Tailing pond classification and grading method based on environment supervision

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental supervision, in particular to a tailing pond classification and grading method based on environmental supervision, which comprises the following steps: identifying leaching rules and environmental influences of specific pollutants of differentiated tailing types, capturing geographical and surrounding environmental data around a tailing pond through geographical information, calculating environmental sensitivity indexes, and classifying the tailing pond according to the environmental sensitivity indexes. Analyzing the potential influence degree of the tailings pond, and generating an environment supervision level framework. According to the method, geography and surrounding environment data around the tailings pond are captured through remote sensing of geographic information and the like, a machine learning algorithm data mining technology is utilized, the data are preprocessed, key indexes are screened, the weight of each evaluation index factor is optimized, and a qualitative and quantitative tailings pond environment risk evaluation index system is constructed. The algorithm calculates the comprehensive score of the environmental supervision risk of each tailing pond, analyzes the potential influence degree of the tailing pond, improves the pertinence and accuracy of data utilization, improves the environmental management efficiency of the tailing pond, and prevents the environmental risk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental supervision, and in particular to a classification and grading method of tailings ponds based on environmental supervision. Background Art

[0002] The field of environmental regulation technology involves the use of various tools and strategies to protect the environment and ensure that industrial activities, urban development, and the use of natural resources comply with legal provisions and sustainability principles. The core of this field is to monitor and control the impacts on the environment, including the emission of pollutants, the consumption of natural resources, and the destruction of ecosystems. Environmental regulation technology can include data collection and analysis technologies such as remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS), as well as pollution prevention and environmental restoration technologies, enabling regulators to implement and enforce environmental policies, evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management plans, and take action against violations.

[0003] Among them, the classification and grading method of tailings ponds refers to the classification and grading of tailings ponds, with the purpose of effectively managing and reducing the potential risks of tailings ponds to the environment. The method is based on factors such as the type of ore, operating status and sensitivity of the surrounding environment of the tailings pond, and through qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, the tailings ponds are differentiated to achieve environmental supervision classification and grading. This classification can guide environmental regulatory agencies to give priority to high-risk tailings ponds and implement targeted regulatory measures such as regular inspections, pollution control and emergency response strategies, thereby improving the environmental management level of tailings ponds and reducing the occurrence of environmental pollution incidents.

[0004] Existing technologies in the field of environmental regulation technology rely on traditional data collection and analysis technologies, such as remote sensing and geographic information (GIS). Although these technologies can provide the necessary data support, they are unable to cope with real-time data processing and risk prediction. Traditional methods lack sufficient flexibility and adaptability when processing complex environmental data, and it is difficult to conduct in-depth analysis and real-time updates for specific environmental variables. Existing regulatory strategies mostly rely on regular inspections and pollution control, which are slow to respond to and prevent sudden environmental incidents and cannot effectively control or reduce environmental risks caused by tailings ponds. For example, when the influencing factors are not updated and analyzed in a timely manner, regulators cannot quickly identify changes in risk levels, resulting in insufficient deployment of emergency measures and increased risks of environmental incidents. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings in the prior art and to propose a tailings pond classification and grading method based on environmental supervision.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme, a method for classifying and grading tailings ponds based on environmental supervision, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Capture geographic and environmental data around the tailings pond through geographic information, calculate the environmental sensitivity index, analyze the potential impact of the tailings pond, and generate a regional sensitivity level framework;

[0008] S2: Based on the regional sensitivity level framework, combined with the geographical location of the tailings pond, the leakage records of toxic and hazardous substances and the situation of nearby residential areas, the risk level is divided and evaluated to obtain the risk assessment results;

[0009] S3: Based on the risk tailings pond identified in the risk assessment results, check the tailings scattering, tailings pond anti-seepage, leachate collection facilities, and wastewater discharge, measure the concentration of toxic and hazardous substances in the tailings, assess the leakage risk, and generate tailings pond environmental analysis results;

[0010] S4: Combine the environmental analysis results of the tailings pond and the regional sensitivity level framework, use the environmental impact assessment and risk assessment model to predict the potential environmental impact of the differentiated tailings pond, predict the risk diffusion path, and obtain the potential environmental impact results of the tailings pond;

[0011] S5: Based on the potential environmental impact results of the tailings pond, design a tailings pond monitoring plan, determine the location of key monitoring points and monitoring frequency, select matching monitoring equipment, and formulate a tailings pond monitoring implementation plan;

[0012] S6: According to the tailings pond monitoring implementation plan, regularly capture monitoring data, analyze data change trends, adjust the operation and emergency measures of the tailings pond, and obtain the environmental supervision level of the tailings pond.

[0013] As a further scheme of the present invention, the regional sensitivity level framework includes soil type rating, water source proximity, and original pollution indicators; the risk assessment results include physical location sensitivity, leakage assessment, and adjacent residential area impact rating; the tailings pond environmental analysis results include structural integrity assessment, drainage system efficiency, and tailings chemical stability; the potential environmental impact results of the tailings pond include geological stability analysis, hydrological condition variations, and potential diffusion pathways; the tailings pond monitoring implementation plan includes key monitoring point positioning, monitoring frequency setting, and applicable monitoring technology selection; the tailings pond environmental supervision level includes data trend analysis, operation adjustment indicators, and emergency response level.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention, the steps of capturing geographical and environmental data around the tailings pond through geographic information, calculating the environmental sensitivity index, analyzing the potential impact of the tailings pond, and generating a regional sensitivity level framework are specifically as follows:

[0015] S101: Capture geographic and environmental data around the tailings pond through geographic information, record the location and original pollution status of each sample point, mark the coordinates of the samples using GPS equipment, and organize the marked data to generate an environmental data set;

[0016] S102: extracting the content data of toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals and cyanide in soil and groundwater from the environmental data set, comparing and classifying the data, assessing the environmental sensitivity levels of multiple sample points, evaluating the sensitivity of the differentiated levels, and obtaining sensitivity classification results;

