Biodiesel microchannel reactor and reaction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of chemical reactors, and discloses a biodiesel microchannel reactor and a reaction method thereof.The biodiesel microchannel reactor is characterized by comprising a reactor shell; the connecting channels are arranged in the reactor shell, heat exchange channels are formed in the connecting channels, and every two adjacent heat exchange channels are communicated with each other; through reasonable feeding amount control, an efficient material replacement mechanism and accurate reaction time management, the reaction efficiency can be effectively improved, raw material waste is reduced, and the biodiesel production process is optimized. Meanwhile, under the condition that the overall structure size is not changed, the flow speed and reaction requirements are flexibly adjusted according to material characteristics, and compared with a traditional channel length adjusting mode, the structure is more compact, and material residues are effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of chemical reactors, and in particular to a biodiesel microchannel reactor and a reaction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that is usually produced from vegetable oils, animal fats or waste oils through transesterification. Microchannel reactors are widely used in biodiesel production due to their efficient mass and heat transfer performance. However, existing microchannel reactors have certain limitations when dealing with different flow rate conditions and solution characteristics, especially in the regulation of reaction time.

[0003] During the transesterification reaction, the residence time of the reactants directly affects the conversion rate and the quality of the final product. When the flow rate is fast, the residence time of the material in the reactor is shortened, which may lead to incomplete reaction, so the reaction time needs to be increased to ensure sufficient reaction. On the contrary, when the flow rate is slow, the material has completed the reaction in a shorter channel. If the reaction time is too long, it may lead to an increase in side reactions or a decrease in production efficiency. Therefore, the ideal microchannel reactor should be able to flexibly adjust the flow rate and reaction time according to the material characteristics to improve production efficiency and product quality.

[0004] In the prior art, a common method is to change the reaction time by means of adjustable channel length, such as using a retractable pipeline or a variable path structure. However, this method has many disadvantages. First, increasing or adjusting the channel length often leads to an increase in the overall volume of the reactor, which is not conducive to compact design and affects the equipment integration in industrial applications. Secondly, when a telescopic pipeline structure is used, the joints between the pipelines are prone to form a stepped structure, resulting in discontinuous fluid flow, and easily causing material residues, affecting product quality. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a biodiesel microchannel reactor and a reaction method thereof, aiming to alleviate the above problems at least to a certain extent.

[0006] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions: A biodiesel microchannel reactor, comprising: Reactor housing; A plurality of connecting channels are provided in the reactor shell, wherein heat exchange channels are formed in the connecting channels, and every two adjacent heat exchange channels are connected; A first microchannel, a second microchannel and a third microchannel are arranged in the connecting channel, wherein, between adjacent connecting channels, the first microchannels are connected to each other, the second microchannels are connected to each other, and the third microchannels are connected to each other; A first connecting cavity and a second connecting cavity are provided in the reactor shell, and are respectively located on the left and right sides of the reactor shell, and a plurality of connecting channels are located between the first connecting cavity and the second connecting cavity; A feed pipe and a discharge pipe are arranged on the reactor shell, wherein the feed pipe is connected to the first microchannel on the far left, and the discharge pipe is connected to the first microchannel on the far right; A feeding component disposed in the first connecting cavity, used for conveying materials into the feeding pipe, allowing the materials to flow in the feeding pipe; The rotating component disposed between the first connecting cavity and the second connecting cavity is used to rotate the plurality of connecting channels.

[0007] Preferably, a first connecting pipe is connected between each adjacent connecting channel, and each first connecting pipe is used to connect adjacent first microchannels, adjacent second microchannels, and adjacent third microchannels to form a plurality of reaction channels, and the volumes of the plurality of reaction channels are the same; The inner walls of the curved parts of the first microchannel, the second microchannel and the third microchannel are provided with spiral guide grooves.

[0008] Preferably, heat exchange tubes are connected to both ends of the reactor shell, the heat exchange tube on the left is connected to an adjacent heat exchange channel, the heat exchange tube on the right is connected to an adjacent heat exchange channel, a second connecting tube is fixedly connected between every two adjacent heat exchange channels, the heat exchange tube on the far left is rotatably connected to the heat exchange channel, and the heat exchange tube on the far right is fixed to the heat exchange channel; Two partitions are connected inside the reactor shell, the feed pipe is connected to the nearest first microchannel through an opening on one of the partitions, the discharge pipe is connected to the nearest first microchannel through an opening on the other partition, and a plurality of sealing gaskets are provided on the connecting channel adjacent to the partition, which is in contact with the partition.

[0009] Preferably, the angle at which the rotating component drives the connecting channel to rotate is a preset angle; The rotating component includes a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the partition, a connecting cylinder is connected to the rotating shaft and is located in the first connecting cavity, a guide rail groove is opened on the outer wall of the connecting cylinder, a first gear is connected to the heat exchange tube in the second connecting cavity, a connecting shaft is rotatably connected in the second connecting cavity, a second gear meshing with the first gear is connected to the connecting shaft, and the second gear is an incomplete gear. One end of the rotating shaft extends into the second connecting cavity and a chain transmission mechanism is provided between the connecting shaft and the connecting shaft. A guide rod is provided in the first connecting cavity, and the guide rod is inserted into the guide rail groove.

