Macroscopic artificial magnet ice tri-state model and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a macroscopic artificial magnet ice tri-state model and a preparation method thereof, the model comprises stacked empty traps and cylindrical magnets filled in the stacked empty traps, and the stacked empty traps comprise chamfered equilateral triangle empty traps and circular empty traps; the preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively cutting a plurality of chamfered equilateral triangle empty traps and a plurality of circular empty traps on two transparent plates through a laser cutting machine to obtain chamfered equilateral triangle empty trap plates and circular empty trap plates; stacking and fixedly connecting the chamfered equilateral triangle empty trap plate and the circular empty trap plate to obtain an empty trap combined plate with stacked empty traps; the stacked empty traps are filled with cylindrical magnets; and a transparent cover plate is used for covering the empty trap combined plate filled with the cylindrical magnets. Compared with the prior art, the invention provides an effective macroscopic method for researching the spinning ice tri-state model, which is simple and convenient to operate, simple in device and more intuitive, a brand new degree of freedom is provided under the macroscopic scale, and the understanding of a contusion prevention system is enriched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of macroscopic artificial magnetic ice system frustration research, and in particular to a macroscopic artificial magnetic ice three-state model and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Spin ice is a type of geometrically frustrated magnetic material whose magnetic spins exhibit degeneracy similar to the arrangement of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water ice at low temperatures. This phenomenon provides a new perspective for understanding complex magnetic behaviors and has attracted widespread attention in fields such as quantum computing and spin electronics. However, traditional spin ice systems have some shortcomings in research and application, especially in terms of regulation and observation.

[0003] First, traditional spin ice materials are usually based on specific chemical compositions and crystal structures, which results in their magnetic characteristics and phase transition behaviors being limited by the intrinsic properties of the materials. This makes it difficult to achieve precise control of magnetic states in experiments, especially when exploring novel magnetic phases and quantum effects. For example, traditional natural spin ice materials are controlled by materials, and only pyrochlore structures can observe ice-like frustration, and magnetic spin observation is difficult and the structure is difficult to change. Later, people designed photolithographic magnetic nanoislands, which can change the structure and use MFM to observe the magnetic moment. However, the defects of this technology are generally the weak interaction of artificial spin ice made by microscopic photolithographic magnetic nanoislands, the long-range ordered ground state that is difficult to achieve, and the two-direction magnetic moment of traditional photolithographic magnetic nanoislands is difficult to achieve a three-direction model to flexibly study the mathematical problem of the three-state model. In addition, the preparation process of traditional materials is often complicated and time-consuming, which limits the feasibility of large-scale experiments. Therefore, although the spin ice system provides a wealth of physical phenomena in basic scientific research, its practical application and in-depth exploration are subject to certain constraints.

[0004] In order to solve these problems, the research on macroscopic artificial magnetic ice came into being. Macroscopic artificial magnetic ice systems have stronger interactions, richer long-range ordered phase transitions, and adjustable flexibility, which can achieve richer physical phase transitions and can realize the long-range ordered ground state predicted by artificial particle ice. By artificially designing geometric structures, researchers can regulate the arrangement and interaction of spins on a macroscopic scale. The advantage of this method is that it not only simplifies the material preparation process, but also explores the diversity and complexity of spin systems by precisely controlling the shape, size and arrangement of magnets. Compared with traditional spin ice systems, the adjustability and flexibility of macroscopic artificial magnetic ice allows researchers to explore different magnetic phases and phase transition behaviors in more depth. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a macroscopic artificial magnetic ice three-state model and a preparation method thereof, so as to provide more degrees of freedom for the traditional spin ice system.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical scheme: a macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model, including stacked empty wells and cylindrical magnets filled in the stacked empty wells, the stacked empty wells include chamfered equilateral triangle empty wells and circular empty wells.

[0007] Preferably, the center of the circle coincides with the center of the chamfered equilateral triangle, and the cross-sectional size of the circle is smaller than that of the chamfered equilateral triangle.

[0008] Preferably, the cylindrical magnets are freely rotatable and oriented in the stacked empty wells.

[0009] Preferably, the diameter of the cylindrical magnet is slightly smaller than the circular magnet, and the height is smaller than the thickness of the stacked empty wells.

[0010] Further preferably, the circular radius is 1.55-1.65 mm, the cylindrical magnet radius is 1.45-1.55 mm, the chamfered equilateral triangle height (ie, the height of the chamfered equilateral triangle in the cross-sectional direction) is 5.55-5.65 mm, and the chamfer radius is 1.45-1.55 mm.

