Spiral winding type membrane module for simultaneous separation of multiple components and assembly method of spiral winding type membrane module

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of low-carbon hydrocarbon separation and recovery, and discloses a spiral winding type membrane assembly for simultaneous separation of multiple components and an assembly method thereof.The spiral winding type membrane assembly comprises a membrane shell, a membrane element located in the membrane shell, end covers fixed to the two ends of the membrane shell respectively and a central permeation tube, and holes are symmetrically formed in the surface of the central tube; four inlets and outlets are formed in the surface of the membrane shell and serve as a feed gas inlet, a trapped gas outlet, a second component purging gas inlet and a second component purging gas outlet; through holes are formed in the two end covers and are respectively used as a first component purging gas inlet and a first component purging gas outlet; the circumferential sealing of the membrane element adopts interval type sealing and is used as a second component permeated gas outlet channel; the membrane element comprises a feeding separation net, a first component separation membrane, a first component permeation separation net, a second component separation membrane and a second component permeation separation net, the feeding separation net serves as a feeding compartment, the first component permeation separation net serves as a first component permeation compartment, and the second component permeation separation net serves as a second component permeation compartment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of separation and recovery of low-carbon hydrocarbons, and specifically designs a spirally wound membrane component for simultaneous separation of multiple components and an assembly method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of gas separation, with the diversification of industrial application needs, the simultaneous separation of multi-component gases has become an important research direction. Traditional gas separation technologies, such as adsorption, condensation or chemical absorption, are often difficult to efficiently separate multiple gas components at the same time, and there are problems such as high energy consumption, complex equipment, and cumbersome operation. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a technology that can efficiently separate multiple gas components at the same time.

[0003] As an emerging gas separation equipment, gas separation membrane assembly has shown great potential in the field of multi-component gas separation due to its advantages such as high efficiency, low energy consumption and easy operation. However, the existing spiral wound membrane assembly includes conical strip membrane assembly (CN 105344250 B), membrane assembly with columnar reinforcement (CN 115779690B), desalination membrane assembly with bionic net (CN 118561373 A) and detachable membrane assembly with opening and closing structure (CN 115888397 B), etc., which are only optimized for a single component and have limited ability to separate complex multi-components simultaneously. In order to overcome this technical bottleneck and improve the competitiveness and economy of this technology, it is urgent to develop a spiral wound membrane assembly for simultaneous separation of multiple components. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of gas separation membrane assembly for simultaneous separation of multiple component gases, which achieves efficient and accurate separation of multiple gas components through innovative membrane structure construction and flow channel innovation. The gas separation membrane assembly of the present invention can adopt selected membrane materials and combine with a unique flow channel layout, so that multiple gas components can be separated according to a predetermined ratio and purity when passing through the membrane assembly, wherein the ratio and purity are determined by the membrane material. This design not only improves the simultaneous separation efficiency of multi-component gases, but also greatly reduces energy consumption and operating costs, opening up new avenues for the development of gas separation technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a spirally wound membrane assembly for simultaneous separation of multiple components, including a membrane shell, a central permeation tube is arranged in the membrane shell, and a membrane element is spirally wound on the central permeation tube; an upper end cover and a lower end cover are arranged at both ends of the membrane shell, the central permeation tube is open at both ends, an air inlet is arranged on the tube wall of the central permeation tube, a first component purge chamber is formed inside the central permeation tube, a first component purge gas inlet is arranged on the upper end cover, and a first component purge gas outlet is arranged on the lower end cover; and the outer ring of the central permeation tube and the inner ring of the membrane shell are sealed up and down, a second component purge chamber is formed between the upper and lower seals, and a second component purge gas inlet and a second component purge gas outlet are arranged on the membrane shell; the upper seal and the upper end cover are sealed up and down between the upper and lower seals, and a second component purge chamber is formed between the upper and lower seals, and a second component purge gas inlet and a second component purge gas outlet are arranged on the membrane shell; the upper seal and the upper end cover A raw gas chamber is formed between the upper sealing member and the lower end cover; a retained gas chamber is formed between the upper sealing member and the lower end cover, and a raw gas inlet and a retained gas outlet are arranged on the membrane shell; the membrane element is a single-group membrane element, including a protective layer, a second component permeation screen, a second component separation membrane, a feed screen, a first component separation membrane and a first component permeation screen which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside; the first component permeation screen is connected to the central permeation tube and is sealed to form a first component membrane bag; the second component permeation screen is connected to the second component purge air cavity and is sealed to form a second component membrane bag; the second component separation membrane, the feed screen and the first component separation membrane are connected to the feed gas inlet and the retained gas outlet, and are sealed to form a feed membrane bag.