[0010] Preferably, the feed component can intermittently deliver material to the feed pipe, and the amount of material delivered by the feed component to the feed pipe is the total capacity of the feed pipe after being connected to the reaction channel; The feeding component includes a push plate slidably connected to the first connecting cavity, a guide ring is slidably connected to the heat exchange tube in the first connecting cavity, a connecting rod rotatably connected to the push plate is rotatably connected to the guide ring, and a first spring is connected between the push plate and the heat exchange tube.

[0011] Preferably, the rotating component can stop rotating the connecting channel when the feeding component performs the material conveying work, and can rotate the connecting channel when the feeding component stops performing the material conveying work; The guide rod is connected to the guide ring; The chain transmission mechanism comprises a first sprocket connected to the rotating shaft, a second sprocket is connected to the connecting shaft, a chain is arranged between the first sprocket and the second sprocket, and a ratchet mechanism is arranged between the first sprocket and the rotating shaft.

[0012] Preferably, the feeding component can adjust the feeding speed to adjust the flow rate of the material, and the rotating component can adjust the rotation speed of the connecting channel to adjust the reaction time of the material; A linear drive member is connected to one side of the reactor shell, and a linear drive shaft of the linear drive member is connected to the guide ring.

[0013] Preferably, the feed pipe includes a liquid inlet pipe connected to the reactor shell and a guide pipe connected to the first connecting cavity, the guide pipe is connected to the opening on the partition and communicates with one of the reaction channels, a baffle is provided at the bottom of the liquid inlet pipe, a limiting frame is connected to the top of the baffle and is slidably connected to the liquid inlet pipe, a second spring is connected between the limiting frame and the liquid inlet pipe, a separator pipe is connected inside the guide pipe, a plurality of connecting openings are provided on the separator pipe, a retaining ring is slidably connected to the separator pipe, and a third spring is connected between the retaining ring and the separator pipe.

[0014] Preferably, a guide plate is provided in the heat exchange channel, a plurality of arc-shaped guide strips are connected to the guide plate, and the guide plate is connected to the second connecting pipe.

[0015] A biodiesel reaction method, applicable to any of the above-mentioned biodiesel microchannel reactors, characterized in that the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: The liquid material to be reacted is transported to the first connecting cavity for temporary storage, and the cold liquid in the heat exchange channel flows through multiple connecting channels to perform heat exchange with the material in the reaction channel; Step 2: transporting the material in the first connecting cavity to the reaction channel formed by the feed pipe and the first microchannel through the feed component; Step 3: The feeding component suspends the conveying of the material, and the rotating component rotates the connecting channel to a preset angle, so that the reaction channel formed by connecting the plurality of second microchannels is connected with the feeding pipe and the discharging pipe; Step 4: the feeding component starts to transport materials to the reaction channel connected to the second microchannel; Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 to allow all reaction channels to store the reaction solution; Step 6: In each reaction channel, the material reacts according to the set reaction time. After the first reaction channel completes the reaction within the predetermined time, steps 3 and 4 are repeated to transport new materials to be reacted to the reaction channel, and the new solution to be reacted is used to push out the materials that have completed the reaction and discharge them through the discharge pipe.

[0016] In summary, the present invention mainly has the following beneficial effects: The present application sets up heat exchange channels so that the cold liquid flows through multiple connecting channels and exchanges heat with the materials in the reaction channels to ensure a stable reaction temperature. Through the control of the rotating component, each rotation connects a new reaction channel to the feed pipe and the discharge pipe to achieve sequential transportation and reaction of the materials, thereby ensuring the continuity and efficiency of the reaction process. The amount of material delivered by the feed component to the feed pipe matches the total capacity of the reaction channel, so that the newly entered material can completely fill the currently connected reaction channel, and at the same time, the reacted material is ejected to avoid the mixing of the incompletely reacted material into the final product, thereby improving the conversion rate of biodiesel synthesis and the stability of product quality; In summary, this application can effectively improve reaction efficiency, reduce raw material waste, and optimize the production process of biodiesel through reasonable feed amount control, efficient material replacement mechanism and precise reaction time management. At the same time, without changing the overall structural dimensions, the flow rate and reaction requirements can be flexibly adjusted according to the material characteristics. Compared with the traditional method of adjusting the channel length, the structure is more compact and effectively avoids material residue. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the reactor shell structure of the present invention; Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the reactor shell structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the connecting channel structure of the present invention; Figure 5 is another schematic diagram of the connecting channel structure of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the first, second and third microchannel structures of the present invention; Figure 7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a first microchannel structure of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guide plate of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating component of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the connecting tube structure of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the ratchet mechanism structure of the present invention; Fig.12 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the feed pipe structure of the present invention.

