Comprehensive efficient energy utilization system and method based on gas turbine

Abstract

The invention provides a comprehensive efficient energy utilization system and method based on a gas turbine. The comprehensive efficient energy utilization system comprises a combustion heat utilization loop used for natural gas combustion and heat utilization. The combustion heat utilization loop is connected with a two-stage expansion heat-work conversion loop for heat-work conversion; the two-stage expansion heat-work conversion loop is connected with a domestic hot water loop used for providing domestic water. The low-temperature waste heat is utilized for power generation, the low-temperature waste heat is fully utilized, economic benefits are brought, and meanwhile, the method is a main way for reducing comprehensive energy consumption and solving environmental thermal pollution; according to the system, the utilization efficiency of heat energy is improved by improving a traditional organic working medium circulating system, and the system is energy-saving and environment-friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy utilization, and in particular relates to a comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system and method based on a gas turbine. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid growth of economy and population, the demand for energy has increased significantly. The energy crisis caused by the depletion of fossil fuel reserves has intensified, and the environmental problems caused by the accelerated consumption of fossil fuels have become more and more serious. In order to more effectively deal with the environmental problems caused by the use of fossil fuels, countries are actively supporting energy transformation. Renewable energy generation is of great significance for reducing carbon emissions and alleviating environmental problems, and is an important means to achieve energy transformation. However, renewable energy generation still has certain limitations in terms of stability and cost. In this context, waste heat recovery and utilization has gradually become a research hotspot as an effective means to improve energy utilization and reduce carbon emissions.

[0003] Waste heat recovery is a way to improve energy utilization, so waste heat power generation for waste heat recovery has received attention and research from many scholars. Waste heat power generation is an important application direction of waste heat recovery technology. By converting waste heat generated in the industrial production process into electrical energy, it can effectively improve the comprehensive utilization rate of energy, reduce the production costs of enterprises, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. With the gradual implementation of my country's dual-carbon strategy, the important role of low-temperature waste heat power generation in energy conservation is increasingly reflected. By assembling a low-temperature waste heat power generation system, the comprehensive utilization of energy can be achieved, the low-temperature waste heat can be fully utilized, and heat loss can be reduced. The emission of industrial waste heat and a large amount of harmful flue gas is one of the main factors causing the greenhouse effect and air pollution. Reducing the greenhouse effect and air pollution requires efficient recovery of industrial waste heat and treatment of harmful flue gas. Therefore, it is necessary to design a system that effectively recovers industrial waste heat, removes flue gas, and uses low-temperature waste heat to drive organic working fluid circulation power generation. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a high-efficiency organic working fluid circulation system for generating electricity by utilizing low-temperature waste heat. The present invention utilizes low-temperature waste heat to generate electricity and fully utilizes low-temperature waste heat. While bringing economic benefits, it is also the main way to reduce comprehensive energy consumption and solve environmental thermal pollution. The system improves the utilization efficiency of thermal energy by improving the traditional organic working fluid circulation system, which is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0005] In order to realize the above technical features, the object of the present invention is achieved as follows: a comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system based on a gas turbine, comprising a combustion heat utilization loop for natural gas combustion and heat utilization; The combustion heat utilization circuit is connected to a two-stage expansion heat-to-work conversion circuit for heat-to-work conversion; The two-stage expansion heat-work conversion circuit is connected to a domestic hot water circuit for providing domestic water.

[0006] The combustion heat utilization circuit includes a compressor, an air preheater, a combustion chamber, an expander, a gear reducer, a generator, a high-temperature evaporator, a low-temperature evaporator, an absorption refrigeration device and a flue gas treatment device; The outlet of the air machine is connected to the air preheater, the air preheater is connected to the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is connected to the air inlet of the expander, the output shaft of the expander is connected to the generator and drives the generator to generate electricity; the output shaft of the expander is also connected to the air machine through a gear reducer.

[0007] The exhaust port of the expander is connected to the high-temperature evaporator, the medium-temperature flue gas outlet of the high-temperature evaporator is connected to the low-temperature evaporator, the low-temperature evaporator is connected to the air preheater, the air preheater is connected to the absorption refrigeration device, and the absorption refrigeration device is connected to the flue gas treatment device.