[0011] More preferably, the radius of the circle is 1.6 mm, the radius of the cylindrical magnet is 1.5 mm, the height of the chamfered equilateral triangle is 5.6 mm, and the chamfer radius is 1.5 mm.

[0012] Further preferably, the thickness of the chamfered equilateral triangle empty well is 5.95-6.05 mm, the thickness of the circular empty well is 3.95-4.05 mm, and the height of the cylindrical magnet is 9.65-9.75 mm.

[0013] More preferably, the thickness of the chamfered equilateral triangle empty well is 6 mm, the thickness of the circular empty well is 4 mm, and the height of the cylindrical magnet is 9.7 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the cylindrical magnet is a neodymium iron boron cylindrical magnet.

[0015] Further preferably, the cylindrical magnet is neodymium iron boron with a saturation magnetization intensity of 330 mT at the magnetic pole.

[0016] Preferably, the cylindrical magnet is magnetized along the long axis direction.

[0017] Preferably, the plurality of stacked empty wells are periodically arranged in a Kagome structure.

[0018] Further preferably, the distances between the nearest neighboring points of the adjacent stacked empty wells are the same.

[0019] Further preferably, each stacked empty well is provided with a cylindrical magnet, and the cylindrical magnets are arranged with the same poles.

[0020] Preferably, the stacked empty wells are made of transparent material.

[0021] Preferably, the macroscopic artificial magnetic ice three-state model also includes transparent cover plates arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of stacked empty wells filled with cylindrical magnets. As a typical two-dimensional geometric arrangement, the Kagome structure can become an important platform for studying macroscopic artificial magnetic ice due to its unique geometric frustration characteristics. In the Kagome lattice, the interaction between magnets forms a complex network, so that the arrangement of spins is not only affected by neighboring spins, but also can be adjusted by external conditions. This design facilitates the exploration of different spin states and lays the foundation for the realization of the three-state model.

[0022] This invention introduces the three-state model into the study of macroscopic artificial magnet ice systems. Unlike the traditional two-state spin system, the three-state model adds a magnetic orientation degree of freedom, allowing the spin to switch between three different orientations. The introduction of this additional degree of freedom makes the phase transition behavior of the system richer, and researchers can observe more physical phenomena, such as topological effects and non-equilibrium behavior. This diversity not only provides a new perspective for basic scientific research, but also brings new possibilities for the development of future spintronic devices.

[0023] A method for preparing the above-mentioned macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model comprises the following steps:

[0024] (1) cutting a plurality of chamfered equilateral triangle empty wells and a plurality of circular empty wells on two transparent plates by a laser cutting machine to obtain a chamfered equilateral triangle empty well plate and a circular empty well plate;

[0025] (2) stacking and fixedly connecting the chamfered equilateral triangle empty well plate and the circular empty well plate to obtain an empty well composite plate with stacked empty wells;

[0026] (3) Filling cylindrical magnets into the stacked empty wells;

[0027] (4) Use a transparent cover plate to cover the empty well assembly plate filled with cylindrical magnets.

[0028] Preferably, the transparent plate in step (1) comprises an acrylic plate.

[0029] Preferably, the spacing between adjacent chamfered equilateral triangle empty wells in the chamfered equilateral triangle empty well plate in step (1) is 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm or 7 mm.

[0030] The present invention can change the magnet interaction force by changing the distance between adjacent wells.

[0031] Preferably, in step (2), the chamfered equilateral triangular empty well plate is stacked on top of the circular empty well plate.

[0032] Preferably, in step (2), the chamfered equilateral triangle empty well plate and the circular empty well plate are stacked and fixedly connected by copper screws.

[0033] Preferably, step (3) adds cylindrical magnets with the same polarity arranged row by row and one by one in the stacked empty wells.

[0034] The adding of cylindrical magnets with the same polarity arrangement into the stacked empty wells refers to inserting all cylindrical magnets with their S poles facing downward into the stacked empty wells or inserting all cylindrical magnets with their N poles facing downward into the stacked empty wells.

[0035] Further preferably, in the process of adding the cylindrical magnets with the same polarity arranged row by row and one by one in the stacked empty wells, after each cylindrical magnet is added in the stacked empty wells, the corresponding empty well is covered with a transparent cover.

[0036] Preferably, the transparent cover plate in step (4) comprises an acrylic plate.

[0037] Preferably, in step (4), a transparent cover plate is used to cover the upper and lower surfaces of the empty-well composite plate filled with cylindrical magnets.

