A simulation device and method for rainfall-induced slope rockfall

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of simulation method of rainfall-induced slope rockfall in the technical field of slope prevention, determine potential slope body to be analyzed, according to engineering geology survey to establish the two-dimensional numerical model of slope body, rockfall and actual rigid protection structure, according to engineering geology survey to determine the material physics and mechanics parameters of slope body, rockfall and actual rigid protection structure, according to meteorological data to summarize the maximum rainfall that can act on slope body and the most dangerous rainfall cycle, then through two-dimensional numerical model based on continuum mechanics using strength reduction method to simulate the limit state of sliding under this maximum rainfall or in the most dangerous rainfall cycle with rockfall slope, and then calculate the safety factor of slope, while through the corresponding simulation slope body, rock layer and simulation rigid protection structure in simulation device are compared and verified.The application is scientific and reasonable, and the simulation accuracy is improved by simulating the potential impact force and impact range of landslide body and rock group interaction through two-dimensional numerical model.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of slope prevention, and particularly relates to a simulation device and method for rainfall-induced slope rock rolling. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rainfall-induced slope rock rolling disaster is a serious natural disaster, especially in mountainous and hilly areas, because of the complex terrain and frequent rainfall, such disaster is more common. In order to deeply study and predict the occurrence mechanism of such disaster, it is particularly important to develop a simulation device and method for rainfall-induced slope rock rolling.

[0003] The simulation device for rainfall-induced slope rock rolling generally includes a simulation box, a transparent observation box cover, a spraying assembly, a power assembly, a water storage assembly and other key parts. Among them, the simulation box is used to simulate the real slope environment, the spraying assembly is used to simulate the rainfall process, and the power assembly and the water storage assembly are used to provide the water flow and power required by the rainfall. Through the synergistic effect of these components, the influence of rainfall on the slope and the instability and rock rolling process of the slope under the action of rainfall can be simulated. In the simulation method, the combination of numerical simulation and physical simulation is usually adopted. Numerical simulation can predict the deformation and instability process of the slope under the action of rainfall by establishing a mathematical model and using a computer for simulation calculation. Physical simulation can observe and record the deformation and rock rolling process of the slope by making a real slope model and using the simulation device for rainfall simulation. The two ways complement each other, which can more comprehensively understand the disaster mechanism of rainfall-induced slope rock rolling. The current simulation device and method still have certain errors and uncertainties in simulating the rainfall process and the slope instability mechanism. The existing method is difficult to analyze the following aspects at the same time using the same set of calculation theory: the starting process of rainfall-induced landslide of the slope with rock pile; the mutual contact, collision and damage process of the slope, rock rolling group and rigid protection structure; the safety factor of rock rolling disaster; the effectiveness of support and the potential disaster range, etc.

[0004] In summary, how to improve the accuracy of simulation has become a problem that technicians in the field need to solve. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a simulation device and method for rainfall-induced slope rock rolling. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present application is to provide a simulation device and method for rainfall-induced slope rock rolling, which improves the accuracy of simulation by obtaining the potential impact force and impact range of the landslide body and rock rolling group under the interaction of the two-dimensional numerical model and the simulation device.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: A simulation method for rainfall-induced slope rockfall, determine the potential slope to be analyzed, establish a two-dimensional numerical model of the slope, rockfall and actual rigid protective structure according to the engineering geological survey, determine the material physical and mechanical parameters of the slope, rockfall and actual rigid protective structure according to the engineering geological survey, summarize the maximum rainfall and the most dangerous rainfall period that may act on the slope according to meteorological data, then simulate the limit sliding state of the slope with rockfall under the maximum rainfall or in the most dangerous rainfall period based on continuum mechanics using the strength reduction method through the two-dimensional numerical model, and further calculate the safety factor of the slope. At the same time, the corresponding simulation slope, rockfall layer and simulation rigid protective structure are established in the simulation device for comparison and verification.

[0007] After adopting the above scheme, the following principles and beneficial effects are realized:

[0008] Basic principle: Comprehensive use of engineering geology, continuum mechanics, numerical simulation technology and physical simulation experiment. First of all, based on engineering geological survey, an accurate two-dimensional numerical model is established, which covers the geometric shape and material physical and mechanical properties of the slope, rockfall and actual rigid protective structure. In the simulation process, the strength reduction method is adopted, which is a numerical analysis method based on continuum mechanics, used to gradually reduce the strength parameters of the slope material until the limit sliding state of the slope is reached. Through this process, the gradual failure process of the slope under the action of rainfall and the generation and movement law of rockfall can be observed.

