Failure prediction device and method for steel spring floating slab

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of rail transit, solves the technical problem of predicting the failure of a steel spring floating slab, and relates to a failure prediction device for a steel spring floating slab, which comprises a signal detector comprising an ultrasonic transducer and an acoustic transmission wedge block adhered to the transmitting surface of the ultrasonic transducer, the acoustic transmission wedge block is arranged on the upper end surface of a spring, and the signal detector is used for detecting the failure of the steel spring floating slab; the acoustic transmission wedge block is used for converting elastic waves generated by the ultrasonic transducer into guided waves capable of being propagated in the spring, and the ultrasonic transducer is connected with an RFID electronic tag; the signal terminal equipment comprises a reader-writer coil and a signal processing circuit board, the reader-writer coil is coupled with the electronic tag coil and used for transmitting the ultrasonic excitation signals and the ultrasonic echo signals, the reader-writer coil is connected with the signal processing circuit board, and the signal processing circuit board can amplify and filter the received signals. The invention further provides a novel failure prediction method for the steel spring floating slab.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of rail transportation, and relates to a failure prediction device and method for a steel spring floating plate. Background Art

[0002] The damage of vibration and noise in urban rail transit to the environment and the impact on residents' lives have become the focus of people's attention on subway construction, and are also the key factor in whether urban rail transit construction can be sustainable. Urban rail transit is divided into three categories: elevated lines, ground lines and underground lines. Regardless of the form, the vibration and noise generated by train operation are inseparable from the uneven excitation of the wheel-rail surface. Usually, according to the vibration source and propagation mode, two methods can be adopted: vibration source control and propagation path control.

[0003] The vibration energy of train operation must be transmitted to the lower structure through the roadbed. Roadbed vibration reduction is to separate the whole roadbed from the basic structure, support the whole roadbed through elastic elements such as rubber or spiral steel springs, and form rubber floating plate roadbed and steel spring floating plate roadbed respectively. The floating plate can provide enough inertial mass to offset the dynamic load generated by the vehicle, and only the static load and a small amount of residual dynamic load will be transmitted to the basic structure through elastic elements such as rubber or spiral steel springs.

[0004] The steel spring floating slab track bed uses a spiral spring to support the floating slab track bed. The steel spring floating slab track bed has a history of more than 90 years. Due to its high cost, it is mainly used in hospitals, research institutes, museums, concert halls and other places with special requirements for vibration reduction and noise reduction. Compared with other vibration reduction tracks, it has the following advantages: (1) Good vibration isolation effect, which can reduce vibration by 25~40dB; (2) Service life of more than 30 years; (3) It has three-dimensional elasticity, small horizontal displacement, and no additional limit device is required; (4) It is very convenient to check or replace without disassembling the rails, which will not affect the operation of subway trains; (5) The height change caused by foundation settlement can be achieved by increasing or decreasing the thickness of the leveling steel plate.

[0005] The main failure modes of steel spring floating plates include rapid brittle fracture, stress corrosion fracture, plastic deformation and fatigue fracture. These failure modes are mainly caused by material defects, processing defects, heat treatment defects and external environmental factors. The specific manifestations are: 1. Rapid brittle fracture: Some springs have material defects or processing defects (such as folds and scratches), which will cause sudden brittle fracture when subjected to excessive impact loads; 2. Stress corrosion cracking: Springs used in corrosive media are prone to stress corrosion cracking failure; 3. Plastic deformation: The stress caused by the external load is greater than the yield strength of the material, causing the spring to be unable to return to its original size and shape; 4. Fatigue fracture: Under the action of alternating stress, defects and cracks on the surface of the spring will expand and lead to fracture failure.

[0006] The reality is that spring breakage in the spring floating plate often occurs, and the breakage of one spring in the same floating plate will accelerate the breakage and failure process of other springs. As the number of spring failures increases, it will bring a series of serious consequences such as track deformation and displacement, destroying the integrity of the track structure and threatening the safety of train operation.

[0007] Generally, the springs in the steel spring floating plate are buried inside the floating plate and cannot be seen by the naked eye. The failure of the spring can only be predicted through dynamic detection, such as through sensors installed on the train or track, and the dynamic response data of the track monitored in real time to predict the failure of the spring in the spring floating plate. Moreover, it is impossible to accurately locate which springs in the entire floating plate have broken. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method capable of predicting the failure of a steel spring floating plate, so as to eliminate the train driving safety problem caused by the failure of the spring floating plate.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The present invention provides a steel spring floating plate failure prediction device, comprising: A signal detector, the signal detector includes an ultrasonic transducer and a sound-transmitting wedge adhered to the emitting surface of the ultrasonic transducer, the sound-transmitting wedge is placed on the upper end surface of the spring, the sound-transmitting wedge is used to convert the elastic wave generated by the ultrasonic transducer into a guided wave (surface acoustic wave) that can propagate in the spring, an RFID electronic tag is connected to the ultrasonic transducer, the RFID electronic tag includes a flexible circuit board and a flexible circuit board embedded in the flexible circuit board, the flexible circuit board is used to power the ultrasonic transducer, and the RFID electronic tag is also provided with an electronic tag coil; A signal terminal device, which serves as an RFID reader / writer, includes a reader / writer coil and a signal processing circuit board. The reader / writer coil is coupled with the electronic tag coil for mutual transmission of ultrasonic excitation signals and ultrasonic echo signals. The reader / writer coil is connected to the signal processing circuit board, and the signal processing circuit board can amplify and filter the received signal.

