A method for quickly identifying a shaft drill bit failure on the ground

Abstract

The application discloses a method for quickly identifying drill bit failure of a shaft drilling machine on the ground, a sensor for monitoring the operation state of a rolling cutter is installed on the drill bit of the shaft drilling machine; the sensor generates and sends a rolling cutter operation state signal; a floating ball transmission early warning device is installed in the center hole of the drill bit; the floating ball transmission early warning device comprises a data processing module, a control module and a floating ball bin; the data processing module is in communication connection with the sensor and the control module respectively, the control module is in driving connection with the floating ball bin, and the floating ball bin contains a floating ball; the data processing module receives the rolling cutter operation state signal and judges whether the rolling cutter is failed; when the rolling cutter is failed, the data processing module sends a control signal to the control module, and the control module controls the floating ball bin to release the floating ball. The method is easy to implement, the used equipment is easy to install and maintain, and the fault identification efficiency and the drilling safety are effectively improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction. Specifically, it is a method for quickly identifying the failure of a vertical shaft drill bit on the ground. BACKGROUND

[0002] In vertical shaft drilling construction, the cutter is the core component for breaking rock, and its performance and operating state directly affect drilling efficiency and construction safety. However, due to the need for long-term operation of the cutter in a high-pressure mud environment and direct contact with hard rock, it often faces problems such as wear, bearing damage, or mud blockage, which can lead to cutter failure, causing drilling operations to be interrupted, equipment to be damaged, or even more serious construction accidents.

[0003] Traditionally, monitoring of cutter failure mainly relies on periodic manual inspection or indirect analysis of changes in drilling efficiency. However, these methods have limitations. This is because manual inspection requires downtime, and cannot detect problems in the early stages of cutter failure. Indirect analysis relies on efficiency changes, which often misses the best opportunity for intervention. Some existing technologies monitor the operating state of the cutter through sensors and issue an alarm signal. Due to the length of the drill pipe, which can reach hundreds to thousands of meters, and the submerged environment of the mud, it is extremely difficult to lay cables for sensors, which not only reduces drilling production efficiency, but also affects system reliability. SUMMARY

[0004] To this end, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a method for quickly identifying the failure of a vertical shaft drill bit on the ground. The method uses a floating ball signaling early warning device to analyze the state of the cutter in real time, releases the floating ball when the cutter failure is identified, and the floating ball quickly rises to the surface mud pool with the help of the buoyancy of the drilling mud. The method is easy to implement, and the equipment used is easy to install and maintain, effectively improving fault identification efficiency and drilling safety.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for quickly identifying the failure of a vertical shaft drill bit on the ground, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step (a): installing a sensor for monitoring the operating state of the cutter on the drill bit of the vertical shaft drill; the sensor generates and sends a cutter operating state signal;

[0008] Step (b): installing a floating ball signaling early warning device in the center hole of the drill bit; the floating ball signaling early warning device includes a data processing module, a control module, and a floating ball bin; the data processing module is communicatively connected to the sensor and the control module, the control module is drivingly connected to the floating ball bin, and the floating ball bin contains a floating ball;

[0009] Step (c): the data processing module receives the hob operating state signal, judges whether the hob is invalid; when the data processing module judges that the hob is invalid, the data processing module sends a control signal to the control module, the control module controls the release of the floating ball in the floating ball tank, and the floating ball floats up under the action of the drilling mud in the drill bit central hole;

[0010] Step (d): the floating ball enters the ground mud pool, and the ground mud pool is in fluid communication with the drill bit central hole;

[0011] Step (e): the magnetic adsorption device arranged at the ground mud pool attracts and fixes the floating ball entering the ground mud pool, and the visual recognition device arranged above the magnetic adsorption device identifies the number and appearance time of the floating ball;

[0012] Step (f): the alarm device sends an alarm according to the number and appearance time of the floating ball identified by the visual recognition device; the alarm device is in communication connection with the visual recognition device.

[0013] By installing the sensor and the floating ball signaling early warning device, the method realizes real-time monitoring and early warning of the operating state of the drill bit hob. When the hob is invalid, the floating ball is released and floats up to the ground mud pool, and is identified by the magnetic adsorption and visual recognition device, so as to trigger the alarm. This method does not need to lay a long cable, is not affected by the depth and environment, and improves the safety and efficiency of drilling operation.