[0018] Reference numerals: 100, reactor shell; 101, connecting channel; 102, heat exchange channel; 103, first microchannel; 104, second microchannel; 105, third microchannel; 106, first connecting cavity; 107, second connecting cavity; 108, feed pipe; 109, discharge pipe; 200, spiral guide groove; 201, first connecting pipe; 202, heat exchange pipe; 203, second connecting pipe; 204, partition; 205, sealing gasket; 206, guide plate; 207, arc-shaped guide strip; 300, rotating shaft; 301, connecting cylinder; 302, guide rail groove; 303, first gear; 304, connecting shaft; 305, second gear; 306, guide rod; 307, first sprocket; 308, second sprocket; 309, chain; 310, ratchet mechanism; 400, push plate; 401, guide ring; 402, connecting rod; 403, first spring; 404, linear drive member; 500, liquid inlet pipe; 501, flow guide pipe; 502, baffle; 503, limit frame; 504, second spring; 505, separation pipe; 506, connecting opening; 507, baffle ring; 508, third spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] refer to Figure 1-Figure 12 , a biodiesel microchannel reactor, comprising: Reactor housing 100; A plurality of connecting channels 101 are provided in the reactor housing 100, wherein heat exchange channels 102 are formed in the connecting channels 101, and every two adjacent heat exchange channels 102 are connected; A first microchannel 103, a second microchannel 104 and a third microchannel 105 are arranged in the connecting channel 101, wherein, between adjacent connecting channels 101, the first microchannels 103 are connected to each other, the second microchannels 104 are connected to each other, and the third microchannels 105 are connected to each other, a plurality of first microchannels 103 are connected to form a reaction channel, a plurality of second microchannels 104 are connected to form a reaction channel, a plurality of third microchannels 105 are connected to form a reaction channel, and the volumes of the plurality of reaction channels are the same.

[0021] The first connecting cavity 106 and the second connecting cavity 107 are arranged in the reactor housing 100, and are respectively located on the left and right sides of the reactor housing 100, and the plurality of connecting channels 101 are located between the first connecting cavity 106 and the second connecting cavity 107; A feed pipe 108 and a discharge pipe 109 are provided on the reactor housing 100, wherein the feed pipe 108 is connected to the first microchannel 103 on the far left, and the discharge pipe 109 is connected to the first microchannel 103 on the far right; The feeding component arranged in the first connecting cavity 106 is used to convey materials into the feeding pipe 108, allowing the materials to flow in the feeding pipe 108. The feeding component can intermittently convey materials to the feeding pipe 108. The amount of materials conveyed by the feeding component to the feeding pipe 108 is the total capacity after the feeding pipe 108 is connected to the reaction channel.

[0022] The rotating component arranged between the first connecting cavity 106 and the second connecting cavity 107 is used to rotate the multiple connecting channels 101. The rotating component can stop rotating the connecting channels 101 when the feeding component performs the material conveying work, and rotate the connecting channels 101 when the feeding component stops performing the material conveying work. The angle at which the rotating component drives the connecting channels 101 to rotate is a preset angle.

[0023] The feeding component can adjust the feeding speed to adjust the flow rate of the material, and the rotating component can adjust the rotation speed of the connecting channel 101 to adjust the reaction time of the material.

[0024] By providing the heat exchange channel 102, the liquid used for heat exchange when reacting with the material can be connected to the heat exchange channel 102 in application, and the cold liquid enters the heat exchange channel 102 from the left side of the reactor shell 100, flows through multiple heat exchange channels 102 to form hot liquid, and then flows out from the right side of the reactor shell 100. The operator can transport the liquid material to be reacted into the first connecting channel 101, and the first connecting cavity 106 temporarily stores the solution to be reacted. In the initial state, the reaction channel formed by the first microchannel 103 is connected to the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109. The feed component set during operation can transport the solution in the first connection cavity 106 to the feed pipe 108 and the first microchannel 103. As the solution flows, it can reach the tail of the reaction channel formed by the first microchannel 103. The feed component suspends the delivery of the material. At the same time, the rotating component set rotates the connection channel 101 at a preset angle, so that the reaction channel formed by the connection of multiple second microchannels 104 is connected to the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109. The feed component starts to transport materials to this reaction channel, so that multiple reaction channels can be transported and filled with reactive solutions back and forth. During the reaction, the cold liquid in the heat exchange channel 102 continues to flow through multiple connection channels 101, and heat exchanges with the materials in the reaction channel to ensure that the reaction temperature is stable. Specifically, each time the rotating component rotates the connection channel 101, one of the reaction channels will be connected to the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109. Three reaction channels are set in this application. After two rotations of the rotating component, the third reaction channel will be connected to the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109. When the material completes the set reaction time in the currently connected reaction channel, the feed component stops conveying new materials, and the rotating component rotates the connecting channel 101 again, so that the next reaction channel (for example, the reaction channel formed by the first microchannel 103) is connected to the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109. Subsequently, the feed component conveys the material to be reacted to the next reaction channel (the reaction channel formed by the first microchannel 103), and the material completed in the previous round of reaction is discharged through the discharge pipe 109. In this way, the material enters each reaction channel in turn, and is gradually replaced after the reaction is completed, ensuring that the entire reaction process is continuous and efficient. And the amount of material conveyed by the feeding component to the feed pipe 108 is the total capacity after the feed pipe 108 is connected to the reaction channel, ensuring that the material conveyed each time can completely fill the currently connected reaction channel. The purpose of this setting is that the newly entered material can push out the material that has been reacted in the previous round, and the discharge port discharges the solution that has completed the set reaction time, preventing the material that has not been fully reacted from mixing into the final product, thereby ensuring the conversion rate of biodiesel synthesis and the stability of product quality. In addition, the precise control of the rotating parts ensures that each reaction channel is connected to the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109 in sequence within the predetermined time, so that the flow of materials and the reaction process are carried out strictly according to the set time and sequence, and quality fluctuations caused by insufficient or too long reaction time are eliminated.In this way, through reasonable feed amount control, efficient material replacement mechanism and precise reaction time management, the reaction efficiency can be effectively improved, raw material waste can be reduced, and the production process of biodiesel can be optimized. In this way, the present application can flexibly adjust the material flow rate and reaction requirements according to the material characteristics without changing the overall structure size. Compared with the traditional method of adjusting the channel length, it has a more compact structure and effectively avoids material residue.

