Single mode fiber optimized to operate in O and E bands and corresponding optical transmission system

Abstract

The invention relates to a single-mode optical fiber comprising: a core (10) having a refractive index n, where the core comprises a region in which the value of n decreases from a value n0 to a value n2; and a cladding (20) comprising: a first cladding layer (21) having a refractive index n2, a second cladding layer (22) having a refractive index n3 lower than n2, and a three-layer cladding layer (23) having a refractive index n4 higher than n3, where the radius r1 of the core is comprised between 2.5 [mu] m and 5.5 [mu] m; and wherein the refractive index difference [Delta] n0 = n0-n4 is higher than 5.8 * 10 <-3 >; and wherein the refractive index difference [Delta] n2 = n2-n4 is between 1 * 10 <-3 > and 2.5 * 10 <-3 >; and wherein the refractive index difference [Delta] n3 = n3-n4 is less than 0.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to single mode optical fibers for optical transmission systems and optical transmission systems including such single mode optical fibers. More particularly, the present invention relates to single mode optical fibers optimized to operate in the O and E bands. Background Art

[0002] Telecommunication systems require optical fibers that can transmit signals over long distances without causing degradation. Such optical fiber transmission systems usually use single-mode optical fibers (SMF), such as the so-called "standard" single-mode optical fibers (SSMF) used for terrestrial transmission systems. In fact, single-mode optical fibers (SMF) enable lower optical signal attenuation to be obtained than multimode optical fibers (MMF), and are therefore more suitable for long-distance transmission. In addition, as its name indicates, multimode optical fibers present multiple modes, each with a different speed, which results in limited bandwidth, while single-mode optical fibers theoretically present unlimited bandwidth and are more suitable for long-distance transmission.

[0003] In addition, in order to promote compatibility between optical systems of different manufacturers, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has defined several standards that standard optical transmission fibers should comply with. Among these standards, the ITU-T G.652 recommendation (the latest revision in November 2016) describes the characteristics of single-mode optical fibers and cable-based networks, which can meet the growing demand for broadband services. The ITU-T G.652 recommendation (hereinafter referred to as "G.652") has several attributes (i.e., A, B, C, and D) that define the fiber attributes of single-mode optical fibers. The ITU-T G.657 (hereinafter referred to as "G.657") recommends focusing more precisely on single-mode optical fibers that are insensitive to bending losses. More specifically, the attributes of G.657.A1 and G.657.A2 (the latest revision in November 2016) are as follows.

[0004] Different optical wavelength communication bands can be used to transmit information through optical fibers. These bands correspond to wavelength regions where optical fibers have less transmission loss. This low-loss wavelength region ranges from 1260nm to 1625nm and is divided into five wavelength bands, which are called O-band, E-band, S-band, C-band, and L-band.

[0005] Currently, most single mode optical fibers typically operate at wavelengths ranging from 1260 nm to 1625 nm, and more specifically in the O-band (1260 nm to 1360 nm) and the C&L band (1530 nm to 1625 nm), as is the case with G.652 and G.657 optical fibers.

[0006] More specifically, the optical performance of G.657A class is: a mode field diameter (MFD (Mode Field Diameter)) between 8.6 μm and 9.2 μm for a wavelength of 1310 nm, a cable cutoff below 1260 nm, a zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW (Zero Dispersion Wavelength)) between 1300 nm and 1324 nm (this ZDW is most suitable for use of optical fiber in the O-band), and less than or equal to 0.092 ps / (nm 2 .km) of zero dispersion slope (ZDS (Zero Dispersion Slope)).

[0007] The maximum acceptable macrobend loss of G.657 optical fiber is:

[0008] [Table 1]

[0009]

[0010] International applications WO 2015 / 092464 and WO 2019 / 122943 disclose examples of optical fibers having a zero dispersion wavelength between 1300 nm and 1324 nm according to G.652 and G.657A.

[0011] However, under the long-term trend of increasing transmission capacity, with the high growth of data traffic, it is necessary to optimize the use of wavelengths at the top of the O-band for optical fiber communications, because the dispersion at these wavelengths is too high for existing equipment. More specifically, for example, a medium wavelength division multiplexing (MWDM) system with a 25G transceiver is expected to operate in the O and E bands from 1268nm to 1375nm and requires a range of -9.5ps / (nm 2 .km) to +3ps / (nm 2 .km) dispersion: This is not achievable with current G.652 and G657.A fibers, because the zero dispersion wavelength ranges from 1300nm to 1324nm. Therefore, it is necessary to find a fiber design that can meet this requirement. Summary of the invention

[0012] These objects are achieved by the present invention, which relates to a single-mode optical fiber, comprising:

[0013] a core having a refractive index n, wherein the core comprises a region where the value of n decreases from a value n0 at a radius r0 to a value n2 at a radius r1; and

[0014] - a cladding having a refractive index n', said cladding comprising:

[0015] o the first cladding layer, where the refractive index n' is equal to n2;

[0016] o a second cladding layer, wherein the refractive index n' is equal to a value n3 which is lower than n2; and

[0017] o a third cladding layer, in which the refractive index n' is equal to a value n4 higher than n3;

[0018] wherein the radius r1 of the core is comprised between 2.5 μm and 5.5 μm; and

[0019] The refractive index difference Δn0 = n0-n4 is greater than 5.8×10 -3 ;and

[0020] The refractive index difference Δn2 = n2-n4 is 1×10 -3 and 2.5×10 -3 between; and

[0021] The refractive index difference Δn3 = n3-n4 is less than 0

[0022] The refractive index profiles of the core and cladding are defined by the following profile parameters:

[0023] K1=V 11 -5.85×V 01

[0024] K2=V 02 +0.65×V 01

[0025] K3=V 03 -5×K2

[0026] in

[0027] V 01 (μm) is the surface integral of the core;

[0028] V 11 (μm 2 ) is the volume integral of the core;

[0029] V 02 (μm) is the surface integral of the first cladding layer;

[0030] V 03 (μm) is the surface integral of the second cladding;

[0031] And the parameters satisfy the following inequalities:

[0032] -59 <K1<-47

[0033] 18 <K2<24

[0034] -133 <K3<-118。

[0035] The invention thus makes it possible to obtain an optical fiber that operates optimally in the O and E bands, thus with a slightly shifted dispersion (CD) compared to G.652 and G.657 fibers, but presenting the same optical performances. More specifically, the optical fiber according to the invention presents the same performances as G.657.A fibers: MFD-1310 at 9.0 μm, cable cutoff less than 1260 nm, and low bending losses; except for the ZDW comprised between 1340 nm and 1360 nm. The optical fiber according to the invention thus makes it possible to maintain a dispersion between -9 ps / (nm.km) and +3 ps / (nm.km) in the range from 1268 nm to 1375 nm.

[0036] Therefore, the present invention is ideally suited for use in medium wavelength division multiplexing (MWDM) systems, which double the number of wavelength channels under the same conditions as conventional CWDM systems by reducing the wavelength spacing of CWDM systems from 20 nm to 10 nm.

