A planting method for promoting high yield of eggplants

Abstract

The present invention provides a planting method for promoting the high yield of eggplants, which relates to the technical field of vegetable planting. The planting method mainly includes applying base fertilizer to the planting land for ridging treatment, spraying a treatment agent on eggplant seedlings for hardening-off treatment, planting the eggplant seedlings, using a nutrient agent as both a liquid fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer, and the treatment agent is prepared from water-soluble calcium carbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, anthocyanin, and a fermentation extract of Bacillus tequilensis; the nutrient agent is prepared by mixing a fermentation extract of Bacillus tequilensis, ethyl isothiocyanate, a calcium-magnesium-boron-zinc-iron liquid fertilizer, and germacrone. The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art, effectively promotes the growth of eggplant planting, promotes early fruiting and early harvesting of eggplants, and comprehensively improves the yield of eggplants, thereby enhancing the economic benefits of planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for promoting the high yield of eggplants. Background Art

[0002] The eggplant, also known as Suo Su, is a berry of the Solanaceae family and the Solanum genus. Eggplants have a long planting history in China. After years of development, there is a rich variety. Eggplants have relatively high nutritional value and large market demand. In terms of cultivation and planting, eggplants have strong adaptability and high survival rates of planting, and are deeply favored by people. They are one of the main vegetables for daily consumption.

[0003] Generally speaking, in order to improve the economic benefits of planting, it is crucial to pursue high yields of eggplants. At present, in order to achieve high yields of eggplants, new breeding methods are usually adopted to obtain new eggplant varieties with better growth performance. However, for vegetables with a relatively high market share like eggplants, new varieties mean new appearances, and the pre-market development is often poor. Therefore, the planting and cultivation of existing eggplant varieties often account for a relatively high proportion. And eggplants are vegetables with continuous cropping obstacles. Therefore, generally, in order to obtain more harvests on limited land resources, optimizing the planting method and increasing the planting yield of eggplants is an important research direction in current agricultural production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a planting method for promoting the high yield of eggplants, which can effectively promote the growth of eggplant planting, promote early fruiting and early harvesting of eggplants, and comprehensively increase the yield of eggplants, thereby improving the economic benefits of planting.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A planting method for promoting the high yield of eggplants, the planting method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Treatment of the planting land: Spread base fertilizer in the land, rake it flat and then turn the land and form ridges to obtain the planting land for standby;

[0008] S2. Hardening treatment of eggplant seedlings: After spraying a treatment agent on the leaves of the eggplant seedlings, place them in a normal temperature environment for hardening for 2-3 days, and the formula of the treatment agent is: water-soluble calcium carbonate 10-15 g / L + ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 4-6 g / L + anthocyanin 40-80 mg / L + fermentation extract of Bacillus tequilensis 10-20 mL / L;

[0009] S3. Transplanting: Transplant the above-hardened eggplant seedlings to the planting land, fix the seedlings with bamboo poles, and then pour sufficient root-fixing water to complete the transplanting;

[0010] S4. Prepare the nutrient agent according to the following formula: 30 - 50 mL / L of the fermentation extract of Bacillus tequilensis + 20 - 40 mg / L of ethyl isothiocyanate + 10 - 20 mL / L of liquid calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc and iron fertilizer + 15 - 30 mg / L of germacrone;

[0011] S5. Fertilization management: 10 - 15 days after planting, drip irrigate the planting area with the nutrient agent at the initial flowering stage and the full flowering stage respectively, and spray the nutrient agent as a foliar fertilizer once at the initial fruiting stage.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the base fertilizer is obtained by mixing manure and calcium ammonium nitrate compound fertilizer in a mass ratio of 200∶1 - 2, and the application rate of the base fertilizer is 1800 - 2200 kg / mu.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the ridging method is to form a ridge with a width of 1.5 - 1.65 m including a furrow along the north - south direction, and the ridge height is 0.3 - 0.4 m, and lay a plastic film to keep warm and moisturize.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation method of the fermentation extract of Bacillus tequilensis in steps S2 and S4 is to inoculate Bacillus tequilensis into a potato liquid medium and culture it for 3 - 5 days, then sterilize and centrifuge and filter to obtain the filtrate as the fermentation extract of Bacillus tequilensis.

