Porcelain insulator defect detection system and detection method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a porcelain insulator defect detection system and a detection method thereof, and relates to the technical field of porcelain insulator defect detection. According to the porcelain insulator defect detection method, the mechanical strength, the electrical performance, the vibration response and the temperature response data of the porcelain insulator are obtained, all the data are comprehensively analyzed, all the defect evaluation indexes are obtained and compared with the preset defect evaluation interval, and defect marking processing is carried out. According to the invention, through comprehensive analysis of measurement data of mechanical strength, electrical performance, vibration response and temperature response, the health condition of the porcelain insulator can be evaluated more accurately, and compared with a traditional single detection method, the multi-dimensional evaluation can identify more types of defects, so that the detection accuracy is improved. According to the method, potential faults caused by tiny physical damage, electrical performance abnormity and temperature change are eliminated, and through comparative analysis of multiple indexes, the possibility of misjudgment and missed judgment is reduced, so that the detection process is more refined, and long-term stable operation of the porcelain insulator in a complex environment is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of porcelain insulator defect detection, and in particular to a porcelain insulator defect detection system and a detection method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Porcelain insulators are widely used in power systems, mainly for electrical insulation and mechanical support of power transmission lines. Due to their important position in high-voltage power grids, the quality and safety of porcelain insulators directly affect the operational stability and safety of power equipment. The reliability of insulators depends on many factors, including the mechanical and electrical properties of their materials, as well as the temperature response and vibration response under the influence of the external environment. Therefore, the defect detection technology of porcelain insulators plays a vital role in ensuring the safe and stable operation of power systems.

[0003] Traditional porcelain insulator defect detection methods mainly rely on manual inspection, appearance inspection and some simple electrical testing methods. However, these methods have many limitations: strong dependence on manual inspection, single detection method, lack of real-time monitoring capability and poor environmental adaptability.

[0004] In order to improve the detection efficiency and accuracy of porcelain insulators and reduce accidents caused by defects, the industry has put forward higher requirements for porcelain insulator defect detection technology. Especially in large-scale power networks, traditional detection methods are difficult to meet the following requirements: high-precision and high-efficiency defect detection, real-time online monitoring, multi-dimensional and multi-parameter comprehensive detection, strong environmental adaptability, and high automation. The defect detection of porcelain insulators needs to be able to be carried out in different working environments, especially in the complex environment of high-voltage power systems. Therefore, the defect detection system needs to have strong environmental adaptability and be able to realize automatic operation, reduce human intervention, and improve detection efficiency.

[0005] The limitations of the existing technology include at least the following problems. First, the existing defect detection methods for porcelain insulators often rely on a single test or evaluation method and fail to comprehensively consider multiple key performance indicators. This limitation makes it impossible for the test results to fully reflect the overall performance of the porcelain insulators and is prone to missing certain key defects or abnormalities. Secondly, traditional detection methods usually find it difficult to fully utilize multi-dimensional data for comprehensive analysis, which makes it difficult to accurately judge the actual performance of porcelain insulators under complex environmental conditions. Traditional methods usually only test the performance of a certain dimension and ignore the influence of other performance indicators, which easily leads to one-sidedness of the test results. In addition, the existing defect assessment often lacks dynamic and adaptive capabilities, making it difficult to conduct real-time evaluation of porcelain insulators according to different load conditions. Moreover, the evaluation methods of the existing technology usually rely on static reference values ​​and lack adaptability to different load conditions, making it difficult to provide accurate defect assessment in real time in actual use environments. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a porcelain insulator defect detection system and a detection method thereof, which solves the problem that the existing porcelain insulator defect detection methods often rely on a single test or evaluation method and fail to comprehensively consider multiple key performance indicators. This limitation makes it impossible for the detection results to fully reflect the overall performance of the porcelain insulator and is prone to missing certain key defects or abnormalities. Secondly, traditional detection methods usually find it difficult to fully utilize multi-dimensional data for comprehensive analysis, which makes it difficult to accurately judge the actual performance of porcelain insulators under complex environmental conditions. Traditional methods usually only detect the performance of a certain dimension and ignore the influence of other performance indicators, which easily leads to one-sidedness of the detection results. In addition, existing defect assessments often lack dynamic and adaptive capabilities, making it difficult to perform real-time assessments of porcelain insulators according to different load conditions. Moreover, the evaluation methods of the prior art usually rely on static reference values, lack adaptability to cope with different load conditions, and are difficult to provide accurate defect assessments in real time in actual use environments.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a porcelain insulator defect detection method, comprising the following steps: obtaining mechanical strength measurement data, electrical performance measurement data, vibration response measurement data, and temperature response measurement data of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and performing preprocessing; comprehensively analyzing the preprocessed mechanical strength measurement data, electrical performance measurement data, vibration response measurement data, and temperature response measurement data of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested to obtain a mechanical strength defect assessment index, electrical performance defect assessment index, vibration response defect assessment index, and temperature response defect assessment index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested; judging and analyzing the mechanical strength defect assessment index, electrical performance defect assessment index, vibration response defect assessment index, and temperature response defect assessment index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested with a preset defect assessment interval, and performing defect marking processing based on the judgment and analysis results.

[0008] A porcelain insulator defect detection system comprises: a data acquisition processing module, a defect assessment module, and a judgment and analysis module; the data acquisition processing module is used to acquire mechanical strength measurement data, electrical performance measurement data, vibration response measurement data, and temperature response measurement data of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and perform preprocessing; the defect assessment module is used to perform comprehensive analysis on the preprocessed mechanical strength measurement data, electrical performance measurement data, vibration response measurement data, and temperature response measurement data of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, respectively, to obtain the mechanical strength defect assessment index, electrical performance defect assessment index, vibration response defect assessment index, and temperature response defect assessment index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested; the judgment and analysis module is used to perform judgment and analysis on the mechanical strength defect assessment index, electrical performance defect assessment index, vibration response defect assessment index, and temperature response defect assessment index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, respectively, and a preset defect assessment interval, and perform defect marking processing based on the judgment and analysis results.

[0009] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0010] (1) The porcelain insulator defect detection method can more accurately evaluate the health status of porcelain insulators through comprehensive analysis of mechanical strength, electrical performance, vibration response and temperature response measurement data. Compared with the traditional single detection method, this multi-dimensional evaluation can identify more types of defects, including minor physical damage, electrical performance abnormalities and potential faults caused by temperature changes. Through comparative analysis of multiple indicators, the possibility of misjudgment and missed judgment is reduced, making the detection process more refined, which helps to ensure the long-term stable operation of porcelain insulators in complex environments.

[0011] (2) The porcelain insulator defect detection method can mark the defects of porcelain insulators in real time by automatically comparing the preset defect evaluation interval with the measurement data, thereby realizing intelligent fault identification. Compared with the traditional manual detection method, this automated process can greatly improve the detection efficiency, reduce human intervention and misjudgment, timely discover and locate potential fault points, and avoid equipment damage or safety hazards caused by failure to discover the fault in time. Especially in high-load or remote monitoring environments, it can respond quickly and provide real-time basis for subsequent maintenance or adjustment.

