Dam protection system and method based on electro-osmosis pulse multi-electrode layout

Abstract

The invention discloses a dam protection system and method based on electro-osmosis pulse multi-electrode arrangement. The system comprises a system control center, a plurality of pulse generators and a plurality of sets of positive and negative electrodes. The multi-electrode arrangement means that multiple groups of positive and negative electrodes are arranged in a gradient manner; the method comprises the following steps: partitioning an upstream slope surface of a dam according to a grid shape, and dividing the upstream slope surface into M rows and N columns of grid regions; m > = 3 and N > = 3; at least one group of positive and negative electrodes is arranged in each grid region; the positive electrode and the negative electrode are vertically inserted into an upstream slope of the dam; the positive and negative electrodes are connected with the pulse generator; and the pulse generator is controlled by the control center. The method is beneficial for implementing prevention and control on the dam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a dam protection system and method based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout. Background Art

[0002] Since dams are long, often tens or even hundreds of kilometers long, their protection is a big issue. When a flood is about to happen or is happening, the dams are usually inspected manually, which cannot obtain a large amount of specific quantitative data (such as water content) on the dam structure, and the measures taken to actively stabilize the dam are also extremely limited.

[0003] The Chinese patent with publication number 217384618U discloses a flood embankment monitoring and anti-seepage system based on electroosmotic pulses, in which positive and negative electrodes are inserted into the embankment to maintain the water content of the flood embankment within a certain range, so as not to be too high or too low, and has a certain effect on solving the problem of high-water level floods infiltrating the rammed earth dam body and causing dam breaches or pipe bursts. However, due to the large distance between the positive and negative electrodes, and the voltage used should not be too high (generally not exceeding 36V safe voltage), this solution is not very effective in resisting water molecule leakage.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a new dam protection system and method. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dam protection system and method based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout, which can realize the detection of dam slope status and implement active prevention and control.

[0006] The technical solution of the invention is as follows:

[0007] A dam protection system based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout includes a control center, multiple pulse generators and multiple groups of positive and negative electrodes; (multiple electrode layout refers to multiple groups of positive and negative electrodes being laid out in gradients;) the water-facing slope of the dam is divided into M rows and N columns of grid areas; M≥3, N≥3; at least one group of positive and negative electrodes is set in each grid area; the positive and negative electrodes are vertically inserted in the water-facing slope of the dam; the positive and negative electrodes are connected to the pulse generator; the pulse generator is controlled by the control center. The dam protection system also includes a data acquisition terminal (MCU data processing unit) for collecting current data flowing through each positive and negative electrode to feed back to the control center.

[0008] When the pulse voltage adopts a voltage level of 36V or below, the distance between the positive and negative poles in each group of positive and negative poles is within 2 meters.

[0009] The length of the overlapping portion of the positive and negative electrodes of adjacent columns is L; L is 30-100 cm, preferably 50 cm.

[0010] The bottom ends of the positive and negative electrodes in each set of positive and negative electrodes are aligned.

[0011] Different rows of grid areas use different pulse voltage levels. The pulse voltage level of the grid area with a large depth (i.e. the number of rows or rows, counted from top to bottom) is higher than that of the grid area with a small depth. The higher the water pressure, the higher the voltage. The maximum is no more than 36V. The minimum is 12V. The middle can be 24V, or other voltages, such as 16V, etc.

[0012] The area of ​​the grid area shall not exceed 50 square meters.

[0013] The pulse output of each grid area is controlled in sequence; for example, only the grid area in the first column outputs pulses during t1, only the grid area in the second column outputs pulses during t2, and only the grid area in the third column outputs pulses during t3. The water in the dam body is controlled to move in an orderly manner under the action of electroosmotic force. This ensures the stability of the water content of the dam body medium and the safety of the dam body.