[0009] Beneficial effects:

[0010] 1. The present application can more accurately simulate the disaster mechanism of rainfall-induced slope rockfall by combining two-dimensional numerical model and physical simulation. Physical simulation can visually show the experimental process, while two-dimensional numerical model can provide more in-depth data analysis and prediction.

[0011] 2. The present application can simulate the slope environment under different geological, topographical and rainfall conditions, as well as different rigid protective structures. This makes the device have a wide range of applications, which can be used to study different types of rainfall-induced slope rockfall disasters.

[0012] 3. The present application combines engineering geological survey, numerical simulation and experimental verification, which can more accurately evaluate the stability of the slope under rainfall conditions and predict potential rockfall disasters. By simulating the stability of the slope under different rainfall conditions, scientific basis is provided for slope protection and management, which helps to develop more reasonable disaster prevention and mitigation measures.

[0013] Further, through engineering geological survey, the calculation parameters of the slope when it is in the limit sliding state are determined, including stress distribution, pressure change and interaction force between the slope and the simulation rigid protective structure.

[0014] Beneficial effects: By determining key data such as stress distribution within the slope and pressure changes on the sliding surface, the sliding process of the slope can be more realistically simulated, thus more accurately assessing the stability of the slope and predicting potential rockfall disasters.

[0015] Further, the two-dimensional numerical model determines whether the edges of a certain element in the numerical model reach failure based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion when judging the critical sliding state. If the edges reach failure, the edges are set as cracks in the model. All edges of elements that reach failure are set as cracks to obtain the sliding surface within the slope in the critical sliding state.

[0016] Beneficial effects: The failure judgment method based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion can more accurately simulate the behavior of the slope in the critical sliding state, especially the crack formation and propagation process within the material. This helps to improve the accuracy of the simulation and make the simulation results closer to the actual situation. By setting the boundaries of elements that reach failure as cracks, we can clearly see the location of the sliding surface within the slope in the critical sliding state. This is of great significance for understanding the sliding mechanism of the slope, evaluating the effectiveness of the protective structure, and developing disaster prevention and mitigation measures. The clear location of the sliding surface provides an important basis for optimizing the design of the protective structure. Designers can reasonably arrange the protective structure based on the location and shape of the sliding surface to improve its effectiveness and safety.

[0017] Further, the two-dimensional numerical model simulates the gradual downward sliding process of the landslide body and accumulated stones based on dynamics, simulates the contact, friction, and collision of the landslide body, accumulated stones, and supporting structures during the sliding process based on contact mechanics and impact dynamics, and judges whether new cracks are generated during the mutual collision of the landslide body, accumulated stones, and supporting structures based on material failure mechanics.

[0018] Beneficial effects: By comprehensively considering factors such as dynamics, contact mechanics, impact dynamics, and material failure mechanics, the two-dimensional numerical model can more accurately simulate the sliding process of the landslide body and accumulated stones, as well as their interaction with the supporting structure. This helps to improve the accuracy and reliability of the simulation, making the simulation results closer to the actual situation. By simulating the sliding process of the landslide body and accumulated stones and their interaction with the supporting structure, we can gain a deeper understanding of the triggering mechanism, movement law, and influencing factors of landslides. This helps to provide scientific basis for the assessment of slope stability and disaster prediction.

[0019] Further, the two-dimensional numerical model analyzes and calculates the data obtained, including the landslide body-rockfall movement pattern, impact force, impact range, and protective effect of the supporting structure, and compares and verifies them with the actual simulation results of the simulation device.

[0020] Beneficial effects: In the comparative verification process, if there is a large difference between the two-dimensional numerical model and the actual simulation results of the simulation device, the model can be optimized by adjusting the parameters and settings of the model. This helps to improve the accuracy and applicability of the model, making it more consistent with the actual situation. Through comparative verification, the sliding process of the landslide body and the accumulated stones and the interaction mechanism with the supporting structure can be better understood.

