Rock characteristic detection and waveform prediction method and system based on ultrasonic transmission method

Abstract

The invention provides a rock characteristic detection and waveform prediction method and system based on an ultrasonic transmission method. The method comprises the following steps: controlling a signal excitation unit to excite an ultrasonic transmitting device to transmit a first ultrasonic signal based on a set transmitting parameter so as to test a first propagation distance; receiving a first ultrasonic signal penetrating through the to-be-tested rock sample through an ultrasonic receiving device, wherein the ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving device are positioned on two sides of the to-be-tested rock sample; a first ultrasonic signal received by the ultrasonic receiving device is collected, and the collected first ultrasonic signal is preprocessed; determining characteristic information of the to-be-measured rock sample under the first propagation distance according to the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal; and based on the characteristic information and a preset waveform prediction model, predicting the ultrasonic waveform of the to-be-measured rock sample under the second propagation distance. The method can accurately detect the rock characteristics and predict the ultrasonic waveform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of rock property detection, and in particular to a rock property detection and waveform prediction method and system based on ultrasonic transmission method. Background Art

[0002] In exploration seismology, accurate measurement of elastic parameters of underground media (such as rock properties) is crucial for resource exploration (such as exploration of aquifers, solid and petroleum deposits). However, there is currently a lack of effective means to accurately detect rock properties and predict ultrasonic waveforms. Summary of the invention

[0003] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a rock property detection and waveform prediction method and system based on ultrasonic transmission method.

[0004] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a rock property detection and waveform prediction method based on ultrasonic transmission method is provided, comprising: The control signal excitation unit excites the ultrasonic wave transmitting device to transmit a first ultrasonic wave signal based on the set transmission parameters to perform a test of a first propagation distance; Receiving a first ultrasonic signal transmitted through the rock sample to be tested by an ultrasonic receiving device, wherein the ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving device are located on both sides of the rock sample to be tested; Collecting the first ultrasonic signal received by the ultrasonic receiving device, and preprocessing the collected first ultrasonic signal; Determine characteristic information of the rock sample to be tested at the first propagation distance according to the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal, wherein the characteristic information includes at least one of a propagation velocity, an attenuation coefficient, and a velocity dispersion of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested; Based on the characteristic information and a preset waveform prediction model, the ultrasonic waveform of the rock sample to be tested at a second propagation distance is predicted.

[0005] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a rock property detection and waveform prediction system based on ultrasonic transmission method is provided, comprising: An ultrasonic transmitting device, used for transmitting a first ultrasonic signal based on set transmitting parameters to test a first propagation distance; An ultrasonic receiving device, used for receiving a first ultrasonic signal transmitted through the rock sample to be tested, wherein the ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving device are located on both sides of the rock sample to be tested; a data acquisition and processing unit, configured to acquire the first ultrasonic signal received by the ultrasonic receiving device, preprocess the acquired first ultrasonic signal, and determine characteristic information of the rock sample to be tested at the first propagation distance according to the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal, wherein the characteristic information includes at least one of a propagation velocity, an attenuation coefficient, and a velocity dispersion of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested; The waveform prediction unit is used to predict the ultrasonic waveform of the rock sample to be tested at a second propagation distance based on the characteristic information and a preset waveform prediction model.

[0006] According to the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the characteristic information of rocks can be measured more accurately, and the measurement error can be reduced, thereby improving the detection accuracy. The present invention can also make more accurate predictions of ultrasonic waveforms of different types of rocks (especially sandstone, etc.) at different propagation distances, providing a strong basis for in-depth understanding of the internal structure and characteristics of rocks. Optionally, the solution involved in the present invention can be applied to multiple fields such as geological exploration, mining, and petroleum engineering, which helps to improve resource exploration efficiency, evaluate rock stability, etc., and has important economic and engineering value.

[0007] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description or learned through practice of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 A block diagram of a rock property detection and waveform prediction system based on ultrasonic transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of a rock property detection and waveform prediction method based on ultrasonic transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an experimental system provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present disclosure, and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

[0010] The following is a description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments of the present disclosure to facilitate understanding, which should be considered as merely exemplary. Therefore, it should be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Similarly, for the sake of clarity and conciseness, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0011] The terms used in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0012] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, "multiple" refers to two or more. In some embodiments, "at least one of A and B", "A and / or B", "A in one case, B in another case", "in response to one case A, in response to another case B", etc., may include the following technical solutions according to the situation: in some embodiments A (execute A independently of B); in some embodiments B (execute B independently of A); in some embodiments A and B are selected for execution (A and B are selectively executed); in some embodiments A and B (both A and B are executed). When there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc., it is similar to the above.