[0017] S103: Based on the sensitivity classification results, the potential impact of the tailings pond on the environment is evaluated. By analyzing the geological structure and climatic factors of multiple sensitive areas, the degree of impact is quantified to obtain a regional sensitivity level framework.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention, according to the regional sensitivity level framework, combined with the physical location of the tailings pond, the leakage of toxic and hazardous substances and the situation of nearby residential areas, the risk level is divided and evaluated, and the steps of obtaining the risk assessment result are specifically as follows:

[0019] S201: Based on the regional sensitivity level framework, the physical location of each measurement point, including coordinates and corresponding height, is recorded through the geographic information around the tailings pond. Combined with the records of toxic and hazardous substance leakage and the impact assessment on the surrounding environment, the data is sorted and input into the information management platform to obtain a risk analysis data set;

[0020] S202: Analyze the spatial relationship between multiple leakage points and nearby residential areas using the risk analysis data set, and build a preliminary risk level framework by referring to the leakage material type, leakage amount, and migration and transformation rules of toxic and hazardous substances;

[0021] S203: By analyzing the data in the preliminary framework of risk levels, combining the topography, hydrological conditions and original leakage data, the risk weighted value of each area is calculated, the potential impact on residential areas is evaluated, and the risk assessment results are obtained.

[0022] As a further solution of the present invention, based on the risk tailings pond identified in the risk assessment result, the steps of determining the chemical activity of toxic and hazardous substances in the tailings, assessing the leakage risk, and generating the tailings pond environmental analysis result are specifically as follows:

[0023] S301: Based on the risk tailings pond in the risk assessment results, a professional engineering team is organized to inspect key links of the tailings pond such as dust prevention, anti-seepage, and wastewater discharge, and data is recorded using measuring tools and visual inspections to obtain physical inspection data of the tailings pond;

[0024] S302: Based on the physical inspection data of the tailings pond, capture tailings samples and perform chemical analysis in the laboratory, including pH value determination, heavy metal content detection and toxic substance concentration assessment of the tailings, and generate chemical stability results of the tailings pond;

[0025] S303: Based on the chemical stability results of the tailings pond, a risk assessment tool is used to analyze, calculate the leakage and environmental impact of the tailings pond, evaluate the environmental status of the tailings pond, and form an environmental analysis result of the tailings pond.

[0026] As a further solution of the present invention, the steps of combining the environmental analysis results of the tailings pond and the regional sensitivity level framework, using the environmental impact assessment model, predicting the potential environmental impact of the differentiated tailings pond, predicting the risk diffusion path, and obtaining the potential environmental impact results of the tailings pond are specifically as follows:

[0027] S401: Based on the environmental analysis results of the tailings pond and the regional sensitivity level framework, record the geological structure and hydrological conditions of each tailings pond, including soil type, groundwater flow direction, soil layer thickness and rock composition, and obtain geological and hydrological data through field measurements and original data compilation;

[0028] S402: Using the geological and hydrological data, applying the finite difference method, simulating the pollutant propagation path under the condition of multiple tailings ponds, referring to the permeability of differentiated soils and rocks, analyzing the impact of groundwater flow on pollution diffusion, and obtaining pollution diffusion analysis results through field evaluation and desktop research;

[0029] S403: Based on the pollution diffusion analysis results, predict the environmental impact of the tailings pond under the current geological and hydrological conditions, including the impact on the surrounding ecology and the assessment of potential threats to residential areas. By combining related data for risk assessment, generate the environmental impact prediction results of the tailings pond.

[0030] As a further solution of the present invention, the formula of the finite difference method is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, P represents the result of pollution diffusion analysis, K represents the permeability coefficient of pollutants in soil, A represents the initial concentration of the pollution source, α represents the attenuation coefficient of soil adsorption, d represents the distance from the pollution source to the reference point, and D t Represents the pollutant diffusion time.

[0033] As a further solution of the present invention, based on the potential environmental impact results of the tailings pond, a tailings pond monitoring plan is designed, the locations of key monitoring points and monitoring frequencies are determined, matching monitoring equipment is selected, and the steps of formulating a tailings pond monitoring implementation plan are specifically as follows:

[0034] S501: Based on the potential environmental impact results of the tailings pond, a multivariate spatial analysis method is applied to select key monitoring points of the tailings pond and surrounding sensitive areas, which are selected according to the geological and hydrological characteristics of the tailings pond target, including the original recorded pollution events and areas susceptible to pollution, calibrate the coordinates of each point, and obtain key monitoring point data;

[0035] S502: According to the key monitoring point data, the monitoring frequency is determined through the environmental background and the activity status of the tailings pond, and the monitoring equipment for monitoring heavy metal content, pH value, and dissolved oxygen environmental indicators is selected to obtain the monitoring strategy and equipment configuration plan;

[0036] S503: According to the monitoring strategy and equipment configuration plan, monitoring equipment is installed at key points to capture data and generate a tailings pond monitoring implementation plan.

[0037] As a further solution of the present invention, the formula of the multivariate spatial analysis method is as follows:

[0038]

[0039] Among them, R represents the pollution risk value, C s Represents the pollution source concentration at the target monitoring point, D s Represents the distance from the monitoring point to the pollution source, F e represents the ecological sensitivity of the area where the monitoring point is located, and W1, W2, and W3 are the weight coefficients of concentration, distance, and ecological sensitivity, respectively.