[0007] As a further technical solution, the membrane element is a double-group membrane element, including a second component permeation screen, a second component separation membrane, a first feed screen, a first component separation membrane, a first component permeation screen, a first component separation membrane, a second feed screen, and a second component separation membrane, which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside.

[0008] As a further technical solution, the membrane elements are three groups of membrane elements, which are arranged in the order of protective layer, second component permeation screen, second component separation membrane, first feed screen, first component separation membrane, first component permeation screen, first component separation membrane, second feed screen, second component separation membrane, second component permeation screen, second component separation membrane, third feed screen, first component separation membrane, and first component permeation screen.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the membrane element is a plurality of groups of membrane elements. When there are an even number of membrane elements, the protective layer is not included, and when there are an odd number of membrane elements, the protective layer is included.

[0010] As a further technical solution, the membrane element is a plurality of groups of membrane elements, one side of the feed screen is the second component separation membrane, the other side is the first component separation membrane, between adjacent first component separation membranes is the first component permeation screen; between adjacent second component separation membranes is the second component permeation screen; the relationship between the number of membrane element layers and the number of groups is: when it is an odd group, y=8n-2 is satisfied; when it is an even group, y=8n-8 is satisfied, wherein: n is the number of groups, and y is the number of layers.

[0011] As a further technical solution, sealing rings are provided between the upper end cover and the membrane housing, and between the lower end cover and the membrane housing.

[0012] As a further technical solution, sealing rings are provided between the upper end cover and the central permeation tube, and between the lower end cover and the central permeation tube.

[0013] In the second aspect, the present invention also provides an assembly method of a spiral-wound membrane assembly for simultaneous separation of multiple components, wherein the membrane element with a central permeation tube is assembled inside a membrane housing, and upper end covers and lower end covers are assembled at both ends of the membrane element, wherein a groove is provided at the connection between the upper end cover and the membrane housing, and an upper sealing O-ring is assembled thereon, and a groove is provided at the connection between the lower end cover and the membrane housing, and a lower sealing O-ring is assembled thereon; a groove is provided at the connection between the upper end cover and the central permeation tube, and an upper sealing ring is assembled thereon, and a groove is provided at the connection between the lower end cover and the central permeation tube, and a lower sealing ring is assembled thereon; a flexible upper sealing sleeve and a flexible lower sealing sleeve are assembled between the membrane element and the membrane housing.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the preparation method of the membrane element is as follows:

[0015] In accordance with the set order, the layers of the membrane element are bonded, and the upper and lower edges between the second component separation membrane and the feed spacer are not bonded, and the upper and lower edges between the feed spacer and the first component separation membrane are not bonded, and the rest are bonded; then each membrane bag is spirally wound onto the central permeation tube to obtain the spirally wound membrane element composed of a single group of membrane elements.

[0016] As a further technical solution, the first component permeation screen is bonded to and connected with the central permeation tube; the second component permeation screen is connected with the second component purge air cavity; the second component separation membrane, the feed screen, and the upper part of the first component separation membrane are connected with the raw gas inlet, and the lower part of the second component separation membrane, the feed screen, and the first component separation membrane is connected with the retained gas outlet.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] The present invention achieves separation of gases of different components by designing the structure of membrane elements, membrane housings and central permeation tubes, and by the mutual cooperation of membrane elements, membrane housings and central permeation tubes; it not only improves the simultaneous separation efficiency of multi-component gases, but also greatly reduces energy consumption and operating costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the spiral wound membrane module of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane element of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 A diagram of the glue application scheme of the film bag of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the material import and export of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the material inlet and outlet and the sealing ring arrangement in the membrane element of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of material flow in the feed film bag.

