Method for efficiently recovering spongy indium and spongy tin by taking waste ITO (indium tin oxide) target as raw material

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for efficiently recovering spongy indium and spongy tin by taking an ITO waste target as a raw material, and belongs to the technical field of resource reutilization, the method comprises the following steps: leaching the ITO waste target with hydrochloric acid to obtain a leaching solution and a high-indium-content solution, adding indium sheets into the leaching solution, replacing solid tin, and carrying out acid pickling treatment on the solid tin to obtain the spongy indium and the spongy tin. The high-purity spongy tin is obtained; the pH of the high-indium-content solution is adjusted to be acidic, an aluminum sheet is added, a replacement product is washed and dried, high-purity spongy indium is obtained, and efficient recovery of spongy indium and spongy tin is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of resource recycling, and in particular relates to a method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin by taking ITO waste targets as raw materials. Background Art

[0002] ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) is an N-type oxide semiconductor, which is made by mixing and sintering a certain proportion of In2O3 and SnO2. Indium and tin are the main raw materials for manufacturing ITO targets. Therefore, the resource utilization of waste ITO has important practical significance for alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of indium and protecting the environment.

[0003] Patent CN 117845058 A relates to a method for recovering indium and tin from ITO waste targets, and proposes to use an acid dissolution-hydrothermal precipitation-pH precipitation method based on a low eutectic solvent to separate and recover indium and tin from ITO waste targets. Although the reaction conditions of this method are mild and no additional solid waste is generated, the products obtained by this method are oxides SnO2 and In2O3, which are not very favorable for the subsequent purification of metallic indium and tin, and will increase the reaction steps. Patent CN 112626343 A relates to a method for recovering metallic indium and tin from ITO waste targets, and proposes to use a tin removal reactor and an indium removal reactor to recover the two metals respectively. Although this method can achieve the separate recovery of the two metals and reduce resource waste, the loss rate of indium in the tin removal process of this method is 0.47%-0.5%, which is too large for the indium loss after industrial production. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin by using ITO waste target as raw material.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin by taking ITO waste targets as raw materials. The method comprises the following steps: leaching the ITO waste targets with hydrochloric acid to obtain a leaching solution and a high-indium-containing solution; adding an indium sheet to the leaching solution to displace the sponge-like tin; and performing an acid wash treatment on the sponge-like tin to obtain high-purity sponge-like tin; adjusting the pH of the high-indium-containing solution to acidity, adding an aluminum sheet, and washing and drying the displaced product to obtain high-purity sponge-like indium.

[0007] The invention uses ITO waste target as raw material, and uses hydrochloric acid leaching method to make valuable metal indium and tin exist in ion form in the leaching solution, and replaces sponge tin with indium sheet. Indium attached to sponge tin can be further recovered by pickling, and the purity of sponge tin can be improved. The solution after pickling can be replaced again. The pH of the solution after replacement is adjusted by adding water, and aluminum sheet is added to replace sponge indium. After further water washing and drying, high-purity sponge indium is obtained, thereby realizing efficient recovery of indium and tin.

[0008] Furthermore, the method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using ITO waste target as raw material comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) using hydrochloric acid to leach the ITO waste target to obtain a leaching solution and a high indium-containing solution;

[0010] (2) placing the indium sheet into the leaching solution to displace the sponge-like tin at 25 to 75° C.;

[0011] (3) The sponge tin is pickled and dried to obtain high-purity sponge tin, the purity of which can reach 99%. The pickled solution can be returned to step (2) for replacement again;

[0012] (4) adding water to the high indium content solution to adjust the pH to 1-2, and adding aluminum sheets for displacement. After the displacement product is washed with water and dried, high-purity sponge-like indium is obtained. The purity of the sponge-like indium can reach 99.7%.

[0013] The principle of the present invention is to remove tin by substitution with indium sheets, thereby removing the impurity element tin in the ITO leaching solution, while not introducing new impurity elements. Under normal temperature conditions, indium will slowly react with cold dilute acid. By pickling the substitution product sponge tin, the indium in the sponge tin can be further recovered, which improves the recovery rate of indium while reducing the content of indium in the sponge tin, so that sponge tin with higher purity can be recovered. In a high indium-containing solution, deionized water is added to adjust the pH, and sponge indium is prepared by substitution with aluminum sheets. Since the content of impurity elements in the high indium-containing solution is almost negligible, the purity of the substituted sponge indium is higher.

[0014] In step (1), before using hydrochloric acid to leaching the ITO waste target, the method further includes crushing and grinding the ITO waste target to obtain ITO waste target powder.

