High voltage battery system

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-voltage battery system (1) for storing electrical energy in a plurality of basic memory units (4) which are electrically connected to one another and which are monitored and controlled by a battery management system (7) by means of simulated lines and / or data lines (6), and the connected basic memory unit (4) is electrically connected with an external high-voltage connection port (10) through a high-voltage path (5) by using a circuit breaker (8) in a high-voltage junction box (9). In order to provide a high-voltage battery system which can be transported and assembled more easily with adaptable capacities, it is proposed that the high-voltage battery system (1) comprises a base system (2) in which at least one node (3) to a substantially electrically similar subsystem (12) is provided, the node (3) is designed as an interface for a simulated line (6) and / or a data line of the subsystem (12) to a battery management system (7) of the base system (2) and as an interface for a high-voltage path (5) of the subsystem (12), and the subsystem (12) itself comprises substantially only modules (Mod) connected to one another.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a high-voltage battery system for storing electrical energy in a plurality of interconnected basic storage units, wherein the basic storage units are monitored and regulated by a battery management system and the connected basic storage units are electrically connected to an external high-voltage connection port via a circuit breaker in a high-voltage junction box. Background Art

[0002] From the prior art, a number of methods are known for assembling high-voltage battery systems of the type mentioned above, which are designed as stationary systems in the case of very high capacities.

[0003] Most high-voltage battery systems are installed in containers and have a gateway for controlling the parallel-connected sub-battery systems. The disadvantage is that the known high-voltage battery systems are very large, heavy and difficult to handle during transportation and installation. In this regard, there is an increasing demand for stationary high-voltage battery storage for grid stability or as an emergency power supply of different sizes or capacities. Currently, there are few scalable applications for stationary high-voltage energy storages of the type described with high capacities. Without suitable new developments, standard sizes have to be used. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a high-voltage battery system which, with an adaptable capacity, can be transported and assembled more easily.

[0005] In a high-voltage battery system for storing electrical energy in a plurality of interconnected basic storage units, the basic storage units are connected via analog lines and / or data lines under the monitoring and regulation of a battery management system, and the connected basic storage units are electrically connected to an external high-voltage connection port via a high-voltage path by means of a circuit breaker in a high-voltage junction box, the object is solved according to the invention by the features of claim 1 in the following manner: the high-voltage battery system comprises a basic system, in which at least one node to a substantially electrically homogeneous subsystem is provided, the node being constructed as an interface for the analog lines and / or data lines of the subsystem to the battery management system, and as a connection port for the high-voltage path of the subsystem, and the subsystem itself substantially only comprises modules connected to each other. As a result, the total capacity of the high-voltage battery system can be more easily adapted in a defined incremental expansion by a plurality of subsystems. The adaptation of the total capacity of the high-voltage battery system according to the invention can be performed by connecting one or more subsystems to a node in the basic system, with a reduced number of battery management systems.

[0006] The present invention is based on the following understanding: even in the case of a high-voltage battery system, the mechanical requirements for on-site transportation, assembly and installation of a high-voltage battery system consisting of multiple units are significantly simplified by connecting at least one subsystem. The basic system forms a first unit and can be used for its own operation as a high-voltage battery system with a specific capacity and power. Compared with the basic system, the subsystems that are basically electrically the same are preferably standardized structural groups, which also simplify the scalability of the high-voltage battery system according to the present invention in two aspects: the system structure with basically the same electrical characteristics is also basically the same, and requires basically the same space and the same operating conditions. This is an important advantage for the selection of electrical components, but also in terms of mechanical fixing and cooling. But at the same time, the subsystem also accesses resources of the basic system that do not exist in the subsystem: the subsystem is connected to the battery management system of the basic system via an interface for analog lines and / or data lines. Therefore, the subsystem does not have its own independent battery management system in addition. Due to the homogeneity of the electrical settings of the connection to the basic storage unit of the basic system, the subsystem can also be monitored and adjusted by the battery management system of the basic system. The subsystem can therefore be regarded as a passive system at least from the perspective of regulation technology, and the basic system is relatively regarded as an active system. In this case, at least one subsystem can be arranged spatially separated from the basic system, so that in a preferred embodiment of the invention a distributed structure can be obtained, which consists of at least one basic system and at least one subsystem electrically connected thereto.

