A reinforcing method and reinforcing device for soft and hard interbedded slope

Abstract

The application provides a reinforcing method for a soft and hard interbedded slope, which comprises the following steps: calculating the replacement depth according to the average strength of the hard layer and the strength of the soft layer; gradually replacing the soft layer from bottom to top with reinforced concrete to form a plurality of cross beams; grooving the hard rock layer to cast longitudinal beams, which together form lattice beams and are completely embedded in the slope; drilling anchor rod holes at the intersection of the cross beams and the longitudinal beams and expanding the holes at the interface between the soft and hard layers; connecting the main anchor rod with the anti-slide pile and protruding the main anchor rod at the expanded hole to adapt to the hole diameter; setting self-draining anchor rods; and finally, spraying polyurethane foaming material on the slope surface and hanging net and spraying mortar. The application can effectively reinforce the soft and hard interbedded slope, enhances the anchoring effect of the anchor rod, greatly improves the anti-sliding property and stability of the soft and hard interbedded slope, and has important significance for preventing and treating geological disasters such as landslide and collapse of the soft and hard interbedded slope.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of slope reinforcement, in particular to a reinforcement method and device for soft and hard interbedded slope. BACKGROUND

[0002] Soft and hard interbedded rock-soil is widely distributed in China. The soft layer rock-soil therein usually has poor mechanical properties, is easy to weather and is easy to swell when encountering water, which seriously threatens the safety and stability of the soft and hard interbedded slope. In order to prevent the occurrence of geological disasters such as collapse and landslide, some unstable soft and hard interbedded slopes need to be reinforced and treated.

[0003] In the existing slope reinforcement technology, there is no reinforcement method specially for soft and hard interbedded slope, and the bedding planes in the layered rock-soil cannot be effectively reinforced and treated. After using the existing reinforcement technology to reinforce the soft and hard interbedded slope, there are still some problems, including the problem of the upper rock-soil falling due to the continued weathering and falling of the soft layer, the problem of rock mass crushing and falling and the cracking and water seepage of the reinforcement member due to the non-coordinated deformation of the soft and hard layers.

[0004] In view of this, it is urgent to propose a reinforcement method and device for soft and hard interbedded slope to solve the technical problem that the conventional slope reinforcement technology is not strong in pertinence and applicability to soft and hard interbedded slope. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application proposes a reinforcement method for soft and hard interbedded slope to solve the above problems, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step one, trim the slope, clean up the gravel and vegetation; provide a water interception ditch on the upper part of the slope and a retaining wall at the bottom of the slope body, and provide a drainage ditch outside the retaining wall;

[0007] Step two, excavate a slide-resistant pile hole at the stable part of the slope, prefabricate a slide-resistant pile, and reserve anchor holes for main anchor rods and drainage anchor rods on the pile body, and then hoist and install the slide-resistant pile;

[0008] Step three, sample the soft layer and the hard layer and measure the strength; the replacement depth of the i-th soft layer is , the strength of the i-th soft layer is , and the average strength of the hard layer is , the replacement depth of each soft layer is calculated according to , and the unit is cm;

[0009] Step four, replace the soft layer with reinforced concrete from the bottom to the top layer by layer, forming a plurality of cross beams;

[0010] Step five, slotting every 1m along the direction of the beam on the hard layer, placing the steel cage, pouring to form a plurality of reinforced concrete longitudinal beams, the beam and the longitudinal beam are connected together to form a lattice beam and completely embedded in the soft and hard interbedding slope, the surface of the slope is flat; the intersection of the beam and the longitudinal beam needs to reserve the anchor hole of the main anchor rod;

[0011] Step six, continue to drill holes in the slope body at the reserved anchor hole of the beam and the longitudinal beam, drill holes obliquely downward, and expand holes at the soft and hard bedding planes, connect the main anchor rod and the anti-slide pile through the mechanical anchoring device, and ensure that the fixed end of the slide rail is aligned with the front end of the expanded hole at the bedding plane, then push the connecting rod to make the hinge open at the expanded hole at the bedding plane and adapt to the hole diameter, fix the connecting rod after pouring grout, then pass the connecting rod through the main anchor rod pad and fix it on the main anchor rod pad, and then fix the main anchor rod anchor head;