[0014] Each pulse generating unit is connected to multiple positive electrodes and multiple negative electrodes; in the pulse generating unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit, and the MCU controls the pulse generator to generate a pulse signal of a preset frequency, duty cycle and voltage value through a pulse driving circuit, and a first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each positive electrode; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each negative electrode; the voltage sampling signals generated on the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor enter the MCU after passing through their respective corresponding amplification circuits and A / D conversion circuits, thereby completing data collection;

[0015] A dam protection method based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout adopts the above-mentioned dam protection system to implement active protection of the dam.

[0016] Different working units in different rows use different voltages. The pulse frequency is generally 4Hz, and the frequency range is:

[0017] 2-10Hz.

[0018] The system is usually activated in advance before a flood arrives.

[0019] The dam protection system also includes a bus, a plurality of pulse generating units are mounted on the bus, the pulse generating units include a pulse generator and electrodes for generating a pulse sequence, the electrodes include a positive electrode and a negative electrode; the electrodes are arranged on the dam slope;

[0020] The pulse sequence of each cycle consists of three parts: a positive pulse segment (positive voltage pulse), a negative pulse segment (negative voltage pulse) and a pause segment (zero voltage pulse); wherein: the positive pulse causes the cations and the water molecules bound to them to move from the anode side to the cathode side, which is opposite to the direction induced by the hydraulic gradient, preventing water from penetrating into the dam; the negative voltage pulse allows a certain amount of water to be controlled in the dam as an electroosmotic medium to avoid excessive drying of the dam body; the pause segment provides sufficient response time for the positive and negative pulses to enable the system to reach a new equilibrium state.

[0021] The pulse generating unit applies electroosmotic pulses to electrodes arranged in the dam slope, so that the water content in the dam slope is stabilized within a preset range, thereby achieving the stability of the dam slope.

[0022] It also includes an IoT platform and a monitoring center. The monitoring center is connected to the IoT platform and mounted on the bus. The monitoring center and the IoT platform are connected through the MQTT mechanism. MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) refers to message queue telemetry transmission.

[0023] The bus is a CAN bus.

[0024] Each pulse generating unit is connected to a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes.

[0025] In the pulse generating unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator to generate a pulse signal with a preset frequency, duty cycle and voltage value through a pulse driving circuit. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to each positive electrode of the pulse generator; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to each negative electrode of the pulse generator;

[0026] The voltage sampling signals generated on the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor respectively pass through the corresponding amplification circuit and A / D conversion circuit and then enter the MCU to complete data collection.

[0027] MCU data conversion mainly converts analog signals into binary format, and then digitally filters, classifies, stores, and encodes them into CAN communication protocol format and sends them to the bus via the CAN controller.

[0028] An alarm is installed at the monitoring center or the pulse generating unit.

[0029] The negative electrode is a negative electrode rod, and the positive electrode adopts a zinc tube positive electrode; the negative electrode net or negative electrode rod is arranged along the slope surface where the dam contacts the water body; the zinc tube positive electrode is inserted into the structure of the dam (that is, the natural soil or concrete of the dam itself), and the pulse generator is arranged on the dam.

[0030] The current data collected by the pulse generating unit at the dam site is used to determine the water content of the dam slope, thereby realizing the status monitoring of the dam slope.

[0031] When the current is higher than the preset value, the duty cycle of the electroosmotic pulse is increased to reduce the water content of the dam slope and achieve active stability of the dam slope. When the water content exceeds 20%, the positive pulse width increases by 5 milliseconds every 6 hours and the negative pulse decreases by 2 milliseconds until the water content drops by 20%. The positive pulse width decreases by 5 milliseconds every 6 hours and the negative pulse increases by 2 milliseconds to maintain the stability of the water content of the slope. The setting range of electroosmotic pulse parameters: positive pulse width 100-200ms, negative pulse width 5-150ms, frequency 3 to 5Hz.

[0032] If the current is higher than the preset alarm value, the monitoring center or pulse generating unit will start the alarm, such as sound and light alarm, telephone alarm, etc.