[0038] Preferably, the method for preparing the macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model specifically comprises the following steps:

[0039] A. Use AutoCAD to design a set of empty wells of the same stacking size, arranged periodically in a Kagome structure, including a layer of circles and a layer of chamfered equilateral triangles;

[0040] B. Import the design file into the screw laser cutting machine, and cut chamfered equilateral triangle wells and circular wells on the acrylic plate;

[0041] C. Stack the two types of empty well plates obtained in step B, punch holes and fix them with copper screws;

[0042] D. Filling NdFeB cylindrical magnets with a saturation magnetization of 330 mT into the stacked empty wells row by row;

[0043] E. Use acrylic transparent cover sheets to gradually cover the magnet units filled in step E.

[0044] Further preferably, the center of the circle designed in step A coincides with the center of the chamfered equilateral triangle, and the radius of the circle is 1.6 mm, the height of the chamfered equilateral triangle is 5.6 mm, and the chamfer radius is 1.5 mm.

[0045] Further preferably, in step A, the spacings between the nearest neighbor chamfered equilateral triangles are designed to be 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm respectively.

[0046] Further preferably, in step B, the thickness of the circular empty well acrylic sample is 4 mm, and the thickness of the chamfered equilateral triangle acrylic sample is 6 mm.

[0047] Further preferably, in step C, a magnet with a radius of 1.5 mm and a height of 9.7 mm is used so that it can be freely rotated and oriented in the empty well.

[0048] Further preferably, when growing the three-state model ice system in step D, it is ensured that magnet units with the same polarity arrangement are added one by one in the empty well.

[0049] Further preferably, in step D, NdFeB cylindrical magnets are filled into the stacked empty wells row by row from left to right.

[0050] Further preferably, in the process of growing the three-state model ice system in step E, a transparent cover is used in time to fix the grown magnetic ice unit.

[0051] The present invention designs a macroscopic three-state model of artificial magnetic ice, which uses cut acrylic plates to form a stack of long-range ordered circular and chamfered equilateral triangle empty wells of Kagome structure. Cylindrical small magnets are placed in these stacked empty wells in a certain order and covered and fixed with acrylic plates. This method allows one magnetic pole of the cylindrical small magnet to be fixed in the empty well, while the other magnetic pole is affected by the interaction force of the same poles of the adjacent magnets, showing three different random orientations. As the distance between adjacent empty wells decreases, the interaction force increases, and the vertex type of the system gradually tends to the Type-I type with lower global energy, while the high-energy vertex Type-IV has never been observed. This method provides a new experimental means for studying the three-state model in the field of artificial spin ice, and further provides new possibilities for exploring more magnetic degrees of freedom and magnetic frustration phenomena at a macroscopic scale.

[0052] In the present invention, the change of different vertex energies of the macroscopic artificial magnetic ice three-state model under different interactions can be studied by adjusting the spacing between adjacent wells and the lattice spacing of the Kagome lattice. The global magnetic order of the system can also be grounded and disordered by a macroscopic external magnetic field, providing a richer research method for studying the three-state model and magnetic frustration phenomenon.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0054] 1. The present invention makes it easy to adjust the interaction strength between magnets and can directly observe and manipulate a single interacting magnet.

[0055] 2. Compared with nanomagnets, the interaction strength of the system obtained by the present invention is stronger. The difference between nanomagnets introduced into the ASI (artificial spin ice) system by photolithography is negligible for macro magnets.

[0056] 3. The present invention provides more degrees of freedom for the traditional spin ice system, and the system will spontaneously adjust the degrees of freedom to reduce the global energy.

[0057] 4. The present invention uses a stacking design of circular empty wells and chamfered equilateral triangle empty wells to enable the cylindrical magnet to rotate and orient under the influence of the mutual repulsive interaction force that generates a single pole.

[0058] 5. The present invention adopts the structural and dimensional design of the circular empty well, the chamfered equilateral triangle empty well and the cylindrical magnet so that one pole of the cylindrical magnet is fixed in position and the other pole exhibits three different random orientations through the interaction between neighbors or even long ranges.

[0059] 6. The present invention provides an effective macroscopic method for studying the spin ice three-state model, which is easy to operate, simple in apparatus, and more intuitive. It provides a new degree of freedom at the macroscopic scale and enriches the understanding of frustrated systems.