[0037] Finally, medium wavelength division multiplexing (MWDM) was proposed to meet the urgent needs of 5G commercialization. Moreover, since it is based on mature CWDM technology for parameter adjustment, the industry can reuse the production process of CWDM modules, and the industrial chain can quickly meet market demand.

[0038] According to a particular embodiment, the third cladding layer consists of silicon dioxide.

[0039] According to one particular aspect of the invention, the profile of the refractive index of the core is trapezoidal, with a ratio comprised between 0 and 1, and preferably between 0.05 and 0.95, wherein said ratio is equal to r0 / r1.

[0040] According to another specific aspect of the present invention, the distribution of the refractive index of the core presents an arc-shaped edge.

[0041] According to a particular embodiment, the refractive index of the core exhibits a distribution from the center of the core to a radius r D The inner foveal area, where r D is less than r1, and wherein the refractive index n of the core is equal to n at the center of the core 0D The minimum value of n 0D Less than n0.

[0042] According to a particular aspect of the invention, the region of reduced refractive index is obtained by gradually varying the concentration of at least two dopants.

[0043] According to one embodiment of the present invention, at least two dopants are selected from the following elements and / or molecules:

[0044] - Germanium oxide (GeO2);

[0045] - fluorine (F);

[0046] -Phosphorus oxide (P X O Y );

[0047] - Boron oxide (B X O Y );

[0048] -Alumina (Al2O3).

[0049] According to a particular aspect of the invention, the optical fiber has a chromatic dispersion comprised between -9 ps / (nm.km) and +3 ps / (nm.km) in the wavelength range from 1268 nm to 1375 nm.

[0050] Therefore, the dispersion is slightly shifted compared to G.562 and G.567 fibers, which enables operation in both the O and E bands.

[0051] According to one embodiment of the invention, the mode field diameter (MFD) of said optical fiber at a wavelength of 1310 nm is comprised between 8.6 μm and 9.2 μm, and is preferably 9 μm.

[0052] According to a particular aspect of the invention, said optical fiber has a cable cut-off wavelength comprised between 1170 nm and 1260 nm.

[0053] According to a particular aspect of the invention, the optical fiber has a zero dispersion wavelength comprised between 1340 nm and 1360 nm.

[0054] The present invention also relates to an optical fiber transmission system, which comprises at least one single-mode optical fiber as described above.

[0055] Therefore, the system can use a wider range of wavelengths than the prior art optical communication systems. In fact, it can operate in the O and E bands (from 1268nm to 1375nm) using, for example, medium wavelength division multiplexing (MWDM) with 25Gb / s transceivers.

[0056] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber transmission system has a maximum transmitter dispersion penalty of 1.5 dB. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] The present disclosure may be better understood with reference to the following description and drawings, which are given by way of example and do not limit the scope of protection, in which:

[0058] Figure 1 An optical fiber according to the present invention is shown;

[0059] Figure 2 The first example according to the present invention is shown. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the evolution of the refractive index of the core and cladding of an optical fiber (a), and a cross-sectional diagram of such an optical fiber (b);

[0060] Figure 3 According to the second example of the present invention, Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the refractive index evolution of the core and cladding of an optical fiber, where the refractive index distribution of the core includes an arc-shaped edge;

[0061] Figure 4 The third example according to the present invention is shown. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the evolution of the refractive index of the core and cladding of an optical fiber, wherein the refractive index profile of the core includes a concave central region;

[0062] Figure 5 The fourth example according to the present invention is shown. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the evolution of the refractive index of the core and cladding of an optical fiber, wherein the refractive index distribution of the core includes a concave central region and an arc-shaped edge;

[0063] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a transmission system comprising an optical fiber according to the present invention is shown.

[0064] The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The general principle of the invention relies on a single-mode optical fiber configured to be implemented in an optical transmission system operating in a wavelength range comprised between 1260 nm and 1625 nm. More specifically, the invention relies on a single-mode optical fiber optimized for use in the highest wavelengths of the O-band and even the E-band (for example, about 1375 nm). In fact, the specific characteristics of the single-mode optical fiber according to the invention make it possible to obtain a slightly shifted dispersion (CD) compared to G.652 and G.657 optical fibers but presenting the same optical performance. More specifically, the single-mode optical fiber according to the invention presents a ZDW comprised between 1340 nm and 1360 nm, making it possible to maintain a dispersion (CD) between -9 ps / (nm.km) and +3 ps / (nm.km) in the range from 1268 nm to 1375 nm. This ZDW and all other optical parameters are obtained due to the specific characteristics of the different elements constituting the optical fiber.

[0066] Furthermore, for G.652 and G.657 fibers, the fiber according to the invention has a mode field diameter (MFD) at a wavelength of 1310 nm between 8.6 μm and 9.2 μm, and preferably 9 μm. The fiber also has a cable cut-off wavelength comprised between 1170 nm and 1260 nm. Thus, the fiber presents similar characteristics to G.652 and G.657 fibers, but is further optimized for use in high O-band wavelengths.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, the optical fiber 1 according to the present invention comprises a core 10 and a cladding 20, wherein the core 10 is an internal light-guiding member of the optical fiber, and the cladding 20 is used to confine light in the core. The cladding comprises three cladding layers: a first cladding layer 21 is also called an "intermediate cladding layer", a second cladding layer 22 is also called a "channel layer", and a third cladding layer 23 is also called an "outer cladding layer".

[0068] The core 10 is defined by a radius r and a refractive index n that varies with the radius r, while the cladding is defined by a radius r' and a refractive index n' that varies with the radius r'. More specifically, Figure 2 The following are shown: (a) the refractive index profile of an optical fiber in the upper part of the drawing and (b) a cross-sectional view of the optical fiber in the lower part according to the present invention. In part (a) of the figure, the evolution of the refractive index (n, n') of the core 10 and the cladding 20 as a function of the radius (r, r') from the center of the core 10 is shown.

[0069] According to the present invention, the core 10 is defined as having an outer radius r1. The core 10 comprises a first region extending from its center (r=0) to a radius r0. Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the first region of the core exhibits a constant refractive index equal to n0. The optical core 10 also includes a second region from radius r0 to radius r1 having a reduced refractive index and having a refractive index n2 at radius r1. Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the refractive index of the core in the second region decreases from n0 to n2. Figure 2 In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the radius and refractive index of the core are defined as follows:

[0070] 0.180μm≤r0≤3μm

[0071] 2.5μm≤r1≤5.5μm

[0072] r0≤r1

[0073] Δn0>0.0058, where Δn0 is the refractive index difference between the first region of the core and the third cladding: Δn0=n0-n4

[0074] 1×10 -3 ≤Δn2≤2.5×10 -3 , where Δn2 is the difference between the refractive index at r1 (in the outside of the second region of the core) and the refractive index of the third cladding: Δn2=n2-n4.

