Rapid seedling raising method for lychee leaf red bean seeds

Abstract

The invention provides a rapid seedling raising method for lychee leaf ormosia seeds, and belongs to the technical field of ormosia hosiei seedling raising. The rapid seedling raising method for the lychee leaf red bean seeds comprises the steps of mechanical seed coat breaking, seed soaking, sowing, transplanting and the like. The seed soaking solution comprises the following effective components: gibberellin, 2, 4-epibrassinolide and carbendazim, gibberellin and 2, 4-epibrassinolide can cooperatively break dormancy of the litchi leaf red bean seeds and promote germination of the litchi leaf red bean seeds, and the germination rate reaches up to 90% 15 days after sowing. The germination substrate is formed by mixing peat soil, perlite and river sand according to the volume ratio of 3: 1: 1, has good breathability and drainage performance and is beneficial to seed germination; the transplanting and seedling raising substrate is formed by mixing humus soil, peat soil, coco coir and decomposed chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 1: 3: 1: 0.5, nutrients are balanced, growth of seedlings is promoted, and the survival rate of the litchi leaf red beans is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of red bean tree seedling cultivation, in particular to a method for quickly cultivating litchi leaf red bean seeds seedlings. Background Art

[0002] The Ormosia sp. is a tree of the Fabaceae family and the genus Ormosia. Its wood is hard and fine, with beautiful texture, light red to brown-red, and shiny. The heartwood is resistant to decay, making it suitable for making high-end furniture, utensils, and carvings. The Ormosia sp. is named after its red seeds, which symbolize lovesickness and can be used as decorations such as necklaces, earrings, and rings. The roots, branches, leaves, and seeds of a few species are used as medicine by the people. The tree has an elegant posture and is a good garden tree species. Therefore, the Ormosia sp. has value as a timber, medicine, and landscaping tree, and is a famous and precious tree species.

[0003] Ormosia semicastrata f.litchiifolia FCHow is a plant of the Leguminosae family and the genus Ormosia. It is a national second-level key protected plant and an evergreen tree. It grows in mixed woods on hillsides and valleys at an altitude of 700 to 1,700 meters. It is mainly distributed in Hainan Province, my country, and is often introduced and cultivated in tropical Asia. The conventional seedling cultivation method of Ormosia semicastrata f.litchiifolia mainly adopts seed propagation. Since the source and number of seeds of Ormosia semicastrata are very precious, a seedling cultivation method with a high germination rate is required, but the existing seed seedling cultivation method of Ormosia semicastrata is difficult to meet the actual needs. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for quickly raising seedlings of litchi leaf red bean seeds, which solves the problem of low germination rate of conventional seedling raising of litchi leaf red bean seeds.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for rapidly raising seedlings of lychee leaf red bean seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Mechanically breaking the skin of litchi leaf red bean seeds to expose part of the cotyledons;

[0008] S2. The broken litchi leaves and red bean seeds were mixed with a soaking solution for soaking, wherein the active ingredients of the soaking solution are gibberellins, 2,4-epibrassinolide and carbendazim;

[0009] S3. After soaking the litchi leaf red bean seeds, they were dried and sown into a germination matrix, and then covered with the germination matrix.

[0010] S4. The seeds after sowing are cultured at a temperature of 24 to 28°C and an air humidity of 75 to 85%. After the seeds germinate, light is supplemented at a light intensity of 1000 to 1500 Lx and a light duration of 11 to 13 h / day.

[0011] S5. After the seedlings have grown 2 to 3 leaves, transplant them to the seedling medium for cultivation.

[0012] Preferably, the concentration of gibberellin in the seed soaking solution is 300-500 mg / L, the concentration of 2,4-epibrassinolide is 600-800 μg / L, and the concentration of carbendazim is 10-20 mg / L.

[0013] Preferably, the mass volume ratio of the broken litchi leaf red bean seeds to the soaking solution is 1g:3-4mL, the soaking temperature is 30-40°C, and the soaking time is 12-24h.