[0025] Wherein: 1, upper end cover; 2, upper sealing o-ring; 3, upper sealing ring; 4, upper sealing sleeve; 5, membrane element; 6, central permeation tube; 7, lower sealing sleeve; 8, lower sealing ring; 9, lower sealing o-ring; 10, lower end cover; 11, membrane shell; 501 protective layer; 502, second component permeation screen; 503, second component separation membrane; 504, feed screen; 505, first component separation membrane; 506, first component permeation screen; 507, sealing layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated below through specific implementation methods.

[0027] An embodiment of the present invention provides a spiral wound membrane module for simultaneous separation of multiple components and an assembly method thereof.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3The membrane assembly includes an upper end cover 1, an upper sealing o-ring 2, an upper sealing ring 3, an upper sealing sleeve 4, a membrane element 5, a central permeation tube 6, a lower sealing sleeve 7, a lower sealing ring 8, a lower sealing o-ring 9, a lower end cover 10 and a membrane housing 11; each component cooperates to form a plurality of chambers, namely, a raw gas chamber, a trapped gas chamber, a first component purge gas chamber, and a second component purge gas chamber; the details are as follows:

[0030] The membrane element 5 with the central permeation tube 6 is located inside the membrane housing 11. The membrane element 5 is provided with an upper end cap 1 and a lower end cap 10 at both ends. An upper annular chamber is formed between the upper end cap 1 and the top of the membrane element 5, and a lower annular chamber is formed between the lower end cap 10 and the bottom of the membrane element 5. The upper annular chamber is the raw gas chamber; the lower annular chamber is the trapped gas chamber; and in order to achieve the sealing of the two chambers, a groove is provided at the connection between the upper end cap 1 and the membrane housing 11, and an upper sealing o-ring 2 is equipped. The lower end cap 10 and the membrane A groove is provided at the connection part of the outer shell 11, and is equipped with a lower sealing o-ring 9. The function of the upper sealing o-ring 2 and the lower sealing o-ring 9 is to seal the raw gas chamber and the trapped gas chamber to prevent the raw gas or trapped gas from leaking to the outside of the membrane assembly; further, the membrane outer shell 11 is provided with a raw gas inlet at the upper position of the upper sealing sleeve 4, and the raw gas inlet is connected to the raw gas chamber. The membrane outer shell 11 is provided with a trapped gas outlet at the lower position of the lower sealing sleeve 7, and the trapped gas outlet is connected to the trapped gas chamber.

[0031] Furthermore, it also includes a first component purge gas chamber. Specifically, a first component purge gas inlet is arranged along the central axis direction of the upper end cover 1, and a first component purge gas outlet is arranged along the central axis direction of the lower end cover 10; the first component purge gas inlet and the first component purge gas outlet are communicated with the central permeation tube 6, a first component purge gas chamber is formed inside the central permeation tube 6, and a plurality of air inlet holes are arranged on the central permeation tube 6; in order to prevent the raw gas chamber and the chamber gas formed by the central permeation tube 6 from mutual channeling; in this embodiment, a groove is arranged at the connection between the upper end cover 1 and the central permeation tube 6, and an upper sealing ring 3 is installed; a groove is arranged at the connection between the lower end cover 10 and the central permeation tube 6, and a lower sealing ring 8 is installed. The function of the upper sealing ring 3 is to prevent the raw gas chamber and the central permeation tube 6 chamber gas from mutual channeling, and the function of the lower sealing ring 8 is to prevent the trapped gas chamber and the central permeation tube 6 chamber gas from mutual channeling;