[0040] As a further solution of the present invention, according to the tailings pond monitoring implementation plan, the steps of regularly capturing monitoring data, analyzing data change trends, adjusting the operation and emergency measures of the tailings pond, and obtaining the environmental supervision level of the tailings pond are specifically as follows:

[0041] S601: Based on the tailings pond monitoring implementation plan, key environmental parameters are captured from designated monitoring points, heavy metal sensors and data acquisition equipment are installed, and the captured data are transmitted to a central database in real time through a wireless network connection, and data formatting is performed to generate an environmental monitoring data set;

[0042] S602: Screening and analyzing key change trends from the environmental monitoring data set, identifying abnormalities and risk growth trends, determining the links that need to be adjusted in the operation of the tailings pond, and forming risk trend analysis results;

[0043] S603: Based on the risk points identified in the risk trend analysis results, update and adjust the operation strategy and emergency measures of the tailings pond, optimize the real-time monitoring and management of environmental risks, and obtain the environmental supervision level of the tailings pond.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0045] In the present invention, geographic information is used to capture geographic and environmental data around the tailings pond, and the data is used to calculate the environmental sensitivity index, so as to achieve accurate analysis of the potential impact of the tailings pond, improve the pertinence and accuracy of data utilization, and enhance the timeliness and effectiveness of regulatory measures. By combining physical locations and original data, the environmental risk level is finely divided, making the environmental risk assessment more comprehensive, thereby effectively identifying high-risk tailings ponds, and carrying out special supervision on tailings ponds. The determination of the chemical activity of tailings provides direct knowledge of the structure of the tailings pond and the potential leakage risk, making preventive measures more forward-looking and targeted. Through environmental impact assessment and risk assessment models, potential environmental impacts are predicted, which not only enhances the analysis of risk diffusion paths, but also optimizes the formulation of emergency response strategies, improves the environmental management level of tailings ponds, and reduces the possibility of environmental accidents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main steps of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the refinement of S1 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the refinement of S2 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the refinement of S3 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the refinement of S4 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 It is a detailed schematic diagram of S5 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 It is a detailed schematic diagram of S6 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0055] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution, a method for classifying and grading tailings ponds based on environmental supervision, comprising the following steps:

[0056] S1: Use geographic information to capture geographic and environmental data around the tailings pond, including soil type, water source location and original pollution data. Use the data to calculate the environmental sensitivity index of each region, reflect the potential impact of the tailings pond and analyze it to generate a regional sensitivity level framework;

[0057] S2: Based on the regional sensitivity level framework, combined with the physical location of the tailings pond, leakage records and the situation of nearby residential areas, the risk level is divided, and the risk level and influencing factors are integrated and evaluated to obtain the risk assessment results;

[0058] S3: Based on the risk tailings ponds identified in the risk assessment results, physical inspections are carried out to determine the chemical activity of the tailings and assess the leakage risk. Through the inspections, environmental analysis results of the tailings ponds are generated;

[0059] S4: Combine the environmental analysis results of the tailings dam and the regional sensitivity level framework, use the environmental impact assessment model to predict the potential environmental impact under differentiated tailings dam conditions, take geological and hydrological conditions into consideration, predict the risk diffusion path, and obtain the potential environmental impact results of the tailings dam;

[0060] S5: Based on the potential environmental impact results of the tailings pond, design a tailings pond monitoring plan, determine the location of key monitoring points and monitoring frequency, select matching monitoring equipment, capture key environmental changes, and formulate a tailings pond monitoring implementation plan based on the characteristics of the tailings pond and the surrounding environmental requirements;

[0061] S6: According to the tailings pond monitoring implementation plan, regularly capture monitoring data, analyze data change trends, adjust the operation and emergency measures of the tailings pond, reflect real-time monitoring of environmental risks, and obtain the environmental supervision level of the tailings pond.

[0062] The regional sensitivity level framework includes soil type rating, proximity to water sources, and original pollution indicators. The risk assessment results include physical location sensitivity, original leakage assessment, and adjacent residential area impact rating. The tailings pond environmental analysis results include structural integrity assessment, drainage system efficiency, and tailings chemical stability. The potential environmental impact results of the tailings pond include geological stability analysis, hydrological condition variations, and potential diffusion pathways. The tailings pond monitoring implementation plan includes the location of key monitoring points, monitoring frequency setting, and selection of applicable monitoring technologies. The tailings pond environmental supervision level includes data trend analysis, operation adjustment indicators, and emergency response level.

[0063] Specifically, if Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the steps of capturing geographical and environmental data around the tailings pond through geographic information, calculating the environmental sensitivity index, analyzing the potential impact of the tailings pond, and generating a regional sensitivity level framework are as follows:

[0064] S101: Capture geographic and environmental data around the tailings pond through geographic information, record the location and original pollution status of each sample point, mark the coordinates of the sample using a GPS device, and organize the marked data to generate the environmental data set. The execution process is as follows;

[0065] The geographic and environmental data around the tailings pond are captured through a geographic information system. The exact coordinates of each sample point are marked by using GPS equipment in the field, and the specific location of each point and the original pollution status of the environment are recorded. The process involves precise measurement and collection of data, systematic marking and cataloging of the collected sample data, and data collation includes the entry of pollutant types and concentrations to ensure the accuracy and reliability of subsequent data processing. The generated environmental data set will serve as the basis for analysis for further environmental impact assessment and sensitivity classification.

[0066] S102: Extract the heavy metal content of soil and the chemical oxygen demand data of water from the environmental data set, compare and classify the data, assess the environmental sensitivity level of multiple sample points, evaluate the sensitivity of the differentiated levels, and obtain the sensitivity classification results. The execution process is as follows;

[0067] Extracting Heavy Metal Content in Soil from Environmental Datasets m and chemical oxygen demand C in water od , according to the formula:

[0068] E=k1C m +k2C od

[0069] Calculate the environmental sensitivity level E, where C m Represents the heavy metal content in the soil, C odrepresents the chemical oxygen demand of the water body, k1 and k2 represent the specific gravity parameters of the two pollutants affecting the environmental sensitivity level;

[0070] Assuming the copper content in the soil sample is 20 mg / kg and the chemical oxygen demand in the water sample is 30 mg / L, substituting the values ​​into the formula, we get: E = 0.5 × 20 + 0.3 × 30 = 19;

[0071] This calculation result shows that the environmental sensitivity level is 19, which is a medium sensitivity level, indicating that the environmental pressure in the area is at a medium level.