[0008] The combustion chamber is used for burning natural gas.

[0009] The two-stage expansion heat-work conversion circuit comprises a high-temperature evaporator, a high-pressure expander, a generator, a flash evaporator, a pressure sensor, a circulating pump, a low-temperature evaporator, a pressure sensor, a low-pressure expander, a generator, an ejector, a heat exchanger, an absorption refrigeration device and a circulating pump; One end of the high-temperature evaporator is connected to the absorption refrigeration device through a circulation pump, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure expander and the flash evaporator; The high-pressure expander is connected to the generator 1, the flash evaporator is connected to the high-temperature evaporator, and the flash evaporator is connected to the low-temperature evaporator through the circulation pump 2; One end of the low-pressure expander is connected to the high-pressure expander, the flash evaporator and the low-temperature evaporator, and the other end is connected to the generator 2; One end of the ejector is connected to the low-pressure expander, and the other end is connected to the low-temperature evaporator.

[0010] A pressure sensor 1 is arranged at the outlet of the flash evaporator, and a pressure sensor 2 is also arranged at the upper outlet of the low-temperature evaporator.

[0011] The domestic hot water circuit includes a heat exchanger 1 and a heat exchanger 2; An inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to tap water and an ejector; One end of the heat exchanger 2 is connected to the heat exchanger 1, and the other end is connected to the domestic hot water outlet.

[0012] The flue gas treatment device includes an SCR reaction chamber, a combustion chamber and a photocatalytic reaction chamber; one end of the SCR reaction chamber is connected to the flue gas inlet, and the other end is connected to the combustion chamber. The SCR reaction chamber uses V2O5 as a catalyst and ammonia or urea as a reducing agent; the photocatalytic reaction chamber selects metal oxide TiO2 as a photocatalyst. Under light conditions, carbon dioxide and water adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalytic material are converted into organic matter and oxygen.

[0013] A soot blower is arranged inside the SCR reaction chamber.

[0014] A method for operating a comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system based on a gas turbine: When the system is running, the air is compressed through the two steps of suction and compression under the operation of the compressor, and then enters the air preheater to be preheated to a certain temperature, enters the combustion chamber and mixes with natural gas to burn to produce high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas. Then, this high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas drives the expander to work and output mechanical work to the outside. The expander drives the generator to generate electricity through the rotating shaft; at the same time, the expander drives the compressor to work through the gear reducer to achieve the compression of the air required for combustion; The gas in the compressor impeller blade flow channel is driven by the blades. Under the action of centrifugal force, the gas is thrown out of the impeller and enters the diffuser. The high-temperature flue gas enters the high-temperature evaporator. The liquid organic working medium is pressurized by the circulation pump 1 and enters the high-temperature evaporator. The high-temperature flue gas and the liquid organic working medium exchange heat in a countercurrent manner. The liquid organic working medium is evaporated in the high-temperature evaporator, and the saturated steam generated enters the high-pressure expander to expand and do work, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity; the saturated liquid working fluid is separated from the high-temperature evaporator and enters the flash evaporator, where it flashes to become a gas-liquid mixture. The gaseous working medium after flash separation, the low-pressure gaseous working medium leaving the high-pressure expander, and the gaseous working medium separated from the low-temperature evaporator are mixed and enter the low-pressure expander. The mixed low-pressure gaseous working medium continues to expand and do work in the low-pressure expander and is converted into electrical energy for external output; the remaining liquid organic working medium in the flash evaporator flows out of the flash evaporator and enters the low-temperature evaporator under the pressure of the circulation pump 2; The liquid organic working medium is heated in the low-temperature evaporator to form a gas-liquid mixture, and then the gas-liquid mixture enters the separation tank in the low-temperature evaporator for gas-liquid separation. The liquid organic working medium enters the ejector from the low-temperature evaporator to eject the exhaust steam from the low-pressure expander to reduce the exhaust steam pressure of the low-pressure expander. By detecting the pressure values ​​of the pressure sensor 1 and the pressure sensor 2, the pump work of the circulation pump is adjusted, so that the gaseous working fluid can be smoothly mixed at the inlet of the low-pressure expander, so that the system can run smoothly; The flue gas leaving the low-temperature evaporator after cooling enters the air preheater to cool down and preheat the compressed air. The low-temperature flue gas after cooling then enters the generator in the absorption refrigeration device to further use the waste heat to drive the absorption refrigeration cycle; the gas-liquid mixture ejected by the ejector enters the heat exchanger 1, the tap water first enters the heat exchanger 1 to absorb the heat of the gas-liquid mixture, and then enters the heat exchanger 2 to absorb the heat of the remaining flue gas in the absorption refrigeration device to obtain domestic hot water. Finally, the ground-temperature flue gas after multiple deep cooling enters the flue gas treatment device and is discharged to the outside after purification. The flue gas treatment device uses the SCR method to treat the flue gas, using V2O5 as a catalyst and ammonia or urea as a reducing agent. Through the presence of the catalyst, NH3 and NO x The reaction temperature is greatly reduced, and its working range is 280~420℃. V2O5 is used as a catalyst, and the denitrification reaction temperature is 300~400℃. x The removal rate can reach 80%~90%. After denitrification, the gas is re-burned and introduced into the combustion chamber to fully react with oxygen at high temperature to convert carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and water vapor. The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 is carried out, and TiO2 is selected as the photocatalyst. Under light conditions, the reduction reaction of CO2 is promoted to convert carbon dioxide and water adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalytic material into organic matter and oxygen, and then the treated gas is discharged into the atmosphere; the organic working fluid enters the evaporator in the absorption refrigeration device to be condensed into liquid organic working fluid, which is then pressurized by the circulating pump into the high-temperature evaporator for the next cycle.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention combines the optimized thermodynamic cycle with the gas turbine cycle, improves the efficiency of energy recovery and utilization, efficiently recovers the waste heat in the flue gas, and greatly improves the comprehensive utilization rate of energy.

