the center hole of the drill bit, ensuring that the float can be "captured" and fixed by the magnetic adsorption device as soon as possible after entering the ground mud pool, thereby enabling the visual recognition device to accurately identify the number of floats and the time of appearance.

[0015] In the above method, the material of the float is magnetic metal, and the outer surface of the float is coated with a colored wear-resistant coating. The magnetic metal material enables the float to be effectively captured by the magnetic adsorption device, and the colored wear-resistant coating improves the visibility and durability of the float.

[0016] In the above method, in step (a), the sensor is arranged near the hob; and the hob operation status signal is a measured value of the rotation speed of the hob.

[0017] In the above method, in step (c), when the measured value of the rotation speed of the roller is equal to 0, the float signal warning device determines that the roller has failed.

[0018] In the above method, the number of the sensors is greater than or equal to 2; each sensor is used to detect the rotation speed of one of the roller cutters, and send a rotation speed measurement value to the float signal warning device respectively;

[0019] In step (c), the number of the floats is greater than or equal to 2; when the number of the rollers with a rotation speed of 0 increases, the number of the floats released by the float bin increases. When there are multiple floats, the method can achieve multi-level warning of roller failure.

[0020] In the above method, the float bin includes a ball storage box and a box cover, the ball outlet of the ball storage box faces the center hole of the drill bit, and two parallel and opposite slide grooves are provided at the ball outlet; the box cover is slidably connected to the ball storage box through the slide grooves and covers the ball outlet; the box cover is drivingly connected to the control module; the float is accommodated in the inner cavity of the ball storage box;

[0021] When the number of the rollers with a rotation speed of 0 is 0, the box cover closes the ball outlet; when the number of the rollers with a rotation speed of 0 increases, the control module drives the box cover to slide in the slide groove, the opening degree of the ball outlet increases, and the floats enter the center hole of the drill bit one by one.

[0022] In the above method, in step (f), the alarm device includes an audible and visual alarm, a console alarm and a mobile terminal alarm; the audible and visual alarm, the console alarm and the mobile terminal alarm are respectively communicatively connected to the visual recognition device.

[0023] In the above method, the sound and light alarm adjusts the intensity of the sound and light alarm according to the number of the floating balls identified by the visual recognition device and the interval between the appearance times of the floating balls.

[0024] In the above method, the intensity of the sound and light alarm is level 1, level 2 and level 3 from low to high, wherein:

[0025] When the number of the floating balls identified by the visual recognition device is 1, the sound and light alarm issues a level 1 alarm;

[0026] When the number of the floating balls identified by the visual recognition device is greater than 1, and the interval between the appearance of the floating balls is greater than 1 minute, the sound and light alarm will issue a level 2 alarm;

[0027] When the number of the floating balls identified by the visual recognition device is greater than 1, and the interval between the appearance of the floating balls is less than or equal to 1 minute, the sound and light alarm will issue a level 3 alarm. Different levels of alarm sound and light intensity can reflect the severity and urgency of the fault, providing drilling operators with more intuitive fault information.

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

[0029] 1. The present invention realizes the technical optimization of the whole process from real-time monitoring of the roller cutter operation status to ground fault identification through the float signal transmission warning device. The sensor can accurately monitor the rotation speed of the roller cutter and generate a roller cutter operation status signal. When the roller cutter rotation speed is 0, the float signal transmission warning device determines that the roller cutter has failed and releases the float. The float quickly floats to the ground mud pool with the help of mud buoyancy, is captured by the magnetic adsorption device, and is accurately identified by the visual recognition device, further triggering the alarm device to alarm. The present invention does not need to lay extra-long cables, is not affected by the well depth and environment, realizes the rapid transmission of fault information from underground to the ground, and improves the safety and efficiency of drilling operations.

[0030] 2. The method provided in the present invention is designed with multiple float release and three-level alarm functions according to the severity of roller cutter failure. When the number of roller cutter failures is large or a large number of failures occur in a short period of time, the float signal warning device can automatically release multiple floats, the visual recognition device identifies the number of floats and the time of appearance, and the alarm device adjusts the alarm intensity according to the number of floats and the interval between the time of appearance, and prompts the severity of the fault step by step. This dynamic alarm mechanism improves the response capability to emergency failures, and operators can quickly take corresponding measures according to the alarm level to avoid more serious construction interruptions or equipment damage. In addition, the float is made of magnetic metal material and wear-resistant color coating design, combined with a magnetic adsorption device and a visual recognition device, which enhances the reliability and efficiency of identifying the float in a high-pressure mud environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the installation position of the float signaling warning device in the drill bit of the vertical shaft drilling rig in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of the floating ball bin in the present invention.

