Foreign plant invasion risk assessment method based on pollination ecology characteristics

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of alien species invasion risk assessment, in particular to an alien plant invasion risk assessment method based on pollination ecology characteristics, which comprises the following steps: acquiring pollination ecology characteristic data of alien invasive species; acquiring the distribution area of alien invasive species in the evaluation region; all parameters contained in the pollination ecology characteristic data of the intruding species are used as independent variables, the distribution area of the intruding species in the evaluation region is used as a dependent variable, and a stepwise regression analysis method is adopted to establish an alien plant intrusion risk index calculation model based on the pollination ecology characteristics; and determining the alien plant invasion risk level by using the alien plant invasion risk index calculation model based on the pollination ecology characteristics. The alien plants with the invasion risk can be rapidly and accurately distinguished, the method has the advantages of being low in cost, high in accuracy and comprehensive in factor consideration, and the accuracy of invasion risk early warning can be greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of alien species invasion risk assessment, and in particular to an alien plant invasion risk assessment method based on pollination ecological characteristics. Background Art

[0002] At present, the risk of alien species invasion is mainly divided into 5 levels according to the provisions of "Main Types of Forestry and Grassland Disasters and Their Classification", such as vicious invasion (level 1) causes huge losses and serious impacts on forests, grasslands, wetlands, wild animal and plant resources and their environment at the national level, and the invasion range is more than one province; serious invasion (level 2) causes large losses or obvious impacts on forests, grasslands, wetlands, wild animal and plant resources and their environment at the national level, and the invasion range is more than one province. Local invasion (level 3): No large-scale harm at the national level, distributed in one or more provinces and causing local harm. General invasion (level 4): The harm is not great or obvious, and it is difficult to form a new invasion development trend. Level 5 is to be observed.

[0003] This classification method mainly determines the invasion risk of species based on the distribution area and degree of loss of alien plants. However, when new alien species first enter my country, due to the lack of large-scale spatial distribution data, it is impossible to scientifically predict the losses they may cause in the future. Therefore, the current invasive plant risk assessment usually implements the invasion risk level classification only after the species enters my country and has a stable distribution. At this time, it is an ex post assessment and the losses have already occurred. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct a scientific analysis of the invasion risk of species when the species is just introduced into my country and is in the introduction observation period, and before it is planned to be promoted on a large scale in my country, so as to make targeted predictions of invasion risks. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for assessing the risk of alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A method for assessing the risk of alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics comprises the following steps: Obtaining pollination ecology characteristic data of alien invasive species; the pollination ecology characteristic data of alien invasive species include flowering phenology and floral morphological parameters of alien invasive species, pollen quantity and pollen morphological parameters of alien invasive species, pollen vitality and stigma receptivity parameters of alien invasive species, flower visitor behavior and flower visitation frequency parameters of alien invasive species, and pollen dispersal distance parameters of alien invasive species; Obtain the distribution area of ​​invasive alien species in the assessment area; All parameters contained in the pollination ecological characteristics data of invasive alien species were used as independent variables, and the distribution area of ​​invasive alien species in the assessment area was used as the dependent variable. A calculation model for the risk index of alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics was established using stepwise regression analysis. The alien plant invasion risk index calculation model based on pollination ecological characteristics is used to calculate the alien plant invasion risk index according to the pollination ecological characteristics data of alien invasive species, and the alien plant invasion risk level is determined.

[0006] Preferably, the flowering phenology and flower morphology parameters of alien invasive species include: Length of flowering period, number of inflorescences, average number of flowers, height difference between stamens and pistils, width of corolla opening, depth of tube.

[0007] Preferably, the pollen quantity and pollen morphology parameters of alien malignant invasive species include: Pollen quantity, pollen shape index, pollen size index, and number of germination pores.

[0008] Preferably, the pollen shape index is calculated as follows:

[0009] in, is the pollen shape index, is the polar axis of the pollen grain, is the equatorial axis of the pollen grain; The pollen size index is calculated as:

[0010] in, is the size index of pollen.

[0011] Preferably, the pollen viability and stigma receptivity parameters of the alien invasive species include: Percent pollen viability and percent stigma receptivity.

[0012] Preferably, the flower visitor behavior and flower visit frequency parameters of the alien invasive species include: Number of flower visitor species, total number of flower visitors, and frequency of flower visits.

[0013] Preferably, the pollen dispersal distance parameters of alien invasive species include: The maximum distance pollen can be spread.