[0012] (3) The porcelain insulator defect detection method can not only identify current defects through regular collection and analysis of various measurement data, but also predict possible future failures by monitoring trends. For example, through long-term tracking of vibration response, temperature changes, etc., it can reveal potential problems such as aging trends and stress accumulation of porcelain insulator materials, thereby providing early warning and arranging corresponding maintenance plans. Compared with the traditional method of repairing after a failure occurs, this preventive maintenance based on data analysis can effectively reduce equipment downtime and extend the service life of porcelain insulators.

[0013] (4) The porcelain insulator defect detection system achieves a high degree of automation and intelligence through the collaborative work of the data acquisition and processing module, the defect assessment module and the judgment and analysis module. The data acquisition and processing module reduces human intervention and ensures the accuracy and consistency of data acquisition by automatically collecting and preprocessing multi-dimensional data such as mechanical strength, electrical performance, vibration response and temperature response. The defect assessment module conducts a comprehensive analysis of the defects of the porcelain insulator based on a variety of measurement data and outputs various evaluation indexes, avoiding the deviation of human subjective judgment. The judgment and analysis module performs automatic judgment and marking according to the preset defect assessment interval, which greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of the detection process and reduces the tediousness and errors of manual detection. It is particularly suitable for use in large-scale porcelain insulator detection tasks. Overall, the automation and intelligence level of the system significantly improves the detection efficiency, reduces labor costs, and can provide timely feedback on defect information to provide a basis for decision-making.

[0014] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a porcelain insulator defect detection method.

[0016] Figure 2 The present invention is a flowchart of the specific steps of obtaining the electrical performance defect evaluation index of each measuring position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested in a porcelain insulator defect detection method of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 The present invention is a block diagram of a porcelain insulator defect detection system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The embodiment of the present application solves the problem that the existing porcelain insulator defect detection method often relies on a single test or evaluation method and fails to comprehensively consider multiple key performance indicators through a porcelain insulator defect detection system and a detection method. This limitation makes it impossible for the detection results to fully reflect the overall performance of the porcelain insulator and is prone to missing certain key defects or abnormalities. Secondly, traditional detection methods usually find it difficult to fully utilize multi-dimensional data for comprehensive analysis, which makes it difficult to accurately judge the actual performance of porcelain insulators under complex environmental conditions. Traditional methods usually only detect performance in a certain dimension and ignore the influence of other performance indicators, which easily leads to one-sidedness of the detection results. In addition, existing defect assessments often lack dynamic and adaptive capabilities, making it difficult to perform real-time assessments of porcelain insulators according to different load conditions. Moreover, the evaluation methods of the prior art usually rely on static reference values, lack adaptability to cope with different load conditions, and are difficult to provide accurate defect assessments in real time in actual use environments.

[0019] The overall idea of ​​the problem in the embodiment of this application is as follows:

[0020] First, obtain multiple measurement data of the porcelain insulator to be tested, including mechanical strength, electrical performance, vibration response and temperature response data. Each data point needs to be preprocessed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. The preprocessing steps may include denoising, normalization or data cleaning, etc. Then, a comprehensive analysis is performed on the various types of preprocessed data. Each type of measurement data (such as mechanical strength, electrical performance, etc.) will calculate the corresponding defect assessment index. The specific evaluation method will compare and analyze the reference value and the measured value under different loads to obtain the defect assessment index of each measurement point. Finally, the obtained evaluation index is compared with the preset defect assessment interval to determine whether it exceeds the normal range. Based on the judgment result, each measurement position point is marked with defects. Through this process, the specific location of the defect can be located, providing a basis for subsequent maintenance and processing.

[0021] See also Figure 1The embodiment of the present invention provides a technical solution: a porcelain insulator defect detection method, comprising the following steps: obtaining mechanical strength measurement data, electrical performance measurement data, vibration response measurement data, and temperature response measurement data of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and performing preprocessing; performing comprehensive analysis on the preprocessed mechanical strength measurement data, electrical performance measurement data, vibration response measurement data, and temperature response measurement data of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, respectively, to obtain a mechanical strength defect assessment index, electrical performance defect assessment index, vibration response defect assessment index, and temperature response defect assessment index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested; performing judgment analysis on the mechanical strength defect assessment index, electrical performance defect assessment index, vibration response defect assessment index, and temperature response defect assessment index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested and a preset defect assessment interval, and performing defect marking processing based on the judgment analysis results.

[0022] Among them, the specific steps of defect marking processing based on the judgment and analysis results are:

[0023] If each defect assessment index of each measuring position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested is within the corresponding preset defect assessment interval, the porcelain insulator to be tested is considered normal;

[0024] If a defect assessment index of a certain measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested is outside the corresponding preset defect assessment interval, the measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested is regarded as a defect position, and the abnormal measurement value under the abnormal measurement load is identified and marked.

[0025] The mechanical strength measurement data include the compressive strength measurement values ​​under several pressure loads, the bending strength measurement values ​​under several bending loads, and the tensile strength measurement values ​​under several tensile loads. The electrical performance measurement data include the resistance measurement values, dielectric strength measurement values, and leakage current measurement values ​​under several voltage loads. The vibration response measurement data include the resonant frequency measurement values ​​and damping ratio measurement values ​​under several voltage loads. The temperature response measurement data include the thermal conductivity measurement values ​​and thermal expansion coefficient measurement values ​​under several temperature loads.

[0026] Among them, a number of pressure loads, a number of bending loads, a number of tensile loads, a number of voltage loads, and a number of temperature loads are all within the test strength range of the porcelain insulator to be tested.

[0027] The compressive strength measurement value can be obtained by measuring with a pressure testing machine, which is used to evaluate the compressive resistance of the porcelain insulator under test when subjected to external pressure. A higher compressive strength indicates that the porcelain insulator has a stronger pressure-bearing capacity and a stronger structure. A lower compressive strength indicates that there are microcracks, bubbles or material aging inside the porcelain insulator, which makes it easy to rupture or collapse when subjected to compressive loads.

[0028] The bending strength measurement value can be obtained by measuring with a three-point bending tester or a four-point bending tester. It is used to evaluate the rupture strength of the porcelain insulator under bending load. A higher bending strength indicates that the porcelain insulator is not prone to cracks or breakage when subjected to bending load, indicating that its material and structure have good stability. A lower bending strength indicates that the porcelain insulator is prone to bend or crack under long-term stress, affecting its long-term stability.

[0029] The tensile strength measurement value can be obtained by measuring with a tensile testing machine, which is used to evaluate the tensile bearing capacity of the porcelain insulator to be tested. A higher tensile strength indicates that the porcelain insulator can withstand a larger tensile force and exhibits better structural toughness and adaptability. A lower tensile strength indicates that there are defects in the porcelain insulator material, such as cracks and brittle areas, which are prone to rupture under tensile loads.

[0030] The resistance measurement value can be obtained by measuring with a digital multimeter or a high resistance meter, which is used to evaluate the electrical insulation performance of the porcelain insulator to be tested. A higher resistance measurement value indicates that the porcelain insulator has good electrical insulation performance and can effectively prevent the flow of current and avoid leakage. A lower resistance measurement value indicates that the porcelain insulator has cracks, pollution or aging problems, which leads to current leakage, reduces its insulation performance and increases the risk of breakdown.

[0031] The dielectric strength measurement value can be obtained by measuring with a high-voltage tester. It is used to evaluate the maximum voltage measurement value that the porcelain insulator under test can withstand under gradually increasing voltage loads. A higher dielectric strength indicates that the porcelain insulator can withstand higher voltages and has stronger insulation properties. A lower dielectric strength indicates that there are defects inside the porcelain insulator, which is prone to electrical breakdown, making it difficult to work safely in a high-voltage environment.