[0033] The reference numerals in the figure are as follows: 1- shaft drilling rig drill bit; 2- float signal warning device; 201- ball storage box; 202- box cover; 203- slide groove; 3- drill bit center hole; 4- roller cutter; 5- float ball. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This embodiment provides a method for quickly identifying drill bit failure of a shaft drilling rig, wherein the operating status of the roller cutter is monitored by a sensor, and a float signaling warning device 2 is used to release the float, which floats to the ground to complete a fault warning.

[0036] The completion of the method provided in this embodiment mainly relies on the following components:

[0037] 1. Sensor: Installed near the roller cutter 4 on the bottom surface of the shaft drilling rig drill bit 1, used to monitor the operating status of the roller cutter and generate a roller cutter operating status signal. Specifically, the sensor monitors the operating status of the roller cutter by measuring the rotation speed of the roller cutter 4. The roller cutter operating status signal generated by the sensor is the measurement result of the roller cutter rotation speed. In this embodiment, there are multiple roller cutters 4, and a sensor is arranged near each roller cutter. Each of the sensors is used to detect the rotation speed of one of the roller cutters 4, and sends a rotation speed measurement value to the float signal warning device 2 respectively.

[0038] 2. Float signal warning device 2: Installed inside the drill bit 1 of the vertical shaft drilling rig and close to the drill bit center hole 3. The installation position is as follows: Figure 1 The float signal warning device 2 comprises a data processing module, a control module and a float bin; the data processing module is respectively connected to the sensor and the control module for communication, the control module is connected to the float bin for driving, and the float bin contains a float 5.

[0039] like Figure 2 The structure diagram of the floating ball bin is shown in FIG. The floating ball bin includes a ball storage box 201 and a box cover 202. The ball outlet of the ball storage box 201 faces the drill bit center hole 3, and two parallel and opposite slide grooves 203 are provided at the ball outlet. The box cover 202 is slidably connected to the ball storage box 201 through the slide grooves 203 and covers the ball outlet. The box cover 202 is drivingly connected to the control module. The floating ball is accommodated in the inner cavity of the ball storage box 201.

[0040] The core function of the float signal warning device 2 is to receive the reel operation status signal, analyze the operation status of the reel 4 according to the received reel operation status signal, and release the float 5 after identifying the reel failure. Specifically, the float signal warning device determines whether the reel fails based on whether the reel speed measurement value is 0.

[0041] In this embodiment, when the number of the rollers 4 with a rotation speed of 0 is 0, the box cover 202 closes the ball outlet; when any roller fails, the control module drives the box cover 202 to slide in the slide groove 203, the ball outlet opens, the float 5 enters the center hole 3 of the drill bit, and the float bin completes the release of the float.

[0042] 3. Float 5: The float 5 is made of magnetic metal, and its outer surface is coated with a brightly colored wear-resistant coating. When the drill cutter fails, the float is released into the drill center hole 3 by the float bin of the float signal warning device 2, and floats to the ground along the drill center hole 3 with the help of the buoyancy of the drilling mud, and enters the ground mud pool that is fluid-conducted with the drill center hole 3. In this embodiment, the number of floats is 1. The surface of the float is painted with bright colors, making it easier for the visual recognition device to identify the float.

[0043] 4. Magnetic adsorption device: The magnetic adsorption device is arranged at the conducting position between the ground mud pool and the drill bit center hole 3, and is used to attract and fix the floating ball 5 entering the ground mud pool. A strong magnet is installed in the magnetic adsorption device, and the magnetic adsorption device "captures" the floating ball 5 through the magnetic field of the strong magnet.

[0044] 5. Visual recognition device: The visual recognition device is arranged above the magnetic adsorption device and is used to identify the number of the floating balls 5 and the time when they appear in the ground mud pool.