[0014] Preferably, the calculation model of the alien plant invasion risk index based on pollination ecological characteristics is specifically:

[0015] in, is the risk index of alien plant invasion, is the intercept, is the correlation coefficient, Data on pollination ecology characteristics of invasive alien species.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention obtains the pollination ecological characteristics of 150 invasive species with five levels of invasion risk, establishes a universal risk index calculation formula for alien invasive species, and clarifies the scientific classification and grading interval of its index. Relying on pollination ecological characteristics, using scanning electron microscopy and related theories of botany, the present invention can quickly and accurately identify alien plants with invasion risks, which can provide a basis for cross-domain introduction and breeding, and can also provide a reliable basis for the study of the invasion mechanism of alien plants.

[0017] In addition, the present invention can be carried out in any region. It only needs to adjust the local invasive species type to obtain the invasion risk index formula suitable for the local area, and clearly define the invasion risk of new species to the region. Compared with the post-invasion census, the present invention has lower cost, higher accuracy, and comprehensive factor consideration, which can greatly improve the accuracy of invasion risk warning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a risk assessment method for alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0020] Excellent reproductive potential is the basis for the establishment and expansion of alien plant populations. The pollination ecology characteristics of plants (flowering phenology, pollen vitality, stigma receptivity, pollination mode, pollen dispersal distance and pollen morphology, etc.) are one of the most important links in the reproduction and spread of alien plants. To this end, the present invention establishes a method for predicting the risk level of alien plant invasion based on the pollination ecology characteristics of alien plants, laying a scientific foundation for quantifying the invasion risk of alien plants in advance.

[0021] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for assessing the risk of alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics, comprising the following steps S1 to S4: S1. Obtaining pollination ecology characteristic data of alien invasive species; the pollination ecology characteristic data of alien invasive species include flowering phenology and flower morphology parameters of alien invasive species, pollen quantity and pollen morphology parameters of alien invasive species, pollen vitality and stigma receptivity parameters of alien invasive species, flower visitor behavior and flower visitation frequency parameters of alien invasive species, and pollen dispersal distance parameters of alien invasive species; In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the flowering phenology and flower morphology parameters of the alien invasive species obtained in step S1 include: Length of flowering period, number of inflorescences, average number of flowers, height difference between stamens and pistils, width of corolla opening, depth of tube.

[0022] This embodiment selects the 5th-level invasive species that have been introduced into my country as the research object, and selects 30 plants of each species, a total of 150 species. Select more than 10 robust plants of each species and record their flowering phenology. If the total number of species is less than 10, all are observed. The date when 5% of the flowers of each plant are in an open state is recorded as the beginning of the flowering period of the species. When 95% of the flowers fall, it is recorded as the end of the flowering period. The dates of the appearance and end of the flowering phenology are converted into the number of days from January 1 of the same year, and the inflorescence and the average number of flowers are recorded simultaneously. 5-10 blooming flowers of each species are randomly selected, and the width of the corolla opening, the depth of the flower tube, the length of the stamens, the length of the pistil, and the height difference of the stamens and pistils are measured with a vernier caliper.

[0023] In this embodiment, six flowering period and flower morphology factors, namely, flowering period length, inflorescence number, average number of flowers, height difference between stamens and stamens, width of corolla opening, and depth of flower tube, are obtained through the above-mentioned measurement method.

[0024] The pollen quantity and pollen morphological parameters of the alien malignant invasive species obtained in step S1 include: Pollen quantity, pollen shape index, pollen size index, and number of germination pores.

[0025] In this embodiment, during the blooming period (more than 40% of the buds are open), 10 unopened flowers of each plant of the malignant invasive species are randomly selected, and the anthers are picked with a dissecting needle and the pollen is sprinkled on a glass slide. The number of pollen grains is observed under a microscope to estimate the pollen amount of the whole plant. 3-5 fresh flowers are selected, fresh anthers are stripped and placed in a plastic bag, and the anther wall is pierced with a dissecting needle to release the pollen grains. The pollen is opened in a ventilated and dry place indoors to avoid direct sunlight. The plastic bag is opened upward and fixed to one side of the carton, and then dried in the shade. Then, an appropriate amount of dry pollen is picked and fixed on the sample table with conductive glue, placed in an EMACE200 ion sputtering instrument for 10 minutes of gold coating treatment, and then placed in a German scanning electron microscope for observation and photographed from various angles to be retained, and the length of the equatorial axis (E) and polar axis (P) of the pollen grains is measured. The pollen feature professional terminology is used to describe and classify the features such as the shape index (SZ), size index (SI), germination pore and outer wall decoration of the pollen.