[0012] Step seven, continue to drill holes in the slope body at the anchor hole reserved in the lower part of the beam, drill holes obliquely upward above the drainage ditch at the bottom of the slope, ensure that the water in the slope body can be automatically drained through the drainage anchor rod, and then pour grout after connecting and installing the drainage anchor rod and the anti-slide pile through the mechanical anchoring device, and fix the drainage anchor rod anchor head;

[0013] Step eight, spray polyurethane foaming material on the surface of the soft and hard interbedding slope to fill the gap between the beam and the longitudinal beam and the slope body, and at the same time form a flexible protective layer on the slope surface; finally, hang the net and spray the slope to form a net-sprayed layer.

[0014] Preferably, in the step three: when the strength of the soft layer is less than or equal to one-fourth of the average strength of the hard layer, the replacement depth of the soft layer is 60cm; when the strength of the soft layer is greater than or equal to one-half of the average strength of the hard layer, the replacement depth of the soft layer is 30cm; the maximum replacement depth of the soft layer is 60cm, and the minimum replacement depth is 30cm, the replacement depth is rounded up and is a multiple of 5cm.

[0015] Preferably, in the step four: when replacing each layer of soft layer, it needs to be supported while excavating, a ribbed I-beam with rust-proof treatment is placed to support every 0.5m, and the I-beam is part of the beam; a 1m long reinforced concrete beam is poured every 1.2m, and the end of the beam needs to extend a reserved steel bar to facilitate lapping with the steel bar in the next section of the beam; a section of space is reserved for pouring the longitudinal beam every 1m of the beam; the anchor hole of the drainage anchor rod needs to be reserved at the position in the middle of each section of the beam and close to the lower part; the upper and lower parts of the beam in contact with the rock-soil body are cut to form a zigzag roughness, and an appropriate amount of steel fiber is placed in the recessed part of the zigzag roughness when pouring concrete.

[0016] Preferably, in step six: when the connecting rod is pushed, the sliding block moves towards the fixed end of the sliding rail, and the sliding block pushes the hinge towards the fixed end of the sliding rail, at this time, the distance between the two spherical end portions embedded in the sliding rail of each group of hinges is shortened, the hinge protrudes in a direction perpendicular to the main anchor rod until it contacts the hole wall, and after the compression of the multiple groups of hinges, a continuous protrusion with a long middle and short sides is formed and adapts to the ellipsoidal hole diameter at the layering surface hole expansion.

[0017] Preferably, a reinforcing device for a soft and hard interbedded slope comprises a main anchor rod, the main anchor rod is driven into the soft and hard interbedded slope through the soft layer and the hard layer, and a plurality of groups of sliding rails are arranged on the main anchor rod, one end of the sliding rail is a fixed end of the sliding rail, and the other end is provided with a sliding block.

[0018] Preferably, the sliding block is provided with a connecting rod, and the sliding block slides on the sliding rail by pushing and pulling the connecting rod, and the sliding block cannot be separated from the sliding rail.

[0019] Preferably, one end of the connecting rod is connected with the sliding block, and the other end of the connecting rod passes through a main anchor rod pad plate, and the connecting rod is parallel to the main anchor rod.

[0020] Preferably, the sliding rail is provided with a plurality of groups of slidable hinges.

[0021] Preferably, the hinge is composed of two sections of steel bars and a hinge, the two sections of steel bars are connected through the hinge, the two ends of the hinge are embedded in the sliding rail, and the hinge cannot be separated from the sliding rail.

[0022] Preferably, the multiple groups of hinges are connected in a head-to-tail mode, the steel bars of the hinges closer to the end portion of the sliding rail are shorter, and the hinges can be stretched and compressed along with the movement of the sliding block.

