Intelligent supporting system and method for TBM construction

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent supporting system and method for TBM construction. The supporting system comprises an anchor rod supporting device, and the anchor rod supporting device comprises an anchor rod drilling assembly, an anchor rod storage assembly and a reloading assembly. The anchor rod drilling assembly comprises a drilling machine and a first limiting piece, and the first limiting piece is constructed to controllably move in the axial direction of a roadway and abut against an anchor rod installed in the drilling machine. The anchor rod storage assembly comprises an anchor rod supplementing channel, an elastic piece and a second limiting piece, the anchor rod storage assembly is detachably connected with the anchor rod drilling assembly, anchor rods are stored in the anchor rod supplementing channel, the elastic piece drives the anchor rods to move towards the first limiting piece, and the second limiting piece can move into and out of the anchor rod supplementing channel. The reloading assembly is used for dismounting or mounting the anchor rod storage assembly. A plurality of anchor rods are stored in the anchor rod storage assembly in advance, the anchor rods can be rapidly supplemented to a drilling machine, and the construction efficiency of anchor rod supporting is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunneling support, and in particular relates to an intelligent support system and a support method for TBM construction. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the coal industry, mine construction will show a trend of large-scale, intensive and modernized. Traditional drilling and blasting methods and fully-mechanized tunneling machines can no longer meet the requirements of rapid and safe construction of coal mines. Based on the various advantages of TBM in underground engineering, the TBM method suitable for coal mine tunneling has been proposed and applied. With its high-efficiency tunneling and safe support, the TBM method has gradually become the preferred technology for coal mine tunneling.

[0003] Surrounding rock support is a key step in the TBM method. The main support methods are anchor support, mesh support and shotcrete support. In the process of anchor support, after the anchor is driven into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, it is necessary to rely on construction personnel or transportation equipment to install the anchor in the anchor bin to the anchor drilling rig, and then continue the anchor support operation. The process of moving the anchor from the anchor bin to the anchor drilling rig takes a lot of time, which seriously affects the construction progress. Moreover, due to the large number of anchors that need to be anchored in the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the time for anchor support is further increased. In addition, in the process of mesh support, after the mesh is laid on the surface of the tunnel surrounding rock, it is necessary to rely on construction personnel to fix the mesh to prevent the mesh from falling. The process of fixing the mesh also takes a lot of time, further affecting the construction progress.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent support system for TBM construction, which is used to solve the problem of low support construction efficiency during TBM excavation.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent support system for TBM construction, including an anchor support device for installation on the main beam of the TBM, the anchor support device including an anchor drilling assembly, an anchor storage assembly and a replacement assembly. The anchor drilling assembly includes a drilling rig and a first stopper arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel, the drilling rig can be controlled to move along the radial direction of the tunnel and drive the anchor into the tunnel surrounding rock, the first stopper is constructed to be controllably moved along the axial direction of the tunnel and to resist the anchor loaded into the drilling rig. The anchor storage assembly includes an anchor supplement channel, an elastic member and a second stopper, the anchor storage assembly is detachably connected to the anchor drilling assembly, the anchor supplement channel extends along the axial direction of the tunnel and is used to store anchors, the elastic member is constructed to provide a driving force for the anchor in the anchor supplement channel to move along the axial direction of the tunnel toward the first stopper, and the second stopper is constructed to be controllably moved into and out of the anchor supplement channel. The replacement assembly is used to remove or install the anchor storage assembly on the anchor drilling assembly.

[0007] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the anchor drilling assembly also includes a limit plate arranged radially along the tunnel on the opposite side of the drilling rig, and the limit plate is provided with a limit groove recessed from the side close to the anchor storage assembly. At the end away from the elastic member, at least one anchor in the anchor supplement channel is located in the limit groove.

[0008] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the second limiting member is disposed on a side of the anchor storage assembly close to the anchor drilling assembly.

[0009] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the anchor support device includes a plurality of first anchor drilling assemblies and a plurality of second anchor drilling assemblies distributed along the circumference of the tunnel, the plurality of first anchor drilling assemblies and the plurality of second anchor drilling assemblies are arranged axially at intervals along the tunnel, the plurality of first anchor drilling assemblies are used to drive anchors into the top plate of the tunnel, and the plurality of second anchor drilling assemblies are used to drive anchors into the sides of the tunnel.

[0010] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the bolt support device further comprises a first track extending axially along the tunnel, and the bolt drilling assembly is mounted on the first track and can be controlled to move along the first track.

[0011] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the anchor support device further comprises an anchor magazine, and the replacement assembly can controllably replenish the anchors in the anchor magazine into the anchor storage assembly.

[0012] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the anchor drilling assembly is used to drive the hollow grouting anchor into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the anchor drilling assembly also includes a grouting channel connected to the internal cavity of the hollow grouting anchor.