[0016] 2. The cycle of the present invention adopts a combination of the new separation-flash evaporation and separation-injection technologies. Separation-flash evaporation can further convert the liquid organic working medium that has not been heated into steam into low-pressure steam, and allow it to enter the low-pressure expander to do work, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the system. Separation-injection reduces the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure expander by injecting a small amount of residual saturated liquid in the evaporator into the ejector, thereby further improving the power generation and power generation efficiency of the system.

[0017] 3. The expander in the natural gas combustion and heat utilization loop of the present invention can directly apply the mechanical work of the expander to the compressor through the gear reducer, which can avoid the loss of energy during multiple conversions, improve the energy utilization rate of the system, and thus improve the power generation efficiency of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the organic working fluid circulation power generation system based on the comprehensive and efficient energy utilization of the gas turbine of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the flue gas treatment device of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1 compressor, 2 air preheater, 3 combustion chamber, 4 expander, 5 gear reducer, 6 generator, 7 high temperature evaporator, 8 high pressure expander, 9 generator 1, 10 flash evaporator, 11 pressure sensor 1, 12 circulating pump 2, 13 low temperature evaporator, 14 pressure sensor 2, 15 low pressure expander, 16 generator 2, 17 ejector, 18 heat exchanger 1, 19 absorption refrigeration device, 20 circulating pump 1, 21 heat exchanger 2, 22 flue gas treatment device; 2201SCR reaction chamber, 2202 combustion chamber, 2203 photocatalytic reaction chamber, 2204 soot blower. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Embodiment 1: like Figure 1-2 , a comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system based on a gas turbine, including a combustion heat utilization circuit for natural gas combustion and heat utilization; the combustion heat utilization circuit is connected to a two-stage expansion heat-to-work conversion circuit for heat-to-work conversion; the two-stage expansion heat-to-work conversion circuit is connected to a domestic hot water circuit for providing domestic water. The present invention utilizes low-temperature waste heat to generate electricity and fully utilizes low-temperature waste heat. While bringing economic benefits, it is also the main way to reduce comprehensive energy consumption and solve environmental thermal pollution. The system improves the utilization efficiency of thermal energy by improving the traditional organic working fluid circulation system, saving energy and being environmentally friendly.