[0032] The leakage current measurement value can be obtained by measuring with an ammeter. A lower leakage current indicates that the insulation performance of the porcelain insulator is intact and can effectively prevent current leakage. A higher leakage current indicates that the porcelain insulator has cracks, pollution or surface damage, resulting in current penetration and increasing the risk of insulation breakdown.

[0033] The resonance frequency measurement value can be measured and obtained by a vibration tester. It is used to evaluate the physical condition of the porcelain insulator to be tested, especially whether there are cracks, voids or other structural defects. A higher resonance frequency indicates that the porcelain insulator material is relatively uniform, the structure is strong, and there are no obvious cracks or damage. A lower resonance frequency is usually related to defects or damage in the porcelain insulator material. In particular, when there are cracks or internal damage, the resonance frequency will decrease.

[0034] The damping ratio measurement value can be measured and obtained through a vibration test system (such as an exciter, accelerometer, etc.). It is used to evaluate the energy dissipation characteristics and damage degree of the porcelain insulator to be tested. A lower damping ratio indicates that the porcelain insulator structure is more solid and the vibration decays faster. A higher damping ratio indicates that there are cracks in the porcelain insulator or the structure is loose, resulting in slow vibration decay and increased risk of damage.

[0035] Thermal conductivity measurements can be obtained by measuring with a thermal conductivity meter (e.g., a laser flash thermal conductivity meter), which is used to evaluate the thermal conductivity of the porcelain insulator to be tested, especially its performance under extreme temperature conditions. A higher thermal conductivity indicates that the material of the porcelain insulator has better thermal conductivity and no obvious cracks or defects. A lower thermal conductivity indicates that there is uneven material distribution or microcracks inside the porcelain insulator, which can easily lead to obstruction of heat conduction, thereby affecting its insulation performance.

[0036] The measured value of the thermal expansion coefficient can be obtained by measuring with a thermal expansion tester (such as an optical displacement meter, a laser interferometer). It is used to evaluate the expansion characteristics of the porcelain insulator under temperature changes, reflecting the uniformity of the porcelain insulator material and whether there are thermal stress cracks. A lower thermal expansion coefficient indicates that the porcelain insulator material is stable and the expansion behavior is normal. A higher thermal expansion coefficient indicates that it is related to material aging or crack formation. These cracks can easily affect the structural stability of the porcelain insulator and increase the risk of damage.

[0037] Specifically, the specific steps for obtaining the mechanical strength defect evaluation index of each measuring position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested are as follows: respectively obtain the compressive strength reference measurement value under each pressure load, the bending strength reference measurement value under each bending load, and the tensile strength reference measurement value under each tensile load of each measuring position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested; respectively conduct a comprehensive analysis of the compressive strength measurement value under each pressure load, the compressive strength reference measurement value, the bending strength measurement value under each bending load, the bending strength reference measurement value, the tensile strength measurement value under each tensile load, and the tensile strength reference measurement value of each measuring position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested to obtain the mechanical strength defect evaluation index of each measuring position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested.

[0038] The specific formula for calculating the mechanical strength defect evaluation index of each measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested is as follows:

[0039]

[0040] Among them, JxQ t KyQ is the mechanical strength defect evaluation index of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested. ti KyC is the measured compressive strength value of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator under the ith pressure load, ti is the compressive strength reference measurement value of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the ith pressure load, ω t1 is the compressive strength evaluation coefficient of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, KwQ tu KwC is the measured value of the bending strength of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator under the uth bending load, tu is the reference measured value of the bending strength of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the uth bending load, ω t2 is the bending strength evaluation coefficient of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, LsQ tr LsC is the tensile strength measurement value of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator under the rth tensile load. tr is the tensile strength reference measurement value of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the rth tensile load, ω t3 is the tensile strength evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, ω t1 +ω t2 +ω t3 =1, t=1, 2, 3, …, t0, t0 is the number of measuring positions, i=1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is the number of pressure loads, u=1, 2, 3, …, u0, u0 is the number of bending loads, r=1, 2, 3, …, r0, r0 is the number of tensile loads.

[0041] It should be explained that the compressive strength reference measurement value can be obtained through the following steps: select multiple porcelain insulator samples, place them in standard pressure testing equipment for compressive strength testing, the testing equipment can be a hydraulic compressor or other equipment that can apply constant pressure. In each test, different pressure loads are applied, and the minimum pressure value at which the porcelain insulator is damaged or significantly deformed is recorded, which is the compressive strength. Through multiple tests, the compressive strength data of different porcelain insulator samples are obtained.

[0042] The reference measurement value of bending strength can be obtained by the following steps: select multiple porcelain insulator samples and use the three-point bending test method to perform a bending strength test. This method applies a gradually increasing bending force until the porcelain insulator breaks or reaches the maximum bearing capacity, measures the bending force and the maximum point at which the insulator bends, and records the maximum bending stress as the bending strength. Based on the experimental data, the bending strength of each porcelain insulator is calculated, and multiple test results are processed to calculate the mean, median, etc. to obtain the reference value of bending strength under different bending loads.

[0043] The tensile strength reference measurement value can be obtained through the following steps: use a tensile testing machine to perform a tensile test on the porcelain insulator, gradually increase the tensile force, and record the maximum tensile load when the porcelain insulator breaks or undergoes irreversible deformation. In the test, the tensile strength of the porcelain insulator can be tested by applying tension at both ends of the porcelain insulator. Tensile tests are performed on multiple porcelain insulator samples, and the maximum tensile strength is recorded. The mean or weighted average of multiple test results is calculated as a reference measurement value.

[0044] ω t1 ,ω t2 ,ω t3 The specific calculation process is as follows: the compressive strength reference measurement value under each pressure load, the bending strength reference measurement value under each bending load, and the tensile strength reference measurement value under each tensile load of the t-th measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested are respectively subjected to mean analysis to obtain the compressive strength reference measurement mean, the bending strength reference measurement mean, and the tensile strength reference measurement mean of the t-th measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and then standardized (i.e., unit removal) are performed, and then the compressive strength reference measurement mean, the bending strength reference measurement mean, and the tensile strength reference measurement mean of the t-th measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested after the standardized processing are summed and analyzed to obtain the mechanical strength reference measurement sum value of the t-th measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and then the compressive strength reference measurement mean, the bending strength reference measurement mean, and the tensile strength reference measurement mean of the t-th measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested after the standardized processing are respectively subjected to proportion analysis with the mechanical strength reference measurement sum value, and the proportion analysis result is the corresponding evaluation coefficient.