[0032] Furthermore, it also includes a second component purge gas chamber. Specifically, an annular cavity is formed between the membrane element 5 and the membrane housing 11, and a flexible upper sealing sleeve 4 and a flexible lower sealing sleeve 7 are arranged between the membrane element 5 and the membrane housing 11. The upper sealing sleeve 4, the lower sealing sleeve 7 and the annular cavity together constitute a second component purge gas chamber, and the membrane housing 11 is provided with a second component purge gas inlet at a lower position of the upper sealing sleeve 4, and the membrane housing 11 is provided with a second component purge gas outlet at an upper position of the lower sealing sleeve 7. The second component purge gas inlet and the second component purge gas outlet are both connected to the second component purge gas chamber; the upper sealing sleeve 4 and the lower sealing sleeve 7 are used to compensate for the unevenness of the membrane element surface caused by the final section and the low roundness caused by the film roll, and at the same time seal the second component purge gas chamber to prevent the second component purge gas chamber gas from interflowing with the raw gas and the trapped gas; the side wall of the central permeation tube 6 is provided with two or more symmetrical rows of air inlet holes as a channel for the first component permeate gas to enter the central permeation tube 6;

[0033] Furthermore, the membrane element 5 in this embodiment is a single-group membrane element, which is arranged in the order of a protective layer 501, a second component permeation screen 502, a second component separation membrane 503, a feed screen 504, a first component separation membrane 505, and a first component permeation screen 506, wherein the back of the second component permeation screen 502 is pressed on the front of the protective layer 501, and the upper and lower edges are glued; the back of the second component separation membrane 503 is pressed on the front of the second component permeation screen 502, and the upper and lower edges and one of the vertical sides are glued, the back of the feed screen 504 is pressed on the front of the second component separation membrane 503, and only the left and right sides are sealed, and the upper and lower sides are not sealed; the back of the first component separation membrane 505 is pressed on the front of the feed screen 504, and only the left and right sides are sealed, and the upper and lower sides are not sealed. The side is not sealed; the back side of the first component permeation screen 506 is pressed against the front side of the first component separation membrane 505, and the upper and lower sides and one of the vertical sides are glued; the front side of the first component permeation screen 506 is connected to the central permeation tube, and the upper and lower sides are glued; the second component permeation screen is connected to the second component purge air cavity; wherein the protective layer 501, the second component permeation screen 502 and the second component separation membrane 503 constitute a second component membrane bag; the second component separation membrane 503, the feed screen 504 and the first component separation membrane 505 constitute a feed membrane bag; the first component separation membrane 505, the first component permeation screen 506 and the protective layer 501 constitute a first component membrane bag; then each membrane bag is spirally wound onto the central permeation tube to obtain the spirally wound membrane element composed of a single group of membrane elements.

[0034] The sealing line 507 of the glued protective layer 501, the second component permeation screen 502, the second component separation membrane 503, the feed screen 504, the first component separation membrane 505, and the first component permeation screen 506 is specifically referred to in Figure 3 After the membrane element is rolled, it is sealed with a sealing layer 507, and a second component permeate outlet flow channel is reserved. Figure 5 ;

[0035] See also Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 The membrane assembly is provided with six material inlets and outlets, namely, the first component purge gas inlet, the first component purge gas outlet, the feed gas inlet, the intercepted gas outlet, the second component purge gas inlet, and the second component purge gas outlet;

[0036] The raw gas enters through the raw gas inlet and then enters the membrane element from the side of the central permeation tube 6 for separation. After selective separation by the first component separation membrane 505, the raw gas enters the central permeation tube 6 along the first component permeation screen 506 through the air inlet provided on the central permeation tube 6, and then is purged out of the membrane assembly by the first component purge gas entering from above the membrane assembly, or is vacuum-drawn out of the membrane assembly.

[0037] The feed gas is selectively separated by the second component separation membrane 503 and then enters the second component purge gas chamber along the second component permeation screen 502, and is swept out of the membrane assembly by the second component purge gas. The remaining retained gas is separated and flows out of the membrane assembly through the retained gas outlet.