[0024] Furthermore, the combustion heat utilization circuit includes a compressor 1, an air preheater 2, a combustion chamber 3, an expander 4, a gear reducer 5, a generator 6, a high-temperature evaporator 7, a low-temperature evaporator 13, an absorption refrigeration device 19 and a flue gas treatment device 22; the outlet of the air machine 1 is connected to the air preheater 2, the air preheater 2 is connected to the combustion chamber 3, the combustion chamber 3 is connected to the air inlet of the expander 4, the output shaft of the expander 4 is connected to the generator 6, and drives the generator 6 to generate electricity; the output shaft of the expander 4 is also connected to the air machine 1 through the gear reducer 5. The exhaust port of the expander 4 is connected to the high-temperature evaporator 7, the medium-temperature flue gas outlet of the high-temperature evaporator 7 is connected to the low-temperature evaporator 13, the low-temperature evaporator 13 is connected to the air preheater 2, the air preheater 2 is connected to the absorption refrigeration device 19, and the absorption refrigeration device 19 is connected to the flue gas treatment device 22.

[0025] Through the above combustion heat utilization loop, in the specific working process, air enters the compressor 1 for pressure increase, and one end of the compressor 1 is connected to the air preheater 2 to preheat the compressed air. The combustion chamber 3 is connected to the air inlet of the expander 4, and the natural gas enters the combustion chamber 3 and mixes with the air to generate high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas to drive the expander 4 to work and output mechanical work to the outside. The expander 4 is connected to the generator 6 through the rotating shaft to drive it to generate electricity, and is connected to the gear reducer 5 to drive the compressor 1 to work, so as to achieve the compression of the air required for combustion. One end of the high-temperature evaporator 7 is connected to the exhaust port of the expander 4 to heat the organic working medium to make it a gas-liquid mixture; the other end is connected to the low-temperature evaporator 13, and the medium-temperature flue gas coming out of the high-temperature evaporator 7 after heat release and cooling continues to enter the low-temperature evaporator 13. The low-temperature evaporator 13 is connected to the air waste heat 2, and the flue gas leaving after cooling enters the air waste heat 2 to cool and preheat the compressed air. The absorption refrigeration device 19 is connected to the air preheater 2, and the lower temperature flue gas after absorption and cooling is further used to drive the absorption refrigeration cycle using waste heat. The flue gas treatment device 22 is connected to the absorption refrigeration device 19 to purify the ground-temperature flue gas that has been deeply cooled for multiple times, and then discharge it to the outside after purification.

[0026] Furthermore, the combustion chamber 3 is used to burn natural gas. The combustion chamber 3 is used to burn natural gas.

[0027] Furthermore, the two-stage expansion heat-work conversion circuit includes a high-temperature evaporator 7, a high-pressure expander 8, a generator 9, a flash evaporator 10, a pressure sensor 11, a circulating pump 2 12, a low-temperature evaporator 13, a pressure sensor 14, a low-pressure expander 15, a generator 2 16, an ejector 17, a heat exchanger 18, an absorption refrigeration device 19 and a circulating pump 20; one end of the high-temperature evaporator 7 is connected to the absorption refrigeration device 19 through a circulating pump 20, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure expander 8 and the flash evaporator 10; the high-pressure expander 8 is connected to the generator 9, the flash evaporator 10 is connected to the high-temperature evaporator 7, and the flash evaporator 10 is connected to the low-temperature evaporator 13 through the circulating pump 2 12; one end of the low-pressure expander 15 is connected to the high-pressure expander 8, the flash evaporator 10 and the low-temperature evaporator 13, and the other end is connected to the generator 2 16; one end of the ejector 17 is connected to the low-pressure expander 15, and the other end is connected to the low-temperature evaporator 13.