[0025] As a further solution of the present invention, spiral guide grooves 200 are provided on the inner walls of the curved parts of the first microchannel 103, the second microchannel 104 and the third microchannel 105; By setting the spiral guide groove 200, the fluid can be guided to flow along the spiral path, and the mixing effect of the material in the reaction channel can be improved, thereby promoting the uniformity of the reaction. The design of the spiral guide groove 200 can optimize the flow of the fluid in the channel, so that the liquid advances along the spiral path, rather than forming a turbulent or stagnant zone. In this way, the flow dead angle, that is, the area where the fluid is stagnant, can be reduced to avoid material deposition or accumulation in these areas. At the same time, since the liquid always flows evenly along the spiral guide groove 200, it will not be detained for too long in certain areas, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the reactor. In addition, the volumes of the first microchannel 103, the second microchannel 104, and the third microchannel 105 are the same, so that the volumes of multiple reaction channels are the same, thereby achieving the balance of each reaction channel for material processing. The reaction channels with the same volume can ensure that the processing time and reaction conditions of the materials in each channel are consistent, and avoid uneven reaction efficiency caused by volume differences. This design can ensure that in each reaction channel, under the setting control of the feeding component and the setting control of the rotating component, the flow rate, reaction time and reaction process of the materials in multiple reaction channels are consistently controlled, thereby improving the overall reaction effect and ensuring the stability of product quality.

[0026] As a further solution of the present invention, a first connecting pipe 201 is connected between each adjacent connecting channel 101, and each first connecting pipe 201 is used to connect adjacent first microchannels 103, adjacent second microchannels 104, and adjacent third microchannels 105 to form a plurality of reaction channels; By providing a first connecting pipe 201 between each adjacent connecting channel 101, the adjacent first microchannel 103, second microchannel 104 and third microchannel 105 can be effectively connected to form multiple reaction channels. This arrangement ensures that the flow path of the material between the various reaction channels is unobstructed, and the material can flow smoothly from one reaction channel to the next reaction channel.

[0027] As a further solution of the present invention, heat exchange tubes 202 are respectively connected to both ends of the reactor shell 100, the heat exchange tube 202 on the left is connected to an adjacent heat exchange channel 102, the heat exchange tube 202 on the right is connected to an adjacent heat exchange channel 102, a second connecting tube 203 is fixedly connected between every two adjacent heat exchange channels 102, the heat exchange tube 202 on the far left is rotatably connected to the heat exchange channel 102, and the heat exchange tube 202 on the far right is fixed to the heat exchange channel 102; By setting the heat exchange tube 202, the inlet of the cold liquid can be connected to the heat exchange tube 202 on the left side in application, and the heat exchange liquid can enter the heat exchange channel 102 through the heat exchange tube 202, so as to keep the reaction temperature in the reactor stable. After heat exchange, the hot liquid flows out from the heat exchange tube 202 on the far right, completing the transfer and dissipation of heat. In addition, the first connecting tube 201 set between each connecting channel 101 can connect multiple connecting channels 101. When the rotating part is about to drive the connecting channel 101 to rotate, the heat exchange tube 202 on the far right can be rotated to achieve the purpose of synchronously rotating multiple connecting channels 101 to rotate each reaction channel.

[0028] As a further solution of the present invention, two partitions 204 are connected in the reactor shell 100, the feed pipe 108 is connected to the nearest first microchannel 103 through an opening on one of the partitions 204, the discharge pipe 109 is connected to the nearest first microchannel 103 through an opening on the other partition 204, and a plurality of sealing gasket rings 205 are provided on the connecting channel 101 adjacent to the partition 204, which are in contact with the partition 204; By setting the partition 204 and the sealing gasket 205, effective material isolation and sealing functions are achieved in the reactor. Specifically, the feed pipe 108 is connected to the nearest first microchannel 103 through an opening on one of the partitions 204, ensuring smooth material flow between the feed pipe 108 and the reaction channel; and the discharge pipe 109 is connected to the nearest first microchannel 103 through an opening on another partition 204, thereby ensuring that the materials after the reaction are discharged in time and avoiding material retention. The sealing gasket 205 provided on the connecting channel 101 adjacent to the partition 204 can effectively seal the contact area between the connecting channel 101 and the partition 204, prevent material leakage, and ensure that the pressure inside the reactor remains stable. When the rotating part rotates the connecting channel 101, the first microchannel 103 can be staggered to form a reaction channel and the opening on the partition 204. At this time, the sealing gasket 205 plays a sealing role, and the materials in this reaction channel are closed to prevent leakage, thereby ensuring that the materials in the reaction process will not contaminate other parts or the external environment due to leakage. When the rotating component rotates the connecting channel 101 again, the reaction channel formed by the second microchannel 104 can be connected with the opening on the partition 204 and the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109, so as to achieve the purpose of switching each reaction channel.