[0038] The material flow trend in the feed film bag can be seen in Figure 6 , specifically:

[0039] The feed gas enters the feed screen 504 in a direction parallel to the axis of the central permeation tube 6, the permeated gas passes through the selective separation membranes along the radial direction of the feed screen 504 to both sides, and the retained gas flows out along the feed screen 504;

[0040] The material flow trend in the first component membrane bag with the first component separation membrane 505 on one side of the first component permeation screen 506 and the protective layer 501 on the other side is as follows: the protective layer 501 does not allow gas to pass through, and the rest is the same as the first component membrane bag with the first component separation membrane 505 on both sides; the second component membrane bag is the same as the first component membrane bag.

[0041] When using the spiral wound membrane assembly provided by the present invention, the membrane element with the central permeation tube is installed in a membrane housing, the two ends of the central permeation tube are open, one end is used as the first component purge gas inlet, and the other end is used as the first component purge gas outlet, the raw gas enters the feed membrane bag through the raw gas inlet, and is separated according to the different separation membranes using the permeation selectivity, the gas separated by the first component separation membrane passes through the first component membrane bag along a spiral path and enters the central permeation tube from the air inlet for collection, and the gas separated by the second component separation membrane passes through the second component membrane bag along a spiral path and enters the second component purge gas cavity for collection;

[0042] Preferably, the thickness of the feed screen 504 is 0.60-0.80 mm, for example, 0.60 mm, 0.65 mm, 0.70 mm, 0.75 mm or 0.80 mm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0043] Preferably, the mesh width of the feed screen 504 is 2.6-3.4 mm, for example, 2.6 mm, 2.8 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.2 mm or 3.4 mm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0044] Preferably, the wire angle of the feed screen 504 is 45-135°, for example, it can be 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°120° or 135°, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable, preferably 90°.

[0045] Preferably, the material of the feed screen is polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester fiber or polyphenylene sulfide.

[0046] Preferably, the thickness of the first component permeable screen or the second component permeable screen is 0.1-0.3 mm, for example, 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm or 0.3 mm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0047] Preferably, the mesh width of the first component permeable screen or the second component permeable screen is 0.6-0.9 mm, for example, it can be 0.60 mm, 0.65 mm, 0.70 mm, 0.75 mm, 0.80 mm 0.85 mm or 0.90 mm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0048] Preferably, the wire angle of the first component permeation screen or the second component permeation screen is 45-135°, for example, it can be 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°120° or 135°, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable, preferably 90°.

[0049] Preferably, the material of the feed screen is polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester fiber or polyphenylene sulfide.

[0050] Preferably, the width of the sealing layer is 1 / 31-1 / 5 of the length of the membrane element, that is, 1 / 31-1 / 5 of the length parallel to the axis of the central permeation tube. For example, it can be 1 / 31 of the length of the membrane element, 1 / 25 of the length of the membrane element, 1 / 19 of the length of the membrane element, 1 / 11 of the length of the membrane element or 1 / 5 of the length of the membrane element, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are equally applicable.

[0051] Preferably, the sealing method is glue sealing or laser welding.

[0052] Preferably, the adhesive seal adopts two-component polyurethane adhesive.

[0053] The present invention adopts glue sealing or laser welding to avoid damaging the separation layer of the separation membrane and ensure the sealing performance of the spiral wound membrane assembly.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] The same as Example 1, except that the membrane element is a double-group membrane element, which is arranged in the order of the second component permeation mesh 502, the second component separation membrane 503, the feed mesh 504, the first component separation membrane 505, the first component permeation mesh 506, the first component separation membrane 505, the feed mesh 504, and the second component separation membrane 503, wherein the second component separation membrane 503, the second component permeation mesh 502 and the second component separation membrane 503 constitute the second component membrane bag; the second component separation membrane 503, the feed mesh 504 and the first component separation membrane 505 constitute the feed membrane bag; the first component separation membrane 505, the first component permeation mesh 506 and the first component separation membrane 505 constitute the first component membrane bag; the first component separation membrane 505, the feed mesh 504 and the second component separation membrane 503 constitute the feed membrane bag. Then each membrane bag is spirally wound onto the central permeation tube to obtain the spirally wound membrane element composed of two groups of membrane elements.