[0010] Preferably, the flexible circuit board and the inclined surface of the sound-transmitting wedge are fixed together by a filler made of ferrite material.

[0011] Preferably, the sound-transmitting wedge is made of organic glass, the spring is made of steel, and the sound-transmitting wedge is configured so that the angle between the emitting surface of the ultrasonic transducer and the top plane of the spring is 62°.

[0012] Preferably, the electronic tag coil is arranged around the ultrasonic transducer and the RFID chip, and has multiple turns.

[0013] Preferably, the signal terminal device also includes a user interaction module and a power module, the user interaction module includes a display unit and an input unit connected to the signal processing circuit board, the display unit includes a display screen for displaying the detection results, the display screen can display a pulse waveform or failure warning information, the input unit includes a button for inputting instructions, the button is a virtual button or a physical button, and the power module includes a reusable rechargeable battery and an external power interface.

[0014] Preferably, the material of the ultrasonic transducer is a material having piezoelectric effect including piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric single crystals and piezoelectric polymers.

[0015] Preferably, the operating frequency range of the ultrasonic transducer is 0.5-5 MHz.

[0016] Preferably, the material of the sound-transparent wedge is organic glass or polystyrene.

[0017] A method for predicting failure of a steel spring floating plate is also provided, comprising: S1. Arrange an ultrasonic transducer connected to an RFID electronic tag by an electronic tag coil on the upper end surface of the spring. The RFID electronic tag includes a flexible circuit board, an RFID chip embedded in the flexible circuit board, and an electronic tag coil. The ultrasonic transducer is used to send ultrasonic waves to the spring after being excited and convert them into guided waves propagating in the spring through a sound-transmitting wedge. S2, using the reader coil to couple with the electronic tag coil externally to transmit signals and energy; S3. The signal processing circuit generates an ultrasonic excitation signal and performs filtering and amplification processing, and then transmits it wirelessly to the ultrasonic transducer of the electronic tag coil through the reader coil. At the same time, the ultrasonic transducer echo signal transmitted in the reverse direction is received, filtered, amplified, triggered and shaped, and then displayed on the screen. When the screen displays a reflected signal other than the bottom wave, it indicates that there is a defect in the spring and failure is predicted.

[0018] Preferably, the ultrasonic transducer is configured to emit ultrasonic waves obliquely downward toward the upper end surface of the spring.

[0019] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The steel spring floating plate failure prediction device and method of the present invention has a signal detector pre-installed in the steel spring floating plate. When detection is needed, a handheld signal terminal device is held and started, and is placed close to the steel spring floating plate to be tested, so that the electronic tag coil on the spring in the floating plate and the reader coil are coupled to transmit signals. The ultrasonic excitation signal generated by the signal processing circuit is filtered and amplified, and wirelessly transmitted to the signal detector through the reader coil. At the same time, the reversely transmitted ultrasonic echo signal is filtered, amplified and triggered to be shaped, and whether the spring has defects is judged based on this. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Hereinafter, some specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in an exemplary and non-limiting manner with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the accompanying drawings indicate the same or similar components or parts. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of the failure prediction device of the steel spring floating plate of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the failure prediction device of the steel spring floating plate of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the signal detector; Figure 4 is a top view of the signal detector; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the signal terminal equipment; The reference numerals are described as follows: 1. Signal detector; 11. Ultrasonic transducer; 12. Sound-transmitting wedge; 13. RFID chip; 14. Flexible circuit board; 15. Electronic tag coil; 16. Filler; 2. Signal terminal device; 21. Reader / writer coil; 22. Signal processing circuit board; 23. User interaction module; 231. Display unit; 232. Input unit; 24. Power module; 3. Spring; 4. Steel spring floating plate; 5. Outer sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 2 , the steel spring floating plate failure prediction device shown comprises a signal detector 1 and a signal terminal device 2. The signal detector 1 is arranged in the steel spring floating plate 4, and during detection, the signal terminal device 2 is held for detection.