[0072] S103: Based on the sensitivity classification results, the potential impact of the tailings pond on the environment is evaluated. By analyzing the geological structure and climate factors of multiple sensitive areas, the degree of impact is quantified and the execution process of the regional sensitivity level framework is obtained as follows;

[0073] The potential impact of tailings ponds on the environment is assessed based on the sensitivity classification results, including analyzing how the geological structure and climatic factors in sensitive areas affect the distribution and migration of pollutants. This involves a comprehensive analysis of geology and meteorology, and a framework for regional sensitivity levels is established through quantitative analysis methods. The process requires in-depth mining and model calculations of existing data to ensure that the actual sensitivity under differentiated environmental conditions can be reflected. The final regional sensitivity level framework provides a scientific basis for policy making and environmental management.

[0074] Specifically, if Figure 3 As shown in the figure, according to the regional sensitivity level framework, combined with the geographical location of the tailings pond, the original leakage record and the situation of nearby residential areas, the risk level is divided and evaluated. The specific steps to obtain the risk assessment results are as follows:

[0075] S201: Based on the regional sensitivity level framework, the physical location of each measurement point, including coordinates and corresponding height, is recorded through the geographic information around the tailings pond. Combined with the original leakage event records and the impact assessment on the surrounding environment, the data is sorted and input into the information management platform to obtain the execution process of the risk analysis data set as follows;

[0076] According to the regional sensitivity level framework, detailed geographic information around the tailings pond is recorded, including the coordinates and height of each measuring point. The steps are implemented through acquisition equipment. Each device accurately records the location information and height data. At the same time, combined with the records of the original leakage event, the impact of the surrounding environment of each measuring point is evaluated. The data is sorted and uploaded to the information management platform. The generated risk analysis data set provides the necessary basic data for further risk assessment and response strategies. The data set includes coordinates, height, leakage material type and leakage amount. The information will be used for subsequent risk assessment and management decisions.

[0077] S202: Using the risk analysis data set, the spatial relationship between multiple leakage points and nearby residential areas is analyzed, and the execution process of constructing a preliminary framework of risk levels is as follows with reference to the type of leakage material and the leakage amount;

[0078] Using the risk analysis dataset, the spatial relationship between multiple leakage points and nearby residential areas was analyzed in detail, including the calculation of the actual geographical distance between the leakage points and the residential areas. With reference to the type of leakage material and leakage events, the information assisted in constructing a preliminary framework of risk levels. This framework will serve as the basis for assessing and responding to environmental risks. This process not only focuses on the risk level of the leakage point itself, but also assesses its impact on the surrounding residential areas. Through analysis, environmental supervision and emergency preparedness can be carried out more effectively.

[0079] S203: By analyzing the data in the preliminary framework of risk levels, combined with topographic, hydrological conditions and original leakage data, the risk weighted value of each area is calculated to assess the potential impact on residential areas, and the execution process of the risk assessment results is as follows;

[0080] By analyzing the preliminary framework of risk levels, combined with topography, hydrological conditions and original leakage data, according to the formula:

[0081] R b =w1G b +w2H b +w3D b

[0082] Calculate the risk weighted value R for each area b , where G b represents the terrain factor, H b represents the hydrological conditions, D b represents the original leakage data index, w1, w2, and w3 represent the weights of each factor;

[0083] Assuming the terrain factor of a certain area to be 0.7, the hydrological condition to be 0.6, the original leakage data index to be 0.5, and the weights to be 0.3, 0.4, and 0.3 respectively, we can get the following formula:

[0084] R b =0.3×0.7+0.4×0.6+0.3×0.5=0.59

[0085] The calculation results show that the environmental risk weighted value of the area is 0.59, which is a medium risk level. This value reflects the potential environmental risk after comprehensive reference to terrain, hydrology and leakage data, and provides a quantitative basis for further risk management.

[0086] Specifically, if Figure 4As shown in the figure, based on the risk tailings pond identified in the risk assessment results, the steps of determining the chemical activity of the tailings, assessing the leakage risk, and generating the environmental analysis results of the tailings pond are as follows:

[0087] S301: Based on the risk tailings pond in the risk assessment results, a professional engineering team is organized to inspect the tailings pond, and data is recorded using measurement tools and visual inspections. The execution process of obtaining the physical inspection data of the tailings pond is as follows;

[0088] Based on the risk assessment results, advanced measurement tools and visual inspection methods are used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. The data is recorded and forms a physical inspection dataset. The dataset not only provides a detailed snapshot of the current status of the tailings pond, but also provides a scientific basis for repair work and future maintenance plans. The collation and analysis of the inspection results helps to determine the maintenance priorities and emergency repair measures of the tailings pond.

[0089] S302: According to the key links of the tailings pond such as dust prevention, anti-seepage, and wastewater discharge, the physical inspection data of the tailings pond is obtained, and the tailings samples are captured and chemically analyzed in the laboratory, including pH value determination, heavy metal content detection, and toxic substance concentration assessment of the tailings. The execution process of generating the chemical stability results of the tailings pond is as follows;

[0090] Based on the physical inspection data of the tailings pond, the tailings samples underwent comprehensive chemical analysis in the laboratory, including the determination of pH value, detection of heavy metal content and assessment of toxic substance concentration. The analysis results were used to generate chemical stability results of the tailings pond, which were obtained by using advanced chemical analysis equipment and precise experimental methods. The chemical stability results not only show the current environmental status of the tailings pond, but also provide a scientific basis for the formulation of further treatment strategies. They can effectively evaluate the potential risks posed by the tailings pond to the surrounding environment and the required environmental protection measures.