[0014] Preferably, the germination matrix includes peat soil, perlite and river sand, and the volume ratio of the peat soil, perlite and river sand is 3:1:1.

[0015] Preferably, the seedling raising matrix includes humus, peat soil, coconut bran and decomposed chicken manure, and the volume ratio of the humus, peat soil, coconut bran and decomposed chicken manure is 1:3:1:0.5.

[0016] Preferably, after the litchi leaf red bean seeds are sown, the moisture content of the germination medium is maintained between 47% and 52%.

[0017] Preferably, the lychee leaf red bean seeds are sown in seedling trays, with 3 to 4 seeds sown in each hole of the tray.

[0018] Preferably, during the seedling raising stage, the moisture content of the seedling raising medium is maintained between 50% and 60%.

[0019] Preferably, the mechanical breaking of the seed coat comprises cutting the seed shell or removing the seed coat by friction.

[0020] Preferably, the particle size of the river sand is 0.35-0.5 mm.

[0021] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the rapid seedling raising method of litchi leaf red bean seeds of the present invention includes the steps of mechanically breaking the seed coat, soaking seeds, sowing and transplanting. The effective ingredients of the seed soaking solution of the present invention include gibberellin, 2,4-epibrassinolide and carbendazim; gibberellin and 2,4-epibrassinolide can synergistically break the dormancy of litchi leaf red bean seeds and promote their germination, and the germination rate 15 days after sowing is as high as 90%. The seedling raising matrix of the present invention is a mixture of humus soil, peat soil, coconut bran and decomposed chicken manure in a volume ratio of 1:3:1:0.5, has good air permeability, balanced nutrients, is conducive to promoting the growth of seedlings, and improves the survival rate of litchi leaf red beans. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention provides a method for rapidly raising seedlings of lychee leaf red bean seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1. Mechanically breaking the skin of litchi leaf red bean seeds to expose part of the cotyledons;

[0024] S2. The broken litchi leaves and red bean seeds were mixed with a soaking solution for soaking, wherein the active ingredients of the soaking solution are gibberellins, 2,4-epibrassinolide and carbendazim;

[0025] S3. After the soaked red bean seeds of litchi leaves are dried, they are sown into a germination matrix and then covered with the germination matrix on the red bean seeds of litchi leaves;

[0026] S4. The seeds after sowing are cultured at a temperature of 24 to 28°C and an air humidity of 75 to 85%. After the seeds germinate, light is supplemented at a light intensity of 1000 to 1500 Lx and a light duration of 11 to 13 h / day.

[0027] S5. After the seedlings have grown 2 to 3 leaves, transplant them to the seedling medium for cultivation.

[0028] In the present invention, the seeds of red bean with uniform seed size, neat and full appearance, fresh and uniform glossy color are selected; then the selected red bean with red bean are mechanically broken to expose part of the cotyledons; the mechanical breaking includes cutting the seed shell with scissors or removing the seed coat by friction; the friction removal of the seed coat includes rubbing with sandpaper or mixing the seeds with fine sand and putting them into a seed mixer, and slightly wearing the seed coat by friction; when the seed coat is mechanically broken, it is necessary to avoid damaging the inside of the seed and destroying the embryo.

[0029] The present invention mixes the peeled litchi leaf red bean seeds with a soaking solution for soaking, wherein the effective components of the soaking solution are gibberellin, 2,4-epibrassinolide and carbendazim; the concentration of gibberellin is 300-500 mg / L, more preferably 350-450 mg / L, more preferably 400 mg / L; the concentration of 2,4-epibrassinolide is 600-800 μg / L, more preferably 650-750 μg / L, more preferably 700 μg / L; the concentration of carbendazim is 10-20 mg / L, more preferably 13-18 mg / L, more preferably 15 mg / L. In the present invention, gibberellins and 2,4-epibrassinolide break the dormancy of litchi leaf red bean seeds and promote their germination, carbendazim can reduce the influence of pathogens on seeds during germination, thereby improving the germination rate of litchi leaf red bean seeds, and gibberellins and 2,4-epibrassinolide have a synergistic effect on the germination of litchi leaf red bean seeds.