[0015] Preferably, the inoculation amount of Bacillus tequilensis into the potato liquid medium is 1% - 2% of the total mass of the potato liquid medium, and the viable count of Bacillus tequilensis is 1×10 9 -2×10 10 CFU / g.

[0016] Preferably, the sterilization method is to treat at a pressure of 0.4 - 0.6 MPa and a temperature of 115 °C for 15 min; and the centrifugation method is to centrifuge at 3500 - 4200 r / min for 10 - 15 min.

[0017] Preferably, the application amount of the treatment agent sprayed on the eggplant seedlings in step S2 is 10 - 15 mL / plant.

[0018] Preferably, the plant spacing is controlled at 0.5 - 0.6 m during transplantation in step S3.

[0019] Preferably, the application amount of the nutrient agent for drip irrigation of the planting area in step S5 is 4200 - 5200 kg / mu.

[0020] Preferably, the application amount of the nutrient agent for foliar spraying in step S5 is 20 - 30 mL / plant.

[0021] The present invention provides a planting method for promoting the high - yield of eggplants. Compared with the prior art, the advantages are as follows:

[0022] The present invention ensures the survival rate of transplanted eggplant seedlings by treating the eggplant seedlings with a treatment agent and then hardening them, and ensures the growth of early eggplant seedlings through the use of water-soluble calcium carbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, anthocyanin, and the fermentation extract of Bacillus tequilensis. Subsequently, the fermentation extract of Bacillus tequilensis, ethyl isothiocyanate, calcium-magnesium-boron-zinc-iron liquid fertilizer, and germacrone are used as nutrient solutions for drip irrigation treatment and foliar fertilizer spraying at different times, eliminating the need for additional fertilization and topdressing, effectively promoting early flowering and fruiting of eggplants, comprehensively increasing the yield of eggplants, and increasing the economic benefits of planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the growth of eggplant seedlings in planting group 1 on October 30, 2024, in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the fruiting growth of eggplant seedlings in planting group 1 on November 6, 2024, in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] Bacillus tequilensis used in the following examples was purchased from Yunnan Agricultural University, with a preservation number of GMCC No. 15973 and a viable count of 1×10 9 CFU / g; the base fertilizer was obtained by mixing chicken manure and calcium ammonium nitrate compound fertilizer in a mass ratio of 200:1.5, and the brand of the calcium ammonium nitrate compound fertilizer was Jiabeida, with a total nitrogen content of ≥15.5% (nitrate nitrogen ≥14.0%, amino acid ≥15%), and calcium ≥18.0% (calcium oxide ≥25%); the calcium-magnesium-boron-zinc-iron liquid fertilizer was purchased from Shandong Zhelong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0027] The following is the formula of the potato liquid medium: potato extract 6 g / L + glucose 20 g / L + yeast extract 2 g / L + P2O5 1.2 g / L + K2O 0.8 g / L + distilled water, with a pH of 6.5. EXAMPLE

[0028] 1. Preparation of the extract:

[0029] (1) Extract A:

[0030] Inoculate Bacillus tequilensis with a total mass of 0.15% into the potato liquid medium, culture for 4 days, then increase the pressure to 0.5 MPa, raise the temperature to 115 °C and treat for 15 min, and then centrifuge at a speed of 4200 r / min for 10 min, and filter to obtain extract A;

[0031] (2)Extract B:

[0032] Inoculate Bacillus tequilensis with a total mass of 0.15% into the potato liquid medium, culture for 4 days, then centrifuge at a speed of 4200 r / min for 10 min, and filter to obtain extract B.

