Precise water-saving irrigation method for leaf vegetables and rhizome crops

Abstract

The invention discloses a precise water-saving irrigation method for leaf vegetables and rhizome crops, and relates to the technical field of precise irrigation of crops, corresponding environmental abnormality is generated according to acquired monitoring data, if the environmental abnormality exceeds an environmental abnormality threshold value, planting conditions and crop water demand rule data, prediction is performed, irrigation features are extracted from acquired prediction data, and the irrigation features are extracted from the prediction data. The irrigation scheme library matches a corresponding water-saving irrigation system for the crop planting area according to the irrigation characteristics; the crop water-saving irrigation digital twinborn model is used for testing a water-saving irrigation scheme, the feasibility is constructed according to the obtained test data, the feasibility of the irrigation scheme is verified according to the feasibility, a corresponding coping mode is adopted according to the verification result, the drainage anomaly is constructed according to the obtained drainage state data, and if the drainage anomaly exceeds the expectation, the drainage anomaly is determined. Performing drainage emergency treatment in the crop planting area; a water-saving and high-yield irrigation system is provided for water demand characteristics and growth period differences of different crops, and fine management of various crops is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop precision irrigation, and in particular to a precise water-saving irrigation method for leafy vegetables and root crops. Background Art

[0002] Leafy vegetables and root crops are two major categories of vegetables, and they have their own characteristics in growth habits, edible parts and nutritional value. Leafy vegetables are mainly edible parts of young leaves or petioles. Common leafy vegetables include spinach, rapeseed, Chinese cabbage, lettuce, and chrysanthemum. These vegetables are rich in chlorophyll, vitamin C, vitamin K and various minerals, and are important sources of vitamins and minerals in the diet. They usually like moist soil environments, have short growth cycles, fast changes in different growth stages, and different water requirements. The amount of irrigation in different growth periods has a greater impact on the quality of the final harvest. During the growth process, they need sufficient light and appropriate water to ensure the freshness and richness of nutrients of the leaves. Root crops are mainly edible parts of fleshy roots or stems, such as carrots and white radishes. These vegetables are rich in nutrients such as dietary fiber, vitamin C and potassium, which help promote intestinal peristalsis and maintain heart health. Root crops usually have strong drought resistance, but they also need an appropriate amount of water and nutrients during their growth to support the growth and development of their root systems. Excessive or insufficient irrigation water will cause the fruit to crack, rot or become hollow. At the same time, they have high requirements for soil, requiring a loose, fertile and well-drained soil environment.

[0003] Precision irrigation of leafy vegetables and root crops needs to be carried out according to the growth characteristics and needs of the crops. For leafy vegetables, such as lettuce and cabbage, drip irrigation, micro-spray belts or inverted micro-spraying are usually used to ensure that water is evenly supplied to the vicinity of the root system, while keeping the soil moist but not too wet to promote fresh leaves and high yields; when irrigating, the principle of "small amounts and multiple times" should be followed, and the amount and frequency of irrigation should be adjusted according to the growth stage and weather changes. For root crops, such as carrots and white radishes, when irrigating, it is necessary to ensure that the soil moisture is appropriate to meet the needs of root growth and avoid the occurrence of diseases caused by excessive water; drip irrigation or infiltration irrigation is the best irrigation method to reduce the risk of water evaporation and disease transmission.

[0004] In a Chinese invention patent with authorization announcement number CN105494033B, an intelligent water-saving irrigation method based on crop demand is disclosed, which includes the following steps: 1. Determine the mechanism parameters r and Sp of the crop's intrinsic growth and development according to the type of cultivated crops; 2. Construct a growth model for crop growth cycle i, and quantitatively determine the biomass yield of crops in different growth cycles according to the mechanism parameters of crop intrinsic growth and development; 3. Construct a water demand model for crop growth cycle i, and calculate the water demand of crops in different growth cycles according to the crop biomass yield obtained in step 2 and the soil moisture data obtained by environmental monitoring equipment; 4. Formulate an irrigation plan for the entire life cycle of crops based on the water demand of crops obtained in step 3.

[0005] Combined with the above application and the contents of the prior art: When it is necessary to irrigate the planting area, in order to save labor costs during irrigation and achieve precision irrigation, an intelligent irrigation and drainage system is usually installed in the crop planting area. When there is no rain for a long time or continuous rain in the planting area, the planting area is irrigated or drained through automatic control to ensure that the environmental conditions such as soil moisture content and air humidity in the planting area are suitable for the growth of leafy vegetables and root crops.