[0045] In this implementation scheme, by performing a detailed reference value mean analysis on the mechanical strength data of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be measured, and combining it with standardization processing, it is possible to effectively eliminate the errors and unit differences that may exist in the measurement process, so that the various measurement data are comparable, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation results. In particular, when measuring the compressive, bending and tensile strength, standardization processing and proportion analysis can ensure that each measurement parameter is given a reasonable weight, thereby more accurately reflecting the actual mechanical properties of the porcelain insulator. The measured values ​​under each load are comprehensively analyzed with the reference values, and the mechanical strength defect evaluation index obtained can comprehensively and systematically reflect the mechanical performance of the porcelain insulator. This systematic evaluation method simplifies the manual calculation and judgment process in traditional defect detection. It not only reduces the complexity of manual operation, but also can quickly and accurately evaluate the mechanical strength of each measurement position, greatly improving the detection efficiency. By comprehensively analyzing different types of measurement data (such as compression, bending, tensile strength, etc.), the final mechanical strength defect evaluation index can not only reflect the performance of a single measurement item, but also comprehensively consider the correlation between various data to form a more comprehensive evaluation system. This multi-dimensional data fusion approach makes the evaluation of the mechanical strength of porcelain insulators more comprehensive and in-depth, and can effectively identify potential defect risks and improve overall evaluation capabilities and reliability.

[0046] Specifically, Figure 2As shown, the specific steps for obtaining the electrical performance defect evaluation index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested are as follows: respectively obtain the resistance reference measurement range, dielectric strength reference measurement range, and leakage current reference measurement range of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load, the resistance reference measurement range includes the maximum resistance reference measurement value and the minimum resistance reference measurement value, the dielectric strength reference measurement range includes the maximum dielectric strength reference measurement value and the minimum dielectric strength reference measurement value, and the leakage current reference measurement range includes the maximum leakage current reference measurement value and the minimum leakage current reference measurement value; respectively take the reference measurement median of the resistance reference measurement range, dielectric strength reference measurement range, and leakage current reference measurement range of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load as the reference measurement median of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load. The resistance reference measurement value, dielectric strength reference measurement value, and leakage current reference measurement value under each voltage load are specifically as follows: resistance reference measurement value=(maximum resistance reference measurement value+minimum resistance reference measurement value) / 2, dielectric strength reference measurement value=(maximum dielectric strength reference measurement value+minimum dielectric strength reference measurement value) / 2, leakage current reference measurement value=(maximum leakage current reference measurement value+minimum leakage current reference measurement value) / 2; the resistance measurement value, resistance reference measurement range, resistance reference measurement value, and dielectric strength measurement value, dielectric strength reference measurement range, dielectric strength reference measurement value, and leakage current measurement value, leakage current reference measurement range, and leakage current reference measurement value of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the electrical performance defect evaluation index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested.

[0047] The specific formula for calculating the electrical performance defect evaluation index at each measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested is as follows:

[0048]

[0049] Among them, DX t is the electrical performance defect evaluation index of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, e is a natural constant, and in this embodiment, the value is 2.71, DZ tp is the resistance measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, DC tp is the resistance reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the maximum resistance reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the minimum resistance reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, δ t1 JD is the resistance evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested.tp JC is the dielectric strength measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator under the pth voltage load, tp is the reference measured value of the dielectric strength of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the reference measurement value of the maximum dielectric strength of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the minimum dielectric strength reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, δ t2 is the dielectric strength evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, LD tp is the leakage current measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator under the pth voltage load, LC tp is the reference measurement value of the leakage current at the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the maximum leakage current reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the minimum leakage current reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, α is the leakage current coefficient stored in the database, which is used to prevent the leakage current reference range from 0, the maximum leakage current reference measurement value and the minimum leakage current reference measurement value from being 0, that is, the denominator = (maximum leakage current reference measurement value - minimum leakage current reference measurement value) = 0, δ t3 is the leakage current evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, δ t1 +δ t2 +δ t3 =1, t=1, 2, 3, …, t0, t0 is the number of measurement positions, p=1, 2, 3, …, p0, p0 is the number of voltage loads.

[0050] It should be explained that the resistance reference measurement value can be obtained through the following steps: select multiple porcelain insulator samples, each sample is tested under different voltage loads, and the resistance of the porcelain insulator is measured using a digital multimeter or a special resistance measuring instrument. Usually, different voltage loads are applied to both ends of the porcelain insulator, and then the resistance is calculated by measuring the current and voltage. Under different voltage loads, the resistance value of each sample is measured separately. Common voltage loads include: low voltage (such as 500V), medium voltage (such as 1000V), high voltage (such as 5000V), etc. For each voltage load, the resistance measurement value of the porcelain insulator is calculated, multiple tests are used and abnormal data is removed, and the maximum, minimum and mean values ​​of multiple measurements are taken. The resistance reference measurement value is usually the average or median of all samples under the voltage load. The maximum and minimum values ​​of the resistance reference measurement range are the maximum resistance and minimum resistance obtained in multiple tests, respectively.

[0051] The dielectric strength reference measurement value can be obtained through the following steps: select multiple porcelain insulator samples, apply different voltage loads to each of them, conduct dielectric strength tests, use standard breakdown test equipment (such as AC breakdown test equipment) to apply voltage to the porcelain insulator, and gradually increase the voltage until the porcelain insulator breaks down (electrical breakdown voltage), test the breakdown voltage of the porcelain insulator under different voltage loads (for example, 1000V, 3000V, 5000V, etc.), and record the voltage value at which the porcelain insulator breaks down, measure the dielectric strength (i.e., breakdown voltage) of the porcelain insulator under each voltage load, obtain the breakdown voltage data of different porcelain insulator samples through multiple tests, take the average or median of the measured values ​​under each voltage load, and obtain the dielectric strength reference measurement value under the voltage load, the maximum dielectric strength and the minimum dielectric strength are the maximum and minimum breakdown voltages tested under the load, respectively.

[0052] The leakage current reference measurement value can be obtained through the following steps: select multiple porcelain insulator samples, apply different voltage loads for testing respectively, use a leakage current testing instrument (such as a high-voltage leakage current tester) to test the porcelain insulators, and measure the leakage current value under each voltage load. Under different voltage loads (such as 500V, 1000V, 5000V, etc.), test the leakage current of the porcelain insulator respectively, and record the leakage current value under each voltage load. For each voltage load, calculate the leakage current value of the porcelain insulator, take the maximum, minimum and average values ​​of multiple test results, and the leakage current reference measurement value is usually the mean or median of multiple test results, which represents the leakage current performance of the porcelain insulator. The maximum leakage current and the minimum leakage current are the maximum and minimum leakage current values ​​of multiple tests under this load.

[0053] δ t1 ,δ t2 ,δ t3 The specific calculation process of is: the resistance reference measurement value, dielectric strength reference measurement value, and leakage current reference measurement value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load are respectively subjected to mean analysis to obtain the resistance reference measurement mean value, dielectric strength reference measurement mean value, and leakage current reference measurement mean value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and then standardized (i.e., unit removal), and then the resistance reference measurement mean value, dielectric strength reference measurement mean value, and leakage current reference measurement mean value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested after the standardized processing are summed and analyzed to obtain the electrical performance reference measurement sum value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and then the resistance reference measurement mean value, dielectric strength reference measurement mean value, and leakage current reference measurement mean value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested after the standardized processing are respectively subjected to proportion analysis with the electrical performance reference measurement sum value, and the proportion analysis result is the corresponding evaluation coefficient.