[0056] It should be noted that: between the feed screen and the second component separation membrane, between the first component separation membrane and the feed screen, only the left and right sides are sealed, and the upper and lower sides are not sealed;

[0057] In this embodiment, the material flow trend in the first component membrane bag with the first component separation membrane 505 on both sides of the first component permeation mesh 506 is as follows: the permeated gas passing through the first component separation membrane 505 on both sides of the first component permeation mesh 506 enters the first component permeation mesh 506, and enters the central permeation tube 6 along the first component permeation mesh 506 through the air inlet provided on the central permeation tube 6;

[0058] Example 3

[0059] The same as Example 1, except that the membrane elements are three groups of membrane elements, and the three groups of membrane elements are arranged and bonded in the order of protective layer 501, second component permeation mesh 502, second component separation membrane 503, feed mesh 504, first component separation membrane 505, first component permeation mesh 506, first component separation membrane 505, feed mesh 504, second component separation membrane 503, second component permeation mesh 502, second component separation membrane 503, feed mesh 504, first component separation membrane 505, and first component permeation mesh 506, wherein the protective layer 501, the second component permeation mesh 502 and the second component separation membrane 503 constitute the second component membrane bag; the second component separation membrane 503, feed mesh 504 and first component separation membrane 505 constitute a feed membrane bag; first component separation membrane 505, first component permeation mesh 506 and first component separation membrane 505 constitute a first component membrane bag; first component separation membrane 505, feed mesh 504 and second component separation membrane 503 constitute a feed membrane bag; second component separation membrane 503, second component permeation mesh 502 and second component separation membrane 503 constitute a second component membrane bag; second component separation membrane 503, feed mesh 504 and first component separation membrane 505 constitute a feed membrane bag; first component separation membrane 505, first component permeation mesh 506 and protective layer 501 constitute a first component membrane bag. Then each membrane bag is spirally wound onto the central permeation tube to obtain the spirally wound membrane element consisting of two groups of membrane elements.

[0060] Furthermore, the membrane element can also be designed into four groups of membrane elements or more groups of membrane elements, and the specific arrangement rule is: when it is an even number of membrane elements, the protective layer is not included, and when it is an odd number of membrane elements, the protective layer is included. The membrane element is a plurality of groups of membrane elements, one side of the feed screen is the second component separation membrane, and the other side is the first component separation membrane, between adjacent first component separation membranes is the first component permeation screen; between adjacent second component separation membranes is the second component permeation screen; the relationship between the number of membrane element layers and the number of groups is: when it is an odd group, y=8n-2 is satisfied; when it is an even group, y=8n-8 is satisfied, where: n is the number of groups, y is the number of layers.

[0061] It should be noted that only the left and right sides of the feed spacer and the second component separation membrane, and between the first component separation membrane and the feed spacer are sealed, while the upper and lower sides are not sealed.

[0062] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A spiral wound membrane module for simultaneous separation of multiple components, characterized in that: It comprises a membrane shell, a central permeation tube is arranged inside the membrane shell, and a membrane element is spirally wound on the central permeation tube; an upper end cap and a lower end cap are arranged at both ends of the membrane shell, the central permeation tube is open at both ends, an air inlet is arranged on the tube wall of the central permeation tube, a first component purge chamber is formed inside the central permeation tube, a first component purge gas inlet is arranged on the upper end cap, and a first component purge gas outlet is arranged on the lower end cap; and the outer ring of the central permeation tube and the inner ring of the membrane shell are sealed up and down, a second component purge chamber is formed between the upper and lower seals, a second component purge gas inlet and a second component purge gas outlet are arranged on the membrane shell; a raw gas chamber is formed between the upper seal and the upper end cap; A trapped gas chamber is formed between the upper sealing member and the lower end cover, and a raw gas inlet and a trapped gas outlet are arranged on the membrane housing; the membrane element is a single-group membrane element, including a protective layer, a second component permeation screen, a second component separation membrane, a feed screen, a first component separation membrane and a first component permeation screen arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside; the first component permeation screen is connected to the central permeation tube and is sealed to form a first component membrane bag; The second component permeation screen is connected to the second component purge air cavity and sealed to form a second component membrane bag; the second component separation membrane, feed screen, first component separation membrane are connected to the feed gas inlet and the retained gas outlet and sealed to form a feed membrane bag.