[0006] Existing intelligent irrigation and drainage systems usually collect various planting environment data based on sensor networks, and determine whether irrigation is needed based on the collected data. If necessary, the irrigation process is started. However, when the environmental conditions in the crop planting area, such as soil moisture and air humidity, change frequently, the actual irrigation needs cannot be accurately obtained. When controlling the irrigation and drainage systems, it is easy to cause a certain degree of waste of water resources, which in turn causes a certain degree of impact on the growth of crops in the planting area.

[0007] To this end, the present invention provides a precise water-saving irrigation method for leafy vegetables and root crops. Summary of the invention

[0008] 1. Technical issues to be resolved In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a precise water-saving irrigation method for leafy vegetables and root crops. Prediction is performed through planting conditions and crop water requirement law data, irrigation features are extracted from the acquired predicted data, and the irrigation scheme library matches the corresponding water-saving irrigation scheme for the crop planting area according to the irrigation features; the water-saving irrigation scheme is tested using a crop water-saving irrigation digital twin model, and the feasibility is constructed from the acquired test data. The feasibility of the irrigation scheme is verified by the feasibility, and corresponding response measures are taken according to the verification results. The drainage anomaly is constructed from the acquired drainage status data. If the drainage anomaly exceeds expectations, drainage emergency treatment is performed in the crop planting area; personalized irrigation schemes are provided for the water requirement characteristics and growth period differences of different crops, and refined management of various crops is achieved, thereby solving the technical problems recorded in the background technology.

[0009] Through long-term cumulative experiments, this method observes the growth patterns, water requirements and irrigation plan wet layers of crops at different growth stages when planted in different seasons, reasonably controls irrigation, constructs a mathematical model of crop water requirements, and scientifically analyzes water-saving potential, thereby formulating a relatively water-saving irrigation system. It can be used for precise water-saving irrigation in large fields and facility agriculture planting areas, and provides technical support for automatic switch control and irrigation water use of smart agricultural irrigation equipment, so as to achieve the purpose of maximizing water utilization efficiency, saving water and increasing yields.

[0010] (II) Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a precise water-saving irrigation method for leafy vegetables and root crops, comprising: monitoring the meteorological and soil environmental conditions in the crop planting area by a sensor network arranged, and generating a corresponding environmental abnormality degree from the acquired monitoring data If the environment is abnormal When the environmental anomaly threshold is exceeded, a prediction instruction is issued to the outside. The environmental data collected by the sensor network in the crop planting area, including soil moisture, rainfall, air temperature and humidity, are summarized to construct a planting environment data set. Use the trained planting area environmental prediction model to predict planting conditions and crop water demand law data, extract irrigation features from the prediction data, and use the irrigation plan library to match the corresponding water-saving irrigation plan for the crop planting area based on the irrigation features; The crop water-saving irrigation digital twin model is used to test the water-saving irrigation scheme, and the feasibility of the scheme is constructed based on the test data obtained. , by feasibility Verify the feasibility of the irrigation plan and take appropriate measures based on the verification results; Select monitoring points within the coverage area of ​​the drainage system, monitor the drainage status data in the planting area at the monitoring points, and construct the drainage anomaly degree based on the acquired drainage status data. If the drainage is abnormal If the amount exceeds expectations, emergency drainage treatment should be carried out in the crop planting area; Query the feedback data after executing the water-saving irrigation plan within the feedback cycle, and generate the satisfaction coefficient for executing the water-saving irrigation task in the planting area based on the feedback data , if the satisfaction coefficient If the output was lower than expected, an inspection instruction was issued externally to carry out orderly inspection and maintenance of the irrigation system and related equipment in the planting area.

[0011] Furthermore, the environmental abnormality degree is generated from the planting environment data set , among which, soil moisture and air humidity Perform linear normalization and map the corresponding data values ​​to the interval According to the following method:

[0012] in, , is the total number of data collection sub-cycles, and the weight coefficient is: , ,and ; is the soil moisture of the ith data collection sub-period, is the corresponding soil moisture reference target value, is the air humidity of the ith data collection sub-cycle, is the corresponding reference target value of air humidity.

[0013] Furthermore, after receiving the alarm command, the trained planting area environment prediction model obtains the corresponding prediction data, which are summarized to construct an environmental prediction data set; feature extraction is performed on the obtained prediction data and the current crop growth status, and the corresponding irrigation features are obtained to obtain several water-saving irrigation plans, which are summarized to pre-construct an irrigation plan library; According to the correspondence between irrigation characteristics and irrigation plans, the irrigation plan library matches the corresponding water-saving irrigation plan for the crop planting area and issues test instructions to the outside.

