Tunneling, deslagging and guniting parallel operation construction method in tunnel

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction method for parallel operations of tunneling, deslagging and guniting in a tunnel, which is characterized in that a rack for supporting each functional part is arranged in the tunnel, and an access channel matched with the deslagging operation is arranged below the rack or on at least one side of the rack; comprising the following steps that guniting operation is carried out while tunneling operation is carried out, and according to the deslagging condition of a tunnel face, when parallel construction is carried out on the tunnel face and the guniting operation, a deslagging mechanism can carry out deslagging operation through an access channel; according to the road-climbing construction method, excavation, guniting and deslagging are integrated, multiple devices do not need to work alternately, meanwhile, the operation mode that excavation is conducted while spraying is conducted and excavation is conducted while deslagging is conducted is adopted, parallel operation is achieved, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a construction method for parallel operations of excavation, slag discharge and grouting in a tunnel. Background Art

[0002] A tunnel boring machine is a new and advanced tunnel construction machine that uses a rotating cutter to dig, break the surrounding rock in the hole and excavate, and form the entire tunnel section. Tunnel boring machines are divided into two categories: shield machines (for soft soil layers) and TBMs (for rock layers). The drilling and blasting method of blasting excavation destroys the strata section by section by drilling and blasting, and then cleans the slag and supports it. This method is suitable for areas with complex geological conditions and has strong adaptability. Pre-splitting blasting blasts a through crack of a certain width along the designed contour line before blasting in the main blasting area to buffer and reflect the vibration wave of the excavation blasting, control its destructive effect on the retained rock mass, and obtain a smoother excavation contour. The loader is used to load waste such as slag and soil in the tunnel onto the transportation equipment. The dump truck is used to transport the waste loaded by the loader out of the tunnel and dump it at a designated location. The slag discharge method is to lay tracks in the tunnel through rail transportation and use rail cars for slag discharge transportation; and to use trackless equipment such as dump trucks for slag discharge transportation through trackless transportation, which has the characteristics of high flexibility and strong adaptability. The spraying equipment uses a wet spraying machine to mix concrete and other materials with water and then spray them onto the tunnel wall through a pipe. A dry spraying machine is used to spray dry concrete and other materials onto the tunnel wall through compressed air. Layered spraying sprays concrete and other materials onto the tunnel wall in layers, and the thickness of each layer is controlled within a certain range to ensure the quality of the spraying. Continuous spraying sprays concrete and other materials onto the tunnel wall continuously, which is suitable for large-scale, high-efficiency spraying operations.

[0003] Some excavation equipment has low excavation efficiency and is prone to failure under complex geological conditions (such as faults, fracture zones, high ground stress areas, etc.). The performance is limited under specific geological conditions because the equipment design fails to fully consider the diversity of geological conditions. In long-distance and steep-slope tunnels, the transportation efficiency of slag discharge equipment is low and the energy consumption is high. The power system and transmission system design of the slag discharge equipment are not optimized, and the transportation conditions in the tunnel are limited, resulting in a high equipment failure rate. During the spraying process, the uniformity and density of the concrete are difficult to guarantee, and quality problems such as voids and cracks are prone to occur. The spraying pressure and spraying speed control of the spraying equipment are not precise enough, and the proportion and performance of the concrete material are unstable.

[0004] At the same time, when using a mechanized construction method with a tunnel boring machine as the main construction equipment, the process connection requires frequent operation of equipment in and out of the tunnel. For example, when the tunnel boring machine completes the excavation and digging operation, it is necessary to drive the tunnel boring machine out of the tunnel, and then operate the excavator and shovel truck to enter the tunnel for slag removal; after the slag removal is completed, it is necessary to operate the excavator and shovel truck to drive out of the tunnel, and operate the wet spraying machine equipment to enter the tunnel for spraying. During the entire process cycle, the equipment frequently enters and exits the tunnel, which delays a lot of construction time and seriously affects the footage efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction method for parallel operations of excavation, slag discharge and grouting in a tunnel in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, thereby solving the problem in the prior art that during the construction of the upper track in the tunnel, there are frequent processes among the excavation, slag discharge and grouting operations, which delays the construction time and affects the advancement efficiency.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following scheme:

[0007] A construction method for parallel operations of excavation, slag discharge and grouting in a tunnel, wherein a stand for supporting various functional components is arranged in the tunnel, and an inlet and outlet passage cooperating with the slag discharge operation is arranged under or on at least one side of the stand; the method comprises the following steps:

[0008] The grouting operation is carried out simultaneously with the excavation operation. Depending on the slag discharge situation at the tunnel face, when the two operations are carried out in parallel, the slag discharge mechanism can also carry out slag discharge operations through the entry and exit channels.