[0075] More specifically, according to a particular embodiment of the invention, Δn0 is comprised between 0.0058 and 0.0085.

[0076] In addition, the radius parameter of the core 10 can also be defined as follows: 0≤r0≤r1, where the ratio between the radii of the first region and the second region of the cladding is defined as follows: ratio=r0 / r1, where 0≤ratio≤1, and preferably 0.05≤ratio≤0.95.

[0077] Therefore, the core 10 also exhibits an r equivalent to that defined as follows eq Radius:

[0078] r eq =r1×(1+ratio) / 2, where 1.5μm≤r eq ≤3.5μm.

[0079] Furthermore, the profile of the refractive index of the core 10 may be trapezoidal or rectangular, with edges that may or may not be rounded.

[0080] The values ​​of refractive index and radius contribute to obtaining a single-mode optical fiber optimized for operation at high wavelengths in the O-band. In fact, the core radius of the single-mode optical fiber according to the invention is smaller than that of the prior art, which enables a ZDW of about 1350 nm to be obtained.

[0081] The surface integral of the core 10 can be expressed by the following expression:

[0082]

[0083] In this expression, the refractive index increment (Δn0, Δn2) is multiplied by 1000, and the unit of r1 is μm, so V 01 The unit is μm.

[0084] In a specific embodiment of the present invention: 16 μm ≤ V 01 ≤25μm.

[0085] The volume integral of the core 10 can be expressed by the following expression:

[0086]

[0087] In this expression, the refractive index increment (Δn0, Δn2) is multiplied by 1000, and the unit of r1 is μm, so V 11 The unit is μm 2 .

[0088] In a specific embodiment of the present invention: 42 μm 2 ≤V 11 ≤93μm 2 .

[0089] The first cladding layer 21 or "intermediate cladding" is defined as having a radius r2 and a constant refractive index equal to n2.

[0090] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the radius of the first cladding layer 21 is preferably defined as follows: 7.8 μm ≤ r2 ≤ 9 μm.

[0091] The surface integral of the first cladding layer 21 can be expressed by the following expression:

[0092]

[0093] In this expression, the refractive index increment Δn2 is multiplied by 1000, and the units of r1 and r2 are μm, so V 02 The unit is μm.

[0094] In a specific embodiment of the present invention: 3μm≤V 02 ≤12μm.

[0095] The volume integral of the first cladding layer 21 can be expressed by the following expression:

[0096]

[0097] In this expression, the refractive index increment Δn2 is multiplied by 1000, and the units of r1 and r2 are μm, so V 12 The unit is μm 2 .

[0098] In a specific embodiment of the present invention: 50 μm 2 ≤V 12 ≤130μm 2 .

[0099] The second cladding layer 22 or "channel" is defined as having a radius r3 and a constant refractive index n3, and the refractive index of the second cladding layer is defined as follows: Δn3≤0, where Δn3 is the refractive index difference between the second cladding layer 22 and the third cladding layer 23: Δn3=n3-n4.

[0100] In addition, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the radius of the second cladding layer 22 is preferably defined as follows: 10.8 μm ≤ r3 ≤ 13.2 μm.

[0101] The surface integral of the second cladding layer 22 can be expressed by the following expression:

[0102]

[0103] In this expression, the refractive index increment Δn3 is multiplied by 1000, and the units of r2 and r3 are μm, so V 03 The unit is μm.

[0104] In a specific embodiment of the present invention: -30 μm ≤ V 03 ≤-14μm.

[0105] The volume integral of the second cladding layer 22 can be expressed by the following expression:

[0106]

[0107] In this expression, the refractive index increment Δn3 is multiplied by 1000, and the units of r2 and r3 are μm, so V 13 The unit is μm 2 .

[0108] In a specific embodiment of the present invention: -653 μm 2 ≤V 13 ≤-272μm 2 .

[0109] Therefore, the single mode optical fiber 1 according to the present invention requires a channel assisted design with a lower refractive index than the second cladding to achieve the target performance, namely ZDW included between 1340nm and 1360nm, shifted CD and other parameters same as G.652 and G.657 optical fibers.

[0110] Finally, the third cladding layer 23 or "outer cladding" is defined as having a constant refractive index n4 that satisfies the following inequality: n4 ≥ n3.

[0111] The third cladding layer 23 participates in creating a channel in the second cladding layer 22 and protects the inner layer of the cladding layer 20 and the core 10 .

[0112] The third cladding layer 23 preferably consists of almost pure silicon dioxide, and preferably consists of pure silicon dioxide.

[0113] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. More specifically, the present invention can be presented in combination with Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 While specific refractive index profiles are described, they are not limiting examples.

[0114] According to the present invention, the refractive index profiles of the core 10 and the cladding 20 of the optical fiber 1 are described in combination with profile parameters (K1, K2, K3), which are defined as follows:

[0115] K1=V 11 -5.85×V 01

[0116] K2=V 02 +0.65×V 01

[0117] K3=V 03 -5×K2.

[0118] In these expressions, V 01 、V 02 and V 03 The unit is μm, and V 11 The unit is μm 2 Therefore, the expression of K1 can also be expressed as: K1 = V 11 -5.85(μm)×V 01 .

[0119] These distribution parameters satisfy the following inequalities:

[0120] -59 <K1<-47

[0121] 18 <K2<24

[0122] -133 <K3<-118。

[0123] These profile parameters thus make it possible to better define the refractive index profile of the optical fiber 1 and also to determine the limits of these profiles. Among the profiles defined by these profile parameters there are: angular profiles, which have a rectangular or trapezoidal shape, such as Figure 2 As shown; arc-shaped distribution, which has an overall rectangular or trapezoidal shape, such as Figure 3as shown; and including a distribution of cores having an internal foveal region 11, which has angular or arcuate edges, as Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown.

[0124] Thus, as Figure 3 shown, the refractive index distribution of the core 10 can be arcuate. In this case, the first region of the core having a radius r0 ends exactly where the refractive index begins to decrease, i.e., before the arcuate portion of the distribution.

[0125] The cladding 20 of the optical fiber 1 can also exhibit a distribution having arcuate edges. This embodiment is not shown in the figures.

[0126] Figure 4 Another embodiment of the present invention is shown, in which the refractive index distribution of the core 10 includes an internal foveal region 11 located in the first region of the core. The figure shows an angular distribution.

[0127] More specifically, as Figure 4 shown, the internal foveal region 11 extends from the center of the core (r = 0) to a radius r D , where r D < r0. In this internal foveal region 11, the refractive index n of the core exhibits a minimum value equal to n 0D at the center of the core, where n 0D < n0, or in other words, Δn 0D < Δn0, where Δn 0D = n 0D - n4.

[0128] Figure 5 Another embodiment of the present invention is shown, in which the refractive index distribution of the core (10) is arcuate and includes an internal foveal region (11). Thus, all distributions of the core (10) having an internal foveal region (11) can exhibit arcuate edges. In this case, the internal foveal region (11) having a radius r D ends when the maximum value (n0 or Δn0) of the core refractive index (n) is reached. In the Figure 5 embodiment shown, r D = r0 because the maximum value of n or Δn (i.e., n0 or Δn0) is satisfied at only one point on the graph.

