Data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy and energy storage configuration method

Abstract

The invention discloses a data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy and an energy storage configuration method, and belongs to the field of data center energy supply. The data center energy supply system comprises energy supply modules in one-to-one correspondence with cabinets; each energy supply module comprises a hydrogen fuel cell and a lithium ion battery, and further comprises a system balance assembly used for controlling the hydrogen fuel cell and the lithium ion battery to cooperatively supply power to the corresponding cabinet in the cold start process of the hydrogen fuel cell. The system does not need to depend on a complex redundant backup system, the influence range of single-point faults is reduced, and the problem that when a traditional central fuel cell system which is arranged in a centralized mode and provided with a standby power supply supplies energy to a server, the space occupation requirement of a data center is high due to the fact that the occupied size is too large is solved; besides, the dynamic characteristic of multi-energy cooperation of multiple energy media under the complex dynamic working condition is considered, the energy storage capacity configuration method is designed, and an accurate theoretical basis is provided for reasonable planning and design of the energy storage device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of data center energy supply, and specifically to a data center energy supply system and energy storage configuration method considering multiple redundancies. Background Art

[0002] With the explosive growth of global data traffic, data centers have become a key area of ​​energy consumption and carbon emissions, and their power consumption accounts for a continuously increasing proportion of global electricity demand. The traditional model of relying on fossil fuels for power supply and diesel generators as backup power not only has a high carbon footprint, but also fails to meet the needs of green energy and sustainable development. In the context of the "dual carbon" goal, data centers are in urgent need of efficient and clean energy solutions to achieve low-carbon or even zero-carbon operation.

[0003] Fuel cells use hydrogen or other fuels as input and generate electricity directly through electrochemical reactions. They have the significant advantages of high efficiency and low emissions, making them an important choice for data center energy supply. Compared with traditional internal combustion engines, fuel cells produce almost no carbon dioxide or pollutants, and their byproducts are only water and heat. In addition, fuel cells are highly reliable and are particularly suitable for data center scenarios that require extremely high power supply continuity and stability.

[0004] However, the traditional centralized layout and central fuel cell system with backup power supply have the problem of a large impact range of single point failure on the one hand, and on the other hand, because the traditional centralized layout and central fuel cell system with backup power supply occupies too large a volume, the space occupied by the data center is also relatively large. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application aims to provide a data center energy supply system and energy storage configuration method that take into account multiple redundancies, at least to solve the problems of the impact range of single point failures and the large space requirements for the data center when the data center supplies energy to servers.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application discloses a data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy, wherein the data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy includes: Energy supply modules corresponding to each cabinet in the data center; Each of the energy supply modules comprises a hydrogen fuel cell and a lithium-ion battery respectively electrically connected to the cabinet corresponding to the energy supply module; The energy supply module also includes a system balancing component; the system balancing component is used to control the hydrogen fuel cell and the lithium-ion battery to collaboratively supply power to the cabinet corresponding to the energy supply module during the cold start of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0007] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further discloses a data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy, wherein the data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy includes: Energy supply modules corresponding to each cabinet in the data center; Each of the energy supply modules comprises a hydrogen fuel cell and a lithium-ion battery respectively electrically connected to the cabinet corresponding to the energy supply module; The energy supply module further includes a system balancing component; the system balancing component is used to control the hydrogen fuel cell and the lithium-ion battery to collaboratively supply power to the cabinet corresponding to the energy supply module during the cold start of the hydrogen fuel cell; The data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy also includes: A waste heat recovery module, a refrigeration module, and a heat pump module corresponding to each of the energy supply modules; Each of the waste heat recovery modules is thermally connected to the corresponding energy supply module to form a first heat loop; the first heat loop is used to recover the battery waste heat generated by the energy supply module; Each of the refrigeration modules is thermally connected to the cabinet corresponding to the energy supply module to form a second thermal circuit; the second thermal circuit is used to cool the cabinet; The heat pump module is thermally connected to each of the waste heat recovery modules and each of the refrigeration modules respectively; the heat pump module is used to improve the thermal quality of the recovered battery waste heat, and input the battery waste heat with improved thermal quality into the second heat circuit to reduce energy consumption in the process of cooling the cabinet by the second heat circuit.

[0008] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further discloses a method for configuring energy storage capacity of a data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancies, wherein the method for configuring energy storage capacity of a data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancies comprises: The energy balance constraints, operation constraints, and multi-time scale dynamic response constraints of the multiple redundant data center energy supply system are used as boundary conditions, and the minimized annual system expenditure of the multiple redundant data center energy supply system is used as the objective function to establish a planning model; The hydrogen storage device capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell and the electricity storage device capacity of the lithium-ion battery in each energy supply module in the multiple redundant data center energy supply system, as well as the heat storage device capacity of the waste heat recovery module and the cold storage device capacity of the refrigeration module are used as decision variables of the planning model, and the planning model is solved to determine the target hydrogen storage device capacity, target electricity storage device capacity, target heat storage device capacity, and target cold storage device capacity of the multiple redundant data center energy supply system; The hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell in each of the energy supply modules is configured according to the target hydrogen storage device capacity, and the lithium-ion battery in each of the energy supply modules is configured according to the target electricity storage device capacity, and the hot water storage tank is configured according to the target heat storage device capacity, and the cold water storage tank is configured according to the target cold storage device capacity.