[0028] Through the above-mentioned two-stage expansion heat-work conversion circuit, during the working process, one end of the high-temperature evaporator 7 is connected to the circulating pump 120, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure expander 8 and the flash evaporator 10. The liquid organic working medium coming out of the evaporator in the absorption refrigeration device 19 is pressurized by the circulating pump 120 and enters the high-temperature evaporator 7 to evaporate into a gaseous mixture of saturated steam and saturated liquid mixture. One end of the high-pressure expander 8 is connected to the high-temperature evaporator 7, and the other end is connected to the generator 19. The saturated steam in the high-temperature evaporator 7 enters and drives the high-pressure expander 8 to expand and work after separation, and the mechanical work output by the generator 9 is converted into electrical energy for external output. The flash evaporator 10 is connected to the high-temperature evaporator 7, and the saturated liquid working medium in the high-temperature evaporator 7 is separated and enters the flash evaporator 10 for flash separation. The low-temperature evaporator 13 is connected to the circulating pump 212, and the liquid working medium is pressurized by the circulating pump 212 and sent to the low-temperature evaporator 13 to absorb heat and vaporize into a gas-liquid mixture. One end of the low-pressure expander 15 is connected to the high-pressure expander 8, the flash evaporator 10 and the low-temperature evaporator 13, and the other end is connected to the generator 2 16. The gaseous working medium after flash separation in the flash evaporator 10, the low-pressure gaseous working medium leaving the high-pressure expander 8 and the gaseous working medium separated in the low-temperature evaporator 13 are mixed and sent to the low-pressure expander 15. The mixed low-pressure gaseous working medium continues to expand and do work in the low-pressure expander 15 and is converted into electrical energy for external output. One end of the ejector 17 is connected to the low-pressure expander 15, and the other end is connected to the low-temperature evaporator 13. The exhaust steam leaving the low-pressure expander 15 and the saturated liquid working medium separated in the low-temperature evaporator 13 enter the ejector 17 from different inlets respectively, and the speed is increased and the pressure is reduced in the nozzle, thereby reducing the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure expander 15, which can further improve the power generation and power generation efficiency of the system. In addition, the exhaust steam leaving the low-pressure expander 15 and the liquid working medium coming out of the low-temperature evaporator 7 can be sprayed and mixed in the ejector 17 and pressurized in the diffuser section in the latter half, thereby improving the condensation pressure and condensation efficiency of the subsequent cycle.

[0029] Furthermore, a pressure sensor 11 is provided at the outlet of the flash evaporator 10, and a pressure sensor 2 14 is also provided at the upper outlet of the low-temperature evaporator 13. The pumping power of the circulation pump 12 can be adjusted by detecting the pressure values ​​of the pressure sensor 11 and the pressure sensor 2 14, so that the gaseous working fluid can be smoothly mixed at the inlet of the low-pressure expander 15, so that the system can run smoothly.

[0030] Furthermore, the domestic hot water circuit includes a heat exchanger 18 and a heat exchanger 21; the inlet of the heat exchanger 18 is connected to the tap water and the ejector 17; one end of the heat exchanger 21 is connected to the heat exchanger 18, and the other end is connected to the domestic hot water outlet. The tap water first enters from the heat exchanger 18 to absorb the heat of the gas-liquid mixture working medium from the ejector 17.

[0031] One end of the above-mentioned domestic hot water circuit heat exchanger 21 is connected to heat exchanger 18, and the other end is connected to the domestic hot water outlet. Tap water with a certain temperature flows out of heat exchanger 18 and enters heat exchanger 21 to absorb the low-temperature flue gas waste heat finally discharged from the combustion heat utilization circuit. The tap water after secondary heating is provided to users as domestic hot water.

[0032] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment device 22 includes an SCR reaction chamber 2201, a combustion chamber 2202 and a photocatalytic reaction chamber 2203; one end of the SCR reaction chamber 2201 is connected to the flue gas inlet, and the other end is connected to the combustion chamber 2202. The SCR reaction chamber 2201 uses V2O5 as a catalyst and ammonia or urea as a reducing agent; the photocatalytic reaction chamber 2203 selects metal oxide TiO2 as a photocatalyst, and under light conditions, carbon dioxide and water adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalytic material are converted into organic matter and oxygen.

[0033] The above-mentioned flue gas treatment device 22 can be used for flue gas treatment. During operation, the flue gas enters the SCR reaction chamber for denitration and then enters the combustion chamber, where it fully reacts with oxygen at high temperature to convert carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and water vapor. The combustion chamber is connected to the photocatalytic reaction chamber, which selects metal oxide TiO2 as a photocatalyst. Under light conditions, carbon dioxide and water adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalytic material are converted into organic matter, such as CH4, CH3OH, etc., and oxygen.

[0034] Furthermore, a soot blower 2204 is provided inside the SCR reaction chamber 2201. Soot blowing can be achieved through the soot blower 2204.