[0021] Further, a rainfall-induced slope rockfall simulation device includes a simulation box and a transparent observation box cover, which is detachably connected to the outer wall of the simulation box. The inner top wall of the simulation box is provided with a spraying assembly for simulating rainfall. The inner side wall of the simulation box away from the transparent observation box cover is provided with a power assembly for sucking water and air. The inner bottom wall of the simulation box is provided with a water storage assembly for collecting rainfall.

[0022] A horizontally placed experimental base plate is hinged to the inner side wall of the simulation box. A vertically placed experimental side plate is fixedly connected to the side wall away from the hinge of the experimental base plate. A simulation rigid protective structure is fixedly connected to the top of one side of the experimental base plate away from the experimental side plate. A support plate is fixedly connected to the side wall of the simulation box below the experimental base plate. A plurality of support columns are fixedly connected to the top of the support plate. The other ends of the support columns are in contact with the bottom of the experimental base plate. A motor is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate. A slanting ball screw is coaxially fixedly connected to the output end of the motor. A nut base corresponding to the ball screw is opened in the bottom of the experimental base plate. A simulation slope body for simulating different slope conditions is detachably connected to the top of the experimental base plate. A plurality of pressure sensors are fixedly connected to the inner side walls of the experimental base plate, the experimental side plate, the simulation rigid protective structure and the simulation box close to the simulation slope body.

[0023] Beneficial effects: By simulating the real rainfall environment and slope conditions, the disaster mechanism of rainfall-induced slope rockfall can be studied and predicted. The simulation box in the device is used to simulate the slope environment, the spraying assembly is used to simulate the rainfall process, and the power assembly and the water storage assembly provide the water flow and power required for rainfall. The detachable simulation slope body on the experimental base plate can simulate different geological and topographical slope conditions. Through the driving of the motor, the ball screw drives the experimental base plate to incline, thereby simulating the instability and rockfall process of the slope under the action of rainfall. At the same time, the transparent observation box cover facilitates observation of the experimental process, and the pressure sensors are used to monitor and record various mechanical parameters during the experimental process. Combined with the two-dimensional numerical model, the potential impact force and impact range under the interaction of the landslide body and the rockfall group can be further analyzed, improving the accuracy of the simulation. The two-dimensional numerical model can predict the deformation, instability process of the slope under the action of rainfall, and the interaction of the landslide body and the rockfall group by establishing a mathematical model and using a computer for simulation calculation.

[0024] Further, the spraying assembly includes a pipeline plate embedded with water pipes and air ducts, which is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the simulation box, and the bottom of the pipeline plate is communicated with a plurality of water spraying pipes and an electrically-driven turning air outlet.

[0025] Beneficial effects: Through the synergistic effect of the water spraying pipes and the electrically-driven turning air outlet, the simulation device can more accurately simulate the water field and wind field effects during rainfall. This makes the simulation environment closer to the real situation, helping researchers gain a deeper understanding of the disaster mechanism of rainfall-induced slope rockfall.

[0026] Further, the power assembly includes a first pump assembly and a second pump assembly, both of which are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the simulation box away from the transparent observation box cover, and the bottom of the second pump assembly is fixedly connected with a second sand filter net, and the electrically-driven turning air outlet and the water spraying pipes are respectively communicated with the first pump assembly and the second pump assembly through the air pipes and water pipes in the pipeline plate.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The design of the second sand filter net effectively prevents impurities and particulate matter in the water from entering the pump body, thereby protecting the pump assembly and improving the cleanliness of the water. This helps to ensure that the water flow during simulation is more stable and reliable. Clean and stable water flow helps to more accurately simulate the rainfall process, thereby improving the accuracy of simulation. This helps researchers gain a deeper understanding of the disaster mechanism of rainfall-induced slope rockfall.

[0028] Further, the water storage assembly includes a triangular water collecting pool and a first sand filter net, the water collecting pool is fixedly connected to the bottom of the experimental bottom plate away from the experimental side plate, and the first sand filter net is located in the water cavity and fixedly connected to the top of the water collecting pool.