[0009] In summary, in the embodiments of the present application, by adopting a modular design of "one-to-one" power supply between fuel cells and cabinets, fuel cells can be dispersedly arranged in the data center. Compared with the traditional centralized layout and central fuel cell system with backup power supply, this architecture significantly reduces the space occupancy of the data center and improves the overall power utilization efficiency. At the same time, by combining hydrogen fuel cells with lithium-ion batteries, each power supply module can independently provide power to the server, and during the cold start of the hydrogen fuel cell, the lithium battery bears the initial power demand of the server, so that in the process of supplying power to the data center, there is no need to rely on a complex redundant backup system, reducing the impact scope of single point failures; at the same time, the present application also solves the problem that when the traditional centralized layout and central fuel cell system with backup power supply supplies power to the server, the space occupancy requirement of the data center is too high due to the large volume occupied. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] In the attached picture: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancies provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is another schematic diagram of a data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancies provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the thermal cycle under the embodiment provided in this application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of waste heat recovery in the embodiment provided in this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the series-parallel connection of the waste heat recovery module in the embodiment provided in this application; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an operation mode of a hydrogen fuel cell provided according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 It is a flow chart of a method for configuring energy storage capacity of a data center energy supply system taking into account multiple redundancies provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 It is a data processing process of a method for configuring energy storage capacity of a data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancies under an embodiment provided by the present application; Among them: 10-data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy; 101-energy supply module; 1011-hydrogen fuel cell; 10110-hydrogen fuel cell stack; 10111-hydrogen storage tank; 10112-pressure reducing valve; 10113-flow controller; 10114-circulation pump; 10115-steam separator; 10116-air filter; 10117-air compressor; 10118-intercooler; 10119-humidifier; 1012-lithium-ion battery; 11-data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy; 111-energy supply module; 1111-hydrogen fuel cell; 111 2-lithium-ion battery; 112-waste heat recovery module; 1120-first circulating water pipeline; 1121-plate heat exchanger; 1122-circulating water pump; 113-refrigeration module; 1130-second circulating water pipeline; 1131-absorption refrigeration unit; 1132-cold water storage tank; 114-heat pump module; 1141-waste heat pump unit; 1111-hydrogen fuel cell; 1112-lithium-ion battery; A-first heat circuit; B-second heat circuit; 115-heat storage tank; 116-connecting water pump; X-battery waste heat; Y-battery waste heat with improved thermal quality; 201-cabinet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0012] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here, and the objects distinguished by "first", "second", etc. are generally of one type, and the number of objects is not limited. For example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims represents at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated with each other are in an "or" relationship.

[0013] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", "circumferential", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0014] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0015] like Figure 1 As shown, a data center energy supply system 10 considering multiple redundancies is provided in an embodiment of the present application, including: An energy supply module 101 corresponding to each cabinet 201 of the data center; Each energy supply module comprises a hydrogen fuel cell 1011 and a lithium-ion battery 1012 electrically connected to the cabinet corresponding to the energy supply module; The energy supply module 101 also includes a system balancing component (not shown in the figure); the system balancing component is used to control the hydrogen fuel cell 1011 and the lithium-ion battery 1012 to coordinately supply power to the cabinet 201 corresponding to the energy supply module 101 during the cold start of the hydrogen fuel cell 1011.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present application, an energy supply module 101 corresponding to each cabinet 201 of the data center is provided; and a hydrogen fuel cell 1011 and a lithium-ion battery 1012 electrically connected to the cabinet corresponding to the energy supply module are provided for each energy supply module; and then the system balance component provided in the energy supply module 101 controls the hydrogen fuel cell 1011 and the lithium-ion battery 1012 to collaboratively supply power to the cabinet 201 corresponding to the energy supply module 101 during the cold start of the hydrogen fuel cell 1011. This design allows the hydrogen fuel cells to be dispersedly arranged next to each cabinet in the data center, and decomposes the centralized power supply mode into multiple locations with small space occupation requirements, thereby reducing the space occupation of the data center and improving the efficiency of power utilization. At the same time, through the combined use of the hydrogen fuel cell 1011 and the lithium-ion battery 1012, each energy supply module 101 can independently provide power to the cabinet 201 of the server, and during the cold start of the hydrogen fuel cell 1011, the initial power demand is guaranteed by the lithium-ion battery 1012, reducing the impact range of single point failures and the reliance on complex redundant backup systems.

[0017] Optional, such as Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen fuel cell 1011 is electrically connected to the lithium-ion battery 1012; The system balancing component is also used to control the hydrogen fuel cell 1011 to charge the lithium-ion battery 1012 while controlling the hydrogen fuel cell 1011 to supply power to the cabinet 201 corresponding to the energy supply module 101 after the hydrogen fuel cell 1011 completes the cold start process.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present application, the hydrogen fuel cell 1011 is electrically connected to the lithium-ion battery 1012, and after the hydrogen fuel cell 1011 completes the cold start process, the system balance component controls the hydrogen fuel cell 1011 to charge the lithium-ion battery 1012 while controlling the hydrogen fuel cell 1011 to supply power to the cabinet 201 corresponding to the energy supply module 101. This design achieves flexible conversion between joint energy supply and independent energy supply of the hydrogen fuel cell 1011 and the lithium-ion battery 1012 by switching between different states, which not only improves the energy supply efficiency of the system, but also optimizes the charging management of the lithium-ion battery 1012, ensuring efficient and stable operation of the system.