[0007] Advantageous developments are the subject of dependent claims, according to which the node is arranged in the region of a high-voltage distribution box of the basic system. The high-voltage distribution box can thus be further expanded as a hub for a variety of interfaces at low cost.

[0008] In an advantageous development of the invention, the interface for the high-voltage path of the subsystem is designed as a parallel circuit. The electrical homogeneity of the base system and at least one subsystem thus consists at least in a common voltage level in the region of the node.

[0009] In a development of the high-voltage battery system according to the invention, a current measuring point is arranged in the high-voltage path of the subsystem, which current measuring point is arranged before the node in one embodiment of the invention. Preferably, the current measuring point is designed as a Hall effect sensor with low losses and compactness.

[0010] In an advantageous development of the invention, the interfaces in the node for the high-voltage paths and / or the analog lines and / or the data lines of the subsystems are designed as connectors.

[0011] The interfaces for the high-voltage paths and / or analog lines and / or data lines of the subsystems are preferably designed in the node as electromechanical connections with connectors.

[0012] In an advantageous development, the connector of the subsystem comprises the interfaces of the high-voltage path and the low-voltage path in a common housing. Thus, a safe and compact design is provided for a reliable electrical connection of the subsystem to the node of the base system.

[0013] In a preferred development, the device according to the invention has an advantageous fuse in that the connector of the subsystem comprises a switch, by means of which the connector of the high-voltage path can be closed only when the node is mechanically and securely fixed.

[0014] Preferably, the high-voltage battery system according to the present invention comprises a series circuit with basic storage cells, a contactor as a switch in the high-voltage path, a subsystem of a fuse, and preferably also a power saver, which is used for internal coil current regulation of the contactor instead of external pulse width modulation or PWM regulation.

[0015] In a further development of the invention, the low-voltage power supply of the circuit breaker or contactor of the subsystem is conducted via a switch in the connector of the high-voltage path, thereby ensuring a current-free and potential-free connection of the high-voltage connector until a mechanically safe electrical connection of the connector is present in the node. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Further features and advantages of embodiments according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments using the drawings.

[0017] In the schematic diagram:

[0018] Figure 1 A circuit diagram showing a first exemplary embodiment of a high-voltage battery system with at least one node as a basic system;

[0019] Figure 2 A circuit diagram showing a second exemplary embodiment of a high-voltage battery system with a node having two interfaces as a basic system;

[0020] Figure 3 A circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the subsystem, and

[0021] Figure 4 A block diagram showing an embodiment of a scalably expandable high voltage battery system using a base system and subsystems connected thereto. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In the various figures, the same reference numerals are always used for the same elements or method steps. Without limiting the invention, only one use of a high-voltage battery system is presented and described below, which is particularly designed for stationary use as an emergency power supply system or balancing storage with a large capacity. However, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the use of distributed energy storage in land, water or air vehicles can be adapted in the same way, especially in the case of a method using a battery chassis.

[0023] Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the first embodiment of a high-voltage battery system 1 as a basic system 2 with at least one node 3 is shown. The high-voltage battery system 1 is constructed with a plurality of electrically connected basic electrochemical storage cells 4 for storing electrical energy, preferably cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, which are connected to each other in the form of modules Mod in this embodiment. Here, 16 modules Mod are connected to each other in a series circuit. As shown by the similar count, each Mod module is equipped with its own cell monitoring circuit esc. The cell monitoring circuit esc continuously monitors the corresponding module Mod through different sensors in order to generate corresponding measurement data and status data on this basis. Based on the data of the cell monitoring circuit esc, the upper control and regulation of the aforementioned electrochemical storage components are carried out in the battery management system 7 (BMS for short). The module Mod has an analog line 5 for transmitting power and a data line 6 for transmitting data for regulation and monitoring to the battery management system 7, which is implemented as a reversible isoSPI data line. The simulated line 5 is designed as a high-voltage path as an electrical connection of a module Mod consisting of basic storage units 4 connected to one another, which extends via a circuit breaker 8 in a high-voltage junction box 9 to an external high-voltage connection eHV con 10 for both polarities.

[0024] In addition to the battery management system 7 operating at the 12V low voltage level, the high-voltage junction box 9 also includes a circuit breaker 8 connected to the battery management system 7 via an analog control line, which is provided for each polarity and basically also includes a fuse F and a current measuring resistor SNT, which is in turn connected to the battery management system 7 via a reversible isoSPI data line 6. The data line 6 at the high-voltage junction box 9 runs from the battery management system 7 to the external low-voltage connection eLV con 11 of the isoSPI bus.