[0013] The rock property detection and waveform prediction method and system based on ultrasonic transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0014] It should be noted that the execution subject of the rock property detection and waveform prediction method based on ultrasonic transmission method in the embodiment of the present disclosure may be a rock property detection and waveform prediction system based on ultrasonic transmission method, which may be implemented by software and / or hardware, and which may be configured in an electronic device. Exemplarily, the electronic device may include but is not limited to a terminal, a server, etc.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a rock property detection and waveform prediction system based on ultrasonic transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the rock property detection and waveform prediction system based on ultrasonic transmission method may include: an ultrasonic transmitting device 101, an ultrasonic receiving device 102, a data acquisition and processing unit 103 and a waveform prediction unit 104.

[0016] The ultrasonic transmitting device 101 is used to transmit a first ultrasonic signal based on set transmission parameters to test a first propagation distance. Exemplarily, the ultrasonic transmitting device 101 may use a piston-shaped transducer, and the ultrasonic transmitting device 101 is excited by a signal excitation unit to transmit a first ultrasonic signal, which can generate a stable and frequency-controllable ultrasonic signal, and its center frequency and radius can be selected according to experimental requirements, for example, the center frequency can be 1MHz and the radius can be 12.5mm.

[0017] The ultrasonic receiving device 102 is used to receive the first ultrasonic signal that passes through the rock sample to be tested. The ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving device are located on both sides of the rock sample to be tested. Exemplarily, the ultrasonic receiving device 102 can use a piston-shaped transducer, which matches the ultrasonic transmitting device 101 and is used to receive the ultrasonic signal that passes through the rock sample to be tested. Exemplarily, the rock sample to be tested can be sandstone, but is not limited thereto. For example, it can also be other types of rocks. The rock sample to be tested can be pre-processed by cutting, cleaning and drying to ensure the consistency of experimental conditions. The ultrasonic transmitting device 101 and the ultrasonic receiving device 102 are placed on both sides of the rock sample to be tested, respectively, and the positions and parameters of the devices are adjusted to ensure that the signal can be effectively transmitted. Start the ultrasonic transmitting device 101 to transmit ultrasonic signals of different frequencies, and receive the first ultrasonic signal that passes through the rock sample to be tested through the ultrasonic receiving device 102.

[0018] The data acquisition and processing unit 103 is used to acquire the first ultrasonic signal received by the ultrasonic receiving device, pre-process the acquired first ultrasonic signal, and determine the characteristic information of the rock sample to be tested at the first propagation distance according to the pre-processed first ultrasonic signal. The characteristic information may include but is not limited to at least one of the propagation velocity, attenuation coefficient, and velocity dispersion of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested. The optional implementation method of determining the characteristic information of the rock sample to be tested at the first propagation distance can refer to the description of the following embodiment of the rock characteristic detection and waveform prediction method based on the ultrasonic transmission method, which will not be repeated here.

[0019] Exemplarily, the data acquisition and processing unit 103 can pre-process the collected first ultrasonic signal, such as removing background noise, performing necessary signal conversion, signal enhancement and other operations, and determine the characteristic information of the rock sample to be tested at the first propagation distance based on the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal, such as the propagation speed, attenuation coefficient, velocity dispersion, etc. of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested.

[0020] The waveform prediction unit 104 is used to predict the ultrasonic waveform of the rock sample to be tested at the second propagation distance based on the characteristic information and the preset waveform prediction model. Exemplarily, the waveform prediction unit 104 can predict the ultrasonic waveform of the rock sample to be tested at the second propagation distance based on the propagation velocity, attenuation coefficient, and velocity dispersion of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested, combined with a specific waveform prediction model, taking into account friction and scattering attenuation and the Kramers-Kronig relation (also called the Kramers-Kronig relation). Among them, the optional implementation method of the waveform prediction unit 104 predicting the ultrasonic waveform of the rock sample to be tested at the second propagation distance can be referred to the description of the following rock characteristic detection and waveform prediction method embodiment based on the ultrasonic transmission method, which will not be repeated here.