[0035] Embodiment 2: A method for operating a comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system based on a gas turbine: When the system is running, the air is compressed through the two steps of suction and compression under the operation of the compressor 1, and then enters the air preheater 2 to be preheated to a certain temperature, enters the combustion chamber 3 to mix with natural gas and burn to produce high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas drives the expander 4 to work and output mechanical work to the outside, and the expander 4 drives the generator 6 to generate electricity through the rotating shaft; at the same time, the expander 4 drives the compressor 1 to work through the gear reducer 5 to achieve the compression of the air required for combustion; The gas in the impeller blade flow path of the compressor 1 is driven by the blades. Under the action of centrifugal force, the gas is thrown out of the impeller and enters the diffuser. The high-temperature flue gas enters the high-temperature evaporator 7. The liquid organic working fluid is pressurized by the circulating pump 20 and enters the high-temperature evaporator 7. The high-temperature flue gas and the liquid organic working fluid exchange heat in a countercurrent manner. The liquid organic working fluid is evaporated in the high-temperature evaporator 7. The generated saturated steam enters the high-pressure expander 8 to expand and do work, thereby driving the generator 9 to generate electricity; the saturated liquid working fluid is discharged from the high-temperature evaporator 7 to the high-pressure expander 8. 7 enters the flash evaporator 10 after separation, and flashes in the flash evaporator 10 to become a gas-liquid mixture. The gaseous working medium after flash separation, the low-pressure gaseous working medium leaving the high-pressure expander 8 and the gaseous working medium separated in the low-temperature evaporator are mixed and enter the low-pressure expander 15. The mixed low-pressure gaseous working medium continues to expand and do work in the low-pressure expander 15 and is converted into electrical energy for external output; the remaining liquid organic working medium in the flash evaporator 10 flows out of the flash evaporator and enters the low-temperature evaporator 13 under the pressure of the circulating pump 2 12; The liquid organic working medium is heated in the low-temperature evaporator 13 to form a gas-liquid mixture, and then the gas-liquid mixture enters the separation tank in the low-temperature evaporator 13 for gas-liquid separation. The liquid organic working medium enters the ejector 17 from the low-temperature evaporator 13 to eject the exhaust steam from the low-pressure expander 15 to reduce the exhaust steam pressure of the low-pressure expander 15. By detecting the pressure values ​​of the pressure sensor 11 and the pressure sensor 2 14, the pumping power of the circulation pump 12 is adjusted, so that the gaseous working fluid can be smoothly mixed at the inlet of the low-pressure expander 15, so that the system can run smoothly; The flue gas leaving the low-temperature evaporator 13 after being cooled enters the air preheater 2 for cooling and preheating the compressed air. The cooled flue gas at a lower temperature then enters the generator in the absorption refrigeration device 19 to further use the waste heat to drive the absorption refrigeration cycle; the gas-liquid mixture ejected by the ejector 17 enters the heat exchanger 18, and the tap water first enters the heat exchanger 18 to absorb the heat of the gas-liquid mixture, and then enters the heat exchanger 21 to absorb the heat of the remaining flue gas in the absorption refrigeration device 19 to obtain domestic hot water. Finally, the ground-temperature flue gas after multiple deep cooling enters the flue gas treatment device 22 and is discharged to the outside after purification. The flue gas treatment device 22 uses the SCR method to treat the flue gas, using V2O5 as a catalyst and ammonia or urea as a reducing agent. Through the presence of the catalyst, NH3 and NO x The reaction temperature is greatly reduced, and its working range is 280~420℃. V2O5 is used as a catalyst, and the denitrification reaction temperature is 300~400℃. x The removal rate can reach 80%~90%. After denitrification, the gas is re-burned and introduced into the combustion chamber to fully react with oxygen at high temperature to convert carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and water vapor. The photocatalytic reduction method of CO2 is adopted, and TiO2 is selected as the photocatalyst. Under light conditions, the reduction reaction of CO2 is promoted to convert carbon dioxide and water adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalytic material into organic matter and oxygen, and then the treated gas is discharged into the atmosphere; the organic working fluid enters the evaporator in the absorption refrigeration device 19 to be condensed into liquid organic working fluid, which is then pressurized by the circulating pump 20 and enters the high-temperature evaporator 7 for the next cycle.