[0029] As a further solution of the present invention, the rotating component includes a rotating shaft 300 rotatably connected to the partition 204, a connecting tube 301 is connected to the rotating shaft 300 and is located in the first connecting cavity 106, a guide rail groove 302 is provided on the outer wall of the connecting tube 301, a first gear 303 is connected to the heat exchange tube 202 in the second connecting cavity 107, a connecting shaft 304 is rotatably connected in the second connecting cavity 107, a second gear 305 meshing with the first gear 303 is connected to the connecting shaft 304, and the second gear 305 is an incomplete gear, one end of the rotating shaft 300 extends into the second connecting cavity 107 and a chain 309 transmission mechanism is provided between the connecting shaft 304, a guide rod 306 is provided in the first connecting cavity 106, and the guide rod 306 is inserted into the guide rail groove 302; By setting the guide rod 306, the guide rod 306 can be driven to slide linearly in the first connection cavity 106 during application, and can cooperate with the guide groove 302 to rotate the connection tube 301, thereby transmitting the rotation of the rotating shaft 300. When the rotating shaft 300 rotates, the connecting shaft 304 can be rotated through the chain 309 transmission mechanism, and the second gear 305 and the heat exchange tube 202 can be driven to rotate through the first gear 303 to achieve sequential switching of multiple reaction channels. In addition, the second gear 305 is set as an incomplete gear, and the first gear 303 can be driven to a predetermined angle when the second gear 305 follows the rotation of the rotating shaft 300 and the connection tube 301, so as to stably switch multiple reaction channels in sequence, so that the solution can be smoothly carried out in different reaction channels.

[0030] As a further solution of the present invention, the feeding component includes a push plate 400 slidably connected to the first connecting cavity 106, a guide ring 401 is slidably connected to the heat exchange tube 202 in the first connecting cavity 106, a connecting rod 402 rotatably connected to the guide ring 401 and rotatably connected to the push plate 400, and a first spring 403 is connected between the push plate 400 and the heat exchange tube 202; By setting the push plate 400, the guide ring 401, the connecting rod 402 and the spring, the feeding component can realize accurate intermittent delivery of materials. Specifically, the push plate 400 is connected to the guide ring 401 through the connecting rod 402. When the guide ring 401 is driven to slide along the heat exchange tube 202, the connecting rod 402 can be used to drive the push plate 400 to move upward, allowing the push plate 400 to slide freely in the first connection cavity 106. Whenever feeding is required, the guide ring 401 is driven to slide along the heat exchange tube 202, forcing the push plate 400 to move upward, the first spring 403 is stretched to generate potential energy, and the movement of the push plate 400 can allow the solution to be reacted above the push plate 400 to enter the reaction channel. By using the limited sliding distance of the push plate 400, the volume of the solution pushed into the reaction channel can be limited, ensuring that the amount of material delivered each time is equal to the total capacity after the feed tube 108 is connected to the reaction channel, and the material delivered each time can completely fill the currently connected reaction channel, thereby ensuring that the solution that has completed the reaction is replaced, and effectively controlling the reaction quality. After the feeding is completed, the guide rod 306 can be driven to move in a straight line. During this process, the push plate 400 allows the guide ring 401 to reset and move downward, and the connecting channel 101 rotates at a predetermined angle. When the guide ring 401 resets to the origin, the next reaction channel corresponds to the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109. At this time, the guide ring 401 is moved again to achieve the intermittent feeding and discharging process, ensuring that the solution in the reactor is replaced according to the set cycle to maintain a stable reaction environment. This design ensures that each reaction channel can be fed, reacted and discharged in a predetermined order, thereby forming an efficient and controllable continuous reaction mode.

[0031] As a further solution of the present invention, the guide rod 306 is connected to the guide ring 401; The chain 309 transmission mechanism includes a first sprocket 307 connected to the rotating shaft 300, a second sprocket 308 connected to the connecting shaft 304, a chain 309 is arranged between the first sprocket 307 and the second sprocket 308, and a ratchet mechanism 310 is arranged between the first sprocket 307 and the rotating shaft 300; By setting the guide rod 306, when the guide ring 401 is driven to slide on the heat exchange tube 202, while the push plate 400 is moved upward through the connecting rod 402 to feed the reaction channel, the guide rod 306 can be moved linearly, and then the connecting cylinder 301 can be rotated through the guide groove 302. When the connecting cylinder 301 rotates, the ratchet mechanism 310 provided can idle inside the first sprocket 307. The state at this time is: the connecting channel 101 is stationary, and the reaction channel receives the feed. After the feeding is completed, the position of the guide ring 401 is reset. In this process, the push plate 400 is reset downward by the potential energy of the first spring 403 to prepare for the next feeding, and the guide rod 306 is reset and moved, and the connecting cylinder 301 is reset and rotated through the guide groove 302. The state at this time is: the rotating shaft 300 rotates the first sprocket 307 through the ratchet mechanism 310, and the heat exchange tube 202 in the second connection cavity 107 is rotated by the chain 309, the second sprocket 308, the connecting shaft 304, the second gear 305, and the first gear 303, and the connecting channel 101 follows the rotation and switches the reaction channel. After the connecting channel 101 completes the rotation switching, the feeding component prepares the next reaction channel for feeding again, thereby forming a continuous reaction process. In the whole working cycle, the rhythm of each feeding and channel switching can be kept consistent to ensure that all reaction channels experience the same reaction time. In addition, only three microchannels are set in this application. When it is specifically applied, the parameters of the first gear 303 and the second gear 305 can be adjusted to adapt to different numbers of microchannels and reaction channels, and improve the applicability and flexibility of the system.