[0014] Furthermore, after receiving the test instruction, the crop water-saving irrigation digital twin model is trained and obtained, the crop water-saving irrigation digital twin model is used to test the water-saving irrigation scheme and obtain test data, and the test data is aggregated to construct the corresponding test data set; the corresponding feasibility is constructed from the test data set. , if the feasibility of obtaining If the feasibility threshold is exceeded, an execution instruction is issued to the outside. If the feasible threshold is not exceeded, optimization instructions are issued to the outside.

[0015] Furthermore, the water infiltration rate and surface runoff After linear normalization, the corresponding data values ​​are mapped to the interval According to the following formula, the feasibility is constructed :

[0016] Weight coefficient, , ,and , is the average water infiltration rate in the sub-area, is the reference target value of water infiltration rate; is the mean surface runoff in the sub-area, It is the reference target value of surface runoff.

[0017] Furthermore, an irrigation system is installed in the crop planting area. After receiving the execution instruction, the irrigation system executes the output water-saving irrigation plan. After executing the water-saving irrigation plan, an observation instruction is issued to the outside. Select several non-adjacent monitoring points in the coverage area of ​​the drainage system, monitor the working status of the drainage system in real time at the monitoring points, obtain real-time drainage status data, and build a drainage status data set after aggregation. The drainage anomaly degree is constructed from the drainage status data in the drainage status data set. .

[0018] Furthermore, the groundwater level and water level After linear normalization, the corresponding data values ​​are mapped to the interval Then, the drainage anomaly degree is constructed according to the following formula :

[0019] in, , is the number of monitoring points; weight coefficient: , and ; is the groundwater level at the ith monitoring point, is the reference target value of groundwater level; is the water level at the monitoring point, It is the reference target value of the accumulated water level.

[0020] Furthermore, the feedback data after the irrigation plan is executed is queried within the feedback cycle, and the improvement degree is constructed from the feedback data after each irrigation plan is executed. , among which, the bioaccumulation and water use efficiency Perform linear normalization and map the corresponding data values ​​to the interval According to the following formula:

[0021] Weight coefficient, , .

[0022] Furthermore, after obtaining several improvement degrees Finally, the satisfaction coefficient of the irrigation plan in the planting area during the feedback cycle is analyzed and obtained. , if the satisfaction coefficient If the value is lower than the satisfaction threshold, an inspection instruction will be issued to the outside; satisfaction coefficient The construction is as follows:

[0023] in, n, n is the number of irrigations in the feedback cycle, is the improvement degree after the i-th irrigation scheme is implemented, is the mean of the improvement, weight coefficient: , ,and .

[0024] Furthermore, an electronic map covering the crop planting area is constructed, and the irrigation system, drainage system and sensor network are marked on the electronic map; after receiving the inspection instruction, the sensor network, irrigation system and drainage system are inspected within a preset inspection cycle, and if there is an operational fault, the location of the fault is marked on the electronic map; In combination with the fault location data, a path planning algorithm is used to perform path planning on an electronic map, and the path obtained by planning is used as a maintenance path, and the maintenance path is marked on the electronic map.

[0025] (III) Beneficial effects The present invention provides a precise water-saving irrigation method for leafy vegetables and root crops, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. Construct environmental anomaly degree based on the fluctuation of various environmental conditions , judge whether there are any abnormalities in the environmental conditions in the planting area, and deal with the abnormal conditions in a timely manner when they exist, to ensure the normal growth of leafy vegetables and root crops in the planting area.

[0026] 2. The planting area environmental prediction model predicts various environmental data in the planting area to determine whether there are any abnormalities in the subsequent environmental condition data. If there are any abnormalities, an alarm can be issued to the outside in a timely manner; the growth status of the crop and the determined irrigation demand standards are used as a reference to quickly match the water-saving irrigation plan, which can save the time for formulating the water-saving irrigation plan.

[0027] 3. Use the trained crop water-saving irrigation digital twin model to test the water-saving irrigation scheme and construct the corresponding feasibility from the test data. , according to feasibility The effectiveness of the water-saving irrigation scheme can be evaluated. If it is effective, it can be directly implemented. If it is not effective enough, the water-saving irrigation scheme can be optimized to ensure the reliability of the constructed water-saving irrigation scheme.

[0028] 4. Control and respond to the irrigation system in the planting area, which can save water while meeting the expected irrigation effect, and facilitate timely adjustment of the current irrigation effect.