[0013] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the intelligent support system for TBM construction also includes a mesh support device for installation on the main beam of the TBM, the mesh support device includes an online machine, a mesh conveyor and a mesh bin arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the tunnel, the online machine can be controlled to move radially along the tunnel and rotate around the axial direction of the tunnel, and then lay the mesh on the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the mesh conveyor is used to transport the mesh in the mesh bin to the online machine.

[0014] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the anchor support device further comprises a pallet nut installation assembly, which is used to install the pallet and the nut on the anchor after the mesh is laid on the tunnel surrounding rock, and to make the pallet abut against the mesh.

[0015] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the intelligent support system for TBM construction further includes a nut installation device, which is used to install the nut on the anchor rod.

[0016] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the intelligent support system for TBM construction also includes a shotcrete support device for installation on the main beam of the TBM, and the shotcrete support device includes a nozzle that can be controllably moved along the axial direction of the tunnel and rotated around the axial direction of the tunnel.

[0017] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the intelligent support system for TBM construction further comprises a finger shield for installation on the shield of the TBM, wherein the finger shield extends from the periphery of the shield along the axial direction of the tunnel toward the bolt support device.

[0018] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a support method for supporting a tunnel using the above-mentioned TBM construction intelligent support system, the support method comprising the following steps: a drilling rig drives anchor rods into the surrounding rock of the tunnel; the drilling rig resets and follows the TBM forward; the first limiting member moves along the axial direction of the tunnel toward the direction close to the anchor rod supplement channel, the second limiting member moves out of the anchor rod supplement channel, an anchor rod at the end of the anchor rod supplement channel moves out of the anchor rod supplement channel, the second limiting member moves into the anchor rod supplement channel, the anchor rod outside the anchor rod supplement channel is clamped between the first limiting member and the second limiting member, and the remaining anchor rods are restricted from moving out of the anchor rod supplement channel; the drilling rig is combined with the anchor rod to drive the anchor rod into the surrounding rock of the tunnel; the above steps are repeated until all the anchor rods in the anchor rod supplement channel are moved out of the anchor rod supplement channel; the replacement assembly removes the anchor rod storage assembly from the anchor rod drilling assembly, replenishes the anchor rods in the anchor rod bin into the anchor rod storage assembly, and then reinstalls it to the anchor rod drilling assembly.

[0019] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the support method further includes the following steps: the TBM advances forward, the anchor drilling assembly moves backward along the first track, the anchor drilling assembly and the tunnel surrounding rock remain relatively stationary, and the anchor is driven into the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0020] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the support method further includes the following steps: multiple first anchor drilling assemblies drive multiple first anchors into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and multiple second anchor drilling assemblies move forward to drive multiple second anchors one by one between two adjacent first anchors.

[0021] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the support method also includes the following steps: after the drilling rig drives the hollow grouting anchor into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the grouting liquid is transported into the internal cavity of the hollow grouting anchor through the grouting channel, the grouting liquid flows out from the head of the hollow grouting anchor and diffuses between the anchor and the wall of the drilled hole, and after the grouting liquid solidifies, the anchor is anchored to the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0022] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the support method also includes the following steps: after the drilling rig drives the anchor rod into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the mesh machine follows the TBM forward to lay the mesh to the area to be laid in the tunnel; the tray nut installation assembly installs the tray and the nut on the anchor rod, and the side of the tray close to the surrounding rock of the tunnel is pressed against the mesh around the anchor rod.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the anchor storage assembly of the present invention can pre-store multiple anchors. When the anchors on the drilling rig are driven into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the anchors in the anchor storage assembly can be quickly replenished to the drilling rig, saving time for replenishing anchors and improving the construction efficiency of anchor support.

[0024] Moreover, after all the anchors in the anchor storage assembly are driven into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the replacement assembly can remove it from the anchor drilling assembly, and after adding multiple anchors in the anchor bin into the anchor storage assembly at one time, the anchor storage assembly can be reinstalled to the anchor drilling assembly, saving time in adding anchors to the anchor storage assembly.