[0030] The mass volume ratio of the broken litchi leaf red bean seeds to the soaking liquid is 1g:3-4mL, more preferably 1g:3.2-3.8mL, more preferably 1g:3.5mL; the soaking temperature is 30-40°C, more preferably 33-37°C, more preferably 35°C. The soaking time is 12-24h, more preferably 16-20h, more preferably 18h, and the seeds are naturally dried after soaking.

[0031] The present invention sows the soaked and dried seeds into a seedling tray containing a germination matrix, sowing 3 to 4 seeds per hole in the tray, and then covers the germination matrix on the litchi leaf red bean seeds, and the thickness of the covered germination matrix is ​​1 to 2 cm, more preferably 1.2 to 1.8 cm, and more preferably 1.5 cm. The sown seeds are cultured, and the culture temperature is 24 to 28°C, more preferably 25 to 27°C, and more preferably 26°C; the culture air humidity is 75 to 85%, more preferably 78 to 82%, and more preferably 80%. The germination matrix includes peat soil, perlite and river sand; the particle size of the river sand is 0.35 to 0.5 mm, more preferably 0.38 to 0.47 mm, and more preferably 0.45 mm; the volume ratio of the peat soil, perlite and river sand is 3:1:1, and the moisture content of the germination matrix is ​​maintained between 47 and 52% during germination, more preferably 48 to 51%, and more preferably 50%. The above germination medium, water management and cultivation temperature are the optimal conditions for germination of Lychee Leaf Red Bean seeds. After the seeds germinate, supplement the light, the light intensity is 1000-1500Lx; more preferably 1200-1400Lx, more preferably 1300Lx; the light time is 11-13h / day, more preferably 12h / day.

[0032] In the present invention, after the seedlings grow 2 to 3 leaves, they are transplanted to the seedling medium for cultivation to avoid the seedling leaves from intersecting and covering each other, affecting photosynthesis and causing leggy growth. The seedling medium includes humus, peat, coconut bran and decomposed chicken manure, and the volume ratio of the humus, peat, coconut bran and decomposed chicken manure is 3:1:1:0.5. After transplanting, the water content of the seedling medium is maintained between 50 and 60%, more preferably 52 to 58%, and more preferably 55%. The seedling medium can provide a suitable air, water and nutrient environment for litchi leaf red beans, and can promote the growth of litchi leaf red beans seedlings.

[0033] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] Select lychee leaf red bean seeds with uniform seed size, neat and plump appearance, fresh and uniform shiny color, and grind them with sandpaper until part of the cotyledons are exposed. Avoid damaging the inside of the seed and the embryo when grinding.

[0036] The peeled litchi leaf red bean seeds were mixed with the soaking solution at a mass volume ratio of 1g:3mL for soaking. The soaking solution used deionized water as the solvent, and the active ingredients were gibberellin, 2,4-epibrassinolide and carbendazim. The concentration of gibberellin was 300mg / L, the concentration of 2,4-epibrassinolide was 600μg / L, and the concentration of carbendazim was 10mg / L. The temperature of the soaking solution was 40℃ during soaking, and the seeds were soaked for 24h. After soaking, the seeds were naturally dried.

[0037] Sow the soaked and dried seeds in a seedling tray filled with germination matrix, sow 3 seeds per hole, and then cover the litchi leaf red bean seeds with 1 cm of germination matrix. The sown seeds are cultured at a temperature of 24-28°C and an air humidity of 75-85%. The germination matrix includes peat soil, perlite and river sand. The particle size of the river sand is 0.35-0.5mm. The volume ratio of peat soil, perlite and river sand is 3:1:1. During germination, the moisture content of the germination matrix is ​​maintained between 47% and 52%. After the seeds germinate, supplement the light with a light intensity of 1000Lx and a light time of 13h / day.