[0029] Beneficial effects: The triangular design of the water collecting pool can effectively collect all water flow during simulation, reducing water waste. This helps to improve the water-saving performance of the simulation device and reduce experimental costs. The presence of the first sand filter net can effectively filter out impurities and particulate matter in the water flow, ensuring the cleanliness of the water quality inside the water storage assembly. This helps to improve the accuracy of simulation and prevent impurities from interfering with experimental results.

[0030] Further, the simulation slope is made of gravel, soil and adhesive of different particle sizes mixed in proportion, which is laid on the top of the experimental bottom plate, and its shape and slope are adjusted according to the simulation needs to simulate different types of slopes. The surface of the simulation slope (2) is provided with a rock rolling layer for simulating the effect of rock rolling.

[0031] Beneficial effects: By adjusting the composition, shape, and slope of the simulated slope, different types of slopes can be simulated more accurately. This helps researchers gain a deeper understanding of the disaster mechanism of rainfall-induced rockfalls on slopes and provides a scientific basis for the protection and management of actual slopes. The detachable design of the simulated slope allows researchers to easily replace or adjust it as needed to adapt to different experimental requirements. This flexibility improves the utilization rate of the simulation device and reduces experimental costs. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a side sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the crack initiation and propagation process in the numerical model of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating a landslide disaster caused by rainfall-induced rockfill slopes, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the collision process between the landslide body, the rolling stones, and the protective structure, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 7 The diagram shows the damage caused by different shaped stone impact protection structures according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0039] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual include: 1. Simulation box; 2. Simulated slope; 3. Pressure sensor; 4. Simulated rigid protective structure; 5. Water receiving pool; 6. Pipe plate; 7. Electric steering air vent; 8. Spray pipe; 9. First pump assembly; 10. Experimental side plate; 11. Second pump assembly; 12. Experimental base plate; 13. Support column; 14. Second filter screen; 15. Support plate; 16. Motor; 17. Ball screw; 18. Nut base; 19. First filter screen; 20. Transparent observation box cover. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0041] Example 1

[0042] The basics are as follows: Figures 3-7 As shown: A simulation method for rainfall-induced rockfall on slopes is proposed, which identifies potential slopes to be analyzed and establishes two-dimensional numerical models of the slope, rockfall, and actual rigid protection structures based on engineering geological surveys.

[0043] According to the engineering geological survey, the material physical and mechanical parameters of the slope body, rolling stones and actual rigid protective structure are determined. According to meteorological data, the maximum rainfall and the most dangerous rainfall period that may act on the slope body are summarized. Then, the limit sliding state of the slope with rolling stones under the maximum rainfall or in the most dangerous rainfall period is simulated by using the strength reduction method based on the continuum mechanics through a two-dimensional numerical model. Then, the safety factor of the slope is calculated. At the same time, the corresponding simulation slope 2, rolling stone layer and simulation rigid protective structure 4 are compared and verified through the simulation device.

[0044] Through the engineering geological survey, the calculation parameters of the slope in the limit sliding state are determined. The calculation parameters include stress distribution, pressure change and interaction force between the slope and the simulation rigid protective structure 4.

[0045] The two-dimensional numerical model judges whether the edge of a unit in the numerical model reaches failure in the limit sliding state based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. If it reaches failure, the edge is set as a crack in the model. All the edges of the units that reach the failure state are set as cracks. In this way, the sliding surface in the slope body under the limit sliding state is obtained.

[0046] The two-dimensional numerical model simulates the gradual downward sliding process of the landslide body and the accumulated stones based on dynamics. The contact, friction and collision of the landslide body, accumulated stones and supporting structure in the sliding process are simulated based on contact mechanics and impact dynamics. Whether new cracks are generated in the mutual collision process of the landslide body, accumulated stones and supporting structure is judged based on material failure mechanics.

[0047] The data obtained by the two-dimensional numerical model analysis and calculation, including the landslide body-rolling stone movement mode, impact force, impact range and protective effect of the supporting structure, are compared and verified with the actual simulation results of the simulation device.

[0048] Specific implementation steps:

[0049] Firstly, according to the geological survey data, a specific potential slope to be analyzed is determined. This slope should be representative and can reflect the typical characteristics of rainfall-induced slope rolling stone phenomenon.