[0029] 5. Combined with the calculation and analysis of the water balance formula and the Penman formula, the critical irrigation value in different growth periods is determined, and the depth of the moist layer is determined according to the root distribution of the crop during the growth period to ensure the effectiveness of water absorption and reduce water resource waste. The irrigation cycle and moist layer depth are formulated according to the needs of different growth periods, which improves the efficiency of water resource utilization in agricultural production and achieves the dual effects of water saving and increased production. Personalized irrigation plans are provided for the water demand characteristics and growth period differences of different crops, so as to achieve refined management of various crops and improve the quality and yield of crops.

[0030] 6. Based on drainage abnormality Determine whether there is any abnormality in the drainage status in the planting area. If there is any abnormality, send an alarm command to the outside and take emergency measures for the current drainage status to gradually normalize the drainage status, prevent rainwater accumulation, and avoid negative impacts of excessive rainfall on planting in the planting area.

[0031] 7. Based on the degree of improvement Evaluate the irrigation effect each time; Construct the corresponding satisfaction coefficient , evaluate the irrigation effect. If the irrigation effect does not meet expectations, the current irrigation plan or irrigation plan can be adjusted in time, and whether there is a fault in the irrigation system can be judged to verify the availability of the irrigation system.

[0032] 8. After fault detection is performed on the irrigation system, drainage system and sensor network and the corresponding fault location is obtained, the path planning algorithm outputs the corresponding maintenance path. When each fault is maintained and repaired in turn according to the maintenance path, the efficiency of maintenance and repair can be improved, and the irrigation effect of the planting area can be guaranteed when irrigating the planting area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the precise water-saving irrigation method for leafy vegetables and root crops of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a precise water-saving irrigation method for leafy vegetables and root crops, comprising: Step 1: The deployed sensor network monitors the environmental conditions in the crop planting area and generates the corresponding environmental abnormality degree from the acquired monitoring data. If the environment is abnormal When the environmental abnormality threshold is exceeded, a prediction instruction is issued to the outside world; The step 1 includes the following contents: Step 101: deploy a sensor network in the crop planting area, including a soil moisture sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a rain gauge, etc., to ensure that the sensor network covers all key areas, and use the environmental data collected by the sensor network in the crop planting area, the environmental data at least including soil moisture, rainfall, air temperature and humidity, to aggregate the collected environmental data to construct a planting environment data set; Step 102: Generate a corresponding degree of environmental abnormality from the planting environment data set , among which, soil moisture and air humidity Perform linear normalization and map the corresponding data values ​​to the interval According to the following method:

[0036] in, , is the total number of data collection sub-cycles, and the weight coefficient is: , ,and ; The weight coefficient can be obtained by referring to the hierarchical analysis method, is the soil moisture of the ith data collection sub-period, is the corresponding soil moisture reference target value, is the air humidity of the ith data collection sub-cycle, is the corresponding reference target value of air humidity; Pre-set environmental anomaly thresholds based on historical data and expectations for environmental management during crop planting; If the obtained environmental abnormality If the environmental anomaly threshold is exceeded, it means that there are certain anomalies in the environment in the current crop planting area. Different weather conditions vary greatly, which may have a certain negative impact on planting. At this time, a forecast instruction is issued to the outside to predict the next environmental conditions in the planting area. When using, combine the contents in steps 101 and 102: By installing a sensor network in the planting area to collect various data, and construct an environmental anomaly degree based on the fluctuations of various environmental conditions, , in order to judge whether there are any abnormalities in the environmental conditions in the planting area, and to deal with the abnormalities in a timely manner when they exist, to ensure the normal growth of crops in the planting area, especially leafy vegetables and root crops.

[0037] Existing intelligent irrigation and drainage systems usually collect various planting environment data based on sensor networks, and determine whether irrigation is needed based on the collected data. If necessary, the irrigation process is started. However, when the environmental conditions in the crop planting area, such as soil moisture and air humidity, change frequently, the actual irrigation needs cannot be accurately obtained. When controlling the irrigation and drainage systems, it is easy to cause a certain degree of waste of water resources, which in turn causes a certain degree of impact on the growth of crops in the planting area.