Claims

1. A comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system based on a gas turbine, characterized in that: It includes a combustion heat utilization circuit for natural gas combustion and heat utilization; The combustion heat utilization circuit is connected to a two-stage expansion heat-to-work conversion circuit for heat-to-work conversion; The two-stage expansion heat-work conversion circuit is connected to a domestic hot water circuit for providing domestic water.

2. A comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system based on a gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion heat utilization circuit comprises a compressor (1), an air preheater (2), a combustion chamber (3), an expander (4), a gear reducer (5), a generator (6), a high-temperature evaporator (7), a low-temperature evaporator (13), an absorption refrigeration device (19) and a flue gas treatment device (22); The outlet of the air machine (1) is connected to the air preheater (2), the air preheater (2) is connected to the combustion chamber (3), the combustion chamber (3) is connected to the air inlet of the expander (4), the output shaft of the expander (4) is connected to the generator (6), and drives the generator (6) to generate electricity; the output shaft of the expander (4) is also connected to the air machine (1) through a gear reducer (5).

3. The comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system based on a gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust port of the expander (4) is connected to the high-temperature evaporator (7), the medium-temperature flue gas outlet of the high-temperature evaporator (7) is connected to the low-temperature evaporator (13), the low-temperature evaporator (13) is connected to the air preheater (2), the air preheater (2) is connected to the absorption refrigeration device (19), and the absorption refrigeration device (19) is connected to the flue gas treatment device (22).

4. The comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system based on a gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion chamber (3) is used for burning natural gas.

5. The comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system based on a gas turbine according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The two-stage expansion heat-work conversion circuit comprises a high-temperature evaporator (7), a high-pressure expander (8), a generator (9), a flash evaporator (10), a pressure sensor (11), a circulating pump (12), a low-temperature evaporator (13), a pressure sensor (14), a low-pressure expander (15), a generator (16), an ejector (17), a heat exchanger (18), an absorption refrigeration device (19) and a circulating pump (20); One end of the high-temperature evaporator (7) is connected to the absorption refrigeration device (19) via a circulation pump (20), and the other end is connected to the high-pressure expander (8) and the flash evaporator (10); The high-pressure expander (8) is connected to a generator 1 (9), the flash evaporator (10) is connected to a high-temperature evaporator (7), and the flash evaporator (10) is connected to a low-temperature evaporator (13) via a circulating pump 2 (12); One end of the low-pressure expander (15) is connected to the high-pressure expander (8), the flash evaporator (10) and the low-temperature evaporator (13), and the other end is connected to the second generator (16); One end of the ejector (17) is connected to the low-pressure expander (15), and the other end is connected to the low-temperature evaporator (13).

6. A comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system based on a gas turbine according to claim 5, characterized in that: A pressure sensor 1 (11) is provided at the outlet of the flash evaporator (10), and a pressure sensor 2 (14) is also provided at the upper outlet of the low-temperature evaporator (13).

7. The comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system based on a gas turbine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The domestic hot water circuit comprises a heat exchanger 1 (18) and a heat exchanger 2 (21); The inlet of the heat exchanger 1 (18) is connected to tap water and the ejector (17); One end of the heat exchanger 2 (21) is connected to the heat exchanger 1 (18), and the other end is connected to the domestic hot water outlet.

8. The comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system based on a gas turbine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment device (22) comprises an SCR reaction chamber (2201), a combustion chamber (2202) and a photocatalytic reaction chamber (2203); one end of the SCR reaction chamber (2201) is connected to a flue gas inlet, and the other end is connected to the combustion chamber (2202); the SCR reaction chamber (2201) uses V2O5 as a catalyst and ammonia or urea as a reducing agent; the photocatalytic reaction chamber (2203) selects metal oxide TiO2 as a photocatalyst, and under light conditions, carbon dioxide and water adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalytic material are converted into organic matter and oxygen.

9. A comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system based on a gas turbine according to claim 8, characterized in that: A soot blower (2204) is provided inside the SCR reaction chamber (2201).