[0023] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The present application forms a lattice beam embedded in the soft and hard interbedded slope by the way of replacing the soft layer and the hard layer, slotting and then pouring reinforced concrete, effectively blocks the further weathering of the soft layer, prevents the upper rock-soil body from falling off after the weathering of the soft layer, and improves the overall stability of the soft and hard interbedded slope;

[0025] 2. The present application makes more slurry penetrate into the cracks of the rock-soil body and the fissures at the layering surface by the way of hole expansion at the layering surface, reinforces the layering surface, enhances the integrity of the rock-soil body, and improves the anti-sliding force of the slope;

[0026] 3. The main anchor rod in the present application can be expanded at the layering surface hole expansion and adapt to the hole diameter, effectively increases the friction and anchoring force of the anchor rod; the drainage anchor rod at the bottom of the soft layer can ensure that there is no water accumulation in the slope body while anchoring the soft layer, and prevent the slope body from sliding under the action of water immersion;

[0027] 4. Spraying polyurethane foaming material on the surface of the slope can not only prevent water, but also offset part of the deformation of the slope, and prevent the surface of the hanging net concrete from cracking and water seepage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is the first profile view of the reinforced soft and hard interbedded slope;

[0029] Figure 2 is the second profile view of the reinforced soft and hard interbedded slope;

[0030] Figure 3 is the front view of the reinforced soft and hard interbedded slope;

[0031] Figure 4 is the structural schematic view of the main anchor before being spread;

[0032] Figure 5 is the structural schematic view of the main anchor after being spread;

[0033] Figure 6 is the structural schematic view of the sliding rail;

[0034] Figure 7 is the structural schematic view of the hinge;

[0035] Figure 8 is the construction flow chart of the reinforced soft and hard interbedded slope;

[0036] In the figure, the soft layer 1, the hard layer 2, the anti-slide pile 3, the net-spraying layer 4, the water interception ditch 5, the sawtooth roughness 6, the polyurethane foaming material 7, the main anchor head 8, the main anchor 9, the bedding plane reaming position 10, the cross beam 11, the longitudinal beam 12, the retaining wall 13, the drainage anchor head 14, the drainage anchor 15, the drainage ditch 16, the main anchor pad 17, the sliding rail fixed end 18, the sliding block 19, the sliding rail 20, the connecting rod 21, the hinge 22, the steel bar 23, and the hinge joint 24. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and examples:

[0038] Referring to Figures 1 to 8 the drawing, a reinforcing method for a soft and hard interbedded slope comprises the following steps:

[0039] Step one, trimming the slope, cleaning the gravel and vegetation; setting the water interception ditch 5 on the upper part of the slope and the retaining wall 13 at the bottom of the slope body, and setting the drainage ditch 16 outside the retaining wall 13;

[0040] Step two, excavating the anti-slide pile 3 hole at the stable position of the slope, prefabricating the anti-slide pile 3, reserving the anchoring holes of the main anchor 9 and the drainage anchor 15 on the pile body, and then hoisting and installing the anti-slide pile 3;

[0041] Step three, sampling the soft layer 1 and the hard layer 2 and measuring the strength; the replacement depth of the i-th soft layer 1 is , and the strength of the i-th soft layer 1 is The average strength of the hard layer 2 is The depth of replacement of each soft layer 1 is calculated according to The depth of replacement of each soft layer 1 is calculated according to

[0042] Step four, replace the soft layer 1 with reinforced concrete layer by layer from bottom to top, forming a plurality of beams 11.