[0038] Step 2: Use the trained planting area environmental prediction model to predict planting conditions and crop water demand law data. According to the accumulated crop irrigation data, analyze the water demand law of crops in different periods and the planned wet layer. Combined with the performance level of meteorological environmental factors, extract irrigation characteristics from the prediction data. The irrigation plan library matches the corresponding water-saving irrigation plan for the crop planting area based on the irrigation characteristics. The step 2 includes the following contents: Step 201: after receiving the alarm instruction, collect sample data to train the convolutional neural network, obtain the corresponding planting area environment prediction model, use the trained planting area environment prediction model to predict the rainfall data and soil moisture in the planting area, and obtain the corresponding prediction data, including rainfall data, soil moisture data, air humidity data, light humidity, light conditions, etc., and then summarize and construct an environmental prediction data set; When in use, by constructing a planting area environment prediction model, after setting it to the prediction node, the planting area environment prediction model predicts various environmental data in the planting area to determine whether there are abnormalities in the subsequent environmental condition data. If there are abnormalities, an alarm can be issued to the outside in a timely manner; Step 202: extract features from the acquired prediction data and the current crop growth status to obtain corresponding irrigation water demand features; obtain a number of water-saving irrigation plans through online retrieval and offline formulation, and construct an irrigation plan library in advance after summarizing; use the trained matching model, according to the correspondence between the irrigation features and the irrigation plans, match the corresponding water-saving irrigation plans for the crop planting area from the pre-constructed irrigation plan library, and issue a test instruction to the outside; Among them, based on the farmland water balance formula and the Penman formula, the daily water requirement of crops at different growth stages is calculated, and corresponding water-saving irrigation plans are formulated accordingly. Specifically, according to the calculation and analysis, the upper and lower limits of soil moisture for different crops at different periods are obtained. For example, the planned moist layer of cabbage in the seedling stage is 20cm, and the relative soil moisture content should be maintained at 70-80%. The planned moist layer in the rosette stage is 40cm and the relative soil moisture content is maintained at 80-90% to ensure its growth quality. Determine the depth of the moist layer and irrigation cycle in different growth periods to ensure effective water absorption by the root system. For example, by measuring the field water holding capacity of the soil and observing whether the 0-40cm soil layer of the soil moisture meter reaches the specified relative soil moisture content, the single irrigation water volume is estimated. For example, in the rosette stage of cabbage, the relative soil moisture content of the 0-40cm soil layer is 70%-90%, which is the appropriate irrigation volume, while in the seedling stage, the planned moist layer depth and irrigation volume are adjusted according to the root distribution range.

[0039] For example, during the seedling stage: irrigate the crops in a quantitative manner and control the relative soil moisture content at 70-80% to avoid excessive irrigation. During the growth stage: increase the irrigation frequency during the growth stage and control the soil moisture content within the range of 80-90% through a soil moisture monitor. During the maturity stage: reduce the amount of irrigation appropriately based on the crop's demand for water to prevent excessive water from affecting quality.

[0040] When using, combine the contents in steps 201 and 202: After predicting and obtaining the next environmental condition data, when it is necessary to irrigate the crop planting area, based on the obtained prediction data, the corresponding irrigation characteristics are extracted with reference to the crop growth status and the determined irrigation demand standards. According to the irrigation characteristics, the corresponding water-saving irrigation plan can be quickly matched, which can save the time of formulating the water-saving irrigation plan.

[0041] Step 3: Use the crop water-saving irrigation digital twin model to test the water-saving irrigation scheme and construct a feasibility model based on the obtained test data. , by feasibility Verify the feasibility of the irrigation plan and take appropriate measures based on the verification results; The step three includes the following contents: Step 301: After receiving the test instruction, the machine learning algorithm constructs an initial model, collects terrain data, soil data, water evaporation data, etc. in the crop planting area as sample data, uses the sample data to train the initial model, and obtains the crop water-saving irrigation digital twin model through training. The crop water-saving irrigation digital twin model is used to test the water-saving irrigation scheme and obtain test data, including the soil moisture change data over time, water infiltration rate, surface runoff, etc. of each sub-area in the crop planting area after the irrigation task is executed. The test data are aggregated to construct a corresponding test data set; Step 302: Construct the corresponding feasibility from the test data in the test data set , verify the feasibility of the water-saving irrigation scheme in the following way: and surface runoff After linear normalization, the corresponding data values ​​are mapped to the interval According to the following formula:

[0042] Weight coefficient, , ,and , the weight coefficient can be obtained by referring to the hierarchical analysis method, is the average water infiltration rate in the sub-area, is the reference target value of water infiltration rate; is the mean surface runoff in the sub-area, is the reference target value of surface runoff; Pre-set feasible thresholds based on historical data and management expectations of the irrigation effects of water-saving solutions; If the feasibility of obtaining If the feasible threshold is exceeded, it means that the output water-saving irrigation plan is feasible. At this time, an execution instruction is issued to the outside. If it does not exceed the feasible threshold, it means that the current water-saving irrigation plan is not feasible and the irrigation plan needs to be optimized to improve the execution effect of the irrigation plan. At this time, an optimization instruction is issued to the outside; When in use, after obtaining the output water-saving irrigation plan, the trained crop water-saving irrigation digital twin model is used to test the irrigation plan, and the corresponding test data is obtained, and the corresponding feasibility is constructed based on the test data. , according to feasibility The effectiveness of the water-saving irrigation scheme can be evaluated. If it is effective, it can be directly implemented. If it is not effective enough, the water-saving irrigation scheme can be optimized to ensure the reliability of the constructed water-saving irrigation scheme.