[0032] As a further solution of the present invention, a linear drive member 404 is connected to one side of the reactor housing 100, and a linear drive shaft of the linear drive member 404 is connected to the guide ring 401; By setting a linear drive member 404 so that its linear drive shaft is connected to the guide ring 401, when the linear drive member 404 is driven to work, the guide ring 401 can be accurately controlled to slide along the heat exchange tube 202, thereby realizing the motion control of the push plate 400 and the guide rod 306. Specifically, when the linear drive member 404 pushes the guide ring 401 to move forward, the connecting rod 402 drives the push plate 400 to slide upward, thereby controlling the operation of the feeding component and allowing the material to enter the reaction channel at a predetermined speed. On the contrary, when the linear drive member 404 reversely drives the guide ring 401 to reset, the push plate 400 slides downward under the reset action of the first spring 403, completing the preparation work of the feeding cycle, and the connecting channel 101 is rotated through the action of the guide rod 306 and the guide groove 302 to switch the reaction channel. The linear drive member 404 can be a cylinder or an oil cylinder. In this embodiment, the oil cylinder is taken as an example. The operator can adjust the speed of the oil cylinder shaft when it is extended and the speed when it is retracted according to the different characteristics of the reaction solution. According to different characteristics such as the viscosity, fluidity, chemical reaction rate, etc. of the reaction solution, the operator can adjust the extension and retraction speed of the oil cylinder to optimize the feeding and reaction process. For example, for high-viscosity solutions: appropriately reduce the extension speed of the oil cylinder shaft to make the feeding process smoother and avoid material accumulation or uneven filling of the reaction channel due to poor fluidity. At the same time, the shaft retraction time can be appropriately extended to ensure that the reaction solution can fully diffuse and react after the feeding is completed. For low-viscosity solutions: the extension speed of the oil cylinder shaft can be appropriately increased to improve the feeding efficiency and speed up the material replacement. At the same time, adjust the retraction speed to make the switching of the reaction channel more efficient to meet the process requirements of rapid reaction. For solutions that require a longer reaction time: the feed rate can be reduced, and the rotation speed of the connecting channel 101 can be controlled at the same time, so that the material stays in the reaction channel for a longer time to ensure sufficient reaction. For solutions with a faster reaction rate: the feed rate can be increased, and the rotation of the connecting channel 101 can be accelerated at the same time to reduce the material residence time and avoid excessive reaction or by-product generation. With a driving member, the feed speed and the speed of switching the reaction channel can be independently controlled to make the reaction time variable. Different reaction systems (such as fast reactions or slow reactions) can optimize the reaction process by adjusting the feed rate and the switching time of the rotating channel, thereby improving the reactor's ability to adapt to different chemical processes. This design can improve the reactor's degree of automation, improve the accuracy of feed and reaction control, and adapt the equipment to different chemical process requirements. At the same time, it can improve reaction efficiency, reduce energy consumption and by-products, and improve the quality of the final product.

[0033] It is worth noting that the extension and retraction speeds of the telescopic shaft of the oil cylinder can be set to be different from the retraction speeds, which can be achieved in the following ways: flow control valves (one-way throttle valves or proportional flow valves) are respectively set on the oil inlet and oil return circuits of the oil cylinder to adjust the flow rates of the oil inlet and oil return. For example, dual-circuit control is adopted, and independent oil supply circuits are designed at the oil inlet and oil return ends of the oil cylinder, and flow valves or proportional valves of different specifications are configured. In this way, a large flow rate is used for rapid driving when the oil cylinder is extended, and a small flow rate is used for control when it is retracted, so that the oil cylinder is extended slowly. At the same time, an adjustable throttle valve is installed at the oil return end to make the retraction speed relatively fast or slow to adapt to different working conditions. The above technology is commonly seen in this control method in excavators, hydraulic lifting equipment, and injection molding machines. The above method is a prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0034] As a further solution of the present invention, the feed pipe 108 includes a liquid inlet pipe 500 connected to the reactor shell 100 and a flow guide pipe 501 connected to the first connection cavity 106, the flow guide pipe 501 is connected to the opening on the partition 204, and is communicated with one of the reaction channels, a baffle 502 is provided at the bottom of the liquid inlet pipe 500, a limit frame 503 slidably connected to the liquid inlet pipe 500 is connected to the top of the baffle 502, a second spring 504 is connected between the limit frame 503 and the liquid inlet pipe 500, a separator pipe 505 is connected inside the flow guide pipe 501, a plurality of connection openings 506 are opened on the separator pipe 505, a retaining ring 507 is slidably connected to the separator pipe 505, and a third spring 508 is connected between the retaining ring 507 and the separator pipe 505; By setting the baffle 502 and the retaining ring 507, the baffle 502, the limiting frame 503 and the second spring 504 can form a one-way valve arranged on the liquid inlet pipe 500, and the retaining ring 507 and the third spring 508 can form a one-way valve arranged on the guide pipe 501. When used, the inlet of the solution to be reacted can be connected to the liquid inlet pipe 500. When the guide ring 401 and the push plate 400 move, the space above the push plate 400 forms a positive pressure, forcing the liquid to flow into the guide pipe 501 through the liquid inlet pipe 500. At this time, the baffle 502 is pressed open due to the positive pressure, and the liquid can smoothly enter the guide pipe 501 and be distributed to the reaction channel through the multiple connecting openings 506 in the separation pipe 505. At the same time, the positive pressure can make the baffle 502 closely contact the liquid inlet pipe 500, avoiding the liquid in the liquid inlet pipe 500 from continuously flowing into the space above the push plate 400, affecting the amount of liquid inlet. When the push plate 400 is reset downward, negative pressure appears in the space above the push plate 400. The negative pressure causes the baffle ring 507 to be reset under the action of the third spring 508, allowing the baffle 502 to move downward to open the liquid inlet pipe 500, allowing the liquid to enter the space above the push plate 400 to prepare for the next feeding. The entire feeding process is achieved through the coordinated work of multiple structures such as the baffle 502, the limit frame 503, the second spring 504, the baffle ring 507, and the third spring 508, so as to effectively control the flow of liquid in the liquid inlet pipe 500 and the guide pipe 501. The alternating action of positive and negative pressure ensures the unidirectional flow of the liquid, making the reaction process more stable.