[0019] In summary, in the embodiments of the present application, by adopting a modular design of "one-to-one" power supply between fuel cells and cabinets, fuel cells can be dispersedly arranged in the data center. Compared with the traditional centralized layout and central fuel cell system with backup power supply, this architecture significantly reduces the space occupancy of the data center and improves the overall power utilization efficiency. At the same time, by combining hydrogen fuel cells with lithium-ion batteries, each power supply module can independently provide power to the server, and during the cold start of the hydrogen fuel cell, the lithium battery bears the initial power demand of the server, so that in the process of supplying power to the data center, there is no need to rely on a complex redundant backup system, reducing the impact scope of single point failures; at the same time, the present application also solves the problem that when the traditional centralized layout and central fuel cell system with backup power supply supplies power to the server, the space occupancy requirement of the data center is too high due to the large volume occupied.

[0020] like Figure 2 As shown, a data center energy supply system 11 considering multiple redundancies is provided in an embodiment of the present application, including: An energy supply module 111, a waste heat recovery module 112, a refrigeration module 113, and a heat pump module 114 corresponding to each cabinet 201 of the data center; Each energy supply module 111 includes a hydrogen fuel cell 1111 and a lithium-ion battery 1112 electrically connected to the cabinet 201 corresponding to the energy supply module 111; The energy supply module 111 also includes a system balancing component (not shown in the figure); the system balancing component is used to control the hydrogen fuel cell 1111 and the lithium-ion battery 1112 to coordinately supply power to the cabinet 201 corresponding to the energy supply module 111 during the cold start of the hydrogen fuel cell 1111; Each waste heat recovery module 112 is thermally connected to the corresponding energy supply module 111 to form a first heat loop A; the first heat loop A is used to recover the battery waste heat X generated by the energy supply module 111; Each refrigeration module 113 is thermally connected to the cabinet 201 corresponding to the energy supply module 111 to form a second thermal loop B; the second thermal loop B is used to cool the cabinet 201; The heat pump module 114 is thermally connected to each waste heat recovery module 112 and each refrigeration module 113 respectively; the heat pump module 114 is used to improve the thermal quality of the recovered battery waste heat X, and input the battery waste heat Y with improved thermal quality into the second heat loop B to reduce the energy consumption in the process of cooling the cabinet 201 in the second heat loop B.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, an energy supply module 111 corresponding to each cabinet 201 of the data center is provided; and a hydrogen fuel cell 111 and a lithium-ion battery 112 electrically connected to the cabinet corresponding to the energy supply module are provided for each energy supply module; and then the system balance component provided in the energy supply module 111 controls the hydrogen fuel cell 1111 and the lithium-ion battery 1112 to collaboratively supply power to the cabinet 201 corresponding to the energy supply module 111 during the cold start of the hydrogen fuel cell 1111. This design allows the hydrogen fuel cells to be dispersedly arranged next to each cabinet in the data center, decomposing the centralized power supply mode into multiple locations with small space occupation requirements, thereby reducing the space occupation of the data center and improving the efficiency of power utilization. At the same time, through the combined use of the hydrogen fuel cell 1111 and the lithium-ion battery 1112, each energy supply module 111 can independently provide power to the cabinet 201 of the server, and during the cold start of the hydrogen fuel cell 1111, the lithium-ion battery 1112 guarantees the initial power demand, reducing the impact range of single point failures and the reliance on complex redundant backup systems.

[0022] Furthermore, each energy supply module 111 is connected to a heat recovery module 112 in a one-to-one correspondence, each server 201 is connected to a refrigeration module 113 in a one-to-one correspondence, and a heat pump module 114 is connected to the heat recovery module 112 and the refrigeration module 113 respectively. A first heat loop A is formed between the heat recovery module 112 and the heat pump module 114, and the first heat loop A is used to obtain the battery waste heat X emitted by the energy supply module 111 corresponding to the heat recovery module 112 when the server 201 corresponding to the energy supply module 111 is powered by the fuel power supply 1111. A second heat loop B is formed between the refrigeration module 113 and the server 201, and the second heat loop B is used to cool the server 201. The heat pump module 114 is used to input the target heat Y obtained after the quality conversion of the original power supply heat X into the refrigeration module 113, so as to reduce the energy consumption in the process of cooling the cabinet 201 in the second heat loop B. Furthermore, the refrigeration efficiency of the refrigeration module 113 is enhanced by combining the heat recovery module 112 with the heat pump module 114. Even when the waste heat supply of the fuel power source 1111 fluctuates, the heat storage device can guarantee the continuous and stable supply of waste heat to a certain extent, ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the system in complex operation scenarios.

[0023] Optional, such as Figure 3 As shown, the data center energy supply system 11 considering multiple redundancy also includes a hot water storage tank 115; The heat pump module 114 is thermally connected to the waste heat recovery module 112 via a hot water storage tank 115 .