[0015] In step (1), the particle size of the ITO waste target powder is ≤0.150 mm, preferably the particle size of the ITO waste target powder is ≤0.100 mm, and more preferably the particle size of the ITO waste target powder is ≤0.050 mm. When the particle size does not meet the conditions, grinding treatment can be performed; and / or

[0016] The concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 4-10 mol / L, preferably the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 8-10 mol / L, and more preferably the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 8 mol / L.

[0017] The material-liquid ratio of the ITO waste target powder to hydrochloric acid is 1 g:(1-6) mL, preferably 1 g:4 mL.

[0018] In step (1), the leaching temperature is 40-100°C, and the leaching time is 3-6h; preferably, the leaching temperature is 60-100°C, and the leaching time is 3-5h; more preferably, the leaching temperature is 60°C, and the leaching time is 3h.

[0019] In step (2), the replacement time is 2 to 5 hours.

[0020] In step (3), the acid used for pickling is hydrochloric acid, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.2-1.2 mol / L, preferably the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 1 mol / L, the pickling time is 10-70 min, preferably the pickling time is 30 min, and the drying temperature is 40-60°C, preferably the drying temperature is 50°C.

[0021] In step (4), the replacement temperature is 25-75°C, and the replacement time is 2-5 hours. Preferably, the replacement temperature is 60°C, and the replacement time is 3 hours.

[0022] In step (4), the drying temperature is 40-60°C, preferably 50°C.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0024] (1) In view of the current problem of recovering indium and tin from ITO waste targets, the present invention uses ITO waste targets as raw materials, and after leaching and replacement, pickling and replacement are performed to achieve efficient recovery of sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin;

[0025] (2) The present invention uses acid washing to effectively improve the purity of tin in the sponge tin, and at the same time, it can also recover the indium remaining in the sponge tin;

[0026] (3) The pickled liquid used in the present invention can be returned to the step of replacing tin with the indium sheet for secondary replacement, thereby avoiding the trouble of handling the pickled liquid and improving the recovery rate of the two metals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using ITO waste targets as raw materials according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a SEM image of the sponge tin obtained in Example 1;

[0030] Figure 3 This is the SEM image of the sponge-like indium obtained in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0033] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0034] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0035] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the room temperature in the present invention is 25±2°C.

[0037] All raw materials and reagents used in the embodiments of the present invention are purchased from commercial sources. For example, indium sheets were purchased from Qinghe County Tengfeng Metal Materials Co., Ltd. (purity ≥ 9999.5%); aluminum sheets were purchased from Hefei Shushan District Zhengyinghao Metal Materials Co., Ltd. (purity ≥ 99.99%).

[0038] The flow chart of the method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin from ITO waste target as raw material is as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0039] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using ITO waste target as raw material, comprising the following steps:

[0040] (1) using hydrochloric acid to leach the ITO waste target to obtain a leaching solution and a high indium-containing solution;

[0041] (2) placing the indium sheet in a leaching solution to displace the sponge-like tin at 25-75°C;

[0042] (3) The sponge tin is pickled and dried to obtain high-purity sponge tin, the purity of which can reach 99%. The pickled solution can be returned to step (2) for replacement;

[0043] (4) Add water to the high indium content solution, adjust the pH to 1-2, and add aluminum sheets for displacement. After the displacement product is washed with water and dried, high-purity sponge-like indium is obtained. The purity of the sponge-like indium can reach 99.7%.

[0044] In an embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), before using hydrochloric acid to leach the ITO waste target, the step of crushing and grinding the ITO waste target is also included to obtain ITO waste target powder. The present invention first crushes and grinds the ITO waste target to facilitate hydrochloric acid leaching, so that the valuable metal indium and tin exist in the leaching solution in the form of ions, thereby ensuring the purity and recovery rate of the recovered sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the ITO waste target powder is ≤0.150 mm, preferably the particle size of the ITO waste target powder is ≤0.100 mm, and more preferably the particle size of the ITO waste target powder is ≤0.050 mm. When the particle size does not meet the conditions, it can be ground. A smaller particle size helps the hydrochloric acid to penetrate into the ITO waste target powder more evenly, so that the leaching reaction is more uniform. A smaller particle size means a larger specific surface area, so that the contact area between the hydrochloric acid and the ITO waste target powder is increased, thereby accelerating the leaching reaction. Due to the increase in the leaching rate, the ITO waste target powder with a smaller particle size can usually obtain a higher leaching rate; and / or

[0046] The concentration of hydrochloric acid is 4-10 mol / L, preferably 8-10 mol / L, and more preferably 8 mol / L. When the concentration of hydrochloric acid is low, less hydrogen ions are provided, the leaching speed is slow, and the reaction power is insufficient, resulting in a slow dissolution speed of indium and tin in the ITO waste target powder; a high concentration may generate by-products (such as chlorides). Hydrochloric acid of appropriate concentration can provide sufficient hydrogen ions, enhance the dissolution ability of the ITO waste target powder, and enable the indium and tin to be quickly and completely dissolved.