[0021] Figure 2 The figure is a flow chart of the rock characteristic detection and waveform prediction method based on ultrasonic transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the rock characteristic detection and waveform prediction method based on ultrasonic transmission method can be based on the above-mentioned Figure 1 The rock characteristic detection and waveform prediction system shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the rock property detection and waveform prediction method may include but is not limited to the following steps.

[0022] In step 201, a control signal excitation unit excites an ultrasonic wave transmitting device to transmit a first ultrasonic wave signal based on set transmission parameters to perform a first propagation distance test.

[0023] In step 202, a first ultrasonic signal transmitted through the rock sample to be tested is received by an ultrasonic receiving device, wherein the ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving device are respectively located on two sides of the rock sample to be tested.

[0024] In step 203, the first ultrasonic signal received by the ultrasonic receiving device is collected, and the collected first ultrasonic signal is preprocessed, wherein the preprocessing may, for example, remove background noise, perform necessary signal conversion, signal enhancement, and other operations.

[0025] In step 204, characteristic information of the rock sample to be tested at the first propagation distance is determined according to the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal.

[0026] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned characteristic information may include at least one of the propagation velocity, attenuation coefficient, and velocity dispersion of ultrasonic waves in the rock sample to be tested.

[0027] Exemplarily, the characteristic information includes, for example, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested. The optional implementation method of determining the propagation speed is as follows: according to the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal, the first arrival time of the picked-up first ultrasonic signal, the first ultrasonic signal passes through the rock sample to be tested, the ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving device; determining the first arrival time of the second ultrasonic signal, the second ultrasonic signal is transmitted by the ultrasonic transmitting device when the rock sample to be tested is not placed between the ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving device, and the transmission parameters associated with the second ultrasonic signal are the same as the transmission parameters associated with the first ultrasonic signal; determining the first arrival time of the first synchronization signal and the first arrival time of the second synchronization signal; according to the first arrival time of the first ultrasonic signal, the first arrival time of the second ultrasonic signal, the first arrival time of the first synchronization signal, the first arrival time of the second synchronization signal, and the thickness of the rock sample to be tested, determining the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested. Wherein, the above-mentioned first synchronization signal can be a synchronization signal of the first ultrasonic signal, and the first synchronization signal can be a synchronization signal directly sent by the ultrasonic transmitting device to the data acquisition and processing unit when the rock sample to be tested is placed between the ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving device. The second synchronization signal may be a synchronization signal of the second ultrasonic signal, and the second synchronization signal may be a synchronization signal directly sent by the ultrasonic transmitting device to the data acquisition and processing unit when no rock sample to be tested is placed between the ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving device.

[0028] For example, in the sample preparation stage, the rock sample to be tested (such as sandstone) and the reference sample (such as aluminum or a nearly non-attenuating material) can be selected, and the rock sample to be tested can be pre-processed by cutting, cleaning and drying to ensure the consistency of the experimental conditions. For example, sandstone samples can be collected from a specific location, cut into blocks of suitable size, and then dried in an oven at 80°C to remove factors such as moisture that may affect the experimental results. In the experimental operation stage, the processed rock sample to be tested can be placed on the experimental table, and an ultrasonic transmitter is fixed on one side of the rock sample to be tested, and an ultrasonic receiver is fixed on the other side to ensure that the axes of the two are aligned. Set the parameters of the ultrasonic transmitter, such as the center frequency (or transmission frequency) of 1MHz and the radius of 12.5mm, and then test different propagation distances in turn, and record the waveform signal received by the ultrasonic receiver during each test. The collected waveform signal is transmitted to the data acquisition and processing unit, which performs pre-processing operations such as noise removal and signal enhancement on the waveform signal, and calculates the relevant parameters of the waveform signal, such as the propagation speed, attenuation coefficient, velocity dispersion, etc. of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested.

[0029] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested can be calculated by picking up the first arrival time of the waveform signal using the following formula: (1) in, is the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the rock sample to be tested; is the first arrival time of the first ultrasonic signal; is the first arrival time of the second ultrasonic signal; is the first arrival time of the first synchronization signal; is the first arrival time of the second synchronization signal; L is the thickness of the rock sample to be tested.