[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, the heat pump module 114 and the waste heat recovery module 112 are thermally connected via a hot water storage tank 115. The hot water storage tank 115 is used to first collect the battery waste heat X and then transmit it to the heat pump module 114. This design utilizes the high specific heat performance of water to effectively collect the original power source heat, thereby improving the system's thermal management efficiency and stability, and ensuring that the system can work stably and efficiently in different operating scenarios.

[0025] Optional, such as Figure 4 As shown, the waste heat recovery module 112 includes a plate heat exchanger 1121 and a circulating water pump 1122 connected by a first circulating water pipeline 1120; The plate heat exchanger 1121 is used to absorb the battery waste heat generated by the energy supply module 111, and to heat the first circulating water in the first circulating water pipeline 1120 according to the battery waste heat; The circulating water pump 1122 is used to deliver the heated first circulating water into the hot water storage tank 115 .

[0026] In some embodiments of the present application, the first circulating water in the first circulating water pipe 1120 is heated by a plate heat exchanger 1121, and then the heated first circulating water is sent to the hot water storage tank 115 by a circulating water pump 1122. This design heats the heat storage water in the hot water storage tank by a plate heat exchanger, ensuring the heat circulation in the first heat circuit, thereby improving the thermal management efficiency and stability of the system, and ensuring that the system can work stably and efficiently in different operating scenarios.

[0027] Optional, such as Figure 3 As shown, the refrigeration module 113 includes an absorption refrigeration unit 1131 and a cold storage water tank 1132 connected by a second circulating water pipeline 1130, and the cold storage water tank 1132 is thermally connected to each cabinet 201 respectively.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present application, the second circulating water in the second circulating water pipe 1130 is cooled by the absorption refrigeration unit 1131, and the cooled second circulating water is sent to the cold storage water tank 1132, and then the cold storage water tank 1132 is thermally connected to each cabinet 201 to cool the cabinet. The heat circulation in the second heat loop is ensured, which can effectively improve the heat management efficiency and operation stability of the system, and ensure that the system can work stably and efficiently in different operation scenarios.

[0029] Optional, such as Figure 3 As shown, there are multiple cold storage water tanks 1132, and the multiple cold storage water tanks 1132 are respectively connected to each cabinet 201 through multi-loop pipelines; The heat pump module 114 includes a plurality of waste heat heat pump units 1141 , and the plurality of waste heat heat pump units 1141 are respectively connected to each refrigeration unit 1131 through multi-loop pipelines.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of cold storage water tanks 1132 are respectively connected to each cabinet 201 through a multi-circuit pipeline, and the heat pump module 114 includes a plurality of waste heat heat pump units 1141, and the plurality of waste heat heat pump units 1141 are respectively connected to each refrigeration unit 1131 through a multi-circuit pipeline. This design enhances the heat transfer and exchange capacity of the system by utilizing the heat exchange stability of the multi-circuit structure. Through this multi-circuit pipeline connection method, the heat management efficiency and operation stability of the system can be effectively improved, ensuring that the system can work stably and efficiently in different operation scenarios.

[0031] Optional, such as Figure 4 As shown, there are multiple waste heat recovery modules 112. When the multiple waste heat recovery modules 112 are thermally connected to the heat pump module 114 in parallel, a water pump 116 is also connected between the multiple waste heat recovery modules. The communication water pump 116 is used to transfer the battery waste heat recovered from the target waste heat recovery module to the waste heat recovery module other than the target waste heat recovery module when there is a target waste heat recovery module among the plurality of waste heat recovery modules 114 .

[0032] The target waste heat recovery module is a waste heat recovery module that blocks heat conduction to the heat pump module 114 .

[0033] In some embodiments of the present application, when the waste heat recovery module 112 is determined as the target waste heat recovery module, it is allowed to connect the target waste heat recovery module in series with other waste heat recovery modules by turning on the connected water pump 116. The target waste heat recovery module is a heat recovery module that is determined to be blocked from connecting with the heat pump module. This design improves the waste heat recovery efficiency and operating stability of the heat recovery system through flexible series and parallel switching, ensuring that the system can continue to efficiently recover waste heat when the heat recovery module fails or its performance degrades.

[0034] Optional, such as Figure 5 As shown, there are multiple waste heat recovery modules 112, and the multiple waste heat recovery modules 112 are connected in series ( Figure 5 -a), parallel mode ( Figure 5 -b) or mixed mode ( Figure 5 -c) is thermally connected to the heat pump module 114.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present application, there are multiple heat recovery modules 112, and the multiple heat recovery modules 112 are connected to the heat pump module 114 in any one of a series connection, a parallel connection, or a hybrid connection. Among them, the series connection refers to multiple heat recovery modules 112 connected in sequence, the parallel connection refers to multiple heat recovery modules 112 connected side by side, and the hybrid connection refers to a connection method combining series and parallel connections. This design can flexibly select the connection method of the heat recovery module according to actual conditions to ensure that the system can operate efficiently and stably. Through flexible connection methods, the waste heat recovery efficiency of the heat recovery module and the overall stability of the system can be improved.