[0009] During the slag discharge operation, the excavation operation is carried out on the left and right sides of the face through the excavation mechanism set at the front end of the frame. At this time, the slag discharge operation is carried out by moving the loader to the face and transporting the slag generated by the excavation to a place far away from the coverage of the frame.

[0010] When performing the slag discharge operation, the loader enters the tunnel face from the bottom of the frame or at least one side of the frame.

[0011] When an inlet and outlet passage is provided on at least one side of the frame, a slag discharge mechanism is provided on at least one side of the frame, and a tunneling mechanism and a shotcreting mechanism are provided at the front end of the frame. The tunneling mechanism performs tunneling operations on the face, and the shotcreting mechanism performs shotcreting operations in the tunneling area away from the face; the slag discharge mechanism performs slag discharge operations from at least one side of the frame.

[0012] During the slag discharge operation, the excavation operation is carried out on the left and right sides of the heading face through the excavation mechanism set at the front end of the platform. At this time, the slag discharge mechanism is the auxiliary digging arm and the conveying system set at the front end of the platform; the transport vehicle moves to the end of the conveying system, and the auxiliary digging arm pushes the slag generated by the excavation to the front end of the conveying system. The conveying system automatically transports the slag to the transport vehicle, and the transport vehicle moves it out of the tunnel.

[0013] The conveying system discharges slag from the bottom of the platform; or discharges slag from at least one side of the platform; or discharges slag from the bottom of the platform first, and then passes through the platform to discharge slag from at least one side of the platform.

[0014] The shotcrete operation includes the re-shotcrete operation or the shotcrete operation includes the initial shotcrete operation and the re-shotcrete operation; the initial shotcrete operation is to carry out shotcrete support on the excavated face, the re-shotcrete operation is to carry out shotcrete support on the fixed arch frame, and the excavation mechanism carries out excavation on the face in an area away from the re-shotcrete operation. The excavation operation can at least be carried out in parallel with the re-shotcrete operation.

[0015] When the shotcrete operation includes the initial shotcrete operation and the re-shotcrete operation, it is ensured that the excavation operation of the next excavation area is completed before the re-shotcrete operation is completed, so that the initial shotcrete operation of the next excavation area can be continued after the re-shotcrete operation is completed.

[0016] The initial shotcrete operation, specifically, the material supply part is connected with the pumping system in the shotcrete mechanism, and the shotcrete operation is carried out on the wall of the initially excavated tunnel through the shotcrete mechanism; the slag removal operation is to move the loader to the heading face and transport the slag produced by excavation to a place far away from the coverage range of the platform.

[0017] The re-spraying operation is specifically as follows: the material supply part is connected with the pumping system in the spraying mechanism; the spraying operation is carried out on the assembled arch frames on both sides of the tunnel through the spraying mechanism arranged at the front end of the gantry; when the spraying operation is being carried out, the excavation mechanism carries out excavation operation on the end face on one side of the heading face, and the spraying mechanism carries out spraying operation on the end face on the other side of the heading face; the excavation mechanism and the spraying mechanism operate in a staggered manner, and the slag discharge mechanism transports the slag on the heading face out of the heading face through the inlet and outlet channels.

[0018] Based on the above-mentioned tunnel construction method, the material conveying system is a transportation channel fixed on both sides of the platform. A conveyor belt is arranged at the bottom of the transportation channel. The conveyor belt is driven by the power unit at the bottom. Under the action of the power unit, the slag will be continuously transported from the front end of the transportation channel to the rear end, so that the slag is lifted to a certain height. At this time, the transport vehicle is arranged at the rear end of the transportation channel. The lifted slag continuously falls into the transport vehicle, and the transport vehicle transports the slag away from the tunnel from both sides of the platform.

[0019] Based on the above-mentioned tunnel construction method, the entire transport channel has an ascending structure, that is, the front end of the transport channel is set close to the ground, and the rear end of the transport channel is set at a certain height from the ground.

[0020] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. This solution provides a construction method that integrates excavation, shotcrete spraying and slag discharge. It does not require multiple equipment to work alternately. At the same time, it adopts the operation mode of excavating and spraying, excavating and slag discharge, realizing parallel operation and improving construction efficiency.