[0038] After the seedlings grow to 2 to 3 leaves (plant height 4 to 5 cm), they are transplanted into a flower pot with a diameter of 5 cm, and the flower pot is filled with a seedling medium, which includes humus, peat, coconut bran and decomposed chicken manure, and the volume ratio of the humus, peat, coconut bran and decomposed chicken manure is 1:3:1:0.5. After transplanting, the water content of the seedling medium is maintained between 50% and 60%.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] Select lychee leaf red bean seeds with uniform seed size, neat appearance, fullness, fresh and uniform glossy color, and grind them with sandpaper until part of the cotyledons are exposed. When grinding, avoid damaging the inside of the seed and the embryo.

[0041] The peeled litchi leaf red bean seeds were mixed with a soaking solution at a mass volume ratio of 1g:3.5mL for soaking. The soaking solution used deionized water as the solvent, and the active ingredients were gibberellin, 2,4-epibrassinolide and carbendazim. The concentration of gibberellin was 400mg / L, the concentration of 2,4-epibrassinolide was 700μg / L, and the concentration of carbendazim was 15mg / L. The temperature of the soaking solution was 35℃ during soaking, and the seeds were soaked for 18h. After soaking, the seeds were naturally dried.

[0042] Sow the soaked and dried seeds in a seedling tray filled with germination matrix, sow 3 seeds per hole, and then cover the lychee leaf red bean seeds with a 1.5 cm germination matrix. The sown seeds are cultured at a temperature of 24-28°C and an air humidity of 75-85%. The germination matrix includes peat soil, perlite and river sand. The particle size of the river sand is 0.35-0.5 mm. The volume ratio of peat soil, perlite and river sand is 3:1:1. During the germination period, the moisture content of the germination matrix is ​​maintained between 47% and 52%. After the seeds germinate, supplement the light with a light intensity of 1300Lx and a light duration of 12h / day.

[0043] After the seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves (plant height 4-5 cm), they are transplanted into a flower pot with a diameter of 6 cm, and the flower pot is filled with a seedling medium, which includes humus, peat, coconut bran and decomposed chicken manure, and the volume ratio of the humus, peat, coconut bran and decomposed chicken manure is 1:3:1:0.5. After transplanting, the water content of the seedling medium is maintained between 50% and 60%.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] Select lychee leaf red bean seeds with uniform seed size, neat appearance, fullness, fresh and uniform glossy color, and grind them with sandpaper until part of the cotyledons are exposed. When grinding, avoid damaging the inside of the seed and the embryo.

[0046] The peeled litchi leaf red bean seeds were mixed with the soaking solution at a mass volume ratio of 1g:4mL for soaking. The soaking solution used deionized water as the solvent, and the active ingredients were gibberellin, 2,4-epibrassinolide and carbendazim. The concentration of gibberellin was 500mg / L, the concentration of 2,4-epibrassinolide was 800μg / L, and the concentration of carbendazim was 20mg / L. The temperature of the soaking solution was 30℃ during soaking, and the seeds were soaked for 12h. After soaking, the seeds were naturally dried.

[0047] Sow the soaked and dried seeds in a seedling tray filled with germination matrix, sow 4 seeds per hole, and then cover the lychee leaf red bean seeds with a 2 cm germination matrix. The sown seeds are cultured at a temperature of 24-28°C and an air humidity of 75-85%. The germination matrix includes peat soil, perlite and river sand. The particle size of the river sand is 0.35-0.5 mm. The volume ratio of peat soil, perlite and river sand is 3:1:1. During germination, the moisture content of the germination matrix is ​​maintained between 47% and 52%. After the seeds germinate, supplement the light with a light intensity of 1500Lx and a light duration of 13h / day.