[0036] like Figure 6As shown, as a specific example of the hydrogen fuel cell 1011 in the embodiment of the present application, the hydrogen fuel cell is selected as a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which adjusts the flow of liquid hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 10111 after the pressure reduction by the pressure reducing valve 10112 through the flow controller 10113 (Mass Flow Controller, MFC), and at the same time, sends the air purified by the air filter 10116 to the intercooler 11119 through the air compressor 11118 and then humidifies it through the humidifier 11120, and then sends the adjusted hydrogen and air together into the hydrogen fuel cell stack 10110 to generate electricity through the hydrogen-oxygen reaction; at the same time, the battery circulation system composed of the circulation pump 10115 and the steam-water separator 10116 is used to send the excess hydrogen remaining in the reaction back to the hydrogen cycle that is about to be sent to the hydrogen fuel cell stack 10110. On the one hand, it ensures the smooth progress of the hydrogen-oxygen reaction, and on the other hand, it ensures excess hydrogen to ensure equipment safety, ultimately obtaining stable and efficient hydrogen energy.

[0037] The specific working principles of the hydrogen fuel cells (such as the hydrogen fuel cell 1111) in other embodiments of the present application are similar to the relevant principles of the embodiments disclosed in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0038] In summary, in the embodiment of the present application, by adopting a modular design of "one-to-one" power supply between fuel cells and cabinets, fuel cells can be dispersedly arranged in the data center. Compared with the central fuel cell system with a traditional centralized layout and a backup power supply, this architecture significantly reduces the space occupied by the data center and improves the overall power utilization efficiency. At the same time, by combining hydrogen fuel cells with lithium-ion batteries, each power supply module can independently provide power to the server, and during the cold start of the hydrogen fuel cell, the lithium battery bears the initial power demand of the server, so that in the process of powering the data center, there is no need to rely on a complex redundant backup system, reducing the impact of single point failures. At the same time, the present application also solves the problem that when the central fuel cell system with a traditional centralized layout and a backup power supply supplies power to the server, due to the large occupied volume, the space occupation requirement of the data center is high; further, due to the use of a dual-circuit system of heat-to-cold conversion driven by hydrogen energy, not only can the waste heat of the fuel cell be effectively recycled, but also the high reliability refrigeration requirements of the data center can be met; ultimately, while solving the problem of large space occupation of the data center when the data center supplies power to the server, the stability and response performance in complex operating scenarios are ensured.

[0039] like Figure 7As shown, the embodiment of the present application also discloses a method for configuring energy storage capacity of a data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancies, which specifically includes the following steps: Step 301, using the energy balance constraints, operation constraints, and multi-time scale dynamic response constraints of the multiple redundant data center energy supply system as boundary conditions, and minimizing the annual system expenditure of the multiple redundant data center energy supply system as the objective function, to establish a planning model.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present application, considering that the current multi-media energy storage selection and sizing methods are mostly based on experience or rule-based configuration, the dynamic characteristics of multi-energy synergy of multiple energy media under complex dynamic conditions are ignored, resulting in insufficient energy storage capacity or insufficient dynamic response capability of the discharge power, and it is difficult to ensure the stable operation of the system under complex dynamic conditions; therefore, this method analyzes the internal multi-energy synergy characteristics of the system and introduces dynamic operation constraints under multiple time scales. The energy balance constraints, operation constraints, and multi-time scale dynamic response constraints of the multiple redundant data center energy supply system are first used as boundary conditions, and the minimized annual system expenditure of the multiple redundant data center energy supply system is used as the objective function to establish a planning model. The reason for doing this is to ensure that the system achieves economy and efficiency during operation and meets the constraints of energy balance and dynamic response. In this process, a comprehensive planning model is established by taking the minimization of annual system expenditure as the objective function and combining conditions such as energy balance, equipment operation and dynamic response. This design optimizes the economy and operation efficiency of the system, so that the entire multi-redundant data center green energy supply system can achieve the lowest annual system expenditure while meeting various constraints, and improve the overall efficiency and operation stability of the system.

[0041] In a specific example, in order to reduce the operating costs of a large data center, engineers set the minimization of the annual system expenditure of the multi-redundant data center green energy supply system as the objective function, and established an optimization planning model with the system's energy balance constraints, the operating constraints of energy conversion equipment and energy storage equipment, and the dynamic response constraints as boundary conditions. Through this model, it is possible to find the lowest annual system expenditure plan while ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the system, ultimately reducing the overall operating costs of the data center.

[0042] Step 302, taking the hydrogen storage equipment capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell and the electricity storage equipment capacity of the lithium-ion battery in each energy supply module in the multiple redundant data center energy supply system, as well as the heat storage equipment capacity of the waste heat recovery module, and the cold storage equipment capacity of the refrigeration module as decision variables of the planning model, solving the planning model to determine the target hydrogen storage equipment capacity, target electricity storage equipment capacity, target heat storage equipment capacity, and target cold storage equipment capacity of the multiple redundant data center energy supply system.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, after the planning model is established, the hydrogen storage device capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell and the power storage device capacity of the lithium-ion battery in each energy supply module of the multiple redundant data center energy supply system, as well as the heat storage device capacity of the waste heat recovery module, and the cold storage device capacity of the refrigeration module are used as decision variables of the planning model, and the planning model is solved to determine the target hydrogen storage device capacity, target power storage device capacity, target heat storage device capacity, and target cold storage device capacity of the multiple redundant data center energy supply system. The reason for doing this is to accurately determine the capacity requirements of each energy storage system to achieve the optimal configuration and efficient operation of the system. In this process, it specifically includes inputting the capacity of each energy storage system as a variable into the planning model, and obtaining the optimal capacity of each energy storage device by solving the model. This design optimizes the capacity configuration of the energy storage system to ensure that each module can achieve the economy and efficiency of the system while meeting the energy demand, thereby improving the overall benefits of the green energy supply system of the data center.