[0033] The principle of electroosmotic pulse to stabilize the dam:

[0034] The pulse sequence consists of three parts: a positive pulse segment (positive voltage pulse), a negative pulse segment (negative voltage pulse) and a pause segment (zero voltage pulse). The positive pulse causes the cations and their bound water molecules to move from the anode side to the cathode side, which is exactly opposite to the direction induced by the hydraulic gradient, preventing water from penetrating into the dam. As the hydrated cations form a double electric layer along the capillary wall, polarization leads to a reduction in flow; the negative voltage pulse allows a certain amount of water to be controlled in the concrete structure to avoid excessive drying of the dam body. Under the action of the electroosmotic pulse, a polarization effect is produced on the water molecules: hydrogen gathers into a polarized cathode, and hydroxyl groups gather into a polarized anode. The high-speed moving cations and anions floating in the capillary fluid between the double electric layers will reverse, and the anode will become the cathode and the cathode will become the anode.

[0035] The positive voltage pulse has the longest pulse time and the signal amplitude is usually between 12 V and 36 V DC. The use of a bipolar pulse waveform prevents the concrete from over-drying and losing its structural integrity.

[0036] One of the most critical aspects of this technology is the negative voltage pulse. This allows the moisture content inside the concrete to be controlled, thus preventing the electroosmotic medium (such as the concrete matrix) from drying out too much and subsequently degrading. The anode is inserted inside the structure, while the cathode is placed directly outside the structure in the soil. The positive and negative pulses lead to the occurrence of some chemical reactions in the electrolysis process. At the same time, the rest phase (no voltage applied) allows the system to reach equilibrium.

[0037] The concept of the present invention is as follows: Since the span of the earth dam slope is large and the distance of electroosmosis is limited, it is necessary to set up multiple electrodes, and by switching the circuit, control the water leakage in one direction to ensure the stability of the water content of the dam. Multiple groups of corresponding positive and negative electrodes are buried along the slope of the dam body facing the water, and the bottom ends of the positive and negative electrodes are aligned. The distance between the positive and negative electrodes is preferably within 2 meters. Starting from the top of the dam, the top of the next group of positive electrodes should differ from the bottom of the next group of negative electrodes by about 50 centimeters, and so on to the bottom of the dam. Along the lateral extension or natural direction of the dam body, the positive and negative electrode control areas are divided into independent working groups, and the control area does not exceed 50 square meters. Based on the different flood heights, different voltages can be used from the top of the dam to the bottom of the dam to resist different water pressures. When the flood recedes, the voltage can be gradually adjusted according to different water levels. The system is uniformly started and operated 3 months before the flood.

[0038] Beneficial effects:

[0039] The dam protection system and method based on the electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout of the present invention can monitor the water content and its changing trend in the flood control dam in real time through electric current through the basic principle of electroosmotic pulse. It can not only implement early warning, but also, by adjusting the pulse parameters, implement active prevention and control for the dam slope. It has low cost and convenient layout, and has significant economic benefits (cost advantages) and social benefits.

[0040] In addition, on this basis, the use of multiple electrodes can form a continuous electric field in the water-facing slope of the dam, thereby forming a continuous leakage blocking layer, effectively preventing water molecules from leaking into the dam body, thereby achieving the goal of stabilizing the dam body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram (vertical cross-sectional view) of the dam protection system layout based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of electrodes on the water-facing surface in the dam protection system based on the electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode arrangement of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 It is the control circuit block diagram;

[0044] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the positive electrode rod (front cross-sectional view);

[0045] Figure 5 This is the overall block diagram of the electroosmotic pulse system;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of data acquisition in the electroosmotic pulse system;

[0047] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a pulse generating unit;

[0048] Figure 8 It is a pulse waveform diagram.

[0049] Explanation of numbers: 6-copper core wire, 7-conductive PE layer, 8-conductive mortar, 9-zinc pipe, 10-cone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0051] Embodiment 1: A dam protection system based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout, comprising a control center, multiple pulse generators and multiple groups of positive and negative electrodes; (Multiple electrode layout refers to multiple groups of positive and negative electrodes being arranged in gradients;)

[0052] In such Figure 1-2 In the slope body, the water-facing slope of the dam is divided into grids, and the water-facing slope is divided into 9 grid areas in 3 rows and 3 columns; 3 groups of positive and negative electrodes are arranged in each grid area; the positive and negative electrodes are vertically inserted in the water-facing slope of the dam; the positive and negative electrodes are connected to the pulse generator; and the pulse generator is controlled by the control center.