[0014] In the above method, in step (e), the magnetic adsorption device is arranged at the position where the ground mud pool is in communication with the drill bit central hole. The magnetic adsorption device with a magnet installed inside is arranged at the position where the ground mud pool is in communication with the drill bit central hole, which ensures that the floating ball can be "captured" and fixed by the magnetic adsorption device as soon as possible after entering the ground mud pool, and then the visual recognition device can accurately identify the number and appearance time of the floating ball.

[0015] In the above method, the material of the floating ball is magnetic metal, and the outer surface of the floating ball is coated with a colored wear-resistant coating. The magnetic metal material makes the floating ball be effectively captured by the magnetic adsorption device, and the colored wear-resistant coating improves the visibility and durability of the floating ball.

[0016] In the above method, in step (a), the sensor is arranged near the hob; and the hob operating state signal is a rotation speed measurement value of the hob.

[0017] In the above method, in step (c), when the rotation speed measurement value of the hob is equal to 0, the floating ball signaling early warning device judges that the hob is invalid.

[0018] The method, the number of sensors is greater than or equal to 2; each sensor is used to detect the rotating speed of one cutter, and sends a rotating speed measurement value to the float ball signaling device respectively;

[0019] In step (c), the number of float balls is greater than or equal to 2; when the number of cutters with rotating speed of 0 increases, the number of float balls released by the float ball bin increases. When there are multiple float balls, the method can realize multi-level early warning of cutter failure.

[0020] The method, the float ball bin includes a ball storage box and a box cover, the ball outlet of the ball storage box faces the center hole of the drill bit, and two parallel and opposite sliding grooves are arranged at the position of the ball outlet; the box cover is slidably connected with the ball storage box through the sliding grooves and covers the ball outlet; the box cover is drivingly connected with the control module; the float ball is contained in the inner cavity of the ball storage box;

[0021] When the number of cutters with rotating speed of 0 is 0, the box cover closes the ball outlet; when the number of cutters with rotating speed of 0 increases, the control module drives the box cover to slide in the sliding groove, the opening degree of the ball outlet increases, and the float ball enters the center hole of the drill bit one by one.

[0022] The method, in step (f), the alarm device includes an audible and light alarm, a console alarm and a mobile terminal alarm; the audible and light alarm, the console alarm and the mobile terminal alarm are respectively communicatively connected with the visual recognition device.

[0023] The method, the audible and light alarm adjusts the audible and light alarm intensity according to the number of float balls and the interval of the appearance time of the float balls recognized by the visual recognition device.

[0024] The method, the audible and light alarm intensity from low to high is 1st, 2nd and 3rd level respectively, wherein:

[0025] When the number of float balls recognized by the visual recognition device is 1, the audible and light alarm sends 1st level alarm;

[0026] When the number of float balls recognized by the visual recognition device is greater than 1, and the interval of the appearance time of the float balls is greater than 1 minute, the audible and light alarm sends 2nd level alarm;

[0027] When the number of float balls recognized by the visual recognition device is greater than 1, and the interval of the appearance time of the float balls is less than or equal to 1 minute, the audible and light alarm sends 3rd level alarm. The audible and light intensity of different levels of alarm can reflect the severity and urgency of the fault, and provide more intuitive fault information for the drilling operator.

[0028] The technical scheme of the present application achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

[0029] 1、The present application realizes the whole-process technical optimization from real-time monitoring of the operation state of the rolling cutter to identification of the fault on the ground through the floating ball signaling and early warning device. The sensor can accurately monitor the rotating speed of the rolling cutter and generate a rolling cutter operation state signal. When the rotating speed of the rolling cutter is 0, the floating ball signaling and early warning device judges that the rolling cutter is invalid and releases the floating ball. The floating ball is quickly floated to the surface slurry pool by the slurry buoyancy and is captured by the magnetic adsorption device and accurately identified by the visual identification device, further triggering the alarm device to alarm. The present application does not need to lay a super-long cable and is not affected by the well depth and environment, realizing the rapid transmission of fault information from the well to the ground and improving the safety and efficiency of drilling operations.