[0044] In a specific example, in order to determine the energy storage capacity of a data center green energy supply system, the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell and the electricity storage capacity of the lithium-ion battery in each energy supply module of the multi-redundant data center energy supply system, as well as the heat storage capacity of the waste heat recovery module and the cold storage capacity of the refrigeration module are used as decision variables of the planning model. By solving the model, the target hydrogen storage capacity, target electricity storage capacity, target heat storage capacity, and target cold storage capacity of the multi-redundant data center energy supply system can be determined to ensure efficient operation of the system under different operating scenarios and the lowest annual system expenditure. This process not only optimizes the system configuration, but also improves the economy and stability of the system.

[0045] like Figure 8 As shown in the figure, after obtaining the system parameters and meeting the requirements, the obtained system parameters and meeting the requirements are determined by the planning model. The objective function, constraints and decision variables are finally optimized according to the preset result characteristics, and the optimal optimization result is finally obtained: The objective function is to minimize the annual system expenditure, including capital output within 8760 hours (T) ) and operating expenses ( ).

[0046]

[0047]

[0048]

[0049]

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] in, Refers to the capital expenditure formed by hydrogen storage, electricity storage, heat storage, and cold storage, among which Capital expenditure for system equipment, is the capacity of the hydrogen storage device, is the rated capacity of the storage device, is the capacity of the heat storage device, is the capacity of the cold storage device; is the investment recovery coefficient, For interest rates, For the service life of the equipment. is the cost of hydrogen, where For hydrogen purchased from the market, is the price of hydrogen.

[0053] The energy balance constraints have the following relationship: Hydrogen is purchased from hydrogen manufacturers. The hydrogen storage device has the same function as the heat and cold storage device. Hydrogen is used to meet the hydrogen demand of fuel cells. For hydrogen energy balance:

[0054] For hydrogen purchased from the market, is the hydrogen output from the hydrogen storage device, For the hydrogen gas input into the hydrogen storage device, To provide hydrogen for fuel cells.

[0055] The system's electricity is generated from fuel cells and power storage devices. The generated electricity is used to supply data center servers, waste heat heat pumps and power storage devices. For power balance:

[0056] For the electricity generated by the fuel cell, Power generated for storage devices, , The power demand of the server and the waste heat pump, To store electricity in storage equipment.

[0057] The heat source of the system is the waste heat generated by the fuel cell. The heat storage device can store and provide heat energy at the same time. For heat energy balance:

[0058] The waste heat generated by the fuel cell, The heat energy provided to the heat storage equipment, To store heat energy in heat storage equipment, The heat energy provided to the waste heat heat pump.

[0059] The absorption refrigeration unit generates cooling energy by capturing the high-quality heat source provided by the waste heat heat pump; the cold storage device can store and provide cooling energy at the same time, for the balance of cold energy:

[0060] The cooling energy generated by the absorption refrigeration unit, Cooling energy provided to cold storage equipment, To store cooling energy in cold storage equipment, To meet the cooling needs of server equipment.

[0061] As for the operating constraints of energy conversion equipment, there are the following relations: For hydrogen storage tanks and fuel cells:

[0062]

[0063] is a constant that refers to the ratio of hydrogen to electricity in fuel cells. is the fuel cell rated power. Here, the fuel cell rated power is set to a certain value. The specific power value should match the server power demand. It can be set to in Take 1.3-1.4 to consider 30%-40% redundant design.

[0064] For fuel cells and hot water storage tanks:

[0065] in , , They refer to the fuel cell electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, and heat recovery device efficiency respectively.

[0066] For hot water storage tanks and waste heat heat pumps:

[0067]

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] The waste heat pump is used to convert the low-grade waste heat of the fuel cell recovered by the heat storage device into a high-quality heat source. is the energy efficiency coefficient of the waste heat heat pump, is the rated power of the waste heat heat pump. Here, the waste heat heat pump power is set to a certain value. , is the rated power of the fuel cell.

[0071] For waste heat heat pumps and absorption chillers:

[0072]

[0073] The absorption refrigeration unit is used to convert the high-quality heat source generated by the waste heat heat pump into cold energy. is the heat-to-cooling efficiency coefficient of the absorption refrigeration unit, The rated cooling capacity of the absorption refrigeration unit is set to a certain value. This is similar to the fuel cell power design Take 1.3-1.4 to consider 30%-40% redundant design.

[0074] For the operation constraints of energy storage equipment, it is necessary to ensure that the hydrogen storage is balanced at each stage and the remaining hydrogen cannot exceed the rated capacity of the hydrogen storage device. Therefore, there are:

[0075]

[0076] To ensure that the power storage at each stage is balanced and the remaining power does not exceed the rated capacity of the power storage device, there are:

[0077]

[0078] in , are the charging and discharging power of the storage device, , are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage device, respectively.