[0022] 2. This solution solves the problem of equipment frequently entering and exiting the tunnel. This method can realize the routine construction of excavation, slag discharge, and grouting. By using different parts to replace the frequently replaced equipment during different construction operations, the purpose of saving the time of equipment entering and exiting the tunnel can be achieved. At the same time, through multiple parallel operations such as grouting during excavation, slag discharge during excavation, and excavation, the single operation cycle time can be further shortened, thereby improving the construction efficiency in disguise.

[0023] Reference numerals

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the trolley and its upper components in Example 2;

[0025] Figure numerals: 1. trolley; 2. tunneling arm; 3. arch-spraying integrated arm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] All features disclosed in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed, except mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined in any manner.

[0027] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any additional claims and abstract), unless otherwise stated, may be replaced by other equivalent or alternative features having similar purposes. That is, unless otherwise stated, each feature is only an example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a predetermined direction, be constructed and operated in a predetermined direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0029] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0032] A construction method for parallel operations of excavation, slag discharge and grouting in a tunnel, wherein a stand for supporting various functional components is arranged in the tunnel, and an inlet and outlet passage cooperating with the slag discharge operation is arranged under or on at least one side of the stand; the method comprises the following steps:

[0033] The grouting operation is carried out simultaneously with the excavation operation. Depending on the slag discharge situation at the tunnel face, when the two operations are carried out in parallel, the slag discharge mechanism can also carry out slag discharge operations through the entry and exit channels.

[0034] This solution can greatly save tunnel construction time by carrying out slag removal operations and excavation operations simultaneously, avoid the waste of construction time and construction process caused by repeated entry and exit of different work vehicles, and improve construction efficiency.

[0035] During the slag discharge operation, the excavation operation is carried out on the left and right sides of the face through the excavation mechanism set at the front end of the frame. At this time, the slag discharge operation is carried out by moving the loader to the face and transporting the slag generated by the excavation to a place far away from the coverage of the frame.

[0036] When performing the slag discharge operation, the loader enters the tunnel face from the bottom of the frame or at least one side of the frame.

[0037] When an inlet and outlet passage is provided on at least one side of the frame, a slag discharge mechanism is provided on at least one side of the frame, and a tunneling mechanism and a shotcreting mechanism are provided at the front end of the frame. The tunneling mechanism performs tunneling operations on the face, and the shotcreting mechanism performs shotcreting operations in the tunneling area away from the face; the slag discharge mechanism performs slag discharge operations from at least one side of the frame.

[0038] During the slag discharge operation, the excavation operation is carried out on the left and right sides of the heading face through the excavation mechanism arranged at the front end of the platform. At this time, the slag discharge mechanism is the auxiliary digging arm and the conveying system arranged at the front end of the platform; the transport vehicle moves to the end of the conveying system, and the auxiliary digging arm pushes the slag generated by the excavation to the front end of the conveying system. The conveying system automatically transports the slag to the transport vehicle, and moves it out of the tunnel through the transport vehicle; the conveying system can be a conveyor belt structure driven by a power mechanism.

[0039] This solution uses another slag discharge mechanism to realize automatic slag discharge operations on both sides of the trolley, so that it can adapt to different construction environments. Since there is no need to set an entry and exit channel at the bottom of the trolley, the trolley can be set smaller.

[0040] The conveying system discharges slag from the bottom of the platform; or discharges slag from at least one side of the platform; or discharges slag from the bottom of the platform first, and then passes through the platform to discharge slag from at least one side of the platform.

[0041] The shotcrete operation includes the re-shotcrete operation or the shotcrete operation includes the initial shotcrete operation and the re-shotcrete operation; the initial shotcrete operation is to carry out shotcrete support on the excavated face, the re-shotcrete operation is to carry out shotcrete support on the fixed arch frame, and the excavation mechanism carries out excavation on the face in an area away from the re-shotcrete operation. The excavation operation can at least be carried out in parallel with the re-shotcrete operation.

[0042] When the shotcrete operation includes the initial shotcrete operation and the re-shotcrete operation, it is ensured that the excavation operation of the next excavation area is completed before the re-shotcrete operation is completed, so that the initial shotcrete operation of the next excavation area can be continued after the re-shotcrete operation is completed.