[0025] The aforementioned system known from the prior art is now expanded as a basic system 2 for expandable expansion of the electrical capacity via at least one node 3 on the high-voltage path 5, to which at least one substantially electrically homogeneous subsystem 12 is connected. The node 3 is arranged in the area of ​​the high-voltage junction box 9 and has as a connection port a connector 13 for the high-voltage path 5 of the subsystem 12 at the low-voltage level and also has an interface for the data line 6 of the subsystem 12 to the battery management system 7 of the basic system 2, as described in detail below.

[0026] In this embodiment, the interface for connecting the high-voltage path 6 of the subsystem 12 to the high-voltage path 6 of the basic system 2 is connected as a parallel circuit in the node 3 via the high-voltage connector 13. Therefore, in this embodiment, two subsystems 12 can be connected or connected to the basic system 2 in the area of ​​the node 3 in a parallel circuit.

[0027] Figure 2 The circuit diagram of the second embodiment of a high-voltage battery system as a basic system 2 with a node 3 including two interfaces or connectors 13 is shown. In the expansion of the first embodiment, a current measurement position 14 is now provided in the high-voltage path 5 of the basic system 12. The current measurement position 14 is provided before the node 3 for measuring the current of each branch and is respectively designed as a Hall effect sensor. Therefore, the current of each subsystem in up to two subsystems 12 can be determined separately. The measured data is transmitted to the battery management system 7 via the CAN, KI15 or KI30C data line 6 and is also further guided to a higher layer via the low-voltage connector eLV-con of the high-voltage junction box 7. Therefore, in a manner not shown in addition, the vehicle control unit VCU communicates with the battery management system 7 of the basic system 2, and through the battery management system 7, it also communicates with the subsystems 12 connected to the basic system 2 respectively via the node 3. The elimination of its own battery management system 7 in the subsystem 12 significantly saves costs, but in this embodiment, the number of subsystems 12 that can be connected to the basic system 2 is limited to two. Therefore, it is also not possible to set additional connection ports for other parallel circuits in the node 3.

[0028] Figure 3A circuit diagram of an embodiment of a subsystem 12 is shown. The subsystem 12 itself basically only includes a series circuit of 16 modules and therefore corresponds to one of the aforementioned basic systems 2 in terms of electrical characteristics. However, from the perspective of monitoring and regulation, the subsystem 12 is a passive system because it does not include its own battery management system BMS, but is monitored and regulated by the corresponding battery management system BMS of the basic system 2 to which it is connected. The high-voltage path 5 only has a fuse F and two circuit breakers SW. In the embodiment, the connector 15 of the subsystem 12 in the housing includes interfaces for the high-voltage path 5 and the low-voltage path 6. The connector 15 of the subsystem 12 includes a switch 16, which is constructed so that the high-voltage path 5 can be connected only when it is mechanically secured to the connector 13 of the node 3. For safety, the low-voltage power supply of the contactor SW of the subsystem 12 is guided in the connector 15 through the switch 16. Each subsystem 12 therefore basically only includes modules Mod connected to each other, and is therefore a pure expansion of the electrical storage capacity without its own regulation and monitoring functionality. While having essentially the same structural dimensions as the basic system 2 , the subsystem 12 is therefore also more cost-effective than the basic system 2 .

[0029] Figure 4 The block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a high-voltage battery system 1 is shown, which is expandable and can therefore be flexibly expanded according to the corresponding requirements. Previously, the series and / or parallel connection of components in the corresponding range of a plurality of basic systems 2 was known. Each of the basic systems 2 can now be expanded by one or two parallel subsystems 12 via the aforementioned nodes 3 in the sense of a stepwise or expandable expansion of the electrical capacity of the high-voltage battery system 1. The high-voltage battery system 1 in the overview can thus be expanded step by step using a basic system 2 and a respective maximum of two subsystems 12 connected thereto, without requiring additional circuits and / or adaptation work in the relevant basic system 2. In the present exemplary embodiment, the maximum expansion level of the high-voltage battery system 1 is realized with 16 basic systems 2 and two subsystems 12 connected thereto as rows #1 to #16. Thus, in an overall system consisting of (1+2)*16=48 cells that are electrically homogeneous in their storage properties, each cell can include 16 basic electrochemical storage cells 4 connected in series with one another. By limiting the number of battery management systems 7 to 16, the entire device can be safely monitored and regulated in the overview maximum expansion level.