[0079] To ensure that the heat storage is balanced at each stage and the residual heat energy does not exceed the rated capacity of the heat storage device, we have:

[0080]

[0081] To ensure that the cold storage is balanced at each stage and the remaining cold energy does not exceed the rated capacity of the cold storage device, there are:

[0082]

[0083] For multi-time scale dynamic response constraints, there are the following relations:

[0084]

[0085]

[0086]

[0087]

[0088]

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] in: , , , are the unit dynamic response time of the electricity storage, hydrogen storage, heat storage, and cold storage modules respectively; , , . , , , They are respectively the charging power and discharging power of the electric storage device at time t, the hydrogen supply rate of the hydrogen storage device at time t, the heating power of the heat storage device at time t, and the cooling power of the cooling storage device at time t; , , , are the maximum value of the change in energy storage capacity of each energy storage device within its unit dynamic response time.

[0092] When establishing the optimization planning model, the energy balance equation is first established to ensure the dynamic balance between the input, output and storage of multi-media energy such as electricity, heat, cold, and hydrogen in the system, and accurately reflect the energy flow and coupling relationship of each energy storage module. Secondly, based on the system's second-level and minute-level dynamic response requirements, the dynamic response constraints of each energy storage module are constructed to ensure that the electricity storage module can meet the rapid load change scenario of the fuel cell cold start phase, the hydrogen storage module supports the minute-level hydrogen supply demand, and the heat storage and cold storage modules meet the long-term heat and cold demand. Combined with the dynamic response time constant τ and the capacity upper limit constraint, the dynamic characteristics and physical boundaries of each energy storage module are accurately described. Finally, the objective function is solved with the help of the optimization solver to obtain the optimal capacity configuration plan of the energy storage system. This method fully considers the energy balance, multi-time scale response characteristics and multi-energy synergy, which not only ensures the economy of the energy storage system, but also ensures the stability and response performance in complex operation scenarios, and provides a precise theoretical basis for the reasonable planning and design of the energy storage system.

[0093] Step 303, configure the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell in each energy supply module according to the target hydrogen storage device capacity, configure the lithium-ion battery in each energy supply module according to the target power storage device capacity, configure the hot water storage tank according to the target heat storage device capacity, and configure the cold water storage tank according to the target cold storage device capacity.

[0094] In some embodiments of the present application, the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell in each energy supply module will eventually be configured according to the target hydrogen storage device capacity, and the lithium-ion battery in each energy supply module will be configured according to the target power storage device capacity, and the hot water storage tank will be configured according to the target heat storage device capacity, and the cold water storage tank will be configured according to the target cold storage device capacity. For example, the hydrogen storage device capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell in each energy supply module can be configured according to the target hydrogen storage device capacity, and the power storage capacity of the lithium-ion battery in each energy supply module can be configured according to the target power storage device capacity, and the heat storage capacity of the hot water storage tank can be configured according to the target heat storage device capacity, and the cold storage capacity of the cold water storage tank can be configured according to the target cold storage device capacity. The reason for doing this is to ensure that each energy storage module can be effectively deployed according to the optimized capacity configuration, meet the energy needs of the system and achieve efficient operation. In this process, it specifically includes configuring the hydrogen storage device, power storage device, heat storage device and cold storage device according to the results of the solved planning model to achieve the optimal performance of the system. This design ensures that each energy storage module can work together efficiently in actual operation by configuring it according to the optimized target capacity, thereby improving the overall efficiency and stability of the data center's green energy supply system.

[0095] In a specific example, after determining the target hydrogen storage capacity, target electricity storage capacity, target heat storage capacity, and target cold storage capacity of the data center green energy supply system, the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell in each energy supply module will be configured according to the target hydrogen storage capacity, and the lithium-ion battery in each energy supply module will be configured according to the target electricity storage capacity, and the hot water storage tank will be configured according to the target heat storage capacity, and the cold water storage tank will be configured according to the target cold storage capacity. This ensures that each hydrogen fuel cell can meet the power demand of the corresponding cabinet, the lithium-ion battery can provide sufficient auxiliary power during the cold start process, the hot water storage tank can effectively collect the battery waste heat, and the cold water storage tank can provide the required cooling capacity for each cabinet no matter what time of the year and no matter what complex dynamic working conditions there are, so as to ensure the dynamic response of the charging and discharging power through coordinated operation, so that the system can still operate stably under complex dynamic working conditions.

[0096] In summary, in the embodiment of the present application, based on the modular design of "one-to-one" power supply between fuel cells and cabinets, fuel cells can be dispersedly arranged in the data center. Compared with the central fuel cell system with a traditional centralized layout and a backup power supply, this architecture significantly reduces the space occupied by the data center and improves the overall power utilization efficiency. At the same time, by combining hydrogen fuel cells with lithium-ion batteries, each power supply module can independently provide power to the server, and during the cold start of the hydrogen fuel cell, the lithium battery bears the initial power demand of the server, so that in the process of powering the data center, there is no need to rely on a complex redundant backup system, reducing the impact of single point failures. At the same time, the present application also solves the problem that when the central fuel cell system with a traditional centralized layout and a backup power supply supplies power to the server, due to the large occupied volume, the space occupation requirement of the data center is high; further, due to the use of a dual-circuit system of heat-to-cold conversion driven by hydrogen energy, not only can the waste heat of the fuel cell be effectively recycled, but also the high reliability refrigeration requirements of the data center can be met; ultimately, while solving the problem of large space occupation of the data center when the data center supplies power to the server, the stability and response performance in complex operating scenarios are ensured. Furthermore, the configuration method provided in the embodiment of the present application fully considers the energy balance, multi-time scale response characteristics and multi-energy coordination relationship between components of the data center energy supply system with multiple redundancies, which not only ensures the economy of the energy storage system, but also ensures the stability and response performance in complex operating scenarios, and provides a precise theoretical basis for the rational planning and design of the energy storage system.