[0050] According to the engineering geological survey data, the material physical and mechanical parameters of the slope body, rolling stones and actual rigid protective structure are obtained, such as density, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear strength, etc. Using these parameters, a two-dimensional numerical model of the slope body, rolling stones and actual rigid protective structure is established in the two-dimensional numerical modeling software. The two-dimensional numerical model can accurately reflect the geometric shape, material properties and boundary conditions of the slope body.

[0051] According to meteorological data, the maximum rainfall and the most dangerous rainfall period that can act on the slope body are determined. In the two-dimensional numerical model, the corresponding rainfall conditions are set to simulate the influence of the maximum rainfall or the most dangerous rainfall period on the slope body. The simulation device uses the strength reduction method to gradually reduce the strength parameters of the slope body material until the slope body reaches the limit sliding state. In this process, the safety factor of the slope is calculated by the two-dimensional numerical model to evaluate the stability of the slope.

[0052] When the slope body reaches the limit sliding state, the Mohr-Coulomb criterion is used to determine whether the edges of each element in the numerical model reach the failure state. As shown in FIG. 1, the triangles in the figure are calculation elements, N represents the element node, E represents the element, the numbers represent the element or node numbers, and'represents the number of new nodes generated due to the emergence of new cracks. Figure 4

[0053] The element edges that reach the failure state are set as cracks in the model, thereby obtaining the sliding surface in the slope body under the limit sliding state. Based on the principle of dynamics, the process of the landslide body and the accumulated stones gradually sliding downward under the action of gravity is simulated. Considering the contact, friction and collision between the landslide body, the accumulated stones and the slope body, the supporting structure, the simulation is carried out by using the principles of contact mechanics and impact dynamics, and the simulation results are shown in FIG. 2. Figures 5-7

[0054] In the process of mutual collision between the landslide body, the accumulated stones and the supporting structure, the principle of material failure mechanics is used to determine whether new cracks are generated. The generated new cracks are marked and recorded in the model. The data obtained by the two-dimensional numerical model analysis and calculation, including the motion mode of the landslide body-rolling stones, the impact force, the impact range and the protection effect of the supporting structure, are compared and verified with the results of the actual simulation of the simulation device, to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the two-dimensional numerical model.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] As shown in FIG. 3, which is different from the above-mentioned embodiment: a simulation device for rainfall-induced slope rolling stones, comprising a simulation box 1 and a transparent observation box cover 20, which is detachably connected to the outer wall of the simulation box 1, a water cavity is arranged at the bottom of the simulation box 1, a spraying assembly for simulating rainfall is arranged on the top wall of the simulation box 1, the spraying assembly comprises a pipeline plate 6 with embedded pipelines, the pipeline plate 6 is fixedly connected to the top wall of the simulation box 1 by bolts, and a plurality of water spraying pipes 8 and an electrically-driven turning air outlet 7 are connected to the bottom of the pipeline plate 6. Figures 1-2

[0057] ​​​The inner side wall of the simulation box 1 away from the transparent observation box cover 20 is provided with a power assembly for sucking water and air, the power assembly includes a first pump assembly 9 and a second pump assembly 11, both of which are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the simulation box 1 away from the transparent observation box cover 20 by bolts, and the second pump assembly 11 is fixedly connected with a second sand filter net 14 at the bottom through bolts, the second sand filter net 14 is located in the water cavity, and the electric steering air outlet 7 and the water spraying pipe 8 are respectively communicated with the first pump assembly 9 and the second pump assembly 11 through the air pipe and the water pipe in the pipe plate 6. The inner bottom wall of the simulation box 1 is provided with a water storage assembly for collecting rainfall, which includes a triangular water collecting pool 5 and a first sand filter net 19, the water collecting pool 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the experimental bottom plate 12 away from the experimental side plate 10 by bolts, and the first sand filter net 19 is located in the water cavity and is fixedly connected to the top of the water collecting pool 5 by bolts.