[0060] 7. The present invention can solve the problems in the existing field of artificial spin ice, such as weak interaction force, difficulty in achieving a long-range ordered ground state, and high degeneracy of frustration due to the limitation of the two orientations of traditional artificial spin ice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the design of the macroscopic artificial magnetic ice three-state model of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the periodic arrangement of the Kagome structure of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 It is a partial schematic diagram of the macroscopic artificial magnetic ice three-state model of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 4 This is a physical picture of the macroscopic artificial magnetic ice three-state model of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0066] A macroscopic artificial magnetic ice three-state model, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes stacked empty wells formed by stacking chamfered equilateral triangle empty wells and circular empty wells, and cylindrical magnets filled in the stacked empty wells. Figure 2 As shown, the stacked empty wells are arranged periodically in a Kagome structure.

[0067] The following describes it in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0068] The cylindrical magnets described in the following examples are commercially available NdFeB magnets with a height of h = 9.7 mm and a radius of D = 1.5 mm. All magnets are magnetized along the long axis direction, and the saturation magnetization intensity of the magnetic pole is 330 mT. Cavity optical lattices for confining magnets are cut and stacked on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plates with thicknesses of t = 6 mm and t = 4 mm, respectively, using a continuous CO2 laser with a wavelength of λ = 10.6 μm.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] A set of empty wells of the same stacking size were designed using AutoCAD, arranged periodically in a Kagome structure, including a layer of circles and a layer of chamfered equilateral triangles, the center of the circle coincided with the center of the chamfered equilateral triangle, and the radius of the circle was 1.6 mm, the height of the chamfered equilateral triangle was 5.6 mm, and the chamfer radius was 1.5 mm; the spacing between the nearest neighbor chamfered equilateral triangles was set to 7 mm;

[0071] Import the design file into the screw laser cutting machine, use a 6mm thick acrylic plate to cut a triangular hollow well, and use a 4mm thick acrylic plate to cut a circular hollow well; stack the two types of hollow well plates, punch holes, and fix them with copper screws;

[0072] NdFeB cylindrical magnets with a radius of 1.5mm, a height of 9.7mm and a saturation magnetization of 330mT are filled into the stacked empty wells row by row, so that they can rotate freely in the empty wells; when growing the three-state model ice system, ensure that the magnet units with the same polarity are added one by one in the empty wells. The magnets are filled into the stacked empty wells row by row; and the filled magnet units are covered in time and gradually with an acrylic transparent cover. Finally, a macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model sample with a nearest neighbor well spacing of 7mm is obtained.

[0073] The nearest neighbor well spacing prepared in this embodiment is 7 mm. The local part of the macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model sample is as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] A set of empty wells of the same stacking size were designed using AutoCAD, arranged periodically in a Kagome structure, including a layer of circles and a layer of chamfered equilateral triangles, the center of the circle coincided with the center of the chamfered equilateral triangle, and the radius of the circle was 1.6 mm, the height of the chamfered equilateral triangle was 5.6 mm, and the chamfer radius was 1.5 mm; the spacing between the nearest neighbor chamfered equilateral triangles was set to 5 mm;

[0076] Import the design file into the screw laser cutting machine, use a 6mm thick acrylic plate to cut a triangular hollow well, and use a 4mm thick acrylic plate to cut a circular hollow well; stack the two types of hollow well plates, punch holes, and fix them with copper screws;

[0077] NdFeB cylindrical magnets with a radius of 1.5mm and a height of 9.7mm and a saturation magnetization of 330mT are filled into the stacked empty wells row by row, so that they can rotate freely in the empty wells. When growing the three-state model ice system, ensure that the magnet units with the same polarity are added one by one in the empty wells. The magnets are filled into the stacked empty wells row by row, and the filled magnet units are covered in time and gradually with an acrylic transparent cover. Finally, a macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model sample with a nearest neighbor well spacing of 5mm is obtained.

[0078] Example 3

[0079] A set of empty wells of the same stacking size were designed using AutoCAD, arranged periodically in a Kagome structure, including a layer of circles and a layer of chamfered equilateral triangles, the center of the circle coincided with the center of the chamfered equilateral triangle, and the radius of the circle was 1.6 mm, the height of the chamfered equilateral triangle was 5.6 mm, and the chamfer radius was 1.5 mm; the spacing between the nearest neighbor chamfered equilateral triangles was set to 3 mm;

[0080] Import the design file into the screw laser cutting machine, use a 6mm thick acrylic plate to cut a triangular hollow well, and use a 4mm thick acrylic plate to cut a circular hollow well; stack the two types of hollow well plates, punch holes, and fix them with copper screws;

[0081] NdFeB cylindrical magnets with a radius of 1.5mm and a height of 9.7mm and a saturation magnetization of 330mT are filled into the stacked empty wells row by row, so that they can rotate freely in the empty wells; when growing the three-state model ice system, ensure that the magnet units with the same polarity are added one by one in the empty wells. The magnets are filled into the stacked empty wells row by row; and the filled magnet units are covered in time and gradually with an acrylic transparent cover. Finally, a macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model sample with a nearest neighbor well spacing of 3mm is obtained.