2. The spiral wound membrane module for simultaneous separation of multiple components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The membrane element is a double-group membrane element, including a second component permeation screen, a second component separation membrane, a first feed screen, a first component separation membrane, a first component permeation screen, a first component separation membrane, a second feed screen, and a second component separation membrane, which are arranged in sequence from outside to inside.

3. The spiral wound membrane module for simultaneous separation of multiple components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The membrane elements are three groups of membrane elements, which are arranged in the order of protective layer, second component permeation screen, second component separation membrane, first feed screen, first component separation membrane, first component permeation screen, first component separation membrane, second feed screen, second component separation membrane, second component permeation screen, second component separation membrane, third feed screen, first component separation membrane, and first component permeation screen.

4. The spiral wound membrane module for simultaneous separation of multiple components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The membrane elements are multiple groups of membrane elements. When there are an even number of membrane elements, the protective layer is not included. When there are an odd number of membrane elements, the protective layer is included.

5. The spiral wound membrane module for simultaneous separation of multiple components according to claim 4, characterized in that: The membrane element is a multi-group membrane element, one side of the feed spacer is the second component separation membrane, the other side is the first component separation membrane, between adjacent first component separation membranes is the first component permeation spacer; between adjacent second component separation membranes is the second component permeation spacer; the relationship between the number of membrane element layers and the number of groups is: when it is an odd group, it satisfies y=8n-2; when it is an even group, it satisfies: y=8n-8, where: n is the number of groups, y is the number of layers.

6. A spiral wound membrane module for simultaneous separation of multiple components as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Sealing rings are provided between the upper end cover and the membrane shell, and between the lower end cover and the membrane shell.

7. A spiral wound membrane module for simultaneous separation of multiple components as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Sealing rings are provided between the upper end cover and the central permeation tube, and between the lower end cover and the central permeation tube.

8. The method for assembling a spiral wound membrane module for simultaneous separation of multiple components according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The membrane element with a central permeation tube is assembled inside the membrane shell, and an upper end cover and a lower end cover are assembled at both ends of the membrane element, wherein a groove is provided at the connection between the upper end cover and the membrane shell, and an upper sealing O-ring is assembled thereon, and a groove is provided at the connection between the lower end cover and the membrane shell, and a lower sealing O-ring is assembled thereon; a groove is provided at the connection between the upper end cover and the central permeation tube, and an upper sealing ring is assembled thereon, and a groove is provided at the connection between the lower end cover and the central permeation tube, and a lower sealing ring is assembled thereon; a flexible upper sealing sleeve and a flexible lower sealing sleeve are assembled between the membrane element and the membrane shell.

9. The method for assembling a spiral wound membrane module for simultaneous multi-component separation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The preparation method of the membrane element is as follows: In accordance with the set order, the layers of the membrane element are bonded, and the upper and lower edges between the second component separation membrane and the feed spacer are not bonded, and the upper and lower edges between the feed spacer and the first component separation membrane are not bonded, and the rest are bonded; then each membrane bag is spirally wound onto the central permeation tube to obtain the spirally wound membrane element composed of a single group of membrane elements.

10. The method for assembling a spiral wound membrane module for simultaneous separation of multiple components according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first component permeation screen is bonded to and connected with the central permeation tube; the second component permeation screen is connected with the second component purge air cavity; the second component separation membrane, the feed screen, and the upper part of the first component separation membrane are connected with the raw gas inlet, and the lower part of the second component separation membrane, the feed screen, and the first component separation membrane is connected with the retained gas outlet.

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