[0048] After the seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves (plant height 4-5 cm), they are transplanted into a flower pot with a diameter of 7 cm, and the flower pot is filled with a seedling medium, which includes humus, peat, coconut bran and decomposed chicken manure, and the volume ratio of the humus, peat, coconut bran and decomposed chicken manure is 1:3:1:0.5. After transplanting, the water content of the seedling medium is maintained between 50% and 60%.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] Different from Example 1, the effective ingredient of the seed soaking solution only includes gibberellin, and the concentration of gibberellin is 300 mg / L.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] Different from Example 1, the effective ingredient of the seed soaking solution only includes 2,4-epibrassinolide, and the concentration of 2,4-epibrassinolide is 600 μg / L.

[0053] Comparative Example 3

[0054] Different from Example 1, the effective ingredient of the seed soaking solution only includes carbendazim, and the concentration of carbendazim is 10 mg / L.

[0055] Comparative Example 4

[0056] Different from Example 1, the effective ingredients of the seed soaking solution only include gibberellin and 2,4-epibrassinolide, the concentration of gibberellin is 300 mg / L, and the concentration of 2,4-epibrassinolide is 600 μg / L.

[0057] Comparative Example 5

[0058] The difference from Example 1 is that 2,4-epibrassinolide is replaced by brassinolide, and the concentration of brassinolide is 600 μg / L.

[0059] Comparative Example 6

[0060] The difference from Example 1 is that deionized water is used for soaking the seeds.

[0061] Comparative Example 7

[0062] Different from Example 1, the seedling culture medium in Comparative Example 6 does not contain humus soil.

[0063] Comparative Example 8

[0064] The difference from Example 1 is that the coconut bran is replaced by an equal amount of perlite.

[0065] Comparative Example 9

[0066] Different from Example 1, the seedling culture medium in Comparative Example 8 does not contain decomposed chicken manure.

[0067] Experimental example

[0068] Twelve groups of experiments were set up, and 100 litchi leaf red bean seeds were planted in each group. The litchi leaf red bean seeds were raised according to the methods in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9, respectively. The germination rates of the litchi leaf red bean seeds in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9 were counted on the 10th and 15th days after sowing. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0069] Germination rate = (number of germinated seeds / total number of seeds) × 100%

[0070] Table 1 Germination rate of each group of litchi leaf red bean seeds after sowing

[0071] Group Germination rate on the 10th day after sowing (%) Germination rate on the 15th day after sowing (%) Example 1 65 80 Example 2 70 85 Example 3 78 90 Comparative Example 1 30 41 Comparative Example 2 21 27 Comparative Example 3 23 36 Comparative Example 4 54 66 Comparative Example 5 55 70 Comparative Example 6 13 20 Comparative Example 7 56 80 Comparative Example 8 65 78 Comparative Example 9 67 81

[0072] It can be seen from Examples 1 to 3 in Table 1 that the germination rate of the red bean seeds of litchi leaves of the present invention is 65-78% on the 10th day after sowing, and 80-90% on the 15th day after sowing. It can be seen from Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4 that the germination rate of seeds soaked with gibberellin and 2,4-epibrassinolide is higher than the sum of the germination rates of seeds soaked with gibberellin alone and 2,4-epibrassinolide alone, indicating that gibberellin and 2,4-epibrassinolide can synergistically promote the germination of red bean seeds of litchi leaves.