[0091] S303: Based on the chemical stability results of the tailings pond, the risk assessment tool is used for analysis, the leakage probability and environmental impact of the tailings pond are calculated, the environmental status of the tailings pond is assessed, and the execution process of the environmental analysis results of the tailings pond is formed as follows;

[0092] According to the chemical stability results of the tailings pond, the risk assessment tool is used for analysis according to the formula:

[0093] P c =α c L c +β c E c

[0094] Calculate the leakage probability of the tailings pond, where P c represents the leakage probability of the tailings pond, L crepresents leakage data, E c represents the environmental sensitivity index, α c and β c They represent the influence coefficients of leakage data and environmental sensitivity on leakage probability respectively;

[0095] Assuming the leakage data is 0.4, the environmental sensitivity index is 0.6, and the weight coefficients are 0.7 and 0.3 respectively, the formula is substituted to calculate:

[0096] P = 0.7 × 0.4 + 0.3 × 0.6 = 0.46

[0097] The calculation results show that the leakage probability of the tailings pond is 46%, which is a medium-to-high risk level. It suggests that corresponding environmental measures need to be taken to reduce risks and enhance the environmental performance of the dam, providing decision makers with a quantitative risk assessment basis.

[0098] Specifically, if Figure 5 As shown in the figure, combined with the environmental analysis results of the tailings pond and the regional sensitivity level framework, the environmental impact assessment model is used to predict the potential environmental impact of the differentiated tailings pond and the risk diffusion path. The specific steps to obtain the potential environmental impact results of the tailings pond are as follows:

[0099] S401: Based on the environmental analysis results of the tailings pond and the regional sensitivity level framework, the geological structure and hydrological conditions of each tailings pond are recorded, including soil type, groundwater flow direction, soil layer thickness and rock composition. The execution process of obtaining geological and hydrological data through field measurement and raw data compilation is as follows;

[0100] Based on the environmental analysis results of the tailings pond and the regional sensitivity level framework, first of all, extensive geological exploration will be carried out, using drilling and geophysical measurement technology to collect underground soil samples and rock samples, monitoring the flow direction and velocity of groundwater through groundwater observation wells, and using geological radar and ground penetrating radar technology to evaluate the thickness of the soil layer and the distribution of rocks. The data will be analyzed by geological experts and hydrologists to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information, thus forming a detailed geological and hydrological database. This database will provide key basic information for the management and monitoring of the tailings pond, ensuring that the changes in geological and hydrological conditions can be fully referenced during the design and operation of the tailings pond, thereby preventing environmental risks.

[0101] S402: Using geological and hydrological data, applying the finite difference method, simulating the pollutant propagation path under the condition of multiple tailings ponds, referring to the permeability of differentiated soils and rocks, analyzing the impact of groundwater flow on pollution diffusion, and obtaining the results of pollution diffusion analysis through field assessment and desktop research. The execution process is as follows;

[0102] The formula for the finite difference method is as follows:

[0103]

[0104] Among them, P represents the result of pollution diffusion analysis, K represents the permeability coefficient of pollutants in soil, A represents the initial concentration of the pollution source, α represents the attenuation coefficient of soil adsorption, d represents the distance from the pollution source to the reference point, and D t Represents the pollutant diffusion time.

[0105] Detailed explanation of the formula and the process of formula calculation and derivation:

[0106] This formula is used to calculate the concentration distribution of pollutants in groundwater. The parameters K, A, α, d and D t All of them are obtained through field monitoring and data collection, ensuring the reality and accuracy of the values;

[0107] K (permeability coefficient of pollutants in soil) is obtained through laboratory testing of soil samples, and the measured value is set to 0.01 m / s, representing the rate at which pollutants pass through the soil per second;

[0108] A (initial concentration of the pollution source) was determined by analyzing water samples from the pollution site, and the measured value was 100 mg / L;

[0109] α (the attenuation coefficient of soil adsorption) is determined by the soil adsorption characteristic experiment and is taken as 0.03

[0110] m -1 , which indicates the ratio of the concentration decay when the pollutant moves one meter in the soil;

[0111] d (the distance from the pollution source to the reference point) is determined based on field measurements and is set to 50 m;

[0112] D t (pollutant diffusion time) was determined based on the original data of the pollution incident and on-site monitoring and was set to 3600s;

[0113] Substitute the above parameter values ​​into the formula for calculation:

[0114]

[0115] The formula calculation process is unfolded step by step as follows:

[0116] Calculate the exponential part: e -0.03·50 =e -1.5 ≈0.22313;

[0117] Calculate the numerator: 0.01 100 0.22313 = 0.22313;

[0118] Calculate the denominator:

[0119] Calculate the final concentration:

[0120] The results show that at a distance of 50 meters from the pollution source, after 3600 seconds of diffusion, the concentration of pollutants in the soil is approximately 0.003719. This value reveals the specific concentration level of pollutant transmission, which is an important basis for environmental scientists and engineers to evaluate and further deal with pollution.

[0121] S403: Based on the results of the pollution diffusion analysis, the environmental impact of the tailings pond under the current geological and hydrological conditions is predicted, including the impact on the surrounding ecology and the assessment of potential threats to residential areas. By combining the associated data for risk assessment, the execution process of generating the environmental impact prediction results of the tailings pond is as follows;

[0122] According to the results of the pollution diffusion analysis, it involves collecting information on all potential pollutants associated with the tailings pond and analyzing their migration and diffusion patterns under specific geological and hydrological conditions. Environmental engineers will use geographic information systems (GIS) and environmental simulation software, combined with geological and hydrological data, to simulate the behavior of pollutants in the environment. By working with local environmental protection agencies and communities, actual data on the status of ecosystems and the health of residents will be collected to strengthen the predictive ability of the model. The model and analysis results will support the formulation of corresponding risk mitigation measures, such as establishing anti-pollution barriers and improving the design of tailings ponds to reduce threats to the environment and public health, and generate environmental impact prediction results for tailings ponds. Through such systematic analysis and evaluation, it can provide policymakers and managers with a scientific basis to formulate more effective environmental protection strategies and emergency response measures.