[0026] The calculation method of pollen shape index is:

[0027] in, is the pollen shape index, is the polar axis of the pollen grain, is the equatorial axis of the pollen grain; The pollen size index is calculated as:

[0028] in, is the size index of pollen.

[0029] In this example, the above observation method is used to obtain pollen amount and three pollen grain morphological factors, namely SI, SZ, and number of germination holes, for a total of four factors.

[0030] The pollen viability and stigma receptivity parameters of the alien invasive species obtained in step S1 include: Percent pollen viability and percent stigma receptivity.

[0031] In this example, 10 unopened flowers of each species were randomly selected, and after staining with TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride), three fields of view were randomly observed under an Olympus optical microscope, 100 pollen grains were observed in each field of view, and the number of pollen grains stained red (viable) was counted to determine the pollen viability.

[0032] During the flowering period, female inflorescences were collected every 2-3 days at different days after flowering. The stigma was immersed on a glass slide with benzidine-hydrogen peroxide solution added, and then brought back to the laboratory and observed under an optical microscope. The reaction liquid around the stigma was blue, and a large number of bubbles were generated, indicating that the stigma was receptive.

[0033] In this example, two factors, namely the pollen viability percentage and the stigma receptivity percentage, are obtained through the above determination method.

[0034] The flower visitor behavior and flower visit frequency parameters of the alien invasive species obtained in step S1 include: Number of flower visitor species, total number of flower visitors, and frequency of flower visits.

[0035] In this embodiment, the types, flower visiting behaviors and flower visiting frequencies of flower visitors are observed and recorded during the flowering period, and the species richness and quantity of flower visitors and the frequency of each type of flower visitor are calculated.

[0036] This embodiment uses the above observation method to obtain three factors: the number of flower visitor species, the total number of flower visitors, and the flower visit frequency.

[0037] The pollen dispersal distance parameters of the alien invasive species obtained in step S1 include: The maximum distance pollen can be spread.

[0038] This example uses the gravity slide method to detect the dispersal distance of pollen under wind-borne conditions. A slide coated with vaseline is placed on the ground every 50 m along the downwind direction, and five rows are arranged in parallel to receive pollen dispersed in the air. The wind speed is measured using a portable anemometer. After 24 hours, the slides are collected and observed under an optical microscope to record the number of pollen on the slides.

[0039] This embodiment uses the above detection method to obtain a factor of the maximum pollen dispersal distance.

[0040] S2. Obtain the distribution area of ​​invasive alien species in the assessment area; In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the distribution areas of 150 species in my country obtained by data crawling in step S2 are used as the dependent variable of stepwise regression analysis.

[0041] S3. All parameters contained in the pollination ecological characteristics data of alien invasive species were used as independent variables, and the distribution area of ​​alien invasive species in the assessment area was used as the dependent variable. A stepwise regression analysis method was used to establish a calculation model for the alien plant invasion risk index based on pollination ecological characteristics. In an optional embodiment of the present invention, step S3 uses the obtained 5 types of 16 pollination ecological characteristic factors (flowering phenology, pollen vigor, stigma receptivity, pollination mode, pollen dispersal distance and pollen morphology, etc.) data as independent variables of stepwise regression analysis to establish the optimal regression equation with the dependent variable, and this equation is the invasion risk index formula IIR (Index of invasion risk) of alien species.

[0042] The optimal regression equation refers to the regression equation that contains all independent variables that have a significant effect on the dependent variable, but does not contain independent variables that have an insignificant effect on the dependent variable. The process is: first, use univariate analysis to select independent variables that have a significant effect on the dependent variable. According to the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable, the independent variables with significant effects are introduced into the regression equation one by one from large to small, while those variables that have insignificant effects on the dependent variable are ignored. In addition, the importance of the variables that have been introduced into the regression equation may change after the introduction of new variables. When the effect is not significant, it is necessary to remove this variable from the regression equation. Introducing a variable or removing a variable from the regression equation is called a step of stepwise regression. Each step must be tested by F to ensure that the regression equation only contains variables that have a significant effect on the dependent variable before the introduction of new variables, and insignificant variables have been removed. The stepwise regression process ends when all variables in the regression equation cannot be removed and no new variables can be introduced.