[0054] In this implementation scheme, by respectively obtaining the reference measurement ranges of the resistance, dielectric strength and leakage current of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and performing mean analysis and standardization on these data, the errors caused by different test conditions or unit differences can be effectively eliminated, and various electrical performance parameters can be made comparable. This processing method makes the evaluation of the electrical performance of the porcelain insulator more accurate, and can ensure that the electrical performance indicators of each measurement position point are reasonably reflected, thereby improving the credibility of the test results. When calculating the electrical performance defect evaluation index, multiple electrical performance indicators such as resistance, dielectric strength and leakage current are comprehensively analyzed, and the sum is obtained after standardization, and then a proportion analysis is performed to obtain a comprehensive electrical performance defect evaluation index. This multi-dimensional analysis method makes the evaluation of electrical performance not limited to a single test data, but comprehensively evaluates the electrical characteristics of porcelain insulators from multiple angles, ensuring the comprehensiveness and comprehensiveness of the evaluation results. In particular, for the measurement of leakage current, measures are taken to prevent the situation where the leakage current reference range is 0 (that is, the maximum leakage current reference measurement value and the minimum leakage current reference measurement value are both 0). This design takes into account possible extreme situations and avoids calculation errors or unreasonable evaluation results caused by abnormal data. By introducing the leakage current coefficient, it ensures that the leakage current data can reasonably participate in the evaluation in all cases, enhances the system's fault tolerance to abnormal data, and improves the robustness of the system.

[0055] Specifically, the specific steps for obtaining the vibration response defect evaluation index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested are as follows: respectively obtain the resonant frequency reference measurement range and the damping ratio reference measurement range of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load, the resonant frequency reference measurement range includes the maximum resonant frequency reference measurement value and the minimum resonant frequency reference measurement value, and the damping ratio reference measurement range includes the maximum damping ratio reference measurement value and the minimum damping ratio reference measurement value; respectively take the reference measurement median of the resonant frequency reference measurement range and the damping ratio reference measurement range of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load as the reference measurement median of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested. The resonance frequency reference measurement value and the damping ratio reference measurement value of the measuring point under each voltage load are specifically as follows: resonance frequency reference measurement value = (maximum resonance frequency reference measurement value + minimum resonance frequency reference measurement value) / 2, damping ratio reference measurement value = (maximum damping ratio reference measurement value + minimum damping ratio reference measurement value) / 2; the resonance frequency measurement value, resonance frequency reference measurement range, resonance frequency reference measurement value, damping ratio measurement value, damping ratio reference measurement range and damping ratio reference measurement value of each measuring position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the vibration response defect evaluation index of each measuring position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested.

[0056] The specific formula for calculating the vibration response defect evaluation index of each measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Among them, ZX t is the vibration response defect evaluation index of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, GZ tp is the measured value of the resonant frequency at the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, GC tp is the reference measured value of the resonant frequency at the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the reference measured value of the maximum resonant frequency at the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the minimum resonant frequency reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, ξ t1 is the resonance frequency evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, ZN tp is the measured value of the damping ratio at the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, ZC tp is the reference measured value of the damping ratio of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the maximum damping ratio reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the minimum damping ratio reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, ψ is the damping ratio coefficient stored in the database, which is used to prevent the damping ratio reference range from being 0, the maximum damping ratio reference measurement value and the minimum damping ratio reference measurement value from being 0, that is, the denominator = (maximum damping ratio reference measurement value - minimum damping ratio reference measurement value) = 0, ξ t2 is the damping ratio evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, ξ t1 +ξ t2 =1, e is a natural constant, which is 2.71 in this embodiment, t=1, 2, 3, ..., t0, t0 is the number of measurement positions, p=1, 2, 3, ..., p0, p0 is the number of voltage loads.

[0059] It should be explained that the reference measurement value of the resonant frequency can be obtained by the following steps: select multiple porcelain insulator samples to ensure their response characteristics under different voltage loads, fix the porcelain insulators on a suitable test platform (such as a vibration table or a frequency response analyzer), use sensors (such as accelerometers, laser displacement sensors or strain gauges) to measure the vibration response of the samples, apply different voltage loads to the samples, simulate the load state under actual working conditions, and obtain their resonant frequencies through frequency analysis (such as FFT analysis). Common test methods include sweep frequency testing or transient response testing, and the resonant frequencies of porcelain insulators are tested under multiple voltage loads (such as 500V, 1000V, 5000V, etc.). Record the resonant frequency value under each voltage load, measure the resonant frequency of the porcelain insulator under each voltage load, calculate the maximum, minimum and mean values ​​of the resonant frequency through multiple tests, and take the maximum resonant frequency and minimum resonant frequency as the reference measurement range under each voltage load.

[0060] The reference measurement value of the damping ratio can be obtained by the following steps: select multiple porcelain insulator samples for testing, ensure their damping characteristics under different voltage loads, apply disturbances to the porcelain insulators (for example, using an exciter or impact test) to excite their vibrations, use sensors (such as accelerometers or displacement sensors) to measure vibration signals, and calculate the damping ratio by analyzing its attenuation signal during the vibration attenuation process of the sample. The half-power point method or LogarithmicDecrement method is usually used to solve it. Different voltage loads (such as 500V, 1000V, 5000V, etc.) can be applied to observe the change in damping ratio under different loads. For each voltage load, the damping ratio of the porcelain insulator is calculated, which is usually obtained by analyzing the amplitude attenuation characteristics of the vibration attenuation process. For each voltage load, the maximum damping ratio and the minimum damping ratio of multiple tests are taken as the reference measurement range under the load.

[0061] ξ t1 , t2The specific calculation process of is: perform mean analysis on the resonant frequency reference measurement value and damping ratio reference measurement value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load, respectively, to obtain the resonant frequency reference measurement mean value and damping ratio reference measurement mean value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and perform standardization processing (i.e., remove the unit processing), and then perform sum analysis on the resonant frequency reference measurement mean value and damping ratio reference measurement mean value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested after the standardization processing, to obtain the vibration response reference measurement sum value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and then perform proportion analysis on the resonant frequency reference measurement mean value and damping ratio reference measurement mean value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested after the standardization processing, respectively, and the vibration response reference measurement sum value, and the proportion analysis result is the corresponding evaluation coefficient.

[0062] In this implementation scheme, by performing reference measurement, standardization processing and comprehensive analysis on the resonant frequency and damping ratio respectively, the vibration response performance of the porcelain insulator can be comprehensively and accurately evaluated. The resonant frequency and damping ratio are important indicators of vibration characteristics, and they can reveal the dynamic response of the porcelain insulator under different voltage loads. Therefore, this comprehensive analysis can effectively detect the potential vibration defects of the porcelain insulator and identify the risks that may lead to failure in advance. In particular, in the calculation of the damping ratio, the damping ratio coefficient is used to prevent the abnormal situation where the reference range is zero (such as the maximum and minimum damping ratios are equal). This design enhances the robustness of the system and ensures that reasonable calculation results can still be obtained when encountering extreme or abnormal data. This meticulous exception processing can avoid erroneous evaluations caused by data anomalies and further improve the accuracy of vibration response defect evaluation. By comprehensively considering the two vibration response indicators of resonant frequency and damping ratio, each is calculated. The vibration response defect assessment index of each measurement position point can be used to comprehensively reflect the dynamic response of porcelain insulators under different voltage loads, and the influence of different vibration characteristics on the performance of porcelain insulators can be effectively integrated to avoid the one-sidedness that may be caused by single indicator evaluation. This multi-dimensional integrated analysis method makes the evaluation more accurate and reliable. Since the calculation formula includes multiple adjustable parameters (such as natural constants, damping ratio coefficients, etc.), this method has strong flexibility and can adjust the coefficients and reference measurement ranges according to the actual application scenarios. The system can not only adapt to different test conditions, but also be flexibly adjusted according to needs, thereby improving the applicability and scalability of the method, and then more accurately evaluate the vibration response characteristics of porcelain insulators, so as to achieve the effect of accurately identifying the location and severity of defects. This not only improves the detection accuracy, but also ensures that potential problems can be effectively screened out in actual applications, avoiding possible system failures or safety hazards.