[0053] When the pulse voltage is 36V or below, the distance between the positive and negative electrodes in each group of positive and negative electrodes is within 2 meters. When the voltage level is within 36V, the distance between the positive and negative electrodes is within 2 meters. As the voltage increases, the distance between the positive and negative electrodes may be larger.

[0054] The length of the overlapping portion of the positive and negative electrodes of adjacent columns is L; L is 50 cm.

[0055] The bottom ends of the positive and negative electrodes in each set of positive and negative electrodes are aligned.

[0056] Different rows of grid areas use different pulse voltage levels. The pulse voltage level of the grid area with a large depth (i.e. the number of rows or rows, counted from top to bottom) is higher than that of the grid area with a small depth. The higher the water pressure, the higher the voltage. The voltages of the 1st to 3rd rows are 12V, 24V and 36V respectively. The different voltage levels are determined by Figure 3 The first driving circuit, the second driving circuit and the third driving circuit are provided respectively.

[0057] The area of ​​the grid area shall not exceed 50 square meters.

[0058] The pulse output of each grid area is controlled in sequence; for example, only the grid area in the first column outputs pulses during t1, only the grid area in the second column outputs pulses during t2, and only the grid area in the third column outputs pulses during t3. T1 (or t2, t3) can be a value between 1-100s; the time is cycled in sequence; the water in the dam body is controlled to move in an orderly manner under the action of electroosmotic force. This ensures the stability of the water content of the dam body medium and the safety of the dam body.

[0059] Each pulse generating unit is connected to multiple positive electrodes and multiple negative electrodes; in the pulse generating unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit, and the MCU controls the pulse generator to generate a pulse signal of a preset frequency, duty cycle and voltage value through a pulse driving circuit, and a first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each positive electrode; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each negative electrode; the voltage sampling signals generated on the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor enter the MCU after passing through their respective corresponding amplification circuits and A / D conversion circuits, thereby completing data collection;

[0060] A dam protection method based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout adopts the above-mentioned dam protection system to implement active protection of the dam.

[0061] In this system, the pulse frequency is 4Hz.

[0062] The system is usually activated in advance before a flood arrives.

[0063] Furthermore, Figure 5-6 , the monitoring center is communicatively connected with a plurality of pulse generating units;

[0064] Each pulse generating unit includes a pulse generator and a positive electrode and a negative electrode connected to the pulse generator, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged on the flood control dam, and the pulse generating unit collects current data from the positive electrode and the negative electrode as a pulse generating unit; the pulse generator is used to generate an electroosmotic pulse;

[0065] The monitoring center is used to collect the current data sampled by each pulse generating unit and process the data, so as to realize the monitoring of the state of the dam slope and implement active stability control of the dam slope based on the electroosmotic pulse.

[0066] It also includes an Internet of Things platform, and the monitoring center is connected to the Internet of Things platform in communication. The monitoring center and the Internet of Things platform are connected in communication through the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) mechanism.

[0067] The monitoring center is connected with multiple pulse generating units via CAN bus communication.

[0068] In the pulse generating unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator to generate a pulse signal with a preset frequency, duty cycle and voltage value through a pulse driving circuit. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to the positive electrode of the pulse generator; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to the negative electrode of the pulse generator;

[0069] The voltage sampling signals generated on the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor respectively pass through the corresponding amplification circuit and A / D conversion circuit and then enter the MCU to complete data collection.

[0070] MCU data conversion mainly converts analog signals into binary format, and then digitally filters, classifies, stores, and encodes them into CAN communication protocol format and sends them to the bus via the CAN controller.

[0071] An alarm is installed at the monitoring center or the pulse generating unit.

[0072] The negative electrode is a negative electrode rod, and the positive electrode is a zinc tube positive electrode.