[0043] The calculation model of the alien plant invasion risk index based on pollination ecological characteristics established in this embodiment is specifically:

[0044] in, is the risk index of alien plant invasion, is the intercept, is the correlation coefficient, Data on pollination ecology characteristics of invasive alien species.

[0045] S4. Use the alien plant invasion risk index calculation model based on pollination ecological characteristics to calculate the alien plant invasion risk index based on the pollination ecological characteristics data of alien invasive species and determine the alien plant invasion risk level.

[0046] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, step S4 substitutes the pollination ecology characteristic data of the alien invasive species to be evaluated into the alien plant invasion risk index calculation model based on the pollination ecology characteristics to obtain the IIR value, and divides the IIR intervals corresponding to the five levels of alien invasive species according to the IIR value to realize the invasion risk judgment of new alien species.

[0047] The existing risk level of alien plant invasion adopts a post-assessment model, which is defined based on the stable distribution frequency, distribution area and socio-economic losses caused by invasive plants in the country. The data is obtained based on large-scale surveys. At this time, invasive plants have already taken root in my country, causing certain irreparable losses to my country's biodiversity and even the environment and society.

[0048] The present invention obtains the pollination ecological characteristics of 150 invasive species with five levels of invasion risk, establishes a universal risk index calculation formula for alien invasive species, and clarifies the scientific classification and grading interval of its index. Relying on pollination ecological characteristics, using scanning electron microscopy and related theories of botany, the present invention can quickly and accurately identify alien plants with invasion risks, which can provide a basis for cross-domain introduction and breeding, and can also provide a reliable basis for the study of the invasion mechanism of alien plants.

[0049] In addition, the present invention can be carried out in any region. It only needs to adjust the local invasive species type to obtain the invasion risk index formula suitable for the local area, and clearly define the invasion risk of new species to the region. Compared with the post-invasion census, the present invention has lower cost, higher accuracy, and comprehensive factor consideration, which can greatly improve the accuracy of invasion risk warning.

[0050] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0051] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0052] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0053] The present invention uses specific embodiments to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0054] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are intended to help readers understand the principles of the present invention, and should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific variations and combinations that do not deviate from the essence of the present invention based on the technical revelations disclosed by the present invention, and these variations and combinations are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for assessing the risk of alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtaining pollination ecology characteristic data of alien invasive species; the pollination ecology characteristic data of alien invasive species include flowering phenology and floral morphological parameters of alien invasive species, pollen quantity and pollen morphological parameters of alien invasive species, pollen vitality and stigma receptivity parameters of alien invasive species, flower visitor behavior and flower visitation frequency parameters of alien invasive species, and pollen dispersal distance parameters of alien invasive species; Obtain the distribution area of ​​invasive alien species in the assessment area; All parameters contained in the pollination ecological characteristics data of invasive alien species were used as independent variables, and the distribution area of ​​invasive alien species in the assessment area was used as the dependent variable. A calculation model for the risk index of alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics was established using stepwise regression analysis. The alien plant invasion risk index calculation model based on pollination ecological characteristics is used to calculate the alien plant invasion risk index according to the pollination ecological characteristics data of alien invasive species, and the alien plant invasion risk level is determined.

2. The method for assessing the risk of alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flowering phenology and floral morphology parameters of alien invasive species include: Length of flowering period, number of inflorescences, average number of flowers, height difference between stamens and pistils, width of corolla opening, depth of tube.

3. The method for assessing the risk of alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pollen count and pollen morphology parameters of alien invasive species include: Pollen quantity, pollen shape index, pollen size index, and number of germination pores.

4. The method for assessing the risk of alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pollen shape index is calculated as: in, is the pollen shape index, is the polar axis of the pollen grain, is the equatorial axis of the pollen grain; The pollen size index is calculated as: in, is the size index of pollen.

5. The method for assessing the risk of alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pollen viability and stigma receptivity parameters for invasive alien species include: Percent pollen viability and percent stigma receptivity.

6. The method for assessing the risk of alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameters of flower visitor behavior and flower visitation frequency of invasive alien species include: Number of flower visitor species, total number of flower visitors, and frequency of flower visits.

7. The method for assessing the risk of alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pollen dispersal distance parameters for invasive alien species include: The maximum distance pollen can be spread.

8. The method for assessing the risk of alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation model of the risk index of alien plant invasion based on pollination ecological characteristics is as follows: in, is the risk index of alien plant invasion, is the intercept, is the correlation coefficient, Data on pollination ecology characteristics of invasive alien species.

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