[0043] Step five, groove every 1m along the direction of the beam 11 on the hard layer 2, place the reinforcement cage, and pour to form a plurality of reinforced concrete beams 12, the beam 11 and the beam 12 are connected together to form a lattice beam and are completely embedded in the soft and hard interbedding slope, the surface of the slope is flat; the intersection of the beam 11 and the beam 12 needs to reserve the anchor hole of the main anchor rod 9;

[0044] Step six, continue to drill holes in the slope body at the reserved anchor hole of the beam 11 and the beam 12, drill holes obliquely downward, and expand holes at the soft and hard bedding surface, connect the main anchor rod 9 and the anti-slide pile 3 through the mechanical anchoring device, and ensure that the fixed end 18 of the slide rail and the front end of the expanded hole 10 at the bedding surface are aligned, then push the connecting rod 21 to make the hinge 22 open at the expanded hole 10 at the bedding surface and adapt to the hole diameter, fix the connecting rod 21, then the connecting rod 21 passes through the main anchor rod pad 17 and is fixed on the main anchor rod pad 17, and then the main anchor rod anchor head 8 is fixed;

[0045] Step seven, continue to drill holes in the slope body at the reserved anchor hole of the beam 11 at the lower part, drill holes obliquely upward above the drainage ditch 16 at the bottom of the slope, ensure that the water in the slope body can be automatically discharged through the drainage anchor rod 15, and then the drainage anchor rod 15 and the anti-slide pile 3 are connected and installed through the mechanical anchoring device, grouting is performed after installation, and the drainage anchor rod anchor head 14 is fixed;

[0046] Step eight, spray polyurethane foaming material 7 on the surface of the soft and hard interbedding slope to fill the gap between the beam 11 and the beam 12 and the slope body, and at the same time form a flexible protective layer on the slope surface; finally, hang the net and spray the slope to form a net-sprayed layer 4.

[0047] Preferably, in the step three, when the strength of the soft layer 1 is less than or equal to one fourth of the average strength of the hard layer 2, the depth of replacement of the soft layer 1 is 60cm; when the strength of the soft layer 1 is greater than or equal to one half of the average strength of the hard layer 2, the depth of replacement is 30cm; the maximum depth of replacement of the soft layer 1 is 60cm, and the minimum depth of replacement is 30cm, the depth of replacement is rounded up and is a multiple of 5cm.

[0048] Preferably, in the fourth step, when replacing the soft layer 1, the soft layer 1 is excavated and supported at the same time, a ribbed I-beam with rust-proof treatment is placed to support every 0.5m, the I-beam is part of the cross beam 11; a 1m long reinforced concrete cross beam 11 is poured every 1.2m, the end of the cross beam 11 needs to extend a reserved steel bar to facilitate the lapping with the steel bar in the next cross beam 11; a 1m cross beam 11 needs to reserve a space to pour the longitudinal beam 12; the middle of the cross beam 11 and the position close to the lower part need to reserve the anchor hole of the drainage anchor 15; the upper and lower parts of the cross beam 11 in contact with the rock-soil body are excavated to form the sawtooth roughness 6, and an appropriate amount of steel fiber is placed in the recess of the sawtooth roughness 6 during pouring of the concrete.

[0049] Preferably, in the sixth step, when pushing the connecting rod 21, the sliding block 19 moves towards the fixed end 18 of the sliding rail, and at the same time, the sliding block 19 pushes the hinge 22 to move towards the fixed end 18 of the sliding rail, at this time, the distance between the two spherical end portions embedded in the sliding rail of each group of hinges 22 is shortened, the hinge 22 protrudes in the direction perpendicular to the main anchor rod 9 until it contacts the hole wall, and after the compression of multiple groups of hinges 22, a continuous protrusion with long middle and short sides is formed and adapts to the ellipsoidal hole diameter at the layering surface hole expansion 10.

[0050] Preferably, it comprises a main anchor rod 9, the main anchor rod 9 is punched into the soft and hard interbedded slope through the soft layer 1 and the hard layer 2, and multiple groups of sliding rails 20 are arranged on the main anchor rod 9, one end of the sliding rail 20 is the fixed end 18 of the sliding rail, and the other end is provided with the sliding block 19. The main anchor rod 9 can be expanded at the specified position and adapt to the anchor hole.

[0051] Preferably, the sliding block 19 is provided with a connecting rod 21, and the sliding block 19 slides on the sliding rail 20 by pushing and pulling the connecting rod 21, and the sliding block 19 cannot be separated from the sliding rail 20.