[0043] Step 303: Install an irrigation system in the crop planting area, including a sensor network, a pipeline network, and a control network. After receiving the execution instruction, the irrigation system executes the output water-saving irrigation plan. For example, under continuous rainfall conditions, the irrigation is automatically closed or reduced to avoid waterlogging and nutrient loss. When the rainfall is insufficient, the irrigation is supplemented in time according to the soil moisture data to ensure that the soil moisture remains within an appropriate range. After completing the execution of the irrigation plan, an observation instruction is issued to the outside. When used, combine the contents in steps 301 and 303: After obtaining the irrigation plan, the irrigation system in the planting area is controlled and responded to to achieve precise irrigation and water-saving irrigation in the crop planting area, which can save water while meeting the expected irrigation effect. After the irrigation plan is executed, the execution status of the water-saving irrigation plan is observed. If there is a large difference between the actual effect and the expectation after executing the water-saving irrigation plan, an alarm command is issued to the outside to facilitate timely adjustment of the current irrigation effect.

[0044] Combining the calculation and analysis of the water balance formula and the Penman formula, the critical irrigation value in different growth periods is determined, and the depth of the moistening layer is determined according to the root distribution during the crop growth period. The amount of irrigation and the depth of the moistening layer each time can ensure the effectiveness of water absorption and reduce water resource waste. The irrigation cycle and moistening layer depth are formulated according to the needs of different growth periods, which improves the efficiency of water resource utilization in agricultural production and achieves the dual effects of saving water and increasing production.

[0045] Based on the differences in water requirements and growth periods of different crops, personalized irrigation plans are provided to achieve refined management of various crops and improve the quality and yield of crops.

[0046] Step 4: Select monitoring points within the coverage area of ​​the drainage system, monitor the drainage status data in the planting area at the monitoring points, and construct the drainage anomaly degree based on the acquired drainage status data. If the drainage is abnormal If the amount exceeds expectations, emergency drainage treatment should be carried out in the crop planting area; The step 4 includes the following contents: Step 401: If the current irrigation water volume in the irrigation area is large, or the continuous rainfall is too large, the crop planting area needs to be drained. At this time, after determining the coverage area of ​​the drainage system, select a number of non-adjacent monitoring points in the coverage area, install water level sensors and flow meters and other monitoring devices at the monitoring points, monitor the working status of the drainage system in real time, and obtain real-time drainage status data, including cumulative drainage volume, groundwater level, and water level in the waterlogged area, etc., and construct a drainage status data set after aggregation; Step 402: construct a drainage anomaly degree from the drainage status data in the drainage status data set ,in, Groundwater level and water level After linear normalization, the corresponding data values ​​are mapped to the interval Then follow the following formula:

[0047] in, , is the number of monitoring points; weight coefficient: , and ;The weight coefficient can be obtained by referring to the hierarchical analysis method; is the groundwater level at the ith monitoring point, is the reference target value of groundwater level; is the water level at the monitoring point, is the reference target value of the accumulated water level; Based on historical data and management expectations of drainage status in the planting area, abnormal drainage thresholds are set in advance; If the drainage is abnormal If the drainage abnormality threshold is exceeded, it means that the current drainage state may be abnormal. For example, when the soil moisture is too high or the rainfall exceeds the standard, an alarm command is issued to the outside. After receiving the alarm command, according to the degree of drainage abnormality Take emergency measures, including using temporary drainage equipment, covering crops, and opening temporary drainage ditches; When using, combine the contents in steps 401 and 402: When drainage is required in the crop planting area, the drainage status in each area covered by the drainage system is monitored, and the corresponding drainage anomaly degree is constructed based on the monitoring data. , according to the drainage abnormality Determine whether there is any abnormality in the drainage status in the planting area. If there is any abnormality, send an alarm command to the outside and take emergency measures for the current drainage status to gradually normalize the drainage status, prevent rainwater accumulation, and avoid negative impacts of excessive rainfall on planting in the planting area.