[0033] 2. Preparation of treatment agents:

[0034] Treatment agent 1: water-soluble calcium carbonate 10 g / L + ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 4 g / L + anthocyanin 40 mg / L + extract A 10 mL / L + water;

[0035] Treatment agent 2: water-soluble calcium carbonate 15 g / L + ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 6 g / L + anthocyanin 80 mg / L + extract A 20 mL / L + water;

[0036] Treatment agent 3: water-soluble calcium carbonate 10 g / L + ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 4 g / L + anthocyanin 40 mg / L + extract B 10 mL / L + water;

[0037] Treatment agent 4: water-soluble calcium carbonate 10 g / L + ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 4 g / L + anthocyanin 40 mg / L + water.

[0038] 3. Preparation of nutrient agents:

[0039] Nutrient agent 1: extract A 30 mL / L + ethyl isothiocyanate 20 mg / L + calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc and iron liquid fertilizer 10 mL / L + germacrone 15 mg / L + water;

[0040] Nutrient agent 2: extract A 50 mL / L + ethyl isothiocyanate 40 mg / L + calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc and iron liquid fertilizer 20 mL / L + germacrone 30 mg / L + water;

[0041] Nutrient agent 3: extract B 30 mL / L + ethyl isothiocyanate 20 mg / L + calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc and iron liquid fertilizer 10 mL / L + germacrone 15 mg / L + water;

[0042] Nutrient agent 4: ethyl isothiocyanate 20 mg / L + calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc and iron liquid fertilizer 10 mL / L + germacrone 15 mg / L + water;

[0043] Nutrient agent 5: extract A 30 mL / L + calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc and iron liquid fertilizer 10 mL / L + germacrone 15 mg / L + water;

[0044] Nutrient agent 6: Extract A 30 mL / L + Ethyl isothiocyanate 20 mg / L + Calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc and iron liquid fertilizer 10 mL / L + Water.

[0045] II. Cultivation of eggplants:

[0046] (1) Select a planting area, spread base fertilizer on the planting area at a rate of 2000 kg / mu, then harrow and turn over the soil to form ridges. Make a 1.5 - 1.65 m wide ridge with a ditch along the north-south direction, and the ridge height is 0.3 - 0.4 m. Then lay plastic film to keep warm and moisturize.

[0047] (2) Select eggplant seedlings, foliar spray the treatment agent at a rate of 10 - 15 mL / plant, and then acclimatize the seedlings in a normal temperature environment for 3 days to obtain pre-treated eggplant seedlings for standby.

[0048] (3) Transplant the above-mentioned acclimatized eggplant seedlings to the planting area, control the plant spacing to be 0.5 - 0.6 m, and use bamboo poles to fix and protect the seedlings. Then pour sufficient root water to complete the planting.

[0049] (4) 10 - 15 days after planting, during the initial flowering stage and the full flowering stage, drip-irrigate the planting area with the nutrient agent, with each drip-irrigation amount being 5000 kg / mu. During the initial fruiting stage, use the nutrient agent as a foliar fertilizer and spray it once, with the spraying amount being 20 - 30 mL / plant.

[0050] (5) During the planting period, promptly remove diseased plants, diseased leaves and diseased fruits in the field; promptly drain waterlogging to reduce the field humidity; after planting, spray the eggplant seedlings with a sterilizing agent (Tebuconazole • Trifloxystrobin 50 mg / L + Flumorph 20 mg / L + Boscalid • Procymidone 30 mg / L + 6% Kasugamycin 15 mg / L + Water) 2 times, with a 10-day interval between each spraying.

[0051] According to the above cultivation of eggplants, different planting groups are set up, and the treatment agents and nutrient agents used in each group are shown in Table 1 below:

[0052] Table 1

[0053] Planting experiment:

[0054] Select "Nongyou Longqie" seedlings with 4 - 5 leaves in the same batch as experimental seedlings, and carry out planting management respectively according to the methods of the above planting groups, and transplant and plant them on September 1, 2024.