[0052] Preferably, one end of the connecting rod 21 is connected with the sliding block 19, and the other end penetrates through the main anchor rod pad 17, and the connecting rod 21 is parallel to the main anchor rod 9.

[0053] Preferably, the sliding rail 20 is provided with multiple groups of slidable hinges 22.

[0054] Preferably, the hinge 22 is composed of two steel bars 23 and a hinge 24, the two steel bars 23 are connected through the hinge 24, the two ends of the hinge 22 are embedded in the sliding rail 20, and the hinge 22 cannot be separated from the sliding rail 20.

[0055] Preferably, the plurality of hinges 22 are connected head to tail, the reinforcement 23 of the hinge 22 closer to the end of the slide rail 20 is shorter, the hinge 22 can stretch and compress with the movement of the sliding block 19. When pulling the connecting rod 21 to move towards the anchor head 14 of the main anchor rod, the sliding block 19 also moves on the slide rail 20 towards the anchor head 14 of the main anchor rod, the plurality of hinges 22 stretch, facilitating the main anchor rod 9 to be put into the anchor rod hole. When pushing the connecting rod 21 to move in the opposite direction of the anchor head 14 of the main anchor rod, the sliding block 19 also moves on the slide rail 20 in the opposite direction of the anchor head 14 of the main anchor rod, the plurality of hinges 22 compress the protrusions, and the protrusions of the hinge 22 are long in the middle and short on both sides after compression. The protrusions of the hinge 22 after compression can adapt to the ellipsoidal aperture of the bedding surface reaming place 10.