[0058] The inner side wall of the simulation box 1 is hingedly connected with a horizontally placed experimental bottom plate 12, the side wall of the experimental bottom plate 12 away from the hinge is fixedly connected with a vertically placed experimental side plate 10 by bolts, the simulation rigid protection structure 4 is fixedly connected to the top of the experimental bottom plate 12 away from the experimental side plate 10 by bolts, a support plate 15 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the simulation box 1 below the experimental bottom plate 12 by bolts, a plurality of support columns 13 are fixedly connected to the top of the support plate 15 by bolts, the other ends of the support columns 13 are in contact with the bottom of the experimental bottom plate, a motor 16 is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate 15 by bolts, the output end of the motor 16 is coaxially fixedly connected with an inclined ball screw 17, a nut base 18 corresponding to the ball screw 17 is opened at the bottom of the experimental bottom plate 12, and a simulation slope body 2 for simulating different slope conditions is detachably connected to the top of the experimental bottom plate 12. The simulation slope body 2 is mixed by different particle sizes of gravel, soil and adhesive in proportion, laid on the top of the experimental bottom plate 12, and its shape and slope are adjusted according to the simulation needs to simulate different types of slopes. The surface of the simulation slope body 2 is provided with a rolling stone layer for simulating the rolling stone effect. A plurality of pressure sensors 3 are fixedly connected to the inner side walls of the experimental bottom plate 12, the experimental side plate 10, the simulation rigid protection structure 4 and the simulation box 1 close to the simulation slope body 2 by bolts. A camera for shooting images can be erected on the outer wall of the transparent observation box cover 20.

[0059] Specific implementation steps: according to the simulation method in embodiment 1, the material physical and mechanical parameters, the maximum rainfall and the most dangerous rainfall period of the potential slope body to be analyzed are determined. According to the simulation needs in the simulation method, different particle sizes of gravel, soil and adhesive are mixed in proportion. The mixed material is laid on the experimental bottom plate 12 to form a detachable simulation slope body 2 structure. According to the simulation requirements, the shape and slope of the slope are adjusted. According to the simulation results, the parameters of the water spraying pipe 8, the electric steering air outlet 7, the first pump assembly 9 and the second pump assembly 11 in the simulation device are adjusted to simulate the corresponding rainfall conditions.

[0060] Lay the simulated slope 2 on the experimental base plate 12 and set the rolling stone layer. Start the first pump assembly 9 and the second pump assembly 11 to spray water to the simulated slope 2 through the water spray pipe 8 and the electrically driven turning air port 7, simulating the rainfall process. According to the meteorological data and simulation results, adjust the rainfall intensity and duration to simulate the corresponding maximum rainfall or the most dangerous rainfall period.

[0061] During the rainfall process, monitor the pressure change of the slope in real time through the pressure sensor 3. When the slope reaches the limit state of sliding as judged by the two-dimensional numerical model in Embodiment 1, use the camera to shoot or manually observe and record the parameters such as the generation, quantity and speed of the rolling stones. Start the motor 16 to make the experimental base plate 12 perform tilting motion through the cooperation of the ball screw 17 and the nut base 18, simulating slopes with different slopes. Observe and record the motion trajectory and impact force of the rolling stones under different slopes.

[0062] Collect the experimental data of the pressure sensor 3, camera and other equipment. Combine the results of the two-dimensional numerical model in Embodiment 1 to compare and analyze the experimental data, verify the accuracy and reliability of the simulation device, and optimize the design parameters and experimental methods of the simulation device to improve the accuracy and reliability of the simulation.