[0043] The initial spraying operation is specifically that the cement tanker moves to the end of the stand away from the face, and the cement tanker docks with the pumping system in the spraying mechanism, which is to pour cement into the feed trough of the pumping system through the cement tanker to realize the slurry supply, and the wall of the initial tunnel is sprayed through the spraying mechanism. At this time, the cement tanker avoids the vehicle for slag discharge operation; the slag discharge operation is to move to the face through the loader, and transport the slag generated by excavation to the transport vehicle far away from the coverage of the stand for transportation; the maximum height of the loader does not exceed the minimum height of the access channel in the stand. The initial spraying of concrete can fill the gaps in the tunnel wall, effectively reduce the risk of stratum deformation and tunnel collapse, thereby increasing the bearing capacity and stability of the tunnel, and at the same time fill the cracks and gaps in the tunnel wall, reduce the infiltration of water and air, thereby improving the sealing of the tunnel and ensuring the air quality and safety inside the tunnel.

[0044] In this solution, by making the cement tank truck avoid the slag discharge channel and connecting the cement tank truck with the spraying mechanism on the stand, the slag discharge and spraying operations can be carried out in parallel, thereby improving the construction efficiency.

[0045] The specific re-spraying operation is that the cement tanker moves to the end of the platform away from the tunnel face, and the cement tanker connects with the pumping system in the spraying mechanism to realize slurry supply. At this time, the cement tanker avoids the vehicle performing slag discharge operation, and the spraying operation is carried out by the spraying mechanism located at the front end of the platform to spray the assembled arch frames on both sides of the tunnel. When the spraying operation is carried out, the excavation mechanism performs excavation operation on the end face of one side of the tunnel face, and the spraying mechanism performs spraying operation on the end face of the other side of the tunnel face; the excavation mechanism and the spraying mechanism operate in a staggered manner, and the slag discharge mechanism transports the slag on the tunnel face out of the tunnel face through the entry and exit channels.

[0046] The material conveying system is a transport channel fixed on both sides of the platform. A conveyor belt is arranged at the bottom of the transport channel. The conveyor belt is driven by the power unit at the bottom. Under the action of the power unit, the slag will be continuously transported from the front end of the transport channel to the rear end, so that the slag is lifted to a certain height. At this time, the transport vehicle is arranged at the rear end of the transport channel. The lifted slag continuously falls into the transport vehicle, and the transport vehicle transports the slag away from the tunnel from both sides of the platform.

[0047] The entire transport channel presents an ascending structure, that is, the front end of the transport channel is arranged close to the ground, and the rear end of the transport channel is arranged at a certain height from the ground.

[0048] This solution uses another slag discharge mechanism to realize automatic slag discharge operations on both sides of the trolley, so that it can adapt to different construction environments. Since there is no need to set an entry and exit channel at the bottom of the trolley, the trolley can be set smaller.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a specific method for a construction method of parallel operation of tunneling, slag discharge and grouting in a tunnel. In this method, a trolley 1 is arranged in the tunnel, and a tunneling arm 2 and an arch-spraying integrated arm frame 3 are arranged on the trolley; the tunneling arm is arranged at the front end of the trolley, and the arch-spraying integrated arm frame is arranged on the trolley;

[0051] The cement tanker drives to the rear of the trolley, delivers concrete to the pumping system, operates the arch-spraying integrated boom to spray the arch foot of the left side of the face, and operates the excavation boom to excavate the right side of the face. After the arch lock foot spraying on the left side of the face is completed, the arch-spraying integrated boom is operated to spray the arch lock foot on the right side of the face, and the excavation boom is operated to excavate the left side of the face. Alternate cycles are performed to complete the last shift's spraying operation.

[0052] After completing the face arch shotcrete operation, operate the tunneling arm to excavate the left side of the face, and drive the scraper to remove the slag generated by the previous excavation on the right side of the face;

[0053] Operate the excavation arm to excavate the right side of the tunnel face, and drive the scraper to remove the slag produced by the previous excavation on the left side of the tunnel face. Alternate cycles are performed to complete the excavation and removal of slag on the tunnel face.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for parallel operation of tunneling, slag removal and grouting in a tunnel, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: a frame for supporting various functional components is arranged in the tunnel, and an inlet and outlet passage for cooperating with the slag discharge operation is arranged under or on at least one side of the frame; The shotcrete operation is carried out simultaneously with the excavation operation. According to the slag discharge situation of the tunnel face, when the two operations are carried out in parallel, the slag discharge mechanism performs slag discharge operations through the entry and exit channels.