[0047] In an embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the ITO waste target powder to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1 g: (1-6) mL, preferably 1 g: 4 mL.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), the temperature of the leaching treatment is 40-100°C, and the time of the leaching treatment is 3-6 hours; preferably, the temperature of the leaching treatment is 60-100°C, and the time of the leaching treatment is 3-5 hours; more preferably, the temperature of the leaching treatment is 60°C, and the time of the leaching treatment is 3 hours.

[0049] In an embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the replacement time is 2 to 5 hours. If the replacement temperature is too low, the reaction rate is slow, the replacement efficiency is low, and the replacement of tin may be incomplete; if the replacement temperature is too high, side reactions may occur, such as the generation of hydrogen, which not only reduces the utilization rate of zinc, but also increases energy consumption. The suitable replacement temperature and time of the present invention can accelerate the reaction rate, improve the replacement efficiency, fully replace the reaction, and save energy.

[0050] In an embodiment of the present invention, in step (3), the acid used for pickling is hydrochloric acid, the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.2-1.2 mol / L, preferably the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1 mol / L, the pickling time is 10-70 min, preferably the pickling time is 30 min, and the drying temperature is 40-60°C, preferably the drying temperature is 50°C.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present invention, in step (4), the replacement temperature is 25-75° C., and the replacement time is 2-5 h. Preferably, the replacement temperature is 60° C., and the replacement time is 3 h.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present invention, in step (4), the drying temperature is 40-60°C, preferably 50°C.

[0053] In the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention, in terms of mass percentage, the Sn content in the ITO waste target is 6.16-8.66%, the O content is 9.70-14.20%, and the remainder is In and unavoidable impurities.

[0054] In the following embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention, the method for calculating the substitution rate of elements is shown in formula (1):

[0055]

[0056] In formula (1), R is the replacement rate, %; C0 is the initial content of the element, g / L; V0 is the initial volume of the solution, L; C t is the content of the element when the reaction time is t, g / L; V t is the volume of the solution after replacement, L.

[0057] The recovery rate of tin can be calculated by formula (1). In the replacement and impurity removal stage, In is lost in the form of solid. In the replacement of sponge indium stage, In is lost in the form of liquid. Therefore, the recovery rate of indium is calculated as shown in formula (2):

[0058] η0=η1×η2 (2)

[0059] In formula (2): η0 is the total recovery rate of In, %; η1 is the recovery rate of In in the replacement and impurity removal, %; η2 is the replacement rate of In in the preparation of sponge indium, %.

[0060] Sponge indium and tin are both semi-finished products. There are no current industry standards for measuring them on the market, so the purity of the two is obtained by difference detection. Since the content of impurity elements in sponge indium and tin is low, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is used to measure the content of impurity elements in sponge indium and tin, and then the purity of sponge indium and tin can be obtained by subtracting the impurity element content from 1. ICP-MS is an analytical instrument that combines inductively coupled plasma technology and mass spectrometry, and is mainly used for elemental analysis and quantitative measurement. By converting the sample into ions and performing mass-to-charge ratio separation, the quantitative analysis of the elements is finally achieved, and its detection limit can reach 1ppt or below.

[0061] It should be pointed out that the matters not described in detail in the present invention are all conventional operating means in the field and are not the focus of the present invention. For example, specific methods such as crushing and grinding are all completed by conventional methods.

[0062] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] This embodiment provides a method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using ITO waste targets as raw materials, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0065] (1) crushing and grinding the ITO waste target to make the particle size of the ITO waste target ≤0.050 mm to obtain ITO waste target powder, mixing 8 mol / L hydrochloric acid with 50 g of the ITO waste target powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:4 mL, reacting at 90° C. for 5 h to obtain a leaching solution;

[0066] (2) heating the leaching solution in step (1) to 60° C., adding indium sheet, reacting for 3 h, and replacing the sponge-like tin;

[0067] (3) The sponge tin replaced in step (2) is pickled with hydrochloric acid at a concentration of 1 mol / L for 30 min, and dried at 50° C. to obtain a sponge tin with high purity;

[0068] (4) returning the pickling solution produced after pickling in step (3) to step (2) for replacement;

[0069] (5) adding water to the high indium-containing solution after replacement in step (2) to adjust the pH to 2, heating to 60° C., adding an aluminum sheet, reacting for 3 h, and replacing sponge-like indium;

[0070] (6) The substituted sponge-like indium is washed with water and dried at 50°C to obtain sponge-like indium with high purity.