[0023] like Figure 3 The signal detector 1 includes an ultrasonic transducer 11 and a sound-transmitting wedge 12. The sound-transmitting wedge 12 is mounted on the top surface of the spring 3. The emitting surface of the ultrasonic transducer 11 is attached to the side surface of the sound-transmitting wedge 12. The arrangement of the sound-transmitting wedge 12 enables the ultrasonic transducer 11 to emit ultrasonic waves obliquely downward toward the upper end surface of the spring 3.

[0024] The ultrasonic transducer 11 is connected to the RFID electronic tag. The RFID electronic tag includes a flexible circuit board 14, an RFID chip 13 and an electronic tag coil 15.

[0025] The material of the sound-transmitting wedge 12 can be organic glass, polystyrene or the like, which is convenient for ultrasonic waves to pass through.

[0026] The inclination angle of the sound-transmitting wedge 12 is related to the sound velocity of the material used for the sound-transmitting wedge 12 and the sound velocity of the material of the spring 3. If the sound-transmitting wedge 12 is made of organic glass (sound velocity 2640m / s) and the spring 3 is made of steel (sound velocity 3000m / s), the inclination angle of the sound-transmitting wedge 12 is set to 62°, which can ensure that the longitudinal wave L passing through the sound-transmitting wedge 12 will form a surface acoustic wave R (Rayleigh wave) propagating along the surface of the spring 3. The electronic tag coil 15 collects the energy emitted by the signal terminal device 2, temporarily stores it in the RFID chip 13, and supplies power to the ultrasonic transducer 11.

[0027] like Figure 4 The flexible circuit board 14 is covered with electronic tag coils 15 for wireless communication. The electronic tag coils 15 are arranged around the ultrasonic transducer 11 and the RFID chip 13 to make the structure compact. The electronic tag coils 15 are connected to the electrodes of the ultrasonic transducer 11 to transmit the signal and energy of the ultrasonic transducer 11. The flexible circuit board 14 is fixed on the sound-transmitting wedge 12 by a filler 16 that wraps the ultrasonic transducer 11.

[0028] The material of the ultrasonic transducer 11 can be a material having a piezoelectric effect, such as piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric single crystals or piezoelectric polymers, etc. The operating frequency range is 0.5-5 MHz.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, the signal detector 1 is installed in the steel spring floating plate 4. The spring 3 is arranged in the outer sleeve 5 to support the steel spring floating plate 4. The signal detector 1 is installed on the top steel wire of the spring 3, and only occupies a small part of the top steel wire, which will not significantly affect the support of the spring 3 to the steel spring floating plate 4.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 The signal terminal device 2 includes a reader / writer coil 21 , a signal processing circuit board 22 , a user interaction module 23 and a power supply module 24 .

[0031] The reader coil 21 is used to transmit signals. The reader coil 21 is coupled with the electronic tag coil 15 for transmitting ultrasonic excitation signals and ultrasonic echo signals. The reader coil 21 is connected to the signal processing circuit board 22. The signal processing circuit board 22 is used to complete the generation and amplification of ultrasonic excitation signals and the filtering, amplification and trigger shaping of ultrasonic echo signals. The user interaction module 23 includes a display unit 231 and an input unit 232. After the signal processing circuit board 22 performs operations such as amplification and filtering on the received signal, it outputs the signal to the user interaction module 23 and presents the detection result on the display unit 231 such as a display screen. The display unit 231 can display a pulse waveform or a failure warning message. According to the pulse waveform, it can be judged whether the spring 3 has a crack.

[0032] The power module 24 is used to supply power to the entire collection device. The power module 24 includes a reusable rechargeable battery and an external power interface, which can be connected to an external power source in an emergency.

[0033] The input unit 232 is a key for inputting instructions, wherein the key can be a virtual key or a physical key.

[0034] During detection, if Figure 2 As shown, the inspector holds the signal terminal device 2, turns on the signal terminal device 2, and places it close to the steel spring floating plate to be tested, so that the electronic tag coil 15 on the spring 3 in the floating plate and the reader coil 21 in the signal terminal device 2 transmit energy and signals through coupling. The ultrasonic excitation signal generated by the signal processing circuit board 22 is filtered and amplified, and wirelessly transmitted to the signal detector 1 through the reader coil 21. At the same time, the received reversely transmitted ultrasonic echo signal is filtered, amplified, and triggered to be shaped, and the test results are displayed on the display unit 231. When a reflected signal other than the bottom wave is displayed on the display unit 231, it indicates a defect and predicts failure. According to the test results, the inspector takes corresponding measures to eliminate the train driving safety problems caused by the failure of the steel spring floating plate.