[0063] Specifically, the specific steps for obtaining the temperature response defect evaluation index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested are as follows: respectively obtain the thermal conductivity reference measurement range and the thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement range of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each temperature load, the thermal conductivity reference measurement range includes the maximum thermal conductivity reference measurement value and the minimum thermal conductivity reference measurement value, and the thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement range includes the maximum thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement value and the minimum thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement value; respectively take the reference measurement median of the thermal conductivity reference measurement range and the thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement range of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each temperature load as the reference measurement median of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested. The thermal conductivity reference measurement value and thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement value of the point under each temperature load are specifically as follows: thermal conductivity reference measurement value = (maximum thermal conductivity reference measurement value + minimum thermal conductivity reference measurement value) / 2, thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement value = (maximum thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement value + minimum thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement value) / 2; the thermal conductivity measurement value, thermal conductivity reference measurement range, thermal conductivity reference measurement value, and thermal expansion coefficient measurement value, thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement range, and thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement value of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the temperature response defect evaluation index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested.

[0064] The specific formula for calculating the temperature response defect evaluation index of each measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested is as follows:

[0065]

[0066] Among them, WX t is the temperature response defect evaluation index of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, RD tv is the measured value of thermal conductivity of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, RC tv is the thermal conductivity reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, is the maximum thermal conductivity reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, is the minimum thermal conductivity reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, ε t1 PX is the thermal conductivity evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement point of the porcelain insulator to be tested. tv PC is the measured value of the thermal expansion coefficient of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, tv is the reference measured value of the thermal expansion coefficient of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, is the reference measured value of the maximum thermal expansion coefficient of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, is the minimum reference measurement value of the thermal expansion coefficient at the t-th measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the v-th temperature load, θ is the thermal expansion factor stored in the database, which is used to prevent the situation where the reference range of the thermal expansion coefficient is 0, the maximum reference measurement value of the thermal expansion coefficient and the minimum reference measurement value of the thermal expansion coefficient are both 0, that is, the denominator = (maximum reference measurement value of the thermal expansion coefficient - minimum reference measurement value of the thermal expansion coefficient) = 0, ε t2 is the thermal expansion evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, ε t1 +ε t2 , t=1, 2, 3, …, t0, t0 is the number of measurement positions, v=1, 2, 3, …, v0, v0 is the number of temperature loads.

[0067] It should be explained that the thermal conductivity reference measurement value can be obtained through the following steps: select multiple porcelain insulator samples, ensure that the material of the samples is consistent and can represent the porcelain insulators in the actual use environment, test equipment: use a heat flow meter (such as a thermal conductivity tester) or a commonly used thermal conductivity test method such as a hot plate method and a steady-state method to measure the thermal conductivity of the sample, apply different temperature loads to the porcelain insulator, and measure within a certain temperature range. For example, common temperature load points can be selected, such as room temperature (20°C), high temperature (100°C, 200°C, etc.) and low temperature (-20°C, -50°C, etc.), and a heat flow meter or transient thermal response method can be used to measure the heat flow and temperature difference of the porcelain insulator at different temperatures. The thermal conductivity value is calculated based on the known heat flow and temperature difference. Common thermal conductivity measurement methods include steady-state method and transient method. Under each temperature load, the thermal conductivity value of the porcelain insulator is measured and recorded. For the test results under each temperature load, multiple repeated tests are performed to obtain the maximum value, minimum value and mean value of the thermal conductivity. For each temperature load, the maximum thermal conductivity and minimum thermal conductivity values ​​are recorded, and the mean value is calculated. The maximum and minimum values ​​are then used as the reference measurement range under the load.

[0068] The reference measurement value of the coefficient of thermal expansion can be obtained by the following steps: select a sample of porcelain insulators to ensure that the sample is representative, use a thermal expansion instrument (such as a differential thermal analyzer or a thermomechanical analyzer, TMA) for testing, and measure its linear expansion or volume expansion at different temperatures by heating or cooling the sample. The common test temperature range includes room temperature to high temperature (such as 20°C to 500°C), apply a temperature gradient to the sample, use a precision displacement sensor or linear deformation sensor to measure the dimensional change of the porcelain insulator sample, calculate the coefficient of thermal expansion based on the dimensional change and temperature change of the sample, measure and record the coefficient of thermal expansion of the porcelain insulator under different temperature loads, usually select temperature load points such as 20°C, 100°C, 200°C, etc., perform multiple tests on the test results under each temperature load, and obtain the maximum, minimum and mean values ​​of the coefficient of thermal expansion. For each temperature load, record the maximum and minimum coefficients of thermal expansion and calculate the mean. The maximum and minimum values ​​are defined as the reference measurement range under that load.

[0069] The tanh function in the formula is expressed as a hyperbolic tangent function (nonlinear function), and its mathematical expression is: Wherein, e is a natural constant, which takes a value of 2.71 in this embodiment, and the value range of tanh(x) is between (-1, 1), and tanh(x) is symmetric about the origin. As the independent variable x increases, the value of tanh(x) gradually increases.

[0070] ε t1 , ε t2 The specific calculation process is as follows: the thermal conductivity reference measurement value, the thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each temperature load are respectively subjected to mean analysis to obtain the thermal conductivity reference measurement mean value, the thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement mean value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and standardization processing (i.e., unit removal processing) is performed, and then the thermal conductivity reference measurement mean value and the thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement mean value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested after the standardization processing are summed and analyzed to obtain the temperature response reference measurement sum value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and then the thermal conductivity reference measurement mean value and the thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement mean value of the t-th measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested after the standardization processing are respectively subjected to proportion analysis with the temperature response reference measurement sum value, and the proportion analysis result is the corresponding evaluation coefficient.