[0030] 2、The method provided in the present application designs a multi-floating ball release and three-level alarm function according to the severity of the rolling cutter failure. When the number of invalid rolling cutters is large or a large number of invalid rolling cutters appear in a short time, the floating ball signaling and early warning device can automatically release multiple floating balls. The visual identification device identifies the number and occurrence time of the floating balls, and the alarm device adjusts the alarm intensity according to the number of floating balls and the interval of the occurrence time, and gradually prompts the severity of the fault. This dynamic alarm mechanism improves the response capability to emergency faults, and the operator can quickly take corresponding measures according to the alarm level to avoid more serious construction interruption or equipment damage. In addition, the floating ball is designed with magnetic metal material and wear-resistant colored coating, combined with the magnetic adsorption device and the visual identification device, which enhances the reliability and identification efficiency of identifying the floating ball in the high-pressure slurry environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The installation position of the floating ball signaling and early warning device in the shaft drilling machine drill bit in the present application is shown in the figure.

[0032] Figure 2 The structure of the floating ball bin in the present application is shown in the figure.

[0033] The figure shows that the reference signs are: 1-shaft drilling machine drill bit; 2-floating ball signaling and early warning device; 201-ball storage box; 202-box cover; 203-slotted chute; 3-drill bit center hole; 4-rolling cutter; 5-floating ball. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Example 1

[0035] The present embodiment provides a quick identification method for the failure of a shaft drilling machine drill bit. The operation state of the rolling cutter is monitored by a sensor, and the floating ball signaling and early warning device 2 releases the floating ball, which is floated to the ground to complete the fault warning.

[0036] The method provided in the present embodiment is mainly dependent on the following components:

[0037] 1. Sensor: Installed near the cutter head 4 on the bottom surface of the drill bit 1 of the vertical shaft drilling rig, it is used to monitor the operating status of the cutter head and generate a cutter head operating status signal. Specifically, the sensor monitors the operating status of the cutter head by measuring the rotational speed of the cutter head 4. The cutter head operating status signal generated by the sensor is the measurement result of the cutter head rotational speed. In this embodiment, there are multiple cutter heads 4, and a sensor is arranged near each cutter head. Each sensor is used to detect the rotational speed of one cutter head 4 and sends a rotational speed measurement value to the float signaling and early warning device 2.

[0038] 2. Float ball signaling and early warning device 2: Installed inside the drill bit 1 of the vertical shaft drilling rig, and adjacent to the center hole 3 of the drill bit, as shown in the installation position. Figure 1 As shown. The float communication and early warning device 2 includes a data processing module, a control module, and a float housing; the data processing module is communicatively connected to the sensor and the control module respectively, the control module is drivenly connected to the float housing, and the float housing contains a float 5.

[0039] like Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the float chamber. The float chamber includes a float storage box 201 and a cover 202. The float outlet of the float storage box 201 faces the center hole 3 of the drill bit, and two parallel and opposite sliding grooves 203 are provided at the float outlet position. The cover 202 is slidably connected to the float storage box 201 through the sliding grooves 203 and covers the float outlet. The cover 202 is drivenly connected to the control module. The float is housed in the inner cavity of the float storage box 201.

[0040] The core function of the float-to-spot early warning device 2 is to receive the operating status signal of the hob, analyze the operating status of the hob 4 based on the received hob operating status signal, and release the float 5 after detecting hob failure. Specifically, the float-to-spot early warning device determines whether the hob has failed based on whether the measured rotational speed of the hob is 0.

[0041] In this embodiment, when the number of the roller cutters 4 with a rotation speed of 0 is 0, the cover 202 closes the ball outlet; when any roller cutter fails, the control module drives the cover 202 to slide in the groove 203, the ball outlet opens, the float 5 enters the drill bit center hole 3, and the float chamber completes the release of the float.

[0042] 3. The floating ball 5 is made of magnetic metal and coated with a bright color wear-resistant coating on the outer surface. When the roller cutter fails, the floating ball is released into the drill bit center hole 3 by the floating ball signaling warning device 2, and floats to the ground along the drill bit center hole 3 with the help of the drilling mud buoyancy, and enters the ground mud pool in fluid communication with the drill bit center hole 3. In this embodiment, the number of floating balls is one. The surface of the floating ball is coated with a bright color, making it easier for the visual recognition device to identify the floating ball.

[0043] 4. The magnetic adsorption device is arranged at the position where the ground mud pool is in fluid communication with the drill bit center hole 3, and is used to attract and fix the floating ball 5 entering the ground mud pool. A strong magnet is installed in the magnetic adsorption device, and the magnetic adsorption device "captures" the floating ball 5 through the magnetic field of the strong magnet.

[0044] 5. The visual recognition device is arranged above the magnetic adsorption device, and is used to identify the number of floating balls 5 and the time of appearance in the ground mud pool.