2. A tunnel excavation, slag removal and grouting parallel operation construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: During the slag removal operation, the excavation operation is carried out on the tunnel face through the excavation mechanism set at the front end of the platform. At this time, the slag removal operation is to move the loader to the tunnel face and transport the slag generated by the excavation to a place far away from the coverage of the platform.

3. A tunnel excavation, slag removal and grouting parallel operation construction method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: When performing the slag discharge operation, the loader enters the tunnel face from the bottom of the frame or at least one side of the frame.

4. A tunnel excavation, slag removal and grouting parallel operation construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When an inlet and outlet passage is provided on at least one side of the frame, a slag discharge mechanism is provided on at least one side of the frame, and a tunneling mechanism and a shotcreting mechanism are provided at the front end of the frame. The tunneling mechanism performs tunneling operations on the face, and the shotcreting mechanism performs shotcreting operations in the tunneling area away from the face; the slag discharge mechanism performs slag discharge operations from at least one side of the frame.

5. A tunnel excavation, slag removal and grouting parallel operation construction method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: During the slag discharge operation, the excavation operation is carried out on the heading face through the excavation mechanism arranged at the front end of the platform. At this time, the slag discharge mechanism is the auxiliary digging arm and the conveying system arranged at the front end of the platform; the transport vehicle moves to the end of the conveying system, and the auxiliary digging arm pushes the slag generated by the excavation to the front end of the conveying system. The conveying system automatically transports the slag to the transport vehicle, and moves it out of the tunnel through the transport vehicle.

6. A tunnel excavation, slag removal and grouting parallel operation construction method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The conveying system discharges slag from the bottom of the platform; or discharges slag from at least one side of the platform; or discharges slag from the bottom of the platform first, and then passes through the platform to discharge slag from at least one side of the platform.

7. A tunnel excavation, slag removal and grouting parallel operation construction method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The shotcrete operation includes the re-shotcrete operation or the shotcrete operation includes the initial shotcrete operation and the re-shotcrete operation; the initial shotcrete operation is to carry out shotcrete support on the excavated face, the re-shotcrete operation is to carry out shotcrete support on the fixed arch frame, and the excavation mechanism carries out excavation on the face in an area away from the re-shotcrete operation. The excavation operation can at least be carried out in parallel with the re-shotcrete operation.

8. A tunnel excavation, slag removal and grouting parallel operation construction method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: When the shotcrete operation includes the initial shotcrete operation and the re-shotcrete operation, it is ensured that the excavation operation of the next excavation area is completed before the re-shotcrete operation is completed, so that the initial shotcrete operation of the next excavation area can be continued after the re-shotcrete operation is completed.

9. A tunnel excavation, slag removal and grouting parallel operation construction method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The initial shotcrete operation, specifically, the material supply part is connected with the pumping system in the shotcrete mechanism, and the shotcrete operation is carried out on the wall of the initially excavated tunnel through the shotcrete mechanism; the slag removal operation is to move the loader to the heading face and transport the slag produced by excavation to a place far away from the coverage range of the platform.

10. A tunnel excavation, slag removal and grouting parallel operation construction method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The re-spraying operation is specifically as follows: the material supply part is connected with the pumping system in the spraying mechanism; the spraying operation is carried out on the assembled arch frames on both sides of the tunnel through the spraying mechanism arranged at the front end of the gantry; when the spraying operation is being carried out, the excavation mechanism carries out excavation operation on the end face on one side of the heading face, and the spraying mechanism carries out spraying operation on the end face on the other side of the heading face; the excavation mechanism and the spraying mechanism operate in a staggered manner, and the slag discharge mechanism transports the slag on the heading face out of the heading face through the inlet and outlet channels.

11. A tunnel excavation, slag removal and grouting parallel operation construction method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The material conveying system is a transport channel fixed on both sides of the platform. A conveyor belt is arranged at the bottom of the transport channel. The conveyor belt is driven by the power unit at the bottom. Under the action of the power unit, the slag will be continuously transported from the front end of the transport channel to the rear end, so that the slag is lifted to a predetermined height. At this time, the transport vehicle is arranged at the rear end of the transport channel. The lifted slag continuously falls into the transport vehicle, and the transport vehicle transports the slag away from the tunnel from both sides of the platform.

12. A tunnel excavation, slag removal and grouting parallel operation construction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The tunneling operation is carried out using a tunneling arm installed at the front end of the gantry.

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