[0048] Step 5: Query the feedback data after the implementation of the water-saving irrigation plan within the feedback cycle, and generate the satisfaction coefficient for the implementation of the water-saving irrigation task in the planting area based on the feedback data. , if the satisfaction coefficient If the output is lower than expected, an inspection order will be issued to the outside to inspect and maintain the irrigation system and related equipment in the planting area in an orderly manner; The step five includes the following contents: Step 501: pre-set a feedback cycle, query the feedback data after the irrigation plan is executed within the feedback cycle, including humidity retention time, bioaccumulation and water use efficiency in the irrigation area, etc., and construct an improvement degree from the feedback data after each irrigation plan is executed. ,in, Bioaccumulation and water use efficiency Perform linear normalization and map the corresponding data values ​​to the interval According to the following formula:

[0049] Weight coefficient, , ;The value of the weight coefficient can be defined by referring to the analytic hierarchy process; In the continuous acquisition of several improvements Finally, the satisfaction coefficient of the irrigation plan in the planting area during the feedback cycle is analyzed and obtained. , as follows:

[0050] in, n, n is the number of irrigations in the feedback cycle, is the improvement degree after the i-th irrigation scheme is implemented, is the mean of the improvement, weight coefficient: , ,and , the value of the weight coefficient remains consistent with the previous value; Pre-set satisfaction thresholds based on historical data and expected management results for irrigation in the planting area; If the satisfaction coefficient If it is lower than the satisfaction threshold, it means that the probability of achieving the expected effect is high when executing the water-saving irrigation task for the planting area within the feedback cycle, which may be caused by a fault in the irrigation system, drainage system or sensor network. At this time, an inspection instruction is issued to the outside; When in use, after executing the water-saving irrigation plan, the corresponding feedback data is collected, and the improvement degree of each irrigation plan is constructed based on the feedback data obtained. , based on the improvement The irrigation effect is evaluated each time; further, after several consecutive times, the improvement degree is Construct the corresponding satisfaction coefficient , and then comprehensively evaluate the irrigation effect to judge the irrigation effect on the planting area during the entire feedback cycle. If the irrigation effect does not meet expectations, the current irrigation plan or irrigation plan can be adjusted in time. At the same time, if the expected effect is not achieved for several consecutive times, it can be judged whether there is a fault in the irrigation system to verify the availability of the irrigation system.

[0051] Step 502: construct an electronic map covering the crop planting area, and mark the irrigation system, drainage system and sensor network on the electronic map; after receiving the inspection instruction, inspect the sensor network, irrigation system and drainage system within a preset inspection cycle, and if there is an operating fault, mark the location of the fault on the electronic map; In combination with the fault location data, a path planning algorithm is used to perform path planning on an electronic map, and the path obtained by planning is used as a maintenance path, and the maintenance path is marked on the electronic map.

[0052] When using, combine the contents in steps 501 and 502: By performing fault detection on the irrigation system, drainage system and sensor network and obtaining the corresponding fault location, the path planning algorithm outputs the corresponding maintenance path. When each fault is maintained and repaired in turn according to the maintenance path, the efficiency of maintenance and repair can be improved, and the irrigation effect of the planting area can be guaranteed when irrigating the planting area.

[0053] Among them, the hierarchical analysis method is an analysis method that combines qualitative and quantitative methods. It can decompose complex problems into multiple levels. By comparing the importance of factors at each level, it can help decision makers make decisions on complex problems and determine the final decision plan. In this process, the hierarchical analysis method can be used to determine the weight coefficients of these indicators.

[0054] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0055] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0056] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only some logical function divisions. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0057] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0058] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A precise water-saving irrigation method for leafy vegetables and root crops, characterized in that: include, The deployed sensor network monitors the environmental conditions in the crop planting area and generates the corresponding environmental abnormality degree based on the acquired monitoring data. If the environment is abnormal When the environmental anomaly threshold is exceeded, a prediction instruction is issued to the outside. The environmental data collected by the sensor network in the crop planting area, including soil moisture, rainfall, air temperature and humidity, are summarized to construct a planting environment data set. Use the trained planting area environmental prediction model to predict planting conditions and crop water demand law data, extract irrigation features from the prediction data, and use the irrigation plan library to match the corresponding water-saving irrigation plan for the crop planting area based on the irrigation features; The crop water-saving irrigation digital twin model is used to test the water-saving irrigation scheme, and the feasibility of the scheme is constructed based on the test data obtained. , by feasibility Verify the feasibility of the irrigation plan and take corresponding measures based on the verification results; select monitoring points within the coverage area of ​​the drainage system, monitor the drainage status data in the planting area at the monitoring points, and construct the drainage anomaly degree based on the acquired drainage status data. If the drainage is abnormal If the amount exceeds expectations, emergency drainage treatment should be carried out in the crop planting area; Query the feedback data after executing the water-saving irrigation plan within the feedback cycle, and generate the satisfaction coefficient for executing the water-saving irrigation task in the planting area based on the feedback data , if the satisfaction coefficient If the output was lower than expected, an inspection instruction was issued externally to carry out orderly inspection and maintenance of the irrigation system and related equipment in the planting area.