[0073] On the 10th day after transplanting, 5 litchi leaf red bean seedlings in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 7 to 9 were randomly selected to measure the survival rate, plant height, root length and SPAD value of the seedlings. The plant height and root length were measured using a ruler method, and the SPAD value was measured using a SPAD502 chlorophyll content meter. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0074] Survival rate = number of surviving seedlings / initial number of seedlings × 100%

[0075] Table 2 Growth indicators of litchi leaf red bean seedlings in each group

[0076] Group Plant height (cm) Root length (cm) SPAD value Survival rate (%) Example 1 5.5 6.8 67.32±8.61 98.75 Example 2 5.8 7.2 68.70±9.25 100 Example 3 6.2 7.5 71.45±10.55 98.89 Comparative Example 7 4.2 5.9 51.63±7.20 86.67 Comparative Example 8 3.8 5.6 48.66±6.79 84.09 Comparative Example 9 3.7 5.6 45.21±6.13 85.71

[0077] It can be seen from Table 2 that the plant height, root length and SPAD value of the litchi leaf red bean seedlings in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention are higher than those in Comparative Examples 7 to 9. This is because the seedling medium formula of the present invention has good air permeability and drainage, which is conducive to the healthy growth of the root system and prevents root rot; the nutrients in the seedling medium provide balanced nutrients for the seedlings, which is beneficial to promote the growth of the litchi leaf red bean seedlings and improve the survival rate of the seedlings.

[0078] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the present invention provides a method for rapid seedling cultivation of litchi leaf red bean seeds, which can improve the germination rate and seedling survival rate of litchi leaf red bean seeds.

[0079] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid seedling cultivation of red bean seeds from litchi leaves, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Mechanically breaking the skin of litchi leaf red bean seeds to expose part of the cotyledons; S2. The broken litchi leaves and red bean seeds were mixed with a soaking solution for soaking, wherein the active ingredients of the soaking solution are gibberellins, 2,4-epibrassinolide and carbendazim; S3. After soaking the litchi leaf red bean seeds, they were dried and sown into a germination matrix, and then covered with the germination matrix. S4. The seeds after sowing are cultured at a temperature of 24 to 28°C and an air humidity of 75 to 85%. After the seeds germinate, light is supplemented at a light intensity of 1000 to 1500 Lx and a light duration of 11 to 13 h / d. S5. After the seedlings have grown 2 to 3 leaves, transplant them to the seedling medium for cultivation.

2. The method for rapidly raising seedlings of lychee leaf red bean seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of gibberellin in the seed soaking solution is 300-500 mg / L, the concentration of 2,4-epibrassinolide is 600-800 μg / L, and the concentration of carbendazim is 10-20 mg / L.

3. The method for rapidly raising seedlings of lychee leaf red bean seeds according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass volume ratio of the broken litchi leaf red bean seeds to the soaking liquid is 1g:3-4mL, the soaking temperature is 30-40°C, and the soaking time is 12-24h.

4. The method for rapidly raising seedlings of lychee leaf red bean seeds according to claim 3, characterized in that: The germination matrix comprises peat soil, perlite and river sand, and the volume ratio of the peat soil, perlite and river sand is 3:1:

1.

5. The method for rapid seedling raising of litchi leaf red bean seeds according to claim 4, characterized in that: The seedling raising matrix comprises humus soil, peat soil, coconut husk and decomposed chicken manure, and the volume ratio of the humus soil, peat soil, coconut husk and decomposed chicken manure is 1:3:1:0.

5.

6. The method for rapid seedling raising of litchi leaf red bean seeds according to claim 5, characterized in that: After sowing the litchi leaf red bean seeds, keep the moisture content of the germination medium between 47% and 52%.

7. The method for rapidly raising seedlings of lychee leaf red bean seeds according to claim 6, characterized in that: Lychee leaf red bean seeds are sown in seedling trays, with 3 to 4 seeds sown in each hole.

8. The method for rapid seedling raising of litchi leaf red bean seeds according to claim 7, characterized in that: After transplanting, keep the moisture content of the seedling medium between 50% and 60%.

9. The method for rapid seedling raising of litchi leaf red bean seeds according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mechanical breaking of the seed coat includes cutting the seed shell or removing the seed coat by friction.

10. The method for rapid seedling raising of litchi leaf red bean seeds according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the river sand is 0.35-0.5 mm.