[0123] Specifically, if Figure 6 As shown in the figure, based on the potential environmental impact results of the tailings pond, the steps of designing a tailings pond monitoring plan, determining the location of key monitoring points and monitoring frequency, selecting matching monitoring equipment, and formulating a tailings pond monitoring implementation plan are as follows:

[0124] S501: Based on the potential environmental impact results of the tailings pond, the multivariate spatial analysis method is applied to select key monitoring points of the tailings pond and surrounding sensitive areas. The key monitoring points are selected according to the geological and hydrological characteristics of the tailings pond target, including the original recorded pollution events and areas susceptible to pollution. The coordinates of each point are calibrated and the execution process of obtaining key monitoring point data is as follows;

[0125] The formula for the multivariate spatial analysis method is as follows:

[0126]

[0127] Among them, R represents the pollution risk value, C s Represents the pollution source concentration at the target monitoring point, D sRepresents the distance from the monitoring point to the pollution source, F e represents the ecological sensitivity of the area where the monitoring point is located, and W1, W2, and W3 are the weight coefficients of concentration, distance, and ecological sensitivity, respectively.

[0128] Detailed explanation of the formula and the process of formula calculation and derivation:

[0129] R represents the pollution risk value, which is the core indicator for environmental monitoring around the tailings pond;

[0130] C s The pollution source concentration at a specific monitoring point is obtained through on-site water quality monitoring equipment, and the measurement result is set to 150 mg / L;

[0131] D s is the distance from the monitoring point to the pollution source, which is calculated by GPS positioning and geographic information system and is set to 200 meters;

[0132] F e Represents the ecological sensitivity of the area where the monitoring point is located. According to the ecological sensitive area classification standards of the environmental protection department, this value is obtained through the ecological impact assessment report and is set to 0.8;

[0133] The weight coefficients W1, W2, and W3 adjust the influence of concentration, distance, and ecological sensitivity in risk assessment, respectively;

[0134] According to the original data analysis and expert advice, W1 = 0.6, W2 = 0.3, and W3 = 0.1 are set. The weights reflect the importance of the differentiation parameters in the pollution risk assessment, among which W1 is the largest, indicating that the concentration has the most significant impact on the pollution risk;

[0135] Calculate the weighted sum of concentration and distance:

[0136] W1·C s +W2·|D s |=0.6·150+0.3·200=90+60=150

[0137] Calculate the weighted square root of ecological sensitivity:

[0138]

[0139] Final contamination risk value R:

[0140]

[0141] The results show that the calculated pollution risk value is 530.04, which is a relatively high risk value, indicating that there is a serious environmental pollution risk near the monitoring point. This value can be used to optimize monitoring strategies and strengthen environmental protection measures to reduce the impact of tailings ponds on the surrounding environment.

[0142] S502: According to the key monitoring point data, the environmental background and the activity status of the tailings pond, the monitoring frequency is determined, and the monitoring equipment for monitoring heavy metal content, pH value, and dissolved oxygen environmental indicators is selected to obtain the execution process of the monitoring strategy and equipment configuration plan as follows;

[0143] According to the data of key monitoring points, first analyze the historical pollution records and current activity status of the tailings pond and its surrounding areas to evaluate the type and amount of pollutants released, formulate a specific monitoring plan, and select professional equipment that can accurately measure the heavy metal content, pH value and dissolved oxygen. Referring to the geographical and meteorological conditions of the tailings pond, select equipment suitable for use in extreme weather and complex terrain to ensure the stable operation of the equipment in differentiated environments and the accuracy of the data. According to the monitoring purpose and budget constraints, formulate a monitoring frequency plan, such as establishing a normalized law enforcement and supervision mechanism, and adjust the monitoring frequency. Supervision and guidance of the first-level environmental supervision tailings pond within the administrative region shall be carried out no less than twice a year, and at least once before the flood season; supervision and guidance of the second-level environmental supervision tailings pond shall be carried out no less than once a year; random inspections shall be carried out on the third-level environmental supervision tailings pond, and priority shall be given to the tailings ponds with many ecological and environmental problems, prominent environmental risks and hidden dangers, and strong public feedback. Real-time grasp of the environmental changes of the tailings pond, form monitoring strategies and equipment configuration plans, aiming to achieve comprehensive and continuous monitoring of the environmental conditions of the tailings pond, and improve monitoring efficiency and response speed.

[0144] S503: According to the monitoring strategy and equipment configuration plan, monitoring equipment is installed at key points to capture data and generate the execution process of the tailings pond monitoring implementation plan as follows;

[0145] According to the monitoring strategy and equipment configuration plan, monitoring equipment that meets specific geological and environmental conditions is selected, including groundwater level monitors, soil moisture and density sensors, and air quality monitors. The equipment selection is based on technical performance and environmental adaptability to ensure stable operation in harsh environments. The professional installation team accurately deploys monitoring equipment near the pollution source, hydrological sensitive areas, and ecological sensitive areas based on geological structures and hydrological flow maps. After debugging, it is ensured that the equipment accurately captures data and transmits it to the monitoring center in real time through the network. The monitoring center is equipped with a data processing and analysis system, which displays and analyzes data in real time and is configured with an automatic alarm function. Once abnormal data is detected, it automatically alarms and notifies management personnel to respond quickly. The monitoring implementation plan also includes regular equipment maintenance and calibration. Through regular inspection and maintenance, equipment failures and performance degradation problems are promptly resolved, and the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data are maintained, providing technical support for the environmental management of the tailings pond, enhancing the effectiveness of environmental protection measures, and ensuring the long-term environmental operation of the tailings pond.