[0035] This example provides a failure prediction method for a steel spring floating plate, including: S1. An ultrasonic transducer connected to an RFID electronic tag is arranged on the upper end surface of the spring. The RFID electronic tag includes a flexible circuit board, an RFID chip embedded in the flexible circuit board, and an electronic tag coil. The ultrasonic transducer is used to send ultrasonic waves to the spring after being excited and convert them into guided waves propagating in the spring through a sound-transmitting wedge. S2, using the reader coil to couple with the electronic tag coil externally to transmit signals and energy; S3. The signal processing circuit generates an ultrasonic excitation signal and performs filtering and amplification processing, and then transmits it wirelessly to the ultrasonic transducer of the electronic tag coil through the reader coil. At the same time, the ultrasonic transducer echo signal transmitted in the reverse direction is received, filtered, amplified, triggered and shaped, and then displayed on the screen. When the screen displays a reflected signal other than the bottom wave, it indicates that there is a defect in the spring and failure is predicted.

[0036] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the contents of the present invention and implement them accordingly. They cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steel spring floating plate failure prediction device, characterized in that: include: A signal detector (1), the signal detector (1) comprising an ultrasonic transducer (11) and a sound-transmitting wedge (12) adhered to the emitting surface of the ultrasonic transducer (11), the sound-transmitting wedge (12) being arranged on the upper end surface of a spring, the sound-transmitting wedge (12) being used to convert elastic waves generated by the ultrasonic transducer (11) into guided waves capable of propagating in the spring, an RFID electronic tag being connected to the ultrasonic transducer (11), the RFID electronic tag comprising a flexible circuit board (14) and an RFID chip (13) embedded in the flexible circuit board (14), the flexible circuit board (14) being used to supply power to the ultrasonic transducer (11), and an electronic tag coil (15) being further arranged on the RFID electronic tag; A signal terminal device (2), the signal terminal device (2) serving as an RFID reader / writer, comprising a reader / writer coil (21) and a signal processing circuit board (22), the reader / writer coil (21) being used to couple with the electronic tag coil (15) for mutual transmission of ultrasonic excitation signals and ultrasonic echo signals, the reader / writer coil (21) being connected to the signal processing circuit board (22), and the signal processing circuit board (22) being capable of amplifying and filtering received signals.

2. The steel spring floating plate failure prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible circuit board (14) and the inclined surface of the sound-transmitting wedge (12) are fixed together via a filler (16) made of ferrite material.

3. The steel spring floating plate failure prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sound-transmitting wedge (12) is made of organic glass, the spring is made of steel, and the sound-transmitting wedge (12) is configured so that the angle between the emission surface of the ultrasonic transducer (11) and the top plane of the spring is 62°.

4. The steel spring floating plate failure prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic tag coil (15) is arranged around the ultrasonic transducer (11) and the RFID chip (13), and is provided with a plurality of turns.

5. The steel spring floating plate failure prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal terminal device (2) further comprises a user interaction module (23) and a power module (24); the user interaction module (23) comprises a display unit (231) and an input unit (232) connected to the signal processing circuit board (22); the display unit (231) comprises a display screen for displaying a detection result, the display screen being capable of displaying a pulse waveform or failure warning information; the input unit (232) comprises a key for inputting a command, the key being a virtual key or a physical key; and the power module (24) comprises a reusable rechargeable battery and an external power interface.

6. The steel spring floating plate failure prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the ultrasonic transducer (11) is a material having a piezoelectric effect, including piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric single crystals and piezoelectric polymers.

7. The steel spring floating plate failure prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating frequency range of the ultrasonic transducer (11) is 0.5-5 MHz.

8. The steel spring floating plate failure prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the sound-transmitting wedge (12) is organic glass or polystyrene.

9. A method for predicting failure of a steel spring floating plate, characterized in that: include: S1. Arrange an ultrasonic transducer connected to an RFID electronic tag with an electronic tag coil on the upper end surface of the spring. The RFID electronic tag includes a flexible circuit board, an RFID chip embedded in the flexible circuit board, and an electronic tag coil. The ultrasonic transducer is used to send ultrasonic waves to the spring after being excited and convert them into guided waves propagating in the spring through a sound-transmitting wedge. S2, using the reader coil to couple with the electronic tag coil externally to transmit signals and energy; S3. The signal processing circuit generates an ultrasonic excitation signal and performs filtering and amplification processing, and then transmits it wirelessly to the ultrasonic transducer of the electronic tag coil through the reader coil. At the same time, the ultrasonic transducer echo signal transmitted in the reverse direction is received, filtered, amplified, triggered and shaped, and then displayed on the screen. When the screen displays a reflected signal other than the bottom wave, it indicates that there is a defect in the spring and failure is predicted.

10. The method for predicting failure of a steel spring floating plate according to claim 9, characterized in that: The ultrasonic transducer is configured to emit ultrasonic waves obliquely downward toward the upper end surface of the spring.

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