[0045] 6. The alarm device includes an audible and visual alarm, a console alarm and a mobile terminal alarm; the audible and visual alarm, the console alarm and the mobile terminal alarm are respectively in communication connection with the visual recognition device, and the alarm device sends an alarm according to the number of floating balls 5 and the time of appearance of the floating balls 5 identified by the visual recognition device; in this embodiment, when the visual recognition device identifies one floating ball, the audible and visual alarm sends an audible and visual alarm, and the mobile terminal alarm and the console alarm also send an alarm, prompting the drilling operator that the roller cutter has failed, and reporting the time of failure (i.e. the time of appearance of the floating ball).

[0046] An example workflow of the method provided in this embodiment includes:

[0047] 1. Install a sensor for monitoring the running state of the roller cutter 4 on the drill bit 1 of the shaft drill.

[0048] 2. Install the floating ball signaling warning device 2 in the drill bit center hole 3.

[0049] 3. One roller cutter 4 fails. At this time, the sensor detects that the rotating speed of the roller cutter 4 is 0, generates a roller cutter running state signal and transmits it to the floating ball signaling warning device 2. The floating ball signaling warning device 2 judges that the roller cutter 4 has failed, and immediately sends a control signal to the control module. At this time, the control module drives the box cover 202 to slide in the sliding groove 203, the ball outlet is opened, and the floating ball 5 enters the drill bit center hole 3; the floating ball 5 rapidly floats along the drill bit center hole 3 under the action of the buoyancy of the drilling mud, and finally reaches the ground mud pool.

[0050] 4. Ball attraction and identification: After the ball 5 enters the ground mud pool, the magnetic adsorption device attracts and fixes the ball. The visual identification device identifies the ball attracted by the magnetic adsorption device, records the appearance time of the ball, and sends the number and appearance time of the ball to the alarm device.

[0051] 5. Alarm triggering: After the audible and visual alarm receives the number and appearance time of the ball sent by the visual identification device, it sends out an audible and visual alarm. The console alarm and the mobile terminal alarm send an alarm to the drilling operator according to the number and appearance time of the ball sent by the visual identification device, prompting the drilling operator that the cutter has failed, and reporting the time of failure.

[0052] Embodiment 2

[0053] The embodiment provides a quick identification method for multiple cutter failure. The main difference between the method provided in this embodiment and the method in Embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, the number of balls is increased to 3, and a three-level audible and visual alarm is triggered in combination with the severity of the fault.

[0054] The ball signaling early warning device 2 in this embodiment stores 3 balls 5, which can be released one by one, and automatically adjusts the number of balls released according to the number of cutter failures (the number of cutters with a rotation speed of 0). When the number of cutters with a rotation speed of 0 increases, the control module drives the box cover 202 to slide in the sliding groove 203, the opening degree of the ball outlet increases, and the balls 5 enter the drill bit center hole 3 one by one.

[0055] Specifically, in this embodiment, the ball signaling early warning device is set to release one ball when the number of cutter failures reaches 1, release another ball when the number of cutter failures increases to 4, and release the third ball when the number of cutter failures increases to 6. In other embodiments, the conditions for the ball signaling early warning device to release the balls can be flexibly adjusted as needed to correspond to different numbers of cutters on the drill bit or to adapt to different sensitivity requirements.

[0056] In this embodiment, the audible and visual alarm increases the multi-level alarm function, which can dynamically adjust the alarm intensity according to the number of balls and the interval of the appearance time of the balls in the ground mud pool. The audible and visual alarm intensity from low to high is level 1, level 2 and level 3, wherein:

[0057] When the visual recognition device recognizes one floating ball 5, the sound-light alarm device sends a first level alarm, i.e. only flashes; when the visual recognition device recognizes more than one floating ball 5 and the interval between the appearance of the floating balls 5 is more than one minute, the sound-light alarm device sends a second level alarm, i.e. flashes and simultaneously sends a 30-second alarm sound; when the visual recognition device recognizes more than one floating ball 5 and the interval between the appearance of the floating balls 5 is less than or equal to one minute, the sound-light alarm device sends a third level alarm, i.e. sends an uninterrupted alarm sound and flashes.

[0058] In this embodiment, the alarm device can recognize the number of floating balls 5 and the time of the appearance of the floating balls 5, and calculate the interval between the appearance of the floating balls 5. When the interval between the appearance of two floating balls 5 is less than or equal to one minute, it indicates that the drill roller cutter has failed in a short time, and the sound-light alarm device sends the strongest third level alarm to prompt the drilling operator to remove the fault in time.