10. The method for operating a comprehensive and efficient energy utilization system based on a gas turbine according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: When the system is in operation, the compressor (1) is in operation, and the air is compressed through the two steps of suction and compression. The air is then preheated to a certain temperature in the air preheater (2), and then enters the combustion chamber (3) to mix with natural gas and burn to generate high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas. Subsequently, the high-temperature and high-pressure flue gas drives the expander (4) to work and output mechanical work to the outside. The expander (4) drives the generator (6) to generate electricity through the rotating shaft. At the same time, the expander (4) drives the compressor (1) to work through the gear reducer (5), thereby achieving the compression of air required for combustion. The gas in the impeller blade flow path of the compressor (1) is driven by the blades. Under the action of centrifugal force, the gas is thrown out of the impeller and enters the diffuser. The high-temperature flue gas enters the high-temperature evaporator (7). The liquid organic working fluid is pressurized by the circulating pump (20) and enters the high-temperature evaporator (7). The high-temperature flue gas and the liquid organic working fluid exchange heat in a countercurrent manner. The liquid organic working fluid is evaporated in the high-temperature evaporator (7). The generated saturated steam enters the high-pressure expander (8) to expand and perform work, thereby driving the generator (9) to generate electricity. The saturated liquid working fluid is discharged from the high-temperature evaporator (7). ) enters the flash evaporator (10) after separation, and flashes in the flash evaporator (10) to form a gas-liquid mixture. The gaseous working fluid after flash separation, the low-pressure gaseous working fluid leaving the high-pressure expander (8), and the gaseous working fluid separated in the low-temperature evaporator are mixed and enter the low-pressure expander (15). The mixed low-pressure gaseous working fluid continues to expand and perform work in the low-pressure expander (15) and is converted into electrical energy for external output. The remaining liquid organic working fluid in the flash evaporator (10) flows out of the flash evaporator and enters the low-temperature evaporator (13) under the pressure of the circulating pump 2 (12); The liquid organic working medium is heated in the low-temperature evaporator (13) to form a gas-liquid mixture, and then the gas-liquid mixture enters a separation tank in the low-temperature evaporator (13) for gas-liquid separation. The liquid organic working medium enters the ejector (17) from the low-temperature evaporator (13) to eject the exhaust steam from the low-pressure expander (15), thereby reducing the exhaust steam pressure of the low-pressure expander (15); By detecting the pressure values ​​of the pressure sensor 1 (11) and the pressure sensor 2 (14), the pumping power of the circulation pump (12) is adjusted, so that the gaseous working fluid can be smoothly mixed at the inlet of the low-pressure expander (15), so that the system can operate smoothly; The flue gas leaving the low-temperature evaporator (13) after being cooled enters the air preheater (2) to cool down and preheat the compressed air. The cooled flue gas at a lower temperature then enters the generator in the absorption refrigeration device (19) to further utilize the waste heat to drive the absorption refrigeration cycle. The gas-liquid mixture ejected by the ejector (17) enters the heat exchanger 1 (18). The tap water first enters the heat exchanger 1 (18) to absorb the heat of the gas-liquid mixture, and then enters the heat exchanger 2 (21) to absorb the heat of the remaining flue gas in the absorption refrigeration device (19) to obtain domestic hot water. Finally, the ground-temperature flue gas after multiple deep cooling enters the flue gas treatment device (22) and is discharged to the outside after purification. The flue gas treatment device (22) uses the SCR method to treat the flue gas, uses V2O5 as a catalyst, and uses ammonia or urea as a reducing agent. Due to the presence of the catalyst, NH3 and NO x The reaction temperature is greatly reduced, and its working range is 280~420℃. V2O5 is used as a catalyst, and the denitrification reaction temperature is 300~400℃. x The removal rate can reach 80% to 90%. After denitrification, the gas is re-burned and introduced into a combustion chamber to fully react with oxygen at high temperature to convert carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and water vapor. A photocatalytic reduction method of CO2 is adopted, and TiO2 is selected as a photocatalyst. Under light conditions, the reduction reaction of CO2 is promoted to convert carbon dioxide and water adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalytic material into organic matter and oxygen, and then the treated gas is discharged into the atmosphere; the organic working fluid enters the evaporator in the absorption refrigeration device (19) and is condensed into a liquid organic working fluid, which is then pressurized by the circulation pump (20) and enters the high-temperature evaporator (7) for the next cycle.

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