[0071] The recovery rates of indium and tin were detected. The recovery rate of indium reached 99.79%, the purity of sponge indium was 99.7%, and the recovery rate of tin reached 99.88%, the purity of sponge tin was 99%. The SEM images of sponge tin and sponge indium obtained in this embodiment are shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the typical characteristics of sponge metal are looseness and porosity. It can be intuitively seen from the SEM image that the product obtained by the present invention is indeed a sponge metal.

[0072] Comparative Example 1: No pickling treatment of spongy tin

[0073] This comparative example provides a method for recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using ITO waste target as raw material, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0074] (1) crushing and grinding the ITO waste target to make the particle size of the ITO waste target ≤0.050 mm to obtain ITO waste target powder, mixing 8 mol / L hydrochloric acid with 50 g of the ITO waste target powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:4 mL, reacting at 90° C. for 5 h to obtain a leaching solution;

[0075] (2) heating the leaching solution in step (1) to 60° C., adding indium sheet, reacting for 3 h, and replacing the sponge-like tin;

[0076] (3) adding water to the high indium-containing solution after replacement in step (2) to adjust the pH to 2, heating to 60° C., adding an aluminum sheet, reacting for 3 hours, and replacing sponge-like indium;

[0077] (4) The replaced sponge-like indium is washed with water and dried to obtain sponge-like indium with higher purity.

[0078] The recovery rates of indium and tin were detected, and the recovery rate of indium was 98.2%, and the purity of sponge indium was 99.7%. The recovery rate of tin was 93.45%, and the purity of sponge tin was 93%.

[0079] In Comparative Example 1, the replaced sponge tin was not treated in any way, and indium was lost in the sponge tin in the form of solid, thereby reducing the overall recovery rate of indium.

[0080] Comparative Example 2 Adjusting the pH of the ITO waste target leaching solution

[0081] This comparative example provides a method for recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using ITO waste target as raw material, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0082] (1) crushing and grinding the ITO waste target to make the particle size of the ITO waste target ≤0.050 mm to obtain ITO waste target powder, mixing 8 mol / L hydrochloric acid with 50 g of the ITO waste target powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:4 mL, reacting at 90° C. for 5 h to obtain a leaching solution;

[0083] (2) adjusting the pH of the leachate in step (1) to 1 using aqueous ammonia;

[0084] (3) heating the leaching solution in step (2) to 60° C., adding indium sheet, reacting for 3 h, and replacing the sponge-like tin;

[0085] (4) adding water to the high indium-containing solution after replacement in step (3) to adjust the pH to 2, heating the leaching solution to 60° C., adding an aluminum sheet, and reacting for 3 hours to replace the sponge-like indium;

[0086] (5) The replaced sponge-like indium is washed with water and dried to obtain sponge-like indium with higher purity.

[0087] The recovery rates of indium and tin were detected, and the recovery rate of indium was 99.2%, and the purity of sponge indium was 99.5%. The recovery rate of tin was 11.10%, and the purity of sponge tin was 99.3%.

[0088] In Comparative Example 2, the pH of the leaching solution was adjusted using ammonia water. A certain acid concentration in the solution can promote the positive reaction of displacement tin removal. After the pH is adjusted, the reaction rate will slow down, which is not conducive to the occurrence of tin removal reaction.

[0089] Example 2

[0090] This embodiment provides a method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using ITO waste targets as raw materials, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0091] (1) crushing and grinding the ITO waste target to make the particle size of the ITO waste target ≤0.050 mm to obtain ITO waste target powder, mixing 10 mol / L hydrochloric acid with 50 g of the ITO waste target powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:1 mL, reacting at 100° C. for 3 h to obtain a leaching solution;

[0092] (2) heating the leaching solution in step (1) to 75° C., adding indium sheet, reacting for 2 h, and replacing the sponge-like tin;

[0093] (3) The sponge tin replaced in step (2) is pickled with hydrochloric acid at a concentration of 0.2 mol / L for 30 min, and dried at 60° C. to obtain a sponge tin with high purity;

[0094] (4) returning the pickling solution produced after pickling in step (3) to step (2) for replacement;

[0095] (5) adding water to the high indium-containing solution after replacement in step (2) to adjust the pH to 2, heating to 75° C., adding an aluminum sheet, reacting for 2 h, and replacing sponge-like indium;

[0096] (6) The replaced sponge-like indium is washed with water and dried at 40°C to obtain sponge-like indium with high purity.