[0030] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the characteristic information includes, for example, an attenuation coefficient, and an optional implementation method for determining the attenuation coefficient is as follows: the spectrum of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the rock sample to be tested can be obtained based on the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal; the spectrum of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the reference sample is determined; the amplitude spectrum ratio is determined based on the spectrum of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the rock sample to be tested and the spectrum of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the reference sample, and the amplitude spectrum ratio is diffraction corrected; based on the relationship between the amplitude spectrum ratio and the frequency after the diffraction correction, the attenuation coefficient of the rock sample to be tested is obtained. In a possible implementation method, the relationship between the amplitude spectrum ratio and the frequency after the diffraction correction is expressed as follows: (2) in, is the amplitude spectrum ratio after diffraction correction, is the attenuation coefficient, including the friction attenuation coefficient and the scattering attenuation coefficient , ω is the angular frequency, is the center frequency, is the reference friction attenuation coefficient, is the reference scattering attenuation coefficient; The diffraction factor associated with the rock sample to be tested can be obtained by solving the elastic wave equation of the ultrasonic transducer source of the corresponding shape. This factor is mainly related to the transducer size, ultrasonic velocity and propagation distance. z is the propagation distance; is the transmission coefficient of the rock sample to be tested, is the transmission coefficient of the reference sample, is a constant; is the spectrum of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the rock sample to be tested. is the spectrum after the ultrasonic wave passes through the reference sample; is the diffraction factor associated with the reference sample.

[0031] For example, the relationship between the amplitude spectrum ratio and frequency after diffraction correction (i.e., formula (2)) can be derived as follows: The spectrum ratio method is used to compare the signal spectrum of the rock sample to be tested with the spectrum of the reference sample to calculate the attenuation coefficient. However, it is necessary to first perform diffraction correction using formula (2) to eliminate the influence of the diffraction effect on the attenuation measurement. Generally, the spectrum of the waveform after the ultrasonic wave passes through the rock can be expressed as: (3) in, is the wave number, which can be expressed as , a is the diameter of the ultrasonic transmitting device or the ultrasonic receiving device, for example, it may be the transducer diameter; z is the propagation distance; is the transducer transfer function, ω is the angular frequency. η ( ω ) is the attenuation coefficient. The attenuation of dry rock mainly comes from friction dissipation and scattering attenuation. η ( ω ) can be expressed as the sum of the two: , the friction attenuation coefficient can be approximately expressed as: , the scattering attenuation coefficient can be approximately expressed as: .

[0032] To measure the attenuation of rock, the laboratory can use a non-attenuating material (such as aluminum) with the same length as the rock sample to be tested as a reference sample, and then use the ratio of the two spectra to obtain the attenuation. Suppose the spectrum of the rock sample to be tested is , the spectrum of the reference sample is , then the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitude spectra of the two can be expressed as: (4) in, Representing the diffraction factor can be expressed in formula (5), represents the transmission coefficient, and the third term in formula (4) is a constant.

[0033] (5) According to formula (5), It is greatly affected by velocity but less affected by attenuation. Substituting it into formula (4) and shifting the terms, the corrected amplitude spectrum ratio can be obtained as shown in the above formula (2), which is the relationship between the amplitude spectrum ratio and frequency after diffraction correction. According to the above formula (2), the attenuation coefficient of the rock sample to be tested can be approximately obtained through the relationship between the amplitude spectrum ratio and frequency after diffraction correction.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the characteristic information includes, for example, the velocity dispersion of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested. The optional implementation of determining the velocity dispersion is as follows: according to the propagation velocity and attenuation coefficient of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested, the velocity dispersion of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested is determined using the Kramers-Kronig relationship. Exemplarily, the calculation formula of the velocity dispersion of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested is expressed as follows: (6) in, is the velocity dispersion of ultrasonic waves in the rock sample to be tested; is the first arrival wave velocity, which can be obtained based on the propagation velocity; is the attenuation coefficient; ω is the angular frequency, is the center frequency.

[0035] In step 205, based on the characteristic information and a preset waveform prediction model, the ultrasonic waveform of the rock sample to be tested at the second propagation distance is predicted.

[0036] For example, the calculated propagation velocity, dispersion, attenuation coefficient and other related parameters can be substituted into a preset waveform prediction model, and the waveform after the first propagation distance can be used to predict the ultrasonic waveform at a different propagation distance (such as the second propagation distance). In some embodiments, the formula of the waveform prediction model can be expressed as follows: (7) in, is the predicted second propagation distance The ultrasonic waveform below; is the inverse Fourier transform; The first propagation distance The ultrasonic waveform below; is the geometric propagation factor, which reflects the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the medium; is the diffraction correction factor, which is used to correct the diffraction energy change caused by the shape of the transducer source; is the attenuation coefficient; is the velocity dispersion of ultrasonic waves in the rock sample to be tested.