[0097] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0098] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and purpose of the present application, and the scope of the present application is limited by the claims and their equivalents. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present application after considering the specification and practicing the application disclosed herein. The present application is intended to encompass any variation, use or adaptation of the present application, which follows the general principles of the present application and includes common knowledge or customary technical means in the art that are not disclosed in the present disclosure. The specification and embodiments are intended to be exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present application are indicated by the following claims.

[0099] It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy, characterized in that: The data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy includes: Energy supply modules corresponding to each cabinet in the data center; Each of the energy supply modules comprises a hydrogen fuel cell and a lithium-ion battery respectively electrically connected to the cabinet corresponding to the energy supply module; The energy supply module also includes a system balancing component; the system balancing component is used to control the hydrogen fuel cell and the lithium-ion battery to collaboratively supply power to the cabinet corresponding to the energy supply module during the cold start of the hydrogen fuel cell.

2. The data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell is electrically connected to the lithium-ion battery; The system balancing component is also used to control the hydrogen fuel cell to charge the lithium-ion battery while controlling the hydrogen fuel cell to supply power to the cabinet corresponding to the energy supply module after the hydrogen fuel cell completes the cold start process.

3. The data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy also includes: A waste heat recovery module, a refrigeration module, and a heat pump module corresponding to each of the energy supply modules; Each of the waste heat recovery modules is thermally connected to the corresponding energy supply module to form a first heat loop; the first heat loop is used to recover the battery waste heat generated by the energy supply module; Each of the refrigeration modules is thermally connected to the cabinet corresponding to the energy supply module to form a second thermal circuit; the second thermal circuit is used to cool the cabinet; The heat pump module is thermally connected to each of the waste heat recovery modules and each of the refrigeration modules respectively; the heat pump module is used to improve the thermal quality of the recovered battery waste heat, and input the battery waste heat with improved thermal quality into the second heat circuit to reduce energy consumption in the process of cooling the cabinet by the second heat circuit.

4. The data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy also includes a hot water storage tank; The heat pump module and the waste heat recovery module are thermally connected via the hot water storage tank.

5. The data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The waste heat recovery module includes a plate heat exchanger and a circulating water pump connected by a first circulating water pipeline; The plate heat exchanger is used to absorb the battery waste heat generated by the energy supply module, and to heat the first circulating water of the first circulating water pipeline according to the battery waste heat; The circulating water pump is used to deliver the heated first circulating water into the hot water storage tank.

6. The data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: There are multiple waste heat recovery modules, and the multiple waste heat recovery modules are thermally connected to the heat pump module in any one of a series connection, a parallel connection or a mixed connection.

7. The data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The refrigeration module comprises an absorption refrigeration unit and a cold storage water tank connected by a second circulating water pipeline, and the cold storage water tank is thermally connected to each of the cabinets respectively.

8. The data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: There are multiple cold storage water tanks, and each of the multiple cold storage water tanks is connected to each cabinet through a multi-circuit pipeline; The heat pump module comprises a plurality of waste heat heat pump units, and the plurality of waste heat heat pump units are respectively connected to each of the refrigeration units through multi-circuit pipelines.

9. The data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancy as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: There are multiple waste heat recovery modules. When the multiple waste heat recovery modules are thermally connected to the heat pump module in parallel, a water pump is also connected between the multiple waste heat recovery modules. The connecting water pump is used to transfer the battery waste heat recovered from the target waste heat recovery module to a waste heat recovery module other than the target waste heat recovery module when there is a target waste heat recovery module among the multiple waste heat recovery modules; the target waste heat recovery module is a waste heat recovery module that blocks heat conduction to the heat pump module.

10. A method for configuring energy storage capacity of a data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancies, characterized in that: The energy storage capacity configuration method of the data center energy supply system considering multiple redundancies includes: The energy balance constraints, operation constraints, and multi-time scale dynamic response constraints of the multiple redundant data center energy supply system are used as boundary conditions, and the minimized annual system expenditure of the multiple redundant data center energy supply system is used as the objective function to establish a planning model; The hydrogen storage device capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell and the electricity storage device capacity of the lithium-ion battery in each energy supply module in the multiple redundant data center energy supply system, as well as the heat storage device capacity of the waste heat recovery module and the cold storage device capacity of the refrigeration module are used as decision variables of the planning model, and the planning model is solved to determine the target hydrogen storage device capacity, target electricity storage device capacity, target heat storage device capacity, and target cold storage device capacity of the multiple redundant data center energy supply system; The hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell in each of the energy supply modules is configured according to the target hydrogen storage device capacity, and the lithium-ion battery in each of the energy supply modules is configured according to the target electricity storage device capacity, and the hot water storage tank is configured according to the target heat storage device capacity, and the cold water storage tank is configured according to the target cold storage device capacity.

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