[0146] Specifically, if Figure 7As shown in the figure, according to the tailings pond monitoring implementation plan, the steps of regularly capturing monitoring data, analyzing data change trends, adjusting the operation and emergency measures of the tailings pond, and obtaining the environmental supervision level of the tailings pond are as follows:

[0147] S601: Based on the tailings pond monitoring implementation plan, key environmental parameters are captured from designated monitoring points, heavy metal sensors and data acquisition equipment are installed, and the captured data are transmitted to the central database in real time through a wireless network connection, and data formatting is performed to generate an environmental monitoring data set. The execution process is as follows;

[0148] Based on the tailings pond monitoring implementation plan, key environmental parameters are captured from designated monitoring points, including the installation of heavy metal sensors and the deployment of data acquisition equipment. Through the wireless network, key data are transmitted in real time to the central database for processing. The operation ensures real-time updating and efficient management of monitoring data. The captured data include heavy metal concentration, pH value, temperature and humidity, etc. After formatting, the data generates an environmental monitoring data set. The generation of the data set is achieved through precise data processing and quality control procedures, ensuring the accuracy and availability of the data, and providing a reliable scientific basis for subsequent environmental risk assessment and decision-making.

[0149] S602: Screen and analyze key change trends from environmental monitoring data sets, identify abnormalities and risk growth trends, determine the links that need to be adjusted in the operation of the tailings pond, and form the execution process of risk trend analysis results as follows;

[0150] Screen and analyze key change trends from environmental monitoring data sets according to the formula:

[0151] T=k1·x+k2·D h

[0152] Calculate the risk growth trend T, where x represents the monitored key parameter value, D h represents the rate of change of parameter value, k1 and k2 represent fixed weights in risk assessment;

[0153] Assume that the concentration of a heavy metal x is 150 mg / L, and its rate of change in the past 24 hours is D h The flow rate is 5 mg / L / h, the weight k1 is set to 0.6, and k2 is set to 0.4. Substituting into the formula, we get:

[0154] T=0.6·150+0.4·5=92

[0155] The calculation result shows that the risk growth trend is 92. This indicator is used to evaluate the growth rate of environmental risks in tailings ponds and provides decision makers with a numerical risk warning.

[0156] S603: Based on the risk points identified in the risk trend analysis results, the operation strategy and emergency measures of the tailings pond are updated and adjusted to optimize the real-time monitoring and management of environmental risks. The execution process of the environmental supervision level of the tailings pond is as follows;

[0157] Based on the risk points identified in the risk trend analysis results, the tailings pond operation strategy and emergency measures were updated and adjusted, including optimizing the real-time monitoring and management strategy of environmental risks, and adjusting the existing operating procedures to better respond to potential risks. The adjustment process referred to key data of environmental monitoring, such as the monitoring results of heavy metal content and pollutants, to ensure that all strategies are based on the latest data and risk assessments. The final tailings pond environmental supervision level provides a quantitative and dynamically updated risk management tool that can help managers monitor risk changes in real time and adjust strategies in a timely manner to reduce environmental and public environmental risks.

[0158] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the technical contents disclosed above to change or modify them into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes and apply them to other fields. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for classifying and grading tailings ponds based on environmental supervision, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Through literature research on the association of multivariate information and characteristic pollutants in leaching behavior, and investigation of basic environmental information of tailings ponds, we understand the leaching patterns and environmental impacts of characteristic pollutants of differentiated tailings types, analyze the tailings production process, ore composition, tailings composition, pollutant emissions and prevention and control facilities of differentiated mineral species, and summarize the characteristic pollutants of differentiated mineral species, as well as the size of environmental risks; Capture geographical and environmental data of the tailings pond and its surroundings through remote sensing, drones, and ground inspections to obtain information on the location, boundaries, grade, storage capacity, construction year, and type of the tailings pond, as well as the environmental pollution status of surface water, soil, and groundwater around the tailings pond, and the environmental sensitivity of sensitive targets around the tailings pond. From the perspective of environmental management, tailings ponds are divided into high, medium, and low sensitivity levels; Conduct on-site surveys and satellite-ground synchronous experiments to find out the characteristics, image characteristics, spectral characteristics and surrounding environmental characteristics of tailings ponds that are in use, decommissioned and sealed (closed) according to their production status, investigate and collect information on pollution prevention and control facilities, such as leachate collection facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, groundwater monitoring wells, drainage facilities inside the reservoir, flood interception facilities outside the reservoir, and dust prevention facilities, and generate a qualitative and quantitative classification and grading framework; According to the qualitative and quantitative classification and grading framework, the decision tree and random forest machine learning algorithm data mining technology are applied to pre-process the data, classify and evaluate the environmental risk levels of tailings ponds across the country, and obtain risk assessment results; Based on the weight determination method of analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method, 9 key indicators of 2 levels and 3 categories were selected from more than 30 indicators in 5 aspects, the weight of each evaluation indicator factor was optimized, and a tailings pond environmental risk assessment indicator system combining qualitative and quantitative methods was constructed; K-means clustering and hierarchical clustering algorithms are used to calculate the comprehensive score of the environmental supervision risk of each tailings pond. Combined with the actual local ecological environmental supervision capabilities, the weights are optimized, and the environmental supervision priority of the tailings pond is evaluated and divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary environmental supervision levels.

2. The method for classifying and grading tailings ponds based on environmental supervision according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tailings pond classification framework includes the type of mineral and the degree of environmental sensitivity. The tailings pond category includes the tailings production process of differentiated mineral types, ore composition, tailings composition, tailings pond pollutant emissions and prevention and control facilities. The tailings pond attribute information includes the location, boundary, grade, storage capacity, construction year, and type of tailings pond. The environmental sensitivity includes the distance of the tailings pond site from the main stream of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, the shorelines of key tributaries, transboundary rivers, and sensitive targets of surface water drinking water sources. The tailings pond pollution prevention and control facility information includes leachate collection facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, groundwater monitoring wells, drainage facilities within the reservoir, flood diversion facilities outside the reservoir, and dust prevention facilities. The environmental pollution status of the tailings pond surrounding the tailings pond includes the surface water, soil and groundwater around the tailings pond. The environmental supervision level of the tailings pond includes basic information data of the tailings pond, qualitative and quantitative indicator system, and environmental supervision level.