[0071] In this embodiment, by combining the two key temperature response indicators of thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient, the temperature performance of the porcelain insulator can be comprehensively evaluated. Thermal conductivity determines the ability of heat to spread in the material, while the thermal expansion coefficient reflects the physical deformation of the material under temperature changes. The comprehensive analysis of these two indicators can reveal the response of the porcelain insulator under different temperature loads and help detect its reliability under high temperature or temperature change conditions. Using the hyperbolic tangent function (tanh) for nonlinear function processing can more accurately express and process the nonlinear relationship of the measured value. The mathematical properties of the hyperbolic tangent function (the range is between -1 and 1, and it changes with The nonlinear characteristics of the actual temperature response are effectively simulated, making the evaluation process more consistent with the actual physical phenomenon and improving the reliability of the temperature response defect evaluation index. In the calculation process, especially in the processing of the thermal expansion coefficient, an additional thermal expansion factor is used to avoid the abnormal situation that the reference value range is zero (such as when the maximum and minimum thermal expansion coefficients are equal). This design effectively prevents the problem of the denominator being zero due to extreme or abnormal data, and ensures the stability and accuracy of the calculation process. Preventing such abnormal situations helps to improve the stability and robustness of the evaluation results. By combining thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient, the thermal conductivity of the thermal expansion coefficient is more stable and the thermal expansion coefficient of the thermal expansion coefficient is more stable. The evaluation of the expansion coefficient can more comprehensively reflect the comprehensive response of porcelain insulators under temperature changes. This multi-dimensional comprehensive analysis helps to capture the comprehensive impact of temperature on the performance of porcelain insulators, so as to more accurately evaluate their reliability under different working environments and avoid omissions that may be caused by a single indicator. By calculating the reference values ​​of thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient under different temperature loads, standardization and proportion analysis, the temperature response performance of porcelain insulators can be more accurately revealed. This method effectively avoids the impact of temperature fluctuations on material properties, ensures the accuracy of the evaluation process, and improves the credibility of the final evaluation results. It can accurately identify potential defects. Through special processing of abnormal situations (such as the case where the reference measurement value range is zero), possible calculation errors or unexpected results can be avoided, and the robustness of the system in practical applications is increased. In this way, even under complex or extreme test conditions, the system can remain stable and ensure that the evaluation process is not affected by sudden problems. Accurately evaluating the temperature response defects of porcelain insulators helps to discover potential problems as early as possible, thereby improving the timeliness and accuracy of detection. Through this precise evaluation, early warning can be given before the performance of porcelain insulators deteriorates, reducing the possibility of equipment failure, thereby improving the safety and operational reliability of the overall system.

[0072] See also Figure 3The embodiment of the present invention provides a technical solution: a porcelain insulator defect detection system, comprising: a data acquisition processing module, a defect evaluation module, and a judgment and analysis module; the data acquisition processing module is used to acquire mechanical strength measurement data, electrical performance measurement data, vibration response measurement data, and temperature response measurement data of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and perform preprocessing; the defect evaluation module is used to perform comprehensive analysis on the preprocessed mechanical strength measurement data, electrical performance measurement data, vibration response measurement data, and temperature response measurement data of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and obtain the mechanical strength defect evaluation index, electrical performance defect evaluation index, vibration response defect evaluation index, and temperature response defect evaluation index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested; the judgment and analysis module is used to perform judgment and analysis on the mechanical strength defect evaluation index, electrical performance defect evaluation index, vibration response defect evaluation index, and temperature response defect evaluation index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested and a preset defect evaluation interval, and perform defect marking processing based on the judgment and analysis results.

[0073] In summary, this application has at least the following effects:

[0074] Through the comprehensive analysis of the measurement data of mechanical strength, electrical performance, vibration response and temperature response, the health status of porcelain insulators can be evaluated more accurately. Compared with the traditional single detection method, this multi-dimensional evaluation can identify more types of defects, including minor physical damage, abnormal electrical performance and potential faults caused by temperature changes. Through the comparative analysis of multiple indicators, the possibility of misjudgment and missed judgment is reduced, making the detection process more refined, which helps to ensure the long-term stable operation of porcelain insulators in complex environments.

[0075] By automatically comparing the preset defect assessment interval with the measurement data, the porcelain insulator can be marked for defects in real time, thereby realizing intelligent fault identification. Compared with traditional manual inspection methods, this automated process can greatly improve inspection efficiency, reduce human intervention and misjudgment, and promptly discover and locate potential fault points, thus avoiding equipment damage or safety hazards caused by failure to discover the fault in time. Especially in high-load or remote monitoring environments, it can respond quickly and provide real-time basis for subsequent maintenance or adjustments.

[0076] Through the regular collection and analysis of various measurement data, not only can current defects be identified, but also possible future failures can be predicted by monitoring trends. For example, through long-term tracking of vibration response, temperature changes, etc., it is possible to reveal potential problems such as aging trends and stress accumulation of porcelain insulator materials, thereby providing early warning and arranging corresponding maintenance plans. Compared with the traditional method of repairing after a failure occurs, this preventive maintenance based on data analysis can effectively reduce equipment downtime and extend the service life of porcelain insulators.

[0077] Through the collaborative work of the data acquisition and processing module, the defect assessment module and the judgment and analysis module, a high degree of automation and intelligence is achieved. The data acquisition and processing module reduces human intervention and ensures the accuracy and consistency of data acquisition by automatically collecting and preprocessing multi-dimensional data such as mechanical strength, electrical performance, vibration response and temperature response. The defect assessment module conducts a comprehensive analysis of the defects of porcelain insulators based on a variety of measurement data, and outputs various evaluation indexes, avoiding the deviation of human subjective judgment. The judgment and analysis module performs automatic judgment and marking according to the preset defect assessment interval, which greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of the detection process and reduces the tediousness and errors of manual detection. It is particularly suitable for use in large-scale porcelain insulator detection tasks. On the whole, the automation and intelligence level of the system significantly improves the detection efficiency, reduces labor costs, and can timely feedback defect information to provide a basis for decision-making.

[0078] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0079] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for detecting defects in porcelain insulators, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtaining mechanical strength measurement data, electrical performance measurement data, vibration response measurement data, and temperature response measurement data of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and performing preprocessing; Comprehensively analyze the mechanical strength measurement data, electrical performance measurement data, vibration response measurement data, and temperature response measurement data of each measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested after preprocessing, and obtain the mechanical strength defect assessment index, electrical performance defect assessment index, vibration response defect assessment index, and temperature response defect assessment index of each measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested; The mechanical strength defect assessment index, electrical performance defect assessment index, vibration response defect assessment index, and temperature response defect assessment index of each measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested are judged and analyzed with the preset defect assessment intervals, and defect marking processing is performed based on the judgment and analysis results.

2. The method for detecting defects in porcelain insulators according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical strength measurement data include compressive strength measurement values ​​under several pressure loads, bending strength measurement values ​​under several bending loads, and tensile strength measurement values ​​under several tensile loads; the electrical performance measurement data include resistance measurement values, dielectric strength measurement values, and leakage current measurement values ​​under several voltage loads; the vibration response measurement data include resonant frequency measurement values ​​and damping ratio measurement values ​​under several voltage loads; and the temperature response measurement data include thermal conductivity measurement values ​​and thermal expansion coefficient measurement values ​​under several temperature loads.

3. The porcelain insulator defect detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps for obtaining the mechanical strength defect evaluation index of each measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested are as follows: Respectively obtain a compressive strength reference measurement value under each pressure load, a bending strength reference measurement value under each bending load, and a tensile strength reference measurement value under each tensile load at each measuring position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested; The compressive strength measurement value under each pressure load, the compressive strength reference measurement value, the bending strength measurement value under each bending load, the bending strength reference measurement value, the tensile strength measurement value under each tensile load, and the tensile strength reference measurement value of each measuring position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the mechanical strength defect evaluation index of each measuring position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested.

4. The porcelain insulator defect detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific formula for calculating the mechanical strength defect evaluation index of each measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested is as follows: Among them, JxQ t KyQ is the mechanical strength defect evaluation index of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested. ti KyC is the measured compressive strength value of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator under the ith pressure load, ti is the compressive strength reference measurement value of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the ith pressure load, ω t1 is the compressive strength evaluation coefficient of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, KwQ tu KwC is the measured value of the bending strength of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator under the uth bending load, tu is the reference measured value of the bending strength of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the uth bending load, ω t2 is the bending strength evaluation coefficient of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, LsQ tr LsC is the tensile strength measurement value of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator under the rth tensile load. tr is the tensile strength reference measurement value of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the rth tensile load, ω t3 is the tensile strength evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, ω t1 +ω t2 +ω t3 =1, t=1, 2, 3, …, t0, t0 is the number of measuring positions, i=1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is the number of pressure loads, u=1, 2, 3, …, u0, u0 is the number of bending loads, r=1, 2, 3, …, r0, r0 is the number of tensile loads.