[0035] As a further solution of the present invention, a guide plate 206 is provided in the heat exchange channel 102, a plurality of arc-shaped guide strips 207 are connected to the guide plate 206, and the guide plate 206 is connected to the second connecting pipe 203; By providing the guide plate 206 and the plurality of arc-shaped guide strips 207, the flow path of the liquid in the heat exchange channel 102 can be optimized and the heat exchange efficiency can be improved. Specifically, when the heat exchange liquid enters, the guide plate 206 can guide the liquid to flow in a set direction, so that the heat exchange liquid can hit the first microchannel 103, the second microchannel 104 and the third microchannel 105, thereby optimizing the flow path of the heat exchange liquid and improving the heat transfer effect during the heat exchange process.

[0036] A biodiesel reaction method, applicable to any of the above-mentioned biodiesel microchannel reactors, comprises the following specific steps: Step 1: The liquid material to be reacted is transported to the first connecting cavity 106 for temporary storage, and the cold liquid in the heat exchange channel 102 flows through the multiple connecting channels 101 to perform heat exchange with the material in the reaction channel; Step 2: transporting the material in the first connecting cavity 106 to the reaction channel formed by the feed pipe 108 and the first microchannel 103 through the feed component; Step 3: The feeding component stops conveying the material, and the rotating component rotates the connecting channel 101 to a preset angle, so that the reaction channel formed by connecting the plurality of second microchannels 104 is connected to the feeding pipe 108 and the discharging pipe 109; Step 4: The feeding component starts to transport materials to the reaction channel connected to the second microchannel 104; Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 to allow all reaction channels to store the reaction solution; Step 6: In each reaction channel, the material reacts according to the set reaction time. After the first reaction channel completes the reaction within the predetermined time, steps 3 and 4 are repeated to transport new materials to be reacted to the reaction channel, and the new solution to be reacted is used to push out the materials that have completed the reaction and discharge them through the discharge pipe 109.

[0037] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A biodiesel microchannel reactor, characterized in that: include: Reactor housing (100); A plurality of connecting channels (101) are provided in the reactor shell (100), wherein heat exchange channels (102) are formed in the connecting channels (101), and every two adjacent heat exchange channels (102) are connected; A first microchannel (103), a second microchannel (104) and a third microchannel (105) are arranged in the connecting channel (101); Among the adjacent connecting channels (101), the first microchannels (103) are connected to each other, the second microchannels (104) are connected to each other, and the third microchannels (105) are connected to each other; A first connecting cavity (106) and a second connecting cavity (107) are provided in the reactor shell (100), and are located on the left and right sides of the reactor shell (100), respectively; and a plurality of connecting channels (101) are located between the first connecting cavity (106) and the second connecting cavity (107); A feed pipe (108) and a discharge pipe (109) are arranged on the reactor shell (100), wherein the feed pipe (108) is connected to the first microchannel (103) on the far left, and the discharge pipe (109) is connected to the first microchannel (103) on the far right; A feeding component disposed in the first connecting cavity (106) and used for conveying material into the feeding pipe (108) to allow the material to flow in the feeding pipe (108); A rotating component provided between the first connecting cavity (106) and the second connecting cavity (107) is used to rotate the plurality of connecting channels (101).

2. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first connecting tube (201) is connected between each of the adjacent connecting channels (101), and each of the first connecting tubes (201) is used to connect adjacent first microchannels (103), connect adjacent second microchannels (104), and connect adjacent third microchannels (105) to form a plurality of reaction channels, and the volumes of the plurality of reaction channels are the same; The inner walls of the curved parts of the first microchannel (103), the second microchannel (104) and the third microchannel (105) are provided with spiral guide grooves (200).

3. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Heat exchange tubes (202) are respectively connected to both ends of the reactor shell (100); the heat exchange tube (202) on the left is connected to an adjacent heat exchange channel (102); the heat exchange tube (202) on the right is connected to an adjacent heat exchange channel (102); a second connecting tube (203) is fixedly connected between every two adjacent heat exchange channels (102); the heat exchange tube (202) on the far left is rotatably connected to the heat exchange channel (102); and the heat exchange tube (202) on the far right is fixed to the heat exchange channel (102); Two partitions (204) are connected inside the reactor shell (100); the feed pipe (108) is connected to the nearest first microchannel (103) through an opening on one of the partitions (204); the discharge pipe (109) is connected to the nearest first microchannel (103) through an opening on another of the partitions (204); and a plurality of sealing gaskets (205) are provided on the connecting channel (101) adjacent to the partition (204) and in contact with the partition (204).

4. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The angle at which the connecting channel (101) is driven by the rotating component to rotate is a preset angle; The rotating component comprises a rotating shaft (300) rotatably connected to the partition (204); a connecting tube (301) is connected to the rotating shaft (300) and is located in the first connecting cavity (106); a guide rail groove (302) is provided on the outer wall of the connecting tube (301); a first gear (303) is connected to the heat exchange tube (202) in the second connecting cavity (107); a connecting shaft (304) is rotatably connected in the second connecting cavity (107); a second gear (305) meshing with the first gear (303) is connected to the connecting shaft (304); the second gear (305) is an incomplete gear; one end of the rotating shaft (300) extends into the second connecting cavity (107) and a chain (309) transmission mechanism is provided between the rotating shaft (300) and the connecting shaft (304); a guide rod (306) is provided in the first connecting cavity (106); the guide rod (306) is plugged into the guide rail groove (302).

5. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The feed component is capable of intermittently conveying material to the feed pipe (108), and the amount of material conveyed by the feed component to the feed pipe (108) is the total capacity of the feed pipe (108) after being connected to the reaction channel; The feeding component comprises a push plate (400) slidably connected to the first connecting cavity (106); a guide ring (401) is slidably connected to the heat exchange tube (202) in the first connecting cavity (106); a connecting rod (402) rotatably connected to the guide ring (401) and rotatably connected to the push plate (400); and a first spring (403) is connected between the push plate (400) and the heat exchange tube (202).

6. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotating component is capable of stopping the rotation of the connecting channel (101) when the feeding component performs the work of conveying materials, and rotating the connecting channel (101) when the feeding component stops performing the work of conveying materials; The guide rod (306) is connected to the guide ring (401); The chain (309) transmission mechanism comprises a first sprocket (307) connected to the rotating shaft (300), a second sprocket (308) connected to the connecting shaft (304), a chain (309) being arranged between the first sprocket (307) and the second sprocket (308), and a ratchet mechanism (310) being arranged between the first sprocket (307) and the rotating shaft (300).

7. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The feeding component can adjust the feeding speed to adjust the flow rate of the material, and the rotating component can adjust the rotation speed of the connecting channel (101) to adjust the reaction time of the material; A linear drive member (404) is connected to one side of the reactor shell (100), and a linear drive shaft of the linear drive member (404) is connected to the guide ring (401).

8. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The feed pipe (108) comprises a liquid inlet pipe (500) connected to the reactor shell (100) and a flow guide pipe (501) connected to the first connection cavity (106); the flow guide pipe (501) is connected to an opening on the partition plate (204) and communicates with one of the reaction channels; a baffle plate (502) is provided at the bottom of the liquid inlet pipe (500); a limit frame (503) slidably connected to the liquid inlet pipe (500) is connected to the top of the baffle plate (502); a second spring (504) is connected between the limit frame (503) and the liquid inlet pipe (500); a separator pipe (505) is connected inside the flow guide pipe (501); a plurality of connection openings (506) are provided on the separator pipe (505); a retaining ring (507) is slidably connected to the separator pipe (505); and a third spring (508) is connected between the retaining ring (507) and the separator pipe (505).

9. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: A guide plate (206) is provided in the heat exchange channel (102), a plurality of arc-shaped guide strips (207) are connected to the guide plate (206), and the guide plate (206) is connected to the second connecting pipe (203).

10. A biodiesel reaction method, applicable to a biodiesel microchannel reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: The liquid material to be reacted is transported to the first connecting cavity (106) for temporary storage, and the cold liquid in the heat exchange channel (102) flows through the plurality of connecting channels (101) to perform heat exchange with the material in the reaction channel; Step 2: transporting the material in the first connecting cavity (106) to the reaction channel formed by the feed pipe (108) and the first microchannel (103) through the feed component; Step 3: the feeding component suspends the conveying of the material, and the rotating component rotates the connecting channel (101) to a preset angle, so that the reaction channel formed by connecting the plurality of second microchannels (104) is connected to the feeding pipe (108) and the discharging pipe (109); Step 4: the feeding component starts to transport materials to the reaction channel connected to the second microchannel (104); Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 to allow all reaction channels to store the reaction solution; Step 6: In each reaction channel, the material reacts according to the set reaction time. After the reaction in the first reaction channel is completed within the predetermined time, steps 3 and 4 are repeated to transport new materials to be reacted to the reaction channel, and the materials that have completed the reaction are pushed out with the new solution to be reacted and discharged through the discharge pipe (109).

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