[0129] In one embodiment of the present invention, by gradually changing the concentration of at least two dopants, a second region of decreasing refractive index of the core from radius r0 to radius r1 can be obtained, and the dopants can be selected from the following elements and / or molecules:

[0130] - germanium dioxide (GeO2);

[0131] - fluorine (F);

[0132] -Phosphorus oxide (P X O Y );

[0133] - Boron oxide (B X O Y );

[0134] -Alumina (Al2O3).

[0135] The change of the refractive index of other elements of the optical fiber 1 (other parts of the core 10 and the cladding 20) can also be achieved by changing the concentration of dopants in these different elements. More specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the core 10 and the cladding 20 of the optical fiber 1 are both composed of silica, and the change of the refractive index is obtained by changing the concentration of the dopant.

[0136] In a preferred embodiment, the inner central concave area 11 is V 11 The impact should not be greater than 1×10 -3 μm2, even more preferably 0.5x10 -3 μm2 V 11 Table 2 below presents an example of an inner concave region 11 presenting a fixed Δn 0D .

[0137] [Table 2]

[0138] <![CDATA[r D =1μm]]> <![CDATA[n 0D -n0≥-1×10 -3 , and more preferably n 0D -n0≥v0.5×10 -3 ]]> <![CDATA[r D =0.5μm]]> <![CDATA[n 0D -n0≥-4×10 -3 , and more preferably n 0D -n0≥-2×10 -3 ]]> <![CDATA[r D =0.25μm]]> <![CDATA[n 0D -n0≥-16×10 -3 , and more preferably n 0D -n0≥-8×10 -3 ]]>

[0139] The invention also relates to an optical fiber transmission system comprising an optical fiber 1 having the aforementioned characteristics. Preferably, such a system is an MDWDM system comprising a transmitter and a receiver (comprising a multiplexer and a demultiplexer respectively).

[0140] As an example, Figure 6 An MDWM system is shown, comprising an optical fiber 1, a transmitter Tx, a receiver Rx, and an optical multiplexer (OM) and a demultiplexer (OD). The optical multiplexer and demultiplexer enable multiplexing or combining of a plurality of optical signals (λ1, ...λ2) at one end of the system in one direction or the other, respectively. N and λ1, ...λ M ) and demultiplex or separate these signals at the other end of the system in one direction or the other direction. Therefore, the signal propagating in the single-mode optical fiber 1 of the present invention is a multiplexed signal (a combination of multiple signals).

[0141] Optionally, if the system is transmitted over a long distance, such a system may include repeaters (100-1, ..., 100-n). The repeaters may include one or more filters, and / or one or more amplifiers 101, and / or one or more dispersion compensating fibers 102, and the like.

[0142] By using the optical fiber of the present invention, the optical fiber transmission system can use a wider wavelength range than the wavelength range available for the optical communication system of the prior art. In fact, it can operate in the O and E bands (from 1268nm to 1375nm) using, for example, medium wavelength division multiplexing (MWDM) with a 25Gb / s transceiver.

[0143] Furthermore, the transmitter dispersion loss of the optical fiber transmission system is less than 1.5 dB, or even less than 0.5 dB.

[0144] Theoretical examples of parameters that can be used to obtain a single-mode optical fiber 1 according to the invention are presented in the tables hereinafter. Tables 3 to 14 present 94 sets of examples (Ex1 to Ex94) of parameters.

[0145] More specifically, Table 3 lists 30 examples (Ex1 to Ex30), each including different parameters of a ratio (r0 / r1), a radius (r0, r1, r2, r3), and a refractive index difference with the third cladding layer (Δn0, Δn2, Δn3).

[0146] [Table 3]

[0147] N° ratio <![CDATA[r0]]> <![CDATA[r1]]> <![CDATA[r eq ]]> <![CDATA[r2]]> <![CDATA[r3]]> <![CDATA[Δn0]]> <![CDATA[Δn2]]> <![CDATA[Δn3]]> (unit) (μm) (μm) (μm) (μm) (μm) (×1000) (×1000) (×1000) Example 1 0.05 0.185 3.7 1.9425 7.83 10.88 8.42 2.18 -4.77 Example 2 0.2 0.730 3.65 2.19 7.83 10.88 7.58 2.18 -4.77 Example 3 0.35 1.222 3.49 2.35575 7.83 10.88 7.04 2.2 -4.77 Example 4 0.5 1.635 3.27 2.4525 7.83 10.88 6.73 2.23 -4.77 Example 5 0.75 2.168 2.89 2.52875 7.83 10.88 6.49 2.25 -4.77 Example 6 0.95 2.480 2.61 2.54475 7.83 10.88 6.43 2.26 -4.77 Example 7 0.05 0.200 3.99 2.09475 8.27 10.88 8.18 1.94 -6.27 Example 8 0.2 0.784 3.92 2.352 8.27 10.88 7.35 1.95 -6.27 Example 9 0.35 1.309 3.74 2.5245 8.27 10.88 6.82 1.97 -6.27 Example 10 0.5 1.745 3.49 2.6175 8.27 10.88 6.51 2 -6.27 Example 11 0.75 2.303 3.07 2.68625 8.27 10.88 6.28 2.03 -6.27 Example 12 0.95 2.632 2.77 2.70075 8.27 10.88 6.23 2.03 -6.27 Example 13 0.05 0.212 4.24 2.226 8.7 10.88 8 1.72 -8.39 Example 14 0.2 0.832 4.16 2.496 8.7 10.88 7.17 1.74 -8.39 Example 15 0.35 1.383 3.95 2.66625 8.7 10.88 6.65 1.77 -8.39 Example 16 0.5 1.840 3.68 2.76 8.7 10.88 6.35 1.81 -8.39 Example 17 0.75 2.423 3.23 2.82625 8.7 10.88 6.13 1.83 -8.39 Example 18 0.95 2.765 2.91 2.83725 8.7 10.88 6.07 1.84 -8.39 Example 19 0.05 0.188 3.76 1.974 7.83 11.96 8.28 2.04 -4.35 Example 20 0.2 0.740 3.7 2.22 7.83 11.96 7.44 2.05 -4.35 Example 21 0.35 1.239 3.54 2.3895 7.83 11.96 6.91 2.07 -4.35 Example 22 0.5 1.655 3.31 2.4825 7.83 11.96 6.59 2.09 -4.35 Example 23 0.75 2.198 2.93 2.56375 7.83 11.96 6.34 2.11 -4.35 Example 24 0.95 2.508 2.64 2.574 7.83 11.96 6.29 2.11 -4.35 Example 25 0.05 0.201 4.01 2.10525 8.27 11.96 8.06 1.81 -5.74 Example 26 0.2 0.788 3.94 2.364 8.27 11.96 7.23 1.82 -5.74 Example 27 0.35 1.313 3.75 2.53125 8.27 11.96 6.7 1.85 -5.74 Example 28 0.5 1.755 3.51 2.6325 8.27 11.96 6.4 1.87 -5.74 Example 29 0.75 2.310 3.08 2.695 8.27 11.96 6.16 1.89 -5.74 Example 30 0.95 2.641 2.78 2.7105 8.27 11.96 6.11 1.9 -5.74

[0148] Table 4 cites the same 30 examples as Table 3 and shows the subsequent surface and volume integrals of the core and cladding layers (V 01 、V 11 、V 02 、V 12 、V 03 、V 13 ). The distribution parameters K1, K2 and K3 are also listed in the table.