[0082] Example 4

[0083] A set of empty wells of the same stacking size were designed using AutoCAD, arranged periodically in a Kagome structure, including a layer of circles and a layer of chamfered equilateral triangles, the center of the circle coincided with the center of the chamfered equilateral triangle, and the radius of the circle was 1.6 mm, the height of the chamfered equilateral triangle was 5.6 mm, and the chamfer radius was 1.5 mm; the spacing between the nearest neighbor chamfered equilateral triangles was set to 1 mm;

[0084] Import the design file into the screw laser cutting machine, use a 6mm thick acrylic plate to cut a triangular hollow well, and use a 4mm thick acrylic plate to cut a circular hollow well; stack the two types of hollow well plates, punch holes, and fix them with copper screws;

[0085] NdFeB cylindrical magnets with a radius of 1.5mm and a height of 9.7mm and a saturation magnetization of 330mT are filled into the stacked empty wells row by row, so that they can rotate freely in the empty wells; when growing the three-state model ice system, ensure that the magnet units with the same polarity are added one by one in the empty wells. The magnets are filled into the stacked empty wells row by row; and the filled magnet units are covered in time and gradually with an acrylic transparent cover. Finally, a macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model sample with a nearest neighbor well spacing of 1mm is obtained.

[0086] like Figure 4 As shown, in the macroscopic artificial magnetic ice three-state model of the present invention, adjacent magnets are affected by the same polar interaction force and show three different random orientations, that is, they have three degrees of freedom, which provides more degrees of freedom for the traditional spin ice system and provides a new experimental platform for studying the combination of the spin ice system and the three-state problem.

[0087] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A macroscopic artificial magnetic ice three-state model, characterized in that: The invention comprises stacked empty wells and cylindrical magnets filled in the stacked empty wells, wherein the stacked empty wells comprise chamfered equilateral triangle empty wells and circular empty wells.

2. The macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center of the circle coincides with the center of the chamfered equilateral triangle, and the cross-sectional size of the circle is smaller than that of the chamfered equilateral triangle.

3. The macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylindrical magnet has a diameter smaller than the circular one and a height smaller than the thickness of the stacked empty wells, and can freely rotate and orient in the stacked empty wells.

4. The macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model according to claim 3, characterized in that: The circular radius is 1.55-1.65 mm, the cylindrical magnet radius is 1.45-1.55 mm, the chamfered equilateral triangle height is 5.55-5.65 mm, and the chamfer radius is 1.45-1.55 mm.

5. The macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thickness of the chamfered equilateral triangle empty well is 5.95-6.05 mm, the thickness of the circular empty well is 3.95-4.05 mm, and the height of the cylindrical magnet is 9.65-9.75 mm.

6. The macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylindrical magnet is a neodymium iron boron cylindrical magnet, which is magnetized along the long axis direction.

7. The macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chamfered equilateral triangular empty wells and the circular empty wells are arranged periodically in a Kagome structure.

8. A method for preparing a macroscopic artificial magnetic ice three-state model according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) cutting a plurality of chamfered equilateral triangle empty wells and a plurality of circular empty wells on two transparent plates by a laser cutting machine to obtain a chamfered equilateral triangle empty well plate and a circular empty well plate; (2) stacking and fixedly connecting the chamfered equilateral triangle empty well plate and the circular empty well plate to obtain an empty well composite plate with stacked empty wells; (3) Filling cylindrical magnets into the stacked empty wells; (4) Use a transparent cover plate to cover the empty well assembly plate filled with cylindrical magnets.

9. The method for preparing the macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model according to claim 8, characterized in that: The transparent plate in step (1) comprises an acrylic plate, and the spacing between adjacent chamfered equilateral triangle empty wells in the chamfered equilateral triangle empty well plate is 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm or 7 mm; Step (2) stack the chamfered equilateral triangle empty well plate on top of the circular empty well plate and fix them together with copper screws.

10. The method for preparing the macroscopic artificial magnet ice three-state model according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step (3) adds cylindrical magnets with the same polarity arranged row by row in the stacked empty wells.

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