3. The method for classifying and grading tailings ponds based on environmental supervision according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps to capture the geographical and environmental data around the tailings pond through geographic information, calculate the environmental sensitivity index, analyze the potential impact of the tailings pond, and generate a regional sensitivity level framework are as follows: Capture geographic and environmental data around the tailings pond through geographic information, record the location and original pollution status of each sample point, mark the coordinates of the samples using GPS equipment, and organize the marked data to generate an environmental data set; Extracting the heavy metal content of soil and the chemical oxygen demand data of water from the environmental data set, comparing and classifying the data, assessing the environmental sensitivity levels of multiple sample points, evaluating the sensitivity of the differentiated levels, and obtaining sensitivity classification results; Based on the sensitivity classification results, the potential impact of the tailings pond on the environment is evaluated. By analyzing the geological structure and climatic factors of multiple sensitive areas, the degree of impact is quantified to obtain a regional sensitivity level framework.

4. The method for classifying and grading tailings ponds based on environmental supervision according to claim 3 is characterized in that: According to the regional sensitivity level framework, combined with the geographical location of the tailings pond, the leakage of toxic and hazardous substances and the situation of nearby residential areas, the risk level is divided and evaluated. The specific steps to obtain the risk assessment results are as follows: According to the regional sensitivity level framework, the physical location of each measurement point, including coordinates and corresponding height, is recorded through the geographic information around the tailings pond. Combined with the leakage records and the impact assessment on the surrounding environment, the data is sorted and input into the information management platform to obtain a risk analysis data set; Using the risk analysis data set, the spatial relationship between multiple leakage points and nearby residential areas is analyzed, and a preliminary framework for risk levels is constructed by referring to the types of leaked toxic and hazardous substances, the amount of leakage, and the migration and transformation laws of toxic and hazardous substances; By analyzing the data in the preliminary framework of risk levels, combining terrain, hydrological conditions and leakage data, the risk weighted value of each area is calculated, the potential impact on residential areas is evaluated, and the risk assessment results are obtained.

5. The method for classifying and grading tailings ponds based on environmental supervision according to claim 1, characterized in that: Combining the environmental analysis results of the tailings pond and the regional sensitivity level framework, using environmental impact assessment and risk assessment models, differentially predicting the potential environmental impact of the tailings pond, predicting the risk diffusion path, and obtaining the potential environmental impact results of the tailings pond are as follows: Based on the environmental analysis results of the tailings pond and the regional sensitivity level framework, record the geological structure and hydrological conditions of each tailings pond, including soil type, groundwater flow direction, soil layer thickness and rock composition, and obtain geological and hydrological data through field measurements and raw data compilation; Using the geological and hydrological data, the finite difference method is applied to simulate the pollutant propagation path under the condition of multiple tailings ponds, and the influence of groundwater flow direction on pollution diffusion is analyzed with reference to the permeability of differentiated soils and rocks. Through field evaluation and desktop research, the pollution diffusion analysis results are obtained; Based on the results of the pollution diffusion analysis, the environmental impact of the tailings pond under the current geological and hydrological conditions is predicted, including the impact on the surrounding ecology and the assessment of potential threats to residential areas. By combining related data for risk assessment, the environmental impact prediction results of the tailings pond are generated.

6. The method for classifying and grading tailings ponds based on environmental supervision according to claim 5, characterized in that: The formula of the finite difference method is as follows: Among them, P represents the result of pollution diffusion analysis, K represents the permeability coefficient of pollutants in soil, A represents the initial concentration of the pollution source, α represents the attenuation coefficient of soil adsorption, d represents the distance from the pollution source to the reference point, and D t Represents the pollutant diffusion time.

7. The method for classifying and grading tailings ponds based on environmental supervision according to claim 5, characterized in that: Based on the potential environmental impact results of the tailings pond, the steps of designing a tailings pond monitoring plan, determining the location of key monitoring points and monitoring frequency, selecting matching monitoring equipment, and formulating a tailings pond monitoring implementation plan are as follows: Based on the potential environmental impact results of the tailings pond, multivariate spatial analysis methods are applied to select key monitoring points in the tailings pond and surrounding sensitive areas, which are selected according to the geological and hydrological characteristics of the tailings pond target, including the original recorded pollution events and areas susceptible to pollution, calibrate the coordinates of each point, and obtain key monitoring point data; According to the key monitoring point data, the monitoring frequency is determined through the environmental background and the activity status of the tailings pond, and the monitoring equipment for monitoring heavy metal content, pH value, and dissolved oxygen environmental indicators is selected to obtain the monitoring strategy and equipment configuration plan; According to the monitoring strategy and equipment configuration plan, monitoring equipment is installed at key points to capture data and generate a tailings pond monitoring implementation plan.

8. The method for classifying and grading tailings ponds based on environmental supervision according to claim 7, characterized in that: The formula of the multivariate spatial analysis method is as follows: Among them, R represents the pollution risk value, C s Represents the pollution source concentration at the target monitoring point, D s Represents the distance from the monitoring point to the pollution source, F e represents the ecological sensitivity of the area where the monitoring point is located, and W1, W2, and W3 are the weight coefficients of concentration, distance, and ecological sensitivity, respectively.

9. The method for classifying and grading tailings ponds based on environmental supervision according to claim 7, characterized in that: According to the tailings pond monitoring implementation plan, the steps of regularly capturing monitoring data, analyzing data change trends, adjusting the operation and emergency measures of the tailings pond, and obtaining the environmental supervision level of the tailings pond are as follows: Based on the tailings pond monitoring implementation plan, key environmental parameters are captured from designated monitoring points, heavy metal sensors and data acquisition equipment are installed, and the captured data are transmitted to the central database in real time through a wireless network connection, and data formatting is performed to generate an environmental monitoring data set; Screen and analyze key change trends from the environmental monitoring data set, identify abnormalities and risk growth trends, determine the links that need to be adjusted in the operation of the tailings pond, and form risk trend analysis results; Based on the risk points identified in the risk trend analysis results, the operating strategy and emergency measures of the tailings pond are updated and adjusted, the real-time monitoring and management of environmental risks are optimized, and the environmental supervision level of the tailings pond is obtained.

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