[0149] [Table 4]

[0150] N° <![CDATA[V 01 ]]> <![CDATA[V 11 ]]> <![CDATA[K1]]> <![CDATA[V 02 ]]> <![CDATA[K2]]> <![CDATA[V 12 ]]> <![CDATA[V 03 ]]> <![CDATA[V 13 ]]> <![CDATA[K3]]> (unit) (μm) <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> (μm) (μm) <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> (μm) <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> (μm) Example 1 20.2 59.8 -58.3 9.0 22.1 103.8 -14.5 -272.2 -125.2 Example 2 19.8 58.8 -57.0 9.1 22.0 104.6 -14.5 -272.2 -124.4 Example 3 19.1 55.7 -55.9 9.5 21.9 108.1 -14.5 -272.2 -124.3 Example 4 18.3 51.9 -55.3 10.2 22.1 112.9 -14.5 -272.2 -125.0 Example 5 17.2 46.1 -54.7 11.1 22.3 119.2 -14.5 -272.2 -126.1 Example 6 16.5 42.4 -54.2 11.8 22.5 123.2 -14.5 -272.2 -127.2 Example 7 20.8 65.7 -56.0 8.3 21.8 101.8 -16.4 -313.4 -125.5 Example 8 20.3 64.3 -54.8 8.5 21.7 103.4 -16.4 -313.4 -124.9 Example 9 19.6 60.9 -53.9 8.9 21.7 107.2 -16.4 -313.4 -124.7 Example 10 18.8 56.4 -53.5 9.6 21.8 112.4 -16.4 -313.4 -125.2 Example 11 17.6 50.0 -53.2 10.6 22.0 119.7 -16.4 -313.4 -126.5 Example 12 17.0 46.2 -53.0 11.2 22.2 123.3 -16.4 -313.4 -127.3 Example 13 21.3 70.5 -53.9 7.7 21.5 99.3 -18.3 -358.1 -125.8 Example 14 20.8 69.0 -52.7 7.9 21.4 101.6 -18.3 -358.1 -125.4 Example 15 20.0 65.0 -52.0 8.4 21.4 106.4 -18.3 -358.1 -125.3 Example 16 19.2 60.4 -51.9 9.1 21.6 112.5 -18.3 -358.1 -126.1 Example 17 18.1 53.7 -52.0 10.0 21.8 119.4 -18.3 -358.1 -127.0 Example 18 17.4 49.6 -51.9 10.7 21.9 123.7 -18.3 -358.1 -128.0 Example 19 20.0 59.8 -57.1 8.3 21.3 96.2 -18.0 -355.5 -124.4 Example 20 19.6 58.6 -55.8 8.5 21.2 97.6 -18.0 -355.5 -123.8 Example 21 18.9 55.7 -54.8 8.9 21.2 101.0 -18.0 -355.5 -123.8 Example 22 18.1 51.7 -54.2 9.4 21.2 105.2 -18.0 -355.5 -124.0 Example 23 17.0 46.1 -53.5 10.3 21.4 111.2 -18.0 -355.5 -125.0 Example 24 16.3 42.4 -53.1 11.0 21.6 114.7 -18.0 -355.5 -125.8 Example 25 20.4 64.4 -55.1 7.7 21.0 94.7 -21.2 -428.5 -126.1 Example 26 20.0 63.0 -53.8 7.9 20.9 96.2 -21.2 -428.5 -125.5 Example 27 19.2 59.5 -52.9 8.4 20.9 100.5 -21.2 -428.5 -125.4 Example 28 18.5 55.6 -52.6 8.9 20.9 104.9 -21.2 -428.5 -125.8 Example 29 17.3 49.2 -52.2 9.8 21.1 111.3 -21.2 -428.5 -126.5 Example 30 16.7 45.6 -52.0 10.4 21.3 115.3 -21.2 -428.5 -127.6

[0151] Table 5 cites the same 30 examples as Table 3 and shows the corresponding zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW), zero dispersion shift (ZDS), chromatic dispersion (CD) at 1267.5nm, 1310nm and 1374.5nm, and mode field diameter (MFD) at 1310nm and 1550nm, as well as the cable cut-off wavelength.

[0152] [Table 5]

[0153]

[0154] Table 6 cites the same 30 examples as Table 3 and shows the corresponding bending losses (R7.5BL, R10BL and R15BL) of 1 or 10 turns measured at different wavelengths (1550 μm and 1625 μm) and for different radii (7.5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm).

[0155] [Table 6]

[0156]

[0157] Table 7, Table 8, and Table 9 show another 30 examples (Example 31 to Example 60), listing the same parameters as Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6, respectively.

[0158] [Table 7]