2. The precise water-saving irrigation method for crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: Generate environmental anomaly from planting environment data set , among which, soil moisture and air humidity Perform linear normalization and map the corresponding data values ​​to the interval According to the following method: in, , is the total number of data collection sub-cycles, and the weight coefficient is: , ,and ; is the soil moisture of the ith data collection sub-period, is the corresponding soil moisture reference target value, is the air humidity of the ith data collection sub-cycle, is the corresponding reference target value of air humidity.

3. The precise water-saving irrigation method for crops according to claim 2, characterized in that: After receiving the alarm command, the trained planting area environment prediction model obtains the corresponding prediction data, which are summarized to build an environmental prediction data set; feature extraction is performed on the obtained prediction data and the current crop growth status, and the corresponding irrigation features are obtained to obtain several water-saving irrigation plans, which are summarized to pre-build an irrigation plan library; According to the correspondence between irrigation characteristics and irrigation plans, the irrigation plan library matches the corresponding water-saving irrigation plan for the crop planting area and issues test instructions to the outside.

4. The precise water-saving irrigation method for crops according to claim 3, characterized in that: After receiving the test instruction, the crop water-saving irrigation digital twin model is trained and obtained, the crop water-saving irrigation digital twin model is used to test the water-saving irrigation scheme and obtain test data, and the test data is aggregated to construct the corresponding test data set; the corresponding feasibility , if the feasibility of obtaining If the feasibility threshold is exceeded, an execution instruction is issued to the outside. If the feasible threshold is not exceeded, optimization instructions are issued to the outside.

5. The precise water-saving irrigation method for crops according to claim 4, characterized in that: Water infiltration rate and surface runoff After linear normalization, the corresponding data values ​​are mapped to the interval According to the following formula, the feasibility is constructed : Weight coefficient, , ,and , is the average water infiltration rate in the sub-area, is the reference target value of water infiltration rate; is the mean surface runoff in the sub-area, It is the reference target value of surface runoff.

6. The precise water-saving irrigation method for crops according to claim 5, characterized in that: An irrigation system is installed in the crop planting area. After receiving the execution instruction, the irrigation system executes the output water-saving irrigation plan. After executing the water-saving irrigation plan, an observation instruction is issued to the outside. Select several non-adjacent monitoring points in the coverage area of ​​the drainage system, monitor the working status of the drainage system in real time at the monitoring points, obtain real-time drainage status data, and build a drainage status data set after aggregation. The drainage anomaly degree is constructed from the drainage status data in the drainage status data set. .

7. The precise water-saving irrigation method for crops according to claim 6, characterized in that: Groundwater level and water level After linear normalization, the corresponding data values ​​are mapped to the interval Then, the drainage anomaly degree is constructed according to the following formula : in, , is the number of monitoring points; weight coefficient: , and ; is the groundwater level at the ith monitoring point, is the reference target value of groundwater level; is the water level at the monitoring point, It is the reference target value of the accumulated water level.

8. The precise water-saving irrigation method for crops according to claim 7, characterized in that: Query the feedback data after executing the irrigation plan within the feedback cycle and construct the improvement degree from the feedback data after each irrigation plan is executed. , among which, the bioaccumulation and water use efficiency Perform linear normalization and map the corresponding data values ​​to the interval According to the following formula: Weight coefficient, , .

9. The precise water-saving irrigation method for crops according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the continuous acquisition of several improvements Finally, the satisfaction coefficient of the irrigation plan in the planting area during the feedback cycle is analyzed and obtained. , if the satisfaction coefficient If the value is lower than the satisfaction threshold, an inspection instruction will be issued to the outside; satisfaction coefficient The construction is as follows: in, n, n is the number of irrigations in the feedback cycle, is the improvement degree after the i-th irrigation scheme is implemented, is the mean of the improvement, weight coefficient: , ,and .

10. The precise water-saving irrigation method for crops according to claim 9, characterized in that: Construct an electronic map covering the crop planting area and mark the irrigation system, drainage system and sensor network on the electronic map; after receiving the inspection instruction, inspect the sensor network, irrigation system and drainage system within the preset inspection cycle, and if there is an operational fault, mark the location of the fault on the electronic map; In combination with the fault location data, a path planning algorithm is used to perform path planning on an electronic map, and the path obtained by planning is used as a maintenance path, and the maintenance path is marked on the electronic map.

Images