5. The method for detecting defects in porcelain insulators according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps for obtaining the electrical performance defect evaluation index of each measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested are as follows: Respectively obtain the resistance reference measurement range, dielectric strength reference measurement range, and leakage current reference measurement range of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load, wherein the resistance reference measurement range includes a maximum resistance reference measurement value and a minimum resistance reference measurement value, the dielectric strength reference measurement range includes a maximum dielectric strength reference measurement value and a minimum dielectric strength reference measurement value, and the leakage current reference measurement range includes a maximum leakage current reference measurement value and a minimum leakage current reference measurement value; Take the reference measurement median of the resistance reference measurement range, dielectric strength reference measurement range, and leakage current reference measurement range of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load respectively as the resistance reference measurement value, dielectric strength reference measurement value, and leakage current reference measurement value of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load; The resistance measurement value, resistance reference measurement range, resistance reference measurement value, dielectric strength measurement value, dielectric strength reference measurement range, dielectric strength reference measurement value, leakage current measurement value, leakage current reference measurement range, leakage current reference measurement value of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load are comprehensively analyzed to obtain an electrical performance defect evaluation index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested.

6. The method for detecting defects in porcelain insulators according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific formula for calculating the electrical performance defect evaluation index at each measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested is as follows: Among them, DX t is the electrical performance defect evaluation index of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, e is a natural constant, DZ tp is the resistance measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, DC tp is the resistance reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the maximum resistance reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the minimum resistance reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, δ t1 JD is the resistance evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested. tp JC is the dielectric strength measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator under the pth voltage load, tp is the reference measured value of the dielectric strength of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the reference measurement value of the maximum dielectric strength of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the minimum dielectric strength reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, δ t2 is the dielectric strength evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, LD tp is the leakage current measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator under the pth voltage load, LC tp is the reference measurement value of the leakage current at the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the maximum leakage current reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the minimum leakage current reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, α is the leakage current coefficient stored in the database, δ t3 is the leakage current evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, δ t1 +δ t2 +δ t3 =1, t=1, 2, 3, …, t0, t0 is the number of measurement positions, p=1, 2, 3, …, p0, p0 is the number of voltage loads.

7. The method for detecting defects in porcelain insulators according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps for obtaining the vibration response defect evaluation index of each measuring position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested are as follows: Respectively obtain a resonant frequency reference measurement range and a damping ratio reference measurement range at each measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load, wherein the resonant frequency reference measurement range includes a maximum resonant frequency reference measurement value and a minimum resonant frequency reference measurement value, and the damping ratio reference measurement range includes a maximum damping ratio reference measurement value and a minimum damping ratio reference measurement value; Taking the reference measurement median of the resonance frequency reference measurement range and the damping ratio reference measurement range of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load as the resonance frequency reference measurement value and the damping ratio reference measurement value of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load; The resonance frequency measurement value, resonance frequency reference measurement range, resonance frequency reference measurement value, damping ratio measurement value, damping ratio reference measurement range, and damping ratio reference measurement value of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the vibration response defect evaluation index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested.

8. The method for detecting defects in porcelain insulators according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific formula for calculating the vibration response defect evaluation index of each measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested is as follows: Among them, ZX t is the vibration response defect evaluation index of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, GZ tp is the measured value of the resonant frequency at the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, GC tp is the reference measured value of the resonant frequency at the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the reference measured value of the maximum resonant frequency at the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the minimum resonant frequency reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, ξ t1 is the resonance frequency evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, ZN tp is the measured value of the damping ratio at the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, ZC tp is the reference measured value of the damping ratio of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the maximum damping ratio reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, is the minimum damping ratio reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the pth voltage load, ψ is the damping ratio coefficient stored in the database, ξ t2 is the damping ratio evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, ξ t1 +ξ t2 =1, e is a natural constant, t=1, 2, 3, …, t0, t0 is the number of measurement positions, p=1, 2, 3, …, p0, p0 is the number of voltage loads.

9. The method for detecting defects in porcelain insulators according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps for obtaining the temperature response defect evaluation index of each measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested are as follows: Respectively obtain a thermal conductivity reference measurement range and a thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement range at each measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be measured under each temperature load, wherein the thermal conductivity reference measurement range includes a maximum thermal conductivity reference measurement value and a minimum thermal conductivity reference measurement value, and the thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement range includes a maximum thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement value and a minimum thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement value; Take the reference measurement median of the thermal conductivity reference measurement range and the thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement range of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested at each temperature load as the thermal conductivity reference measurement value and the thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement value of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested at each temperature load; Comprehensively analyzing the thermal conductivity measurement value, thermal conductivity reference measurement range, thermal conductivity reference measurement value, thermal expansion coefficient measurement value, thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement range, and thermal expansion coefficient reference measurement value of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested under each voltage load, and obtaining the temperature response defect evaluation index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested; The specific formula for calculating the temperature response defect evaluation index of each measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested is as follows: Among them, WX t is the temperature response defect evaluation index of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, RD tv is the measured value of thermal conductivity of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, RC tv is the thermal conductivity reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, is the maximum thermal conductivity reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, is the minimum thermal conductivity reference measurement value of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, ε t1 PX is the thermal conductivity evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement point of the porcelain insulator to be tested. tv PC is the measured value of the thermal expansion coefficient of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, tv is the reference measured value of the thermal expansion coefficient of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, is the reference measured value of the maximum thermal expansion coefficient of the tth measuring position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, is the minimum reference measurement value of the thermal expansion coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested under the vth temperature load, θ is the thermal expansion factor stored in the database, ε t2 is the thermal expansion evaluation coefficient of the tth measurement position of the porcelain insulator to be tested, ε t1 +ε t2 , t=1, 2, 3, …, t0, t0 is the number of measurement positions, v=1, 2, 3, …, v0, v0 is the number of temperature loads.

10. A porcelain insulator defect detection system, using the porcelain insulator defect detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Data acquisition and processing module, defect assessment module, and judgment and analysis module; The data acquisition processing module is used to acquire mechanical strength measurement data, electrical performance measurement data, vibration response measurement data, and temperature response measurement data of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and perform preprocessing; The defect assessment module is used to comprehensively analyze the pre-processed mechanical strength measurement data, electrical performance measurement data, vibration response measurement data, and temperature response measurement data of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested, and obtain the mechanical strength defect assessment index, electrical performance defect assessment index, vibration response defect assessment index, and temperature response defect assessment index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested; The judgment and analysis module is used to judge and analyze the mechanical strength defect assessment index, electrical performance defect assessment index, vibration response defect assessment index, and temperature response defect assessment index of each measurement position point of the porcelain insulator to be tested with the preset defect assessment interval, and perform defect marking processing based on the judgment and analysis results.

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