[0159] N° ratio <![CDATA[r0]]> <![CDATA[r1]]> <![CDATA[r eq ]]> <![CDATA[r2]]> <![CDATA[r3]]> <![CDATA[Δn0]]> <![CDATA[Δn2]]> <![CDATA[Δn3]]> (unit) (μm) (μm) (μm) (μm) (μm) (x1000) (x1000) (x1000) Example 31 0.05 0.212 4.24 2.226 8.7 11.96 7.89 1.59 -7.58 Example 32 0.2 0.832 4.16 2.496 8.7 11.96 7.05 1.6 -7.58 Example 33 0.35 1.383 3.95 2.66625 8.7 11.96 6.54 1.65 -7.58 Example 34 0.5 1.840 3.68 2.76 8.7 11.96 6.24 1.68 -7.58 Example 35 0.75 2.423 3.23 2.82625 8.7 11.96 6 1.7 -7.58 Example 36 0.95 2.765 2.91 2.83725 8.7 11.96 5.95 1.7 -7.58 Example 37 0.05 0.194 3.87 2.03175 7.83 13.05 8.11 1.9 -3.95 Example 38 0.2 0.762 3.81 2.286 7.83 13.05 7.27 1.9 -3.95 Example 39 0.35 1.274 3.64 2.457 7.83 13.05 6.76 1.94 -3.95 Example 40 0.5 1.700 3.4 2.55 7.83 13.05 6.45 1.97 -3.95 Example 41 0.75 2.250 3 2.625 7.83 13.05 6.21 1.98 -3.95 Example 42 0.95 2.575 2.71 2.64225 7.83 13.05 6.15 1.99 -3.95 Example 43 0.05 0.204 4.08 2.142 8.27 13.05 7.95 1.7 -5.25 Example 44 0.2 0.804 4.02 2.412 8.27 13.05 7.12 1.71 -5.25 Example 45 0.35 1.337 3.82 2.5785 8.27 13.05 6.6 1.74 -5.25 Example 46 0.5 1.780 3.56 2.67 8.27 13.05 6.29 1.77 -5.25 Example 47 0.75 2.348 3.13 2.73875 8.27 13.05 6.06 1.79 -5.25 Example 48 0.95 2.689 2.83 2.75925 8.27 13.05 6 1.79 -5.25 Example 49 0.05 0.215 4.3 2.2575 8.7 13.05 7.78 1.48 -6.9 Example 50 0.2 0.844 4.22 2.532 8.7 13.05 6.95 1.5 -6.9 Example 51 0.35 1.400 4 2.7 8.7 13.05 6.44 1.54 -6.9 Example 52 0.5 1.860 3.72 2.79 8.7 13.05 6.14 1.57 -6.9 Example 53 0.75 2.445 3.26 2.8525 8.7 13.05 5.91 1.6 -6.9 Example 54 0.95 2.793 2.94 2.8665 8.7 13.05 5.86 1.61 -6.9 Example 55 0.45 1.481 3.29 2.38525 8.27 13.05 6.54 1.95 -5.25 Example 56 0.25 0.908 3.63 2.26875 8.27 13.05 7.18 1.86 -5.25 Example 57 0.4 1.352 3.38 2.366 7.83 13.05 6.54 1.93 -3.95 Example 58 0.7 2.072 2.96 2.516 7.83 11.96 6.55 2.28 -4.35 Example 59 0.15 0.593 3.95 2.27125 8.27 10.88 7.73 2.05 -6.27 Example 60 0.1 0.390 3.9 2.145 7.83 10.88 7.92 2.19 -4.77

[0160] [Table 8]

[0161] N° <![CDATA[V 01 ]]> <![CDATA[V 11 ]]> <![CDATA[K1]]> <![CDATA[V 02 ]]> <![CDATA[K2]]> <![CDATA[V 12 ]]> <![CDATA[V 03 ]]> <![CDATA[V 13 ]]> <![CDATA[K3]]> (unit) (μm) <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> (μm) (μm) <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> (μm) <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> (μm) Example 31 20.8 68.3 -53.2 7.1 20.6 91.8 -24.7 -510.5 -127.7 Example 32 20.3 66.7 -51.8 7.3 20.4 93.4 -24.7 -510.5 -126.9 Example 33 19.6 63.2 -51.2 7.8 20.5 99.1 -24.7 -510.5 -127.5 Example 34 18.8 58.8 -51.0 8.4 20.6 104.4 -24.7 -510.5 -127.9 Example 35 17.6 52.3 -50.9 9.3 20.8 110.9 -24.7 -510.5 -128.5 Example 36 17.0 48.6 -50.9 9.8 20.9 114.3 -24.7 -510.5 -129.2 Example 37 20.0 61.1 -55.7 7.5 20.5 88.0 -20.6 -430.5 -123.1 Example 38 19.5 59.8 -54.4 7.6 20.3 88.9 -20.6 -430.5 -122.2 Example 39 18.9 57.1 -53.5 8.1 20.4 93.2 -20.6 -430.5 -122.7 Example 40 18.1 53.0 -53.0 8.7 20.5 98.0 -20.6 -430.5 -123.2 Example 41 17.0 47.2 -52.5 9.6 20.6 103.6 -20.6 -430.5 -123.8 Example 42 16.4 43.7 -52.2 10.2 20.8 107.4 -20.6 -430.5 -124.8 Example 43 20.3 64.8 -54.1 7.1 20.3 88.0 -25.1 -535.0 -126.8 Example 44 19.9 63.8 -52.8 7.3 20.2 89.3 -25.1 -535.0 -126.2 Example 45 19.2 60.2 -52.0 7.7 20.2 93.6 -25.1 -535.0 -126.1 Example 46 18.4 55.8 -51.6 8.3 20.3 98.6 -25.1 -535.0 -126.5 Example 47 17.3 49.8 -51.4 9.2 20.4 104.9 -25.1 -535.0 -127.3 Example 48 16.7 46.4 -51.2 9.7 20.6 108.1 -25.1 -535.0 -128.0 Example 49 20.6 68.2 -52.2 6.5 19.9 84.7 -30.0 -652.8 -129.5 Example 50 20.1 66.8 -50.9 6.7 19.8 86.8 -30.0 -652.8 -129.0 Example 51 19.4 63.1 -50.3 7.2 19.8 91.9 -30.0 -652.8 -129.2 Example 52 18.6 58.6 -50.1 7.8 19.9 97.1 -30.0 -652.8 -129.5 Example 53 17.5 52.3 -50.1 8.7 20.1 104.1 -30.0 -652.8 -130.4 Example 54 16.9 48.8 -50.1 9.3 20.3 107.9 -30.0 -652.8 -131.4 Example 55 17.4 48.5 -53.1 9.7 21.0 112.3 -25.1 -535.0 -130.1 Example 56 18.8 55.2 -54.9 8.6 20.9 102.7 -25.1 -535.0 -129.4 Example 57 17.4 49.4 -52.5 8.6 19.9 96.3 -20.6 -430.5 -120.2 Example 58 17.5 47.3 -55.0 11.1 22.5 119.8 -18.0 -355.5 -130.3 Example 59 21.0 66.6 -56.2 8.9 22.5 108.2 -16.4 -313.4 -128.9 Example 60 20.8 65.6 -56.3 8.6 22.1 101.0 -14.5 -272.2 -125.3

[0162] [Table 9]

[0163]

[0164] [Table 10]

[0165]

[0166] Finally, Table 11, Table 12, Table 13, and Table 14 show another 34 examples (Example 61 to Example 94), listing the same parameters as Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6, respectively.