[0063] The above is only an embodiment of the present application, and the specific structure and characteristics of the scheme are not described in detail, and the ordinary technical personnel in the art know all the ordinary technical knowledge in the art before the filing date or the priority date, can know all the prior art in the field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental means before that date, and the ordinary technical personnel in the art can improve and implement the scheme under the guidance of the present application, some typical known structures or known methods should not be an obstacle for the ordinary technical personnel in the art to implement the present application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which should be considered as the protection scope of the present application, which will not affect the effect and practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in the present application should be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation mode and the like in the specification can be used to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method of simulating rainfall-induced slope rockfall, characterized by: Determine potential slope to be analyzed, establish two-dimensional numerical model of slope, rolling stones and actual rigid protection structure according to engineering geological survey, determine material physical and mechanical parameters of slope, rolling stones and actual rigid protection structure according to engineering geological survey, summarize the maximum rainfall and the most dangerous rainfall period that may act on the slope according to meteorological data, then simulate the limit sliding state of the slope with rolling stones under the maximum rainfall or in the most dangerous rainfall period based on continuum mechanics by using strength reduction method, and then calculate the safety factor of the slope, and at the same time, compare and verify the corresponding simulated slope (2), rolling stone layer and simulated rigid protection structure (4) in the simulation device; When the two-dimensional numerical model judges the limit sliding state based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion, whether the edge of a unit in the numerical model reaches failure, if it reaches failure, set the edge in the model as a crack, set all the edges of the units reaching failure state as cracks, so as to obtain the sliding surface in the slope under the limit sliding state; and the two-dimensional numerical model simulates the gradual downward sliding process of the landslide body and the accumulated stones based on dynamics, simulates the contact, friction and collision of the landslide body, accumulated stones and supporting structure in the sliding process based on contact mechanics and impact dynamics, and judges whether new cracks are generated in the mutual collision process of the landslide body, accumulated stones and supporting structure based on material failure mechanics; At the same time, the data obtained by the two-dimensional numerical model analysis and calculation, including the landslide body-rolling stone movement mode, impact force, impact range and protection effect of supporting structure, are compared and verified with the actual simulation results of the simulation device. The simulation device comprises a simulation box (1) and a transparent observation box cover (20) detachably connected to the outer wall of the simulation box (1), a spraying assembly for simulating rainfall is arranged on the inner top wall of the simulation box (1), a power assembly for sucking water and air is arranged on the inner side wall of the simulation box (1) away from the transparent observation box cover (20), a water storage assembly for collecting rainfall is arranged on the inner bottom wall of the simulation box (1), a horizontally arranged experimental bottom plate (12) is hingedly arranged on the inner side wall of the simulation box (1), a vertically arranged experimental side plate (10) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the experimental bottom plate (12) away from the hinged portion, a simulation rigid protection structure (4) is fixedly connected to the top of one side of the experimental bottom plate (12) away from the experimental side plate (10), a support plate (15) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the simulation box (1) below the experimental bottom plate (12), a plurality of support columns (13) are fixedly connected to the top of the support plate (15), the other ends of the support columns (13) are in contact with the bottom of the experimental bottom plate (12), a motor (16) is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate (15), a bevel ball screw (17) is coaxially fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (16), a nut base (18) corresponding to the ball screw (17) is formed in the bottom of the experimental bottom plate (12), a simulation slope body (2) for simulating different slope conditions is detachably connected to the top of the experimental bottom plate (12), a plurality of pressure sensors (3) are fixedly connected to the inner side walls of the experimental bottom plate (12), the experimental side plate (10), the simulation rigid protection structure (4) and the simulation box (1) close to the simulation slope body (2), and a water cavity is arranged below the support plate (15). The spraying assembly comprises a pipeline plate (6) in which a water pipe and an air duct are embedded, the pipeline plate (6) is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the simulation box (1), and a plurality of water spraying pipes (8) and an electrically-driven turning air outlet (7) are communicated with the bottom of the pipeline plate (6). The power assembly comprises a first pump assembly (9) and a second pump assembly (11), the first pump assembly (9) and the second pump assembly (11) are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the simulation box (1) away from the transparent observation box cover (20), the second pump assembly (11) is fixedly connected with a second sand filter net (14) at the bottom, the second sand filter net (14) is located in the water cavity, and the electrically-driven turning air outlet (7) and the water spraying pipe (8) are respectively communicated with the first pump assembly (9) and the second pump assembly (11) through the air pipe and the water pipe in the pipeline plate (6). Meanwhile, the simulation slope body (2) is made of gravel, soil and adhesive of different particle sizes mixed in proportion, is laid on the top of the experimental bottom plate (12), and its shape and gradient are adjusted according to the simulation requirement, so as to simulate different types of slopes, and a rolling stone layer for simulating the rolling stone effect is arranged on the surface of the simulation slope body (2).

2. The simulation method for rainfall-induced slope rolling stone according to claim 1, wherein the calculation parameters when the slope is in a sliding state are determined according to the engineering geological investigation, and the calculation parameters include stress distribution, pressure change and interaction force between the slope and the rigid protection structure.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein: The water storage assembly comprises a triangular water receiving pool (5) and a first sand filter net (19), the water receiving pool (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the side of the experiment bottom plate (12) far from the experiment side plate (10), and the first sand filter net (19) is located in the water cavity and is fixedly connected to the top of the water receiving pool (5).

Images