[0045] 6. Alarm device: including an audible and visual alarm, a control console alarm and a mobile terminal alarm; the audible and visual alarm, the control console alarm and the mobile terminal alarm are respectively connected to the visual recognition device for communication, and the alarm device sends out an alarm according to the number of the floats 5 identified by the visual recognition device and the time when the floats 5 appear; in this embodiment, when the visual recognition device identifies one float, the audible and visual alarm sends out an audible and visual alarm, and the mobile terminal alarm and the control console alarm also send out an alarm to prompt the drilling operator that the roller cutter has failed, and report the time when the failure occurs (i.e. the time when the float appears).

[0046] An example workflow of the method provided in this embodiment includes:

[0047] 1. A sensor for monitoring the operating status of the roller cutter 4 is installed on the shaft drilling rig drill bit 1.

[0048] 2. Install the float signal warning device 2 in the center hole 3 of the drill bit.

[0049] 3. A roller cutter 4 fails. At this time, the sensor detects that the rotation speed of the roller cutter 4 is 0, generates a roller cutter operation status signal and transmits it to the float signal warning device 2. The float signal warning device 2 determines that the roller cutter 4 fails, and then sends a control signal to the control module. At this time. The control module drives the box cover 202 to slide in the slide groove 203, the ball outlet opens, and the float 5 enters the drill bit center hole 3; the float 5 quickly floats up along the drill bit center hole 3 under the buoyancy of the drilling mud, and finally reaches the ground mud pool.

[0050] 4. Float attraction and identification: After the float 5 enters the ground mud pool, the magnetic adsorption device attracts and fixes the float. The visual recognition device identifies the float attracted by the magnetic adsorption device, records the appearance time of the float, and sends the number and appearance time of the float to the alarm device.

[0051] 5. Alarm triggering: After the sound and light alarm receives the number and appearance time of the floating balls emitted by the visual recognition device, it will issue an sound and light alarm. At the same time, the console alarm and the mobile terminal alarm will alarm the drilling operator based on the number and appearance time of the floating balls emitted by the visual recognition device, prompting the drilling operator that the roller cutter has failed and reporting the time when the failure occurred.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] This embodiment provides a method for quickly identifying multiple roller cutter failures. The method provided in this embodiment differs from the method in Embodiment 1 mainly in that in this embodiment, the number of floats is increased to 3, and a three-level sound and light alarm is triggered in combination with the severity of the fault.

[0054] The floating ball signaling warning device 2 in this embodiment stores three floating balls 5, which can be released one by one, and the number of released balls is automatically adjusted according to the number of roller cutters that fail (the number of roller cutters with a rotation speed of 0). When the number of roller cutters 4 with a rotation speed of 0 increases, the control module drives the box cover 202 to slide in the slide groove 203, the opening degree of the ball outlet increases, and the floating balls 5 enter the center hole 3 of the drill bit one by one.

[0055] Specifically, in this embodiment, the float signal warning device is configured to release a float when the number of roller cutters fails reaches 1, release another float when the number of roller cutters fails increases to 4, and release the third float when the number of roller cutters fails increases to 6. In other embodiments, the conditions for releasing the float by the float signal warning device can be flexibly adjusted as needed to correspond to different numbers of roller cutters on the drill bit or to meet different sensitivity requirements.

[0056] In this embodiment, the sound and light alarm has a multi-level alarm function, which can dynamically adjust the alarm intensity according to the number of floats and the interval between the appearance of the floats in the mud pool on the ground. The sound and light alarm intensity is level 1, level 2 and level 3 from low to high, where:

[0057] When the number of the floats 5 recognized by the visual recognition device is 1, the sound and light alarm issues a level 1 alarm, that is, only a flash is emitted; when the number of the floats 5 recognized by the visual recognition device is greater than 1, and the interval between the appearances of the floats 5 is greater than 1 minute, the sound and light alarm issues a level 2 alarm, that is, a flash is emitted, and an alarm sound lasting 30 seconds is emitted; when the number of the floats 5 recognized by the visual recognition device is greater than 1, and the interval between the appearances of the floats 5 is less than or equal to 1 minute, the sound and light alarm issues a level 3 alarm, that is, an uninterrupted alarm sound and flash.