[0167] [Table 11]

[0168] N° ratio <![CDATA[r0]]> <![CDATA[r1]]> <![CDATA[r eq ]]> <![CDATA[r2]]> <![CDATA[r3]]> <![CDATA[Δn0]]> <![CDATA[Δn2]]> <![CDATA[Δn3]]> (unit) (μm) (μm) (μm) (μm) (μm) (x1000) (x1000) (x1000) Example 61 0.5 1.610 3.22 2.415 7.83 10.88 7.04 2.38 -4.77 Example 62 0.3 1.062 3.54 2.301 8.27 11.96 7.04 2.09 -5.74 Example 63 0.6 1.938 3.23 2.584 7.83 10.88 6.47 1.99 -4.77 Example 64 0.3 1.236 4.12 2.678 8.27 10.88 6.9 1.76 -6.27 Example 65 0.25 0.785 3.14 1.9625 7.83 10.88 7.66 2.33 -4.77 Example 66 0.1 0.407 4.07 2.2385 7.83 10.88 7.72 2.05 -4.77 Example 67 0.25 0.928 3.71 2.31875 7.83 10.88 7.25 2.39 -4.77 Example 68 0.95 2.584 2.72 2.652 7.83 10.88 6.18 2.28 -4.77 Example 69 0.7 2.289 3.27 2.7795 8.7 10.88 6.27 1.98 -8.39 Example 70 0.7 2.156 3.08 2.618 7.83 13.05 6.58 2.16 -3.95 Example 71 0.1 0.506 5.06 2.783 8.27 13.05 7.74 1.18 -5.25 Example 72 0.2 0.828 4.14 2.484 7.83 11.96 7.43 1.94 -4.35 Example 73 0.3 1.332 4.44 2.886 8.27 13.05 6.39 1.43 -5.25 Example 74 0.1 0.441 4.41 2.4255 8.7 13.05 7.39 1.6 -6.9 Example 75 0.4 1.652 4.13 2.891 8.7 13.05 6.48 1.21 -6.9 Example 76 0.5 1.720 3.44 2.58 7.83 13.05 6.39 2.17 -3.95 Example 77 0.1 0.480 4.8 2.64 8.27 10.88 7.86 1.66 -6.27 Example 78 0.6 2.292 3.82 3.056 7.83 11.96 6.54 1.87 -4.35 Example 79 0.9 2.763 3.07 2.9165 8.27 10.88 6.21 2.13 -6.27 Example 80 0.4 1.612 4.03 2.821 8.27 11.96 6.44 1.82 -5.74 Example 81 0.45 1.899 4.22 3.0595 8.27 13.05 6.17 1.4 -5.25 Example 82 0.4 1.664 4.16 2.912 8.27 13.05 6.55 1.34 -5.25 Example 83 0.3 1.305 4.35 2.8275 8.7 11.96 6.54 1.65 -7.58 Example 84 0.6 2.394 3.99 3.192 8.7 11.96 6.15 1.44 -7.58 Example 85 0.7 2.345 3.35 2.8475 8.7 11.96 6.42 1.6 -7.58 Example 86 0.1 0.434 4.34 2.387 7.83 13.05 8.16 1.76 -3.95 Example 87 0.85 2.992 3.52 3.256 8.7 13.05 5.99 1.23 -6.9 Example 88 0.1 0.448 4.48 2.464 8.7 10.88 7.93 1.74 -8.39 Example 89 0.25 1.150 4.6 2.875 8.27 10.88 7.11 1.74 -6.27 Example 90 0.2 0.894 4.47 2.682 7.83 11.96 7.15 1.74 -4.35 Example 91 0.45 1.733 3.85 2.79125 8.7 11.96 6.75 1.57 -7.58 Example 92 0.9 2.790 3.1 2.945 8.27 13.05 6.09 1.69 -5.25 Example 93 0.75 2.790 3.72 3.255 8.7 11.96 6.26 1.44 -7.58 Example 94 0.25 1.070 4.28 2.675 7.83 10.88 7.53 2.04 -4’.77

[0169] [Table 12]

[0170] N° <![CDATA[V 01 ]]> <![CDATA[V 11 ]]> <![CDATA[K1]]> <![CDATA[V 02 ]]> <![CDATA[K2]]> <![CDATA[V 12 ]]> <![CDATA[V 03 ]]> <![CDATA[V 13 ]]> <![CDATA[K3]]> (unit) (μm) <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> (μm) (μm) <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> (μm) <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> (μm) Example 61 18.9 52.9 -57.8 11.0 23.3 121.2 -14.5 -272.2 -130.9 Example 62 18.8 54.9 -55.0 9.9 22.1 116.8 -21.2 -428.5 -131.7 Example 63 18.0 51.3 -54.0 9.2 20.9 101.2 -14.5 -272.2 -118.8 Example 64 21.0 70.3 -52.6 7.3 21.0 90.5 -16.4 -313.4 -121.2 Example 65 17.8 46.0 -58.0 10.9 22.5 119.9 -14.5 -272.2 -127.0 Example 66 21.0 68.7 -54.3 7.7 21.4 91.7 -14.5 -272.2 -121.5 Example 67 20.1 62.2 -55.6 9.8 22.9 113.6 -14.5 -272.2 -129.2 Example 68 16.5 44.3 -52.5 11.7 22.4 122.9 -14.5 -272.2 -126.6 Example 69 18.4 54.7 -53.0 10.8 22.7 128.7 -18.3 -358.1 -131.8 Example 70 18.2 51.1 -55.5 10.3 22.1 111.9 -20.6 -430.5 -131.1 Example 71 24.2 92.4 -49.4 3.8 19.5 50.5 -25.1 -535.0 -122.8 Example 72 21.7 72.1 -54.6 7.2 21.2 85.7 -18.0 -355.5 -124.2 Example 73 20.7 73.5 -47.4 5.5 18.9 69.6 -25.1 -535.0 -119.6 Example 74 21.1 72.8 -50.7 6.9 20.6 90.0 -30.0 -652.8 -132.9 Example 75 20.2 67.4 -51.0 5.5 18.7 70.9 -30.0 -652.8 -123.4 Example 76 18.4 54.8 -52.6 9.5 21.5 107.4 -20.6 -430.5 -127.9 Example 77 24.3 91.1 -51.3 5.8 21.6 75.3 -16.4 -313.4 -124.3 Example 78 21.4 71.8 -53.5 7.5 21.4 87.4 -18.0 -355.5 -125.1 Example 79 18.4 54.8 -53.1 11.1 23.1 125.6 -16.4 -313.4 -131.7 Example 80 20.4 68.6 -50.6 7.7 21.0 94.9 -21.2 -428.5 -126.0 Example 81 20.5 71.7 -48.2 5.7 19.0 70.8 -25.1 -535.0 -120.1 Example 82 20.7 70.1 -51.3 5.5 19.0 68.5 -25.1 -535.0 -120.1 Example 83 21.0 74.1 -48.8 7.2 20.8 93.7 -24.7 -510.5 -128.9 Example 84 20.8 71.9 -49.6 6.8 20.3 86.1 -24.7 -510.5 -126.2 Example 85 19.1 57.4 -54.2 8.6 21.0 103.1 -24.7 -510.5 -129.5 Example 86 22.9 77.8 -56.3 6.1 21.0 74.8 -20.6 -430.5 -125.8 Example 87 19.8 65.8 -50.2 6.4 19.3 77.9 -30.0 -652.8 -126.3 Example 88 23.0 80.9 -53.9 7.3 22.3 96.8 -18.3 -358.1 -129.9 Example 89 23.4 86.5 -50.6 6.4 21.6 82.2 -16.4 -313.4 -124.5 Example 90 22.3 79.4 -50.9 5.8 20.3 71.9 -18.0 -355.5 -119.6 Example 91 20.5 65.6 -54.4 7.6 20.9 95.6 -24.7 -510.5 -129.4 Example 92 18.2 54.4 -52.0 8.7 20.6 99.3 -25.1 -535.0 -127.9 Example 93 21.0 71.3 -51.8 7.2 20.9 89.1 -24.7 -510.5 -129.0 Example 94 23.4 81.4 -55.6 7.2 22.5 87.7 -14.5 -272.2 -126.9

[0171] [Table 13]

[0172]

[0173] [Table 14]

[0174]

[0175] The ranges of values ​​for the different parameters used in the 94 examples listed in the above tables are presented in Tables 15, 16, 17 and 18 below.