[0030] The above thus describes a high-voltage battery system which can be transported and assembled more easily than known devices in the case of an adaptable total capacity by expansion in the form of a subsystem 12. In addition, according to one form of the invention, a stationary high-voltage energy storage device with a high capacity can be assembled more flexibly in a simplified operation of the subsystem by its different positioning. At the same time, the design reduces the complexity of the subsystem 12 by utilizing the control and monitoring functions of the respectively assigned basic system 2, at least by omitting the respectively separate battery management system, in the case of a safe and reliable connection via the node 3.

[0031] Reference numerals list

[0032] eHV-con External high voltage connector

[0033] eLV-con External Low Voltage Connector

[0034] Mod

[0035] CSC unit monitoring circuit, assigned to each module Mod

[0036] CON Connector

[0037] F Safety device

[0038] SHN Current Measurement Resistors / Shunts

[0039] SW switch

[0040] PCR Pre-charge resistor / Pre-charge resistor

[0041] 1 High-voltage battery system

[0042] 2 Basic System

[0043] 3 Nodes

[0044] 4 Basic electrochemical memory unit or module

[0045] 5 Simulated Line / High Voltage Path

[0046] 6 Data lines / bus

[0047] 7 Battery Management System / BMS

[0048] 8 Circuit Breaker

[0049] 9 High voltage junction box

[0050] 10 External high voltage connection port

[0051] 11 External low voltage connection to isoSPI bus

[0052] 12 Subsystem

[0053] 13 Connector / subsystem 12 to the connection area on the base system 2

[0054] 14 Current measurement bits

[0055] 15 Connector for subsystem 12 / CON

[0056] 16 Switch in connector 15

Claims

1. A high-voltage battery system (1) for storing electrical energy in a plurality of basic storage cells (4) electrically connected to one another, The basic memory unit is connected via analog lines and / or data lines (6) under the monitoring and regulation of a battery management system (7) and The basic storage unit (4) having a connection is electrically connected to an external high-voltage connection port (10) via a high-voltage path (5) using a circuit breaker (8) in a high-voltage junction box (9), characterized in that: The high-voltage battery system (7) comprises a basic system (2), At least one node (3) to a substantially electrically homogeneous subsystem (12) is provided in the base system (2). The node (3) is constructed as an interface for the analog lines and / or data lines (6) of the subsystem (12) to the battery management system (7) of the basic system (2), and as an interface for the high-voltage path (8) of the subsystem (12), and the subsystem (12) itself basically only includes modules (Mod) connected to each other.

2. The high-voltage battery system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that The node (3) is arranged in the area of ​​the high-voltage distribution box (9).

3. The high-voltage battery system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The interface for the high-voltage path (5) of the subsystem (12) is designed as a parallel circuit in the base system (2).

4. The high-voltage battery system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that A current measuring point (14) is provided in the high-voltage path (8) of the basic system (2).

5. The high-voltage battery system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that The current measurement bit (14) is arranged before the node (3).

6. The high-voltage battery system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The current measuring point (14) is designed as a Hall effect sensor.

7. The high-voltage battery system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The interface for the high-voltage path (5) and / or the analog line and / or the data line (6) of the subsystem (12) is designed in the node (3) as an electromechanical connection with a connector (15).

8. The high-voltage battery system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that The connector (15) of the subsystem (12) comprises a high voltage path (5) and a low voltage path for a data line (6) in a common housing.

9. The high-voltage battery system (1) according to any one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that The connector (15) of the subsystem (12) comprises a switch (16) which is designed to connect the connector (15) only when the high-voltage path (5) is mechanically secured to the node (3).

10. The high-voltage battery system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The subsystem (12) comprises a series circuit of basic storage units (4), a contactor as a circuit breaker (8) in the high-voltage path (5), and a fuse (F).

11. The high-voltage battery system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that The subsystem (12) includes a power saver.

12. The high-voltage battery system (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that The low-voltage power supply of the circuit breaker (8) of the subsystem (12) is directed through the switch (16) in the connector (15) of the high-voltage path.

Images