[0058] In this embodiment, the alarm device can identify the number of floats 5 and the time when the floats 5 appear, and calculate the time interval between the appearances of the floats 5. When it is identified that the interval between the appearances of two floats 5 is less than or equal to 1 minute, it means that a large number of drill cutters have failed in a short period of time. At this time, the sound and light alarm issues the strongest level 3 alarm to prompt the drilling operator to eliminate the fault in time.

[0059] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the claims of this patent application.

Claims

1. A method for quickly identifying shaft drilling rig drill bit failure on the ground, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step (a): installing a sensor for monitoring the operating status of a roller cutter (4) on a shaft drilling rig drill bit (1); the sensor generates and sends a roller cutter operating status signal; Step (b): installing a float signal transmission warning device (2) in the center hole (3) of the drill bit; the float signal transmission warning device (2) comprises a data processing module, a control module and a float bin; the data processing module is respectively connected to the sensor and the control module in communication, the control module is connected to the float bin in driving manner, and the float bin contains a float (5); Step (c): the data processing module receives a cutter operation status signal and determines whether the cutter (4) fails; when the data processing module determines that the cutter fails, the data processing module sends a control signal to the control module, and the control module controls the float bin to release the float (5), and the float (5) floats up under the action of the drilling mud in the center hole (3) of the drill bit; Step (d): the float (5) enters a ground mud pool, and the ground mud pool is in fluid communication with the drill bit center hole (3); Step (e): a magnetic adsorption device arranged at the surface mud pool attracts and fixes the floating balls (5) entering the surface mud pool, and a visual recognition device arranged above the magnetic adsorption device recognizes the number and appearance time of the floating balls (5); Step (f): the alarm device sends out an alarm according to the number and appearance time of the floating balls (5) identified by the visual recognition device; the alarm device is communicatively connected with the visual recognition device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (e), the magnetic adsorption device is arranged at a position where the ground mud pool and the drill bit center hole (3) are connected.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The material of the floating ball (5) is magnetic metal, and the outer surface of the floating ball (5) is coated with a colorful wear-resistant coating.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (a), the sensor is arranged near the hob (4); the hob operating status signal is a measured value of the rotation speed of the hob (4).

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that In step (c), when the rotation speed measurement value of the roller cutter (4) is equal to 0, the float signal warning device (2) determines that the roller cutter has failed.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The number of the sensors is greater than or equal to 2; each of the sensors is used to detect the rotation speed of one of the roller cutters (4) and send a rotation speed measurement value to the float signal warning device (2); In step (c), the number of the floats (5) is greater than or equal to 2; when the number of the rollers (4) with a rotation speed of 0 increases, the number of the floats (5) released by the float bin increases.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The ball float bin comprises a ball storage box (201) and a box cover (202); the ball outlet of the ball storage box (201) faces the drill bit center hole (3), and two parallel and opposite slide grooves (203) are provided at the ball outlet; the box cover (202) is slidably connected to the ball storage box (201) through the slide grooves (203) and covers the ball outlet; the box cover (202) is drivingly connected to the control module; the ball float is accommodated in the inner cavity of the ball storage box (201); When the number of the rollers (4) with a rotation speed of 0 is 0, the box cover (202) closes the ball outlet; when the number of the rollers (4) with a rotation speed of 0 increases, the control module drives the box cover (202) to slide in the slide groove (203), the opening degree of the ball outlet increases, and the floating balls (5) enter the drill bit center hole (3) one by one.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that In step (f), the alarm device includes an audible and visual alarm, a console alarm and a mobile terminal alarm; the audible and visual alarm, the console alarm and the mobile terminal alarm are respectively connected to the visual recognition device for communication.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The sound and light alarm adjusts the intensity of the sound and light alarm according to the number of the floating balls (5) identified by the visual recognition device and the interval between the appearance times of the floating balls (5).

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The intensity of the sound and light alarm is from low to high, namely level 1, level 2 and level 3, where: When the number of the floating balls (5) identified by the visual recognition device is 1, the sound and light alarm issues a level 1 alarm; When the number of the floating balls (5) identified by the visual recognition device is greater than 1, and the interval between the appearances of the floating balls (5) is greater than 1 minute, the sound and light alarm issues a level 2 alarm; When the number of the floating balls (5) identified by the visual recognition device is greater than 1, and the interval between the appearances of the floating balls (5) is less than or equal to 1 minute, the sound and light alarm issues a level 3 alarm.

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