[0037] The following will be combined Figure 3 Taking sandstone as an example, the experimental process is described in detail.

[0038] (1) Sample selection and processing Sandstone samples were collected from specific locations, cut into blocks of appropriate size, and then dried in an oven at 80°C to remove moisture and other factors that may affect the experimental results.

[0039] (2) Experimental operation Place the processed sandstone sample on the experimental table, fix the ultrasonic transmitter on one side of the sample and the receiver on the other side, and ensure that the axes of the two are aligned. Set the parameters of the ultrasonic transmitter, such as the transmission frequency is 1MHz, and then test different propagation distances in turn, and record the waveform signal received by the ultrasonic receiver during each test.

[0040] (3) Data processing and analysis The collected waveform signal is transmitted to the data acquisition and processing unit for preprocessing operations such as noise removal and signal enhancement. According to the rock property detection and waveform prediction method based on ultrasonic transmission method, the propagation velocity is calculated, the attenuation is measured, and the dispersion is calculated. The calculated propagation velocity, dispersion, and attenuation coefficient are used to predict the waveform, and finally the predicted ultrasonic waveform is obtained. The predicted result (i.e., the predicted ultrasonic waveform) is compared with the actual measured waveform, the difference is analyzed, and the accuracy of the system and method is evaluated.

[0041] It should be noted that during the experiment, the stability of the experimental environment (temperature, humidity, etc.) should be maintained and good contact between the transducer and the sample surface should be ensured to ensure the reliability of the experimental results.

[0042] In summary, by optimizing the experimental method and data processing process, the velocity, dispersion and attenuation characteristics of rocks can be measured more accurately, and the measurement error can be reduced, thereby improving the detection accuracy. Based on an improved theoretical model (i.e., a waveform prediction model), the present disclosure can more accurately predict the ultrasonic waveforms of different types of rocks (especially sandstone, etc.) at different propagation distances, providing a strong basis for in-depth understanding of the internal structure and characteristics of rocks. Optionally, the scheme involved in the present disclosure can be applied to multiple fields such as geological exploration, mining, and petroleum engineering, which helps to improve resource exploration efficiency, evaluate rock stability, etc., and has important economic and engineering value.

[0043] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0044] In the description of the present disclosure, “at least one” means one or more, and “plurality” means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0045] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code that includes one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a custom logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure includes additional implementations in which functions may not be performed in the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by technicians in the technical field to which the embodiments of the present disclosure belong.

[0046] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, device or apparatus and execute instructions), or in combination with these instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus, or in combination with these instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include the following: an electrical connection with one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk box (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium and then editing, interpreting or processing in other suitable ways if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0047] It should be understood that the various parts of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one of the following technologies known in the art or a combination thereof may be used to implement: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0048] A person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above-mentioned embodiment may be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.