[0059] Obviously, the above embodiment is only an example for clearly illustrating the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art can make other different forms of changes or modifications. Here, it is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the embodiments. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of quickly identifying a failure of a shaft drill bit on the ground, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step (a): installing sensors for monitoring the running state of the cutters (4) on the drill bit (1) of the shaft drill; the sensors generate and send out cutter running state signals; Step (b): installing a floating ball signaling early warning device (2) in the center hole (3) of the drill bit; the floating ball signaling early warning device (2) comprises a data processing module, a control module and a floating ball bin; the data processing module is in communication connection with the sensors and the control module respectively, the control module is in driving connection with the floating ball bin, and the floating ball bin contains floating balls (5); Step (c): the data processing module receives the cutter running state signals and judges whether the cutters (4) are invalid; when the data processing module judges that the cutters are invalid, the data processing module sends out control signals to the control module, the control module controls the floating ball bin to release the floating balls (5), and the floating balls (5) float up under the action of the drilling mud in the center hole (3) of the drill bit; Step (d): the floating balls (5) enter the surface mud pool, and the surface mud pool is in fluid communication with the center hole (3) of the drill bit; Step (e): a magnetic adsorption device arranged at the surface mud pool attracts and fixes the floating balls (5) entering the surface mud pool, and a visual recognition device arranged above the magnetic adsorption device recognizes the number and appearance time of the floating balls (5); Step (f): an alarm device sends out an alarm according to the number and appearance time of the floating balls (5) recognized by the visual recognition device; the alarm device is in communication connection with the visual recognition device.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step (e), the magnetic adsorption device is arranged at the position where the surface mud pool is in communication with the center hole (3) of the drill bit.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The material of the floating balls (5) is magnetic metal, and the outer surface of the floating balls (5) is coated with a colorful wear-resistant coating.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step (a), the sensors are arranged near the cutters (4); the cutter running state signals are the rotational speed measurement values of the cutters (4).

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, In step (c), when the rotational speed measurement value of the cutters (4) is equal to 0, the floating ball signaling early warning device (2) judges that the cutters are invalid.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The number of the sensors is greater than or equal to 2; each sensor is used to detect the rotational speed of one cutter (4) and sends out a rotational speed measurement value to the floating ball signaling early warning device (2) respectively; In step (c), the number of the floating balls (5) is greater than or equal to 2; when the number of the cutters (4) with a rotational speed of 0 increases, the number of the floating balls (5) released by the floating ball bin increases.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The floating ball bin comprises a ball storage box (201) and a box cover (202); the ball outlet of the ball storage box (201) faces the center hole (3) of the drill bit, and two parallel and opposite sliding grooves (203) are arranged at the position of the ball outlet; the box cover (202) is in sliding connection with the ball storage box (201) through the sliding grooves (203) and covers the ball outlet; the box cover (202) is in driving connection with the control module; the floating balls are contained in the inner cavity of the ball storage box (201). When the number of the rotary cutters (4) with the rotating speed of 0 is 0, the box cover (202) closes the ball outlet; when the number of the rotary cutters (4) with the rotating speed of 0 increases, the control module drives the box cover (202) to slide in the sliding groove (203), the opening degree of the ball outlet increases, and the floating balls (5) enter the drill center hole (3) one by one.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, In step (f), the alarm device includes an audible and light alarm, a console alarm and a mobile terminal alarm; the audible and light alarm, the console alarm and the mobile terminal alarm are respectively in communication connection with the visual recognition device.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The audible and light alarm adjusts the audible and light alarm intensity according to the number of the floating balls (5) and the interval of the appearance time of the floating balls (5) identified by the visual recognition device.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, The audible and light alarm intensity from low to high is 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade, wherein: When the number of the floating balls (5) identified by the visual recognition device is 1, the audible and light alarm gives 1st grade alarm; When the number of the floating balls (5) identified by the visual recognition device is greater than 1 and the interval of the appearance time of the floating balls (5) is greater than 1 minute, the audible and light alarm gives 2nd grade alarm; When the number of the floating balls (5) identified by the visual recognition device is greater than 1 and the interval of the appearance time of the floating balls (5) is less than or equal to 1 minute, the audible and light alarm gives 3rd grade alarm.

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