[0176] [Table 15]

[0177] parameter <![CDATA[r0 / r1]]> <![CDATA[r0]]> <![CDATA[r1]]> <![CDATA[r eq ]]> <![CDATA[r2]]> <![CDATA[r3]]> <![CDATA[Δn0]]> <![CDATA[Δn2]]> <![CDATA[Δn3]]> unit μm μm μm μm μm (×1000) (×1000) (×1000) Minimum 0.05 0.19 2.61 1.94 7.83 10.88 5.86 1.18 -8.39 Maximum 0.95 2.99 5.06 3.26 8.70 13.05 8.42 2.39 -3.95

[0178] [Table 16]

[0179] parameter <![CDATA[V 01 ]]> <![CDATA[V 11 ]]> <![CDATA[V 02 ]]> <![CDATA[V 12 ]]> <![CDATA[V 03 ]]> <![CDATA[V 13 ]]> <![CDATA[K1]]> <![CDATA[K2]]> <![CDATA[K3 <!-- 20 -->]]> unit (μm) <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> (μm) (μm) <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> (μm) <![CDATA[(μm 2 )]]> (μm) Minimum 16.3 42.4 3.8 50.5 -30 -652.8 -58.3 18.7 -132.9 Maximum 24.3 92.4 11.8 128.7 -14.5 -277.2 -47.4 23.3 -118.8

[0180] [Table 17]

[0181]

[0182] [Table 18]

[0183]

[0184] Thus, it can be seen from the examples of Tables 3 to 14 and the ranges presented in Tables 15 to 18 that the parameters of the radius and the refractive index of the core and cladding of the optical fiber according to the present invention make it possible to obtain a ZDW shifted towards higher wavelengths compared to the prior art optical fibers according to the G.652 and G.657 recommendations.

[0185] In fact, according to the G.657.A1 recommendation, the standard fibre presents a ZDW comprised between 1300 nm and 1324 nm, whereas the fibre according to the invention presents a ZDW comprised between 1340 nm and 1359 nm, as shown in Table 17. This shift in ZDW makes it possible to obtain a fibre optimized for use in the O and E bands.

[0186] In addition, in Examples 1 to 94, the zero dispersion slope (ZDS) of the optical fiber according to the present invention is mostly lower than 0.092 ps / (nm 2 .km), which is contrary to the properties of G652 or G657. Therefore, in particular for the completely different ZDW and in most cases for ZDS, the fiber according to the invention does not comply with the dispersion properties of G652 and G657.

[0187] Furthermore, the present invention also enables obtaining optical fibers having MFD, cable cutoff and bending losses similar to those in the G.652 and G.657 recommendations. More specifically, as shown in Tables 1 and 18, the optical fibers according to the present invention meet the macrobend requirements of G657A1 or G657A2.

[0188] The present invention thus makes it possible to obtain a single-mode optical fiber similar to the standard optical fibers recommended by G.652 and G.657, but which is optimized to operate at higher wavelengths in the O and E bands thanks to a higher ZDW obtained in a manner having specific radii (r0, r1, r2, r3) and refractive indices (Δn0, Δn2, Δn3) in the core 10 and cladding 20 of the optical fiber 1.

Claims

1. A single-mode optical fiber, comprising: a core (10) having a refractive index n, wherein the core comprises a region where the value of n decreases from a value n0 at a radius r0 to a value n2 at a radius r1; and - a cladding (20) having a refractive index n', said cladding comprising: o a first cladding layer (21), wherein the refractive index n' is equal to n2; o a second cladding layer (22), wherein the refractive index n' is equal to a value n3 lower than n2; and o a third cladding layer (23), wherein the refractive index n' is equal to a value n4 higher than n3; wherein the radius r1 of the core is comprised between 2.5 μm and 5.5 μm; and The refractive index difference Δn0 = n0-n4 is greater than 5.8×10 -3 ;and The refractive index difference Δn2 = n2-n4 is 1×10 -3 and 2.5×10 -3 between; and wherein the refractive index difference Δn3=n3-n4 is less than 0; and The refractive index profiles of the core and cladding are defined by the following profile parameters: K1=V 11 -5.85×H 01 K2=V 02 +0.65×V 01 K3=V 03 -5×K2 in V 01 is the surface integral of the core; V 11 is the volume fraction of the core; V 02 is the surface integral of the first cladding layer; V 03 is the surface integral of the second cladding layer; And the parameters satisfy the following inequalities: -59<K1<-47 18<K2<24 -133<K3<-118。 2. The single-mode optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the third cladding layer (23) is composed of silica.

3. A single-mode optical fiber according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the profile of the refractive index of the core is trapezoidal and has a ratio comprised between 0 and 1, and preferably between 0.05 and 0.95, wherein said ratio is equal to r0 / r1.

4. A single-mode optical fiber according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the profile of the refractive index of the core presents rounded edges.

5. A single-mode optical fiber according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the profile of the refractive index of the core presents a refractive index from the center of the core to a radius r D The inner foveal area, where r D is less than r0, and wherein the refractive index n of the core exhibits a value equal to n at the center of the core 0D The minimum value of n 0D Less than n0.

6. A single mode optical fiber according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the region of reduced refractive index is obtained by gradually varying the concentration of at least two dopants.

7. The single-mode optical fiber according to claim 6, wherein the at least two dopants are selected from the following elements and / or molecules: - Germanium oxide (GeO2); - fluorine (F); -Phosphorus oxide (P X O Y ); - Boron oxide (B X O Y ); -Alumina (Al2O3).

8. A single-mode optical fiber according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said optical fiber has a chromatic dispersion comprised between -9 ps / (nm.km) and +3 ps / (nm.km) in the wavelength range from 1268 nm to 1375 nm.

9. A single-mode optical fiber according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mode field diameter (MFD) of said optical fiber at a wavelength of 1310 nm is comprised between 8.6 μm and 9.2 μm, and preferably is 9 μm.

10. The single-mode optical fiber according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the optical fiber has a cable cut-off wavelength comprised between 1170 nm and 1260 nm.

11. A single-mode optical fiber according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the optical fiber has a zero dispersion wavelength comprised between 1340 nm and 1360 nm.

12. An optical fiber transmission system, wherein the optical fiber transmission system comprises at least one single-mode optical fiber according to any one of the preceding claims.

13. The optical fiber transmission system of claim 12, wherein the transmission system has a maximum transmitter dispersion loss of 1.5 dB.

Images