[0097] The recovery rates of indium and tin were tested. The recovery rate of indium reached 99.25%, and the purity of sponge indium was 99.7%. The recovery rate of tin reached 98.65%, and the purity of sponge tin was 98%.

[0098] Example 3

[0099] This embodiment provides a method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using ITO waste targets as raw materials, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0100] (1) crushing and grinding the ITO waste target to make the particle size of the ITO waste target ≤0.150 mm to obtain ITO waste target powder, mixing 4 mol / L hydrochloric acid with 50 g of the ITO waste target powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:6 mL, reacting at 40° C. for 6 h to obtain a leaching solution;

[0101] (2) heating the leaching solution in step (1) to 25° C., adding indium sheet, reacting for 5 h, and replacing the sponge-like tin;

[0102] (3) the sponge tin replaced in step (2) is pickled with a hydrochloric acid concentration of 1.2 mol / L for 10 min, and dried at 40° C. to obtain a sponge tin with high purity;

[0103] (4) returning the pickling solution produced after pickling in step (3) to step (2) for replacement;

[0104] (5) adding water to the high indium-containing solution after replacement in step (2) to adjust the pH to 1, heating to 25° C., adding an aluminum sheet, reacting for 5 hours, and replacing the sponge-like indium;

[0105] (6) The substituted sponge-like indium is washed with water and dried at 60°C to obtain sponge-like indium with high purity.

[0106] The recovery rates of indium and tin were tested. The recovery rate of indium reached 99.55%, and the purity of sponge indium was 99.7%. The recovery rate of tin reached 99.1%, and the purity of sponge tin was 99%.

[0107] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using ITO waste targets as raw materials, characterized in that: The ITO waste target is leached with hydrochloric acid to obtain a leaching solution and a high-indium-containing solution, an indium sheet is added to the leaching solution to displace the sponge-like tin, and the sponge-like tin is pickled to obtain high-purity sponge-like tin; the pH of the high-indium-containing solution is adjusted to acidic, an aluminum sheet is added, and the displaced product is washed with water and dried to obtain high-purity sponge-like indium.

2. The method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using ITO waste targets as raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) using hydrochloric acid to leach the ITO waste target to obtain a leaching solution and a high indium-containing solution; (2) placing the indium sheet into the leaching solution to displace the sponge-like tin at 25 to 75° C.; (3) The sponge tin is pickled and dried to obtain high-purity sponge tin; (4) adding water to the high indium content solution to adjust the pH to 1-2, and adding aluminum sheets for displacement. After washing and drying the displacement product, high-purity sponge-like indium is obtained.

3. The method for efficiently recovering spongy indium and spongy tin using ITO waste targets as raw materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (1), before using hydrochloric acid to leaching the ITO waste target, the method further includes crushing and grinding the ITO waste target to obtain ITO waste target powder.

4. The method for efficiently recovering spongy indium and spongy tin using ITO waste targets as raw materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (1), the particle size of the ITO waste target powder is ≤0.150 mm; and / or The concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 4-10 mol / L.

5. The method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using ITO waste targets as raw materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material-liquid ratio of the ITO waste target powder to hydrochloric acid is 1 g: (1-6) mL.

6. The method for efficiently recovering spongy indium and spongy tin using ITO waste targets as raw materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (1), the temperature of the leaching treatment is 40 to 100° C., and the time of the leaching treatment is 3 to 6 hours.

7. The method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using waste ITO targets as raw materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (2), the replacement time is 2 to 5 hours.

8. The method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using ITO waste targets as raw materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (3), the acid used for pickling is hydrochloric acid, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.2-1.2 mol / L, the pickling time is 10-70 min, and the drying temperature is 40-60°C.

9. The method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using waste ITO targets as raw materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (4), the replacement temperature is 25 to 75° C., and the replacement time is 2 to 5 hours.

10. The method for efficiently recovering sponge-like indium and sponge-like tin using ITO waste targets as raw materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (4), the drying temperature is 40 to 60°C.

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