[0073] Specifically, the monitoring center uses a system screen, which is a touch screen with an embedded operating system. It is used to view the data status of various sites and the safety indicators of the dam. If necessary, relevant parameters can be set.

[0074] When the system is working, the water content of the dam slope is determined by the current data collected by the pulse generating unit, so as to realize the status monitoring of the dam slope.

[0075] When the current is higher than the preset value, the duty cycle of the electroosmotic pulse is increased to reduce the water content of the dam slope and achieve active stabilization of the dam slope.

[0076] The specific control method is: when the moisture content exceeds 20%, the positive pulse width increases by 5 milliseconds every 6 hours, and the negative pulse decreases by 2 milliseconds, until the moisture content drops by 20%, the positive pulse width decreases by 5 milliseconds every 6 hours, and the negative pulse increases by 2 milliseconds to keep the moisture content of the slope stable.

[0077] The setting range of electroosmotic pulse parameters is as follows: positive pulse width 100-200ms, negative pulse width 5-150ms, and frequency 3 to 5Hz.

[0078] If the current is higher than the preset alarm value, the monitoring center or pulse generating unit will start the alarm, such as sound and light alarm, telephone alarm, etc.

[0079] The structure of the rod-shaped electrode as the positive electrode is as follows Figure 4As shown, the outer layer of the rod electrode adopts a zinc tube with a certain structural strength. The zinc tube is not only highly corrosion-resistant, but also has excellent conductivity. It can continuously provide cations under the action of electroosmosis to form hydrated cations. The front end of the rod electrode adopts a conical structure, which is convenient for easily passing through the soil and rock layer under the action of applied pressure, and is convenient for burying inside the dam. The inner core copper wire is used for current transmission, and the outer conductive PE is used as the conduction of the positive current. The gap between the conductive PE and the zinc tube is filled with conductive mortar. This structure can effectively ensure the strength of the far-end electroosmotic field without attenuation. The conductive mortar is filled to ensure good contact between the conductive PE and the zinc tube. A heat shrink sleeve can also be set at the upper end of the rod electrode to prevent the overflow of the conductive mortar.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dam protection system based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout, characterized in that: It includes a control center, multiple pulse generators and multiple groups of positive and negative electrodes; (multiple electrode layout means that multiple groups of positive and negative electrodes are laid out in gradients;) the water-facing slope of the dam is divided into M rows and N columns of grid areas in a grid shape; M≥3, N≥3; at least one set of positive and negative electrodes is set in each grid area; the positive and negative electrodes are vertically inserted in the water-facing slope of the dam; the positive and negative electrodes are connected to the pulse generator; the pulse generator is controlled by the control center; the dam protection system also includes a data acquisition terminal (MCU data processing unit) for collecting current data flowing through each positive and negative electrode to feed back to the control center.

2. The dam protection system based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the pulse voltage adopts a voltage level of 36V or below, the distance between the positive and negative poles in each group of positive and negative poles is within 2 meters.

3. The dam protection system based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The length of the overlapping portion of the positive and negative electrodes of adjacent columns is L; L is 30-100 cm.

4. The dam protection system based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom ends of the positive and negative electrodes in each set of positive and negative electrodes are aligned.

5. The dam protection system based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Different rows of grid areas use different pulse voltage levels, and the pulse voltage level of the grid area with a large depth is higher than the pulse voltage level of the grid area with a small depth.

6. The dam protection system based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The area of ​​the grid area shall not exceed 50 square meters.

7. The dam protection system based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Control the pulse output of each grid area according to the timing; Each pulse generating unit is connected to multiple positive poles and multiple negative poles; in the pulse generating unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit, and the MCU controls the pulse generator to generate a pulse signal of preset frequency, duty cycle and voltage value through a pulse driving circuit. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each positive pole; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to each negative pole; the voltage sampling signals generated on the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor enter the MCU after passing through their respective corresponding amplification circuits and A / D conversion circuits to complete data collection.

8. A dam protection method based on electroosmotic pulse multiple electrode layout, characterized in that: The dam protection system described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is used to implement active protection of the dam.

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