[0056] The above embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present application, and should not be regarded as a limitation of the present application. The protection scope of the present application should be based on the technical solutions recited in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features recited in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A reinforcement method for a soft and hard interbedded slope, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: Step one, trim the side slope, clean up the gravel and vegetation; set the water interception ditch (5) on the upper part of the slope, set the retaining wall (13) at the bottom of the slope body, and set the drainage ditch (16) outside the retaining wall (13); Step two, excavate the anti-slide pile (3) hole at the stable part of the slope, prefabricate the anti-slide pile (3), and reserve the anchoring holes of the main anchor rod (9) and the drainage anchor rod (15) on the pile body, then hoist and install the anti-slide pile (3); Step three, sample the soft layer (1) and the hard layer (2) and measure the strength; the replacement depth of the i-th soft layer (1) is , the strength of the i-th soft layer (1) is , the average strength of the hard layer (2) is , and the replacement depth of each soft layer (1) is calculated according to , in units of cm; Step four, replace the reinforced concrete on the soft layer (1) near the slope surface layer by layer from bottom to top, forming multiple cross beams (11); Step five, groove every 1m along the direction of the cross beam (11) on the hard layer (2), place the steel cage, and pour to form multiple reinforced concrete longitudinal beams (12), the cross beam (11) and the longitudinal beam (12) are connected together to form a lattice beam and are completely embedded in the soft and hard interlayer slope, and the surface of the slope is flat; The intersection of the cross beam (11) and the longitudinal beam (12) needs to reserve the anchor rod hole of the main anchor rod (9); Step six, continue to drill holes inside the slope at the reserved anchor rod holes of the cross beam (11) and the longitudinal beam (12), drill holes obliquely downward, and expand holes at the soft and hard layering surface. Connect the main anchor rod (9) and the anti-slide pile (3) through the mechanical anchoring device, and ensure that the fixed end (18) of the slide rail is aligned with the front end of the layering surface expansion hole (10). Then push the connecting rod (21) to make the hinge (22) open at the layering surface expansion hole (10) and adapt to the hole diameter. After fixing the connecting rod (21), start grouting. Then the connecting rod (21) passes through the main anchor rod pad (17) and is fixed on the main anchor rod pad (17). Then fix the main anchor rod anchor head (8); Wherein: it comprises a main anchor rod (9), the main anchor rod (9) penetrates the soft layer (1) and the hard layer (2) and is punched into the soft and hard interlayer slope, a plurality of slide rails (20) are arranged on the main anchor rod (9), one end of the slide rail (20) is a slide rail fixed end (18), and the other end is provided with a sliding block (19); The sliding block (19) is provided with a connecting rod (21), the connecting rod (21) is pushed and pulled to make the sliding block (19) slide on the slide rail (20), and the sliding block (19) cannot be separated from the slide rail (20); One end of the connecting rod (21) is connected with the sliding block (19), and the other end penetrates the main anchor rod pad (17), and the connecting rod (21) is parallel to the main anchor rod (9); A plurality of slide rails (20) are provided with a plurality of slideable hinges (22); The hinge (22) is composed of two steel bars (23) and a hinge (24), the two steel bars (23) are connected through the hinge (24), the two ends of the hinge (22) are embedded in the slide rail (20), and the hinge (22) cannot be separated from the slide rail (20); A plurality of hinges (22) are connected end to end, the steel bars (23) of the hinges (22) closer to the end of the slide rail (20) are shorter, and the hinges (22) can stretch and compress with the movement of the sliding block (19); Step seven, continue to drill holes in the slope body at the anchor rod hole reserved in the lower part of the cross beam (11), and drill holes above the drainage ditch (16) at the bottom of the slope, the drilling direction is inclined upward, to ensure that the water in the slope body can be automatically discharged along the drainage anchor rod (15), and the drainage anchor rod (15) is connected and installed with the anti-slide pile (3) through a mechanical anchoring device, grouting is performed after installation, and the anchor head (14) of the drainage anchor rod is fixed; Step eight, spraying polyurethane foaming material (7) on the surface of the soft and hard interbedded slope to fill the gap between the cross beam (11) and the longitudinal beam (12) and the slope body, and at the same time, a flexible protective layer is formed on the slope surface; finally, the slope surface is hung and sprayed to form a hung and sprayed layer (4); In the step four: when each layer of soft layer (1) is replaced, it needs to be supported while excavating, and a ribbed I-steel with rust-proof treatment is placed to support every 0.5 m, and the I-steel is part of the cross beam (11); every 1.2 m of excavation needs to first cast a 1 m long reinforced concrete cross beam (11), and the end of the cross beam (11) needs to extend a reserved reinforcing steel bar to facilitate lapping with the reinforcing steel bar in the next cross beam (11); every 1 m of cross beam (11) needs to reserve a space for pouring the longitudinal beam (12); the anchor rod hole of the drainage anchor rod (15) needs to be reserved in the middle and near the lower part of each cross beam (11); the upper and lower parts of the cross beam (11) are in contact with the rock-soil body, and a sawtooth-shaped roughness (6) is formed by excavating, and an appropriate amount of steel fiber is placed in the recessed part of the sawtooth-shaped roughness (6) during concrete pouring.

2. The method for reinforcing a soft and hard interbedded slope according to claim 1, wherein, In the step three: when the strength of the soft layer (1) is less than or equal to one-fourth of the average strength of the hard layer (2), the replacement depth of the soft layer (1) is 60 cm; when the strength of the soft layer (1) is greater than or equal to one-half of the average strength of the hard layer (2), the replacement depth of the soft layer (1) is 30 cm; the maximum replacement depth of the soft layer (1) is 60 cm, and the minimum replacement depth is 30 cm, the replacement depth is rounded up and is a multiple of 5 cm.

3. The method for reinforcing a soft and hard interbedded slope according to claim 1, wherein, In the step six: when the connecting rod (21) is pushed, the sliding block (19) moves towards the fixed end (18) of the slide rail, and at the same time, the sliding block (19) pushes the hinge (22) to move towards the fixed end (18) of the slide rail, at this time, the distance between the two spherical end portions embedded in the slide rail (20) of each group of hinges (22) is shortened, the hinge (22) protrudes in a direction perpendicular to the main anchor rod (9) until it contacts the hole wall, and after compression, a plurality of hinges (22) form a continuous protrusion with long middle and short sides and adapt to the ellipsoidal hole diameter at the layering surface hole (10).

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