[0049] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present disclosure may be integrated into a processing module, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated module may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0050] The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a disk or an optical disk, etc. Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations of the present disclosure. A person of ordinary skill in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A rock property detection and waveform prediction method based on ultrasonic transmission method, characterized in that: include: The control signal excitation unit excites the ultrasonic wave transmitting device to transmit a first ultrasonic wave signal based on the set transmission parameters to perform a test of a first propagation distance; Receiving a first ultrasonic signal transmitted through the rock sample to be tested by an ultrasonic receiving device, wherein the ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving device are located on both sides of the rock sample to be tested; Collecting the first ultrasonic signal received by the ultrasonic receiving device, and preprocessing the collected first ultrasonic signal; Determine characteristic information of the rock sample to be tested at the first propagation distance according to the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal, wherein the characteristic information includes at least one of a propagation velocity, an attenuation coefficient, and a velocity dispersion of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested; Based on the characteristic information and a preset waveform prediction model, the ultrasonic waveform of the rock sample to be tested at a second propagation distance is predicted.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining characteristic information of the rock sample to be tested at the first propagation distance according to the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal includes: According to the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal, picking up the first arrival time of the first ultrasonic signal, the first ultrasonic signal passing through the rock sample to be tested, the ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving device; Determining a first arrival time of a second ultrasonic signal, wherein the second ultrasonic signal is transmitted by the ultrasonic transmitting device when the rock sample to be tested is not placed between the ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving device, and a transmission parameter associated with the second ultrasonic signal is the same as a transmission parameter associated with the first ultrasonic signal; Determine a first synchronization signal first arrival time and a second synchronization signal first arrival time; wherein the first synchronization signal is a synchronization signal of the first ultrasonic signal, and the second synchronization signal is a synchronization signal of the second ultrasonic signal; The propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested is determined based on the first arrival time of the first ultrasonic signal, the first arrival time of the second ultrasonic signal, the first arrival time of the first synchronization signal, the first arrival time of the second synchronization signal, and the thickness of the rock sample to be tested.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The calculation formula of the propagation speed of ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested is as follows: in, is the propagation speed of ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested; is the first arrival time of the first ultrasonic signal; is the first arrival time of the second ultrasonic signal; is the first arrival time of the first synchronization signal; is the first arrival time of the second synchronization signal; L is the thickness of the rock sample to be tested.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining characteristic information of the rock sample to be tested at the first propagation distance according to the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal includes: According to the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal, obtaining a frequency spectrum after the ultrasonic wave passes through the rock sample to be tested; Determine the spectrum of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the reference sample; Determine an amplitude spectrum ratio according to the spectrum of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the rock sample to be tested and the spectrum of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the reference sample, and perform diffraction correction on the amplitude spectrum ratio; Based on the relationship between the diffraction-corrected amplitude spectrum ratio and the frequency, the attenuation coefficient of the rock sample to be tested is obtained.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The relationship between the amplitude spectrum ratio and frequency after diffraction correction is expressed as follows: in, is the amplitude spectrum ratio after diffraction correction, is the attenuation coefficient, including the friction attenuation coefficient and the scattering attenuation coefficient , ω is the angular frequency, is the center frequency, is the reference friction attenuation coefficient, is the reference scattering attenuation coefficient; is the diffraction factor associated with the rock sample to be tested; z is the propagation distance; is the transmission coefficient of the rock sample to be tested, is the transmission coefficient of the reference sample, is a constant; is the spectrum of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the rock sample to be tested, is the spectrum after the ultrasonic wave passes through the reference sample; is the diffraction factor associated with the reference sample.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining characteristic information of the rock sample to be tested at the first propagation distance according to the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal includes: The velocity dispersion of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested is determined by using the Kramers-Kronig relationship according to the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested and the attenuation coefficient.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The calculation formula of the velocity dispersion of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested is expressed as follows: in, is the velocity dispersion of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested; is the first arrival wave velocity; is the attenuation coefficient; ω is the angular frequency, is the center frequency.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The waveform prediction model is expressed as follows: in, is the predicted second propagation distance The ultrasonic waveform below; is the inverse Fourier transform; The first propagation distance The ultrasonic waveform below; is the geometric propagation factor, which reflects the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the medium; is the diffraction correction factor, which is used to correct the diffraction energy change caused by the shape of the transducer source; is the attenuation coefficient; is the velocity dispersion of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested.

9. A rock property detection and waveform prediction system based on ultrasonic transmission method, characterized in that: include: An ultrasonic transmitting device, used for transmitting a first ultrasonic signal based on set transmitting parameters to test a first propagation distance; An ultrasonic receiving device, used for receiving a first ultrasonic signal transmitted through the rock sample to be tested, wherein the ultrasonic transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving device are located on both sides of the rock sample to be tested; a data acquisition and processing unit, configured to acquire the first ultrasonic signal received by the ultrasonic receiving device, preprocess the acquired first ultrasonic signal, and determine characteristic information of the rock sample to be tested at the first propagation distance according to the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal, wherein the characteristic information includes at least one of a propagation velocity, an attenuation coefficient, and a velocity dispersion of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample to be tested; The waveform prediction unit is used to predict the ultrasonic waveform of the rock sample to be tested at a second propagation distance based on the characteristic information and a preset waveform prediction model.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that The data acquisition and processing unit is used for: According to the preprocessed first ultrasonic signal, obtaining a frequency spectrum after the ultrasonic wave passes through the rock sample to be tested; Determine the spectrum of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the reference sample; Determine an amplitude spectrum ratio according to the spectrum of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the rock sample to be tested and the spectrum of the ultrasonic wave after passing through the reference sample, and perform diffraction correction on the amplitude spectrum ratio; Based on the relationship between the diffraction-corrected amplitude spectrum ratio and the frequency, the attenuation coefficient of the rock sample to be tested is obtained.

Images