[0055] 1. Detect the survival rates of each planting group 7 days and 30 days after transplanting and planting. The specific results are shown in Table 2 below:

[0056] Table 2

[0057] As can be seen from the above table, the survival rates of eggplant seedlings in each planting group have little difference and can basically reach over 99%.

[0058] 2. Detect the early flowering stage (the time when more than half of the eggplant seedlings start to grow flower buds), full-bloom stage (the time when the flowers of more than half of the eggplant seedlings are in full bloom), and fruiting stage (the time when more than half of the eggplant seedlings wither their flowers and grow fruits) of the eggplant seedlings in each planting group. The specific results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0059] Table 3

[0060] As can be seen from the above table, Planting Groups 1-2 and 6-7 can relatively make the eggplants flower and bear fruit earlier.

[0061] 3. Start harvesting each planting group in November and end the harvesting at the end of November. Record the eggplant yields of each planting group. The specific results are shown in Table 4 below:

[0062] Table 4

[0063] As can be seen from Table 4 above, Planting Groups 1 and 2 have higher yields.

[0064] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method for promoting high yield of eggplants, characterized in that, The planting method includes the following steps: S1. Treatment of the planting land: Spread base fertilizer in the land, level it with a harrow and then plow and ridging to obtain the planting land for standby; S2. Hardening treatment of eggplant seedlings: After spraying the treatment agent on the leaves of the eggplant seedlings, place them in a normal temperature environment for hardening for 2 - 3 days, and the formula of the treatment agent is: water-soluble calcium carbonate 10 - 15 g / L + ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 4 - 6 g / L + anthocyanin 40 - 80 mg / L + fermentation extract of Bacillus tequilensis 10 - 20 mL / L; S3. Transplanting: Transplant the hardened eggplant seedlings obtained above to the planting land, fix the seedlings with bamboo poles, and then pour sufficient root water to complete the transplanting; S4. Prepare the nutrient agent according to the following formula: fermentation extract of Bacillus tequilensis 30 - 50 mL / L + ethyl isothiocyanate 20 - 40 mg / L + calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc and iron liquid fertilizer 10 - 20 mL / L + germacrone 15 - 30 mg / L; S5. Fertilization management: At 10 - 15 days after transplanting, at the initial flowering stage, and at the full flowering stage, drip-irrigate the planting land with the nutrient agent, and use the nutrient agent as foliar fertilizer to spray once at the initial fruiting stage; The preparation method of the above-mentioned fermentation extract of Bacillus tequilensis is to inoculate Bacillus tequilensis into a potato liquid medium for culturing for 3 - 5 days, then sterilize and centrifuge and filter to obtain the filtrate as the fermentation extract of Bacillus tequilensis, and the sterilization method is to treat at a pressure of 0.4 - 0.6 MPa and a temperature of 115 °C for 15 minutes.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the base fertilizer is obtained by mixing manure and calcium ammonium nitrate compound fertilizer in a mass ratio of 200∶1 - 2, and the dosage of the base fertilizer is 1800 - 2200 kg / mu.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the ridging method is to form a ridge with a width of 1.5 - 1.65 m including a furrow along the north-south direction, and the ridge height is 0.3 - 0.4 m, and lay plastic film to keep warm and moisturize.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inoculation amount of Bacillus tequilensis into the potato liquid medium is 1%-2% of the total mass of the potato liquid medium, and the viable count of Bacillus tequilensis is 1×10 9 -2×10 10 CFU / g.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centrifugation method is to centrifuge at 3500 - 4200 r / min for 10 - 15 minutes.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the amount of the treatment agent sprayed on the eggplant seedlings is 10 - 15 mL / plant.

7. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, control the plant spacing to be 0.5 - 0.6 m during transplanting.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein: In step S5, the dosage of the nutrient agent for drip-irrigation of the planting land is 4200 - 5200 kg / mu.

9. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the dosage of the nutrient agent for foliar spraying is 20 - 30 mL / plant.

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