[0025] In addition, the installation steps of the tray and the nut lag behind the mesh laying steps, which allows the tray to hold the mesh against the surface of the tunnel surrounding rock, realize automatic fixation of the mesh, and improve the mesh support efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an intelligent support system for TBM construction in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2It is a side structural diagram of an anchor drilling assembly and an anchor storage assembly in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a top view of the structure of the anchor drilling assembly and the anchor storage assembly in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of an anchor drilling assembly in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a first anchor drilling assembly in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a second anchor drilling assembly in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a mesh support device in a working state in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of a mesh support device in another working state in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Fig. 9 It is a side view structural diagram of a finger-shaped shield in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.10 A top view of the structure of a finger-shaped shield in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.11 This is a working diagram of an anchor support device in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.12 The present invention is a flowchart of the intelligent support method for TBM construction in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Explanation of main figure marks: 1. Main beam, 2. Shield, 3. Anchor drilling assembly, 301. First anchor drilling assembly, 302. Second anchor drilling assembly, 31. Drilling rig, 32. First limit piece, 33. Limit plate, 331. Limit groove, 4. Anchor storage assembly, 41. Anchor supplement channel, 42. Elastic piece, 43. Second limit piece, 5. Replacement assembly, 6. Anchor bin, 7. First track, 8. Online machine, 9. Mesh conveyor, 10. Mesh bin, 11. Nozzle, 12. Second track, 13. Finger shield, 14. Pallet nut installation assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “front”, “rear”, “top”, “bottom”, “upper” and “lower” are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0042] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the present invention provides an intelligent support system for TBM construction, which includes an anchor support device, a mesh support device and a shotcrete support device for installation on the main beam 1 of the TBM, and the support system also includes a finger shield 13 for installation on the shield 2 of the TBM. Among them, the anchor support device, the mesh support device and the shotcrete support device are arranged in sequence from front to back along the axial direction of the tunnel, that is, the anchor support device is located at a position relatively close to the excavation head, and the shotcrete support device is located at a position relatively far from the excavation head, and the finger shield 13 extends from the periphery of the shield 2 along the axial direction of the tunnel toward the anchor support device.

[0043] Specifically, the anchor support device includes an anchor drilling assembly 3, an anchor storage assembly 4, a replacement assembly 5 and an anchor bin 6 which are arranged in sequence from front to back along the axial direction of the tunnel. The anchor drilling assembly 3 is used to drive the anchor into the tunnel surrounding rock. In the process of driving the anchor, the anchor is used as a drill rod. After the anchor drills a hole in the tunnel surrounding rock, the anchor is directly left in the hole. The anchor drilling assembly 3 and the anchor storage assembly 4 are detachably connected. The anchor storage assembly 4 stores a plurality of anchors, which are used to replenish the anchors in the anchor drilling assembly 3 in time. The replacement assembly 5 is used to replenish the anchors in the anchor bin 6 into the anchor storage assembly 4. In specific application, the anchor storage assembly 4 needs to be disassembled from the anchor drilling assembly 3 by the replacement assembly 5, and then the anchor in the anchor bin 6 is taken out and loaded into the anchor storage assembly 4, and then the anchor storage assembly 4 is reinstalled into the anchor drilling assembly 3.

[0044] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the anchor drilling assembly 3 includes a drill rig 31 and a first stopper 32 arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel. The drill rig 31 can move along the radial direction of the tunnel under the drive of the hydraulic system and drive the anchor into the tunnel surrounding rock. The first stopper 32 can move axially along the tunnel under the drive of components such as the hydraulic rod, so that it can be relatively far away from and close to the anchor storage assembly 4, and the side of the first stopper 32 close to the anchor storage assembly 4 can resist the anchor entering the anchor drilling assembly 3 from the anchor storage assembly 4.

[0045] Furthermore, multiple anchor rods extend radially along the roadway in the anchor rod storage assembly 4 and are arranged axially along the roadway. After the anchor rods enter the anchor rod drilling assembly 3 from the anchor rod storage assembly 4 along the axial direction of the roadway, they are immediately clamped between the first stopper 32 and the anchor rod storage assembly 4. At this time, the anchor rods are located between the output end of the drilling rig 31 and the surrounding rock of the roadway, and the axis of the anchor rods is substantially coincident with the axis of the output end of the drilling rig 31.

[0046] Furthermore, the first stopper 32 can be configured as a roller, the central axis of which is perpendicular to the anchor rod, and when the roller rolls around its central axis, the anchor rod clamped between the first stopper 32 and the anchor rod storage assembly 4 can be transported downward, so that the tail of the anchor rod is combined with the output end of the drilling rig 31. How to combine the tail of the anchor rod with the output end of the drilling rig 31 is a conventional technical means in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0047] Alternatively, the first limiting member 32 may also be constructed as two rollers, the central axes of the two rollers are perpendicular to the anchor rod, and the central axes of the two rollers are arranged in a V shape.

[0048] Alternatively, the first limiting member 32 may also be constructed as a block structure, and the anchor drilling assembly 3 may be additionally provided with a roller for driving the anchor to move downward.

[0049] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the anchor support device includes a plurality of first anchor drilling assemblies 301 and a plurality of second anchor drilling assemblies 302 distributed along the axial direction of the tunnel from front to back. The plurality of first anchor drilling assemblies 301 are distributed along the circumference of the tunnel on one tunnel section, and the plurality of second anchor drilling assemblies 302 are distributed along the circumference of the tunnel on another tunnel section, that is, the plurality of first anchor drilling assemblies 301 and the plurality of second anchor drilling assemblies 302 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the tunnel.

[0050] Furthermore, the distance between two adjacent first anchor drilling assemblies 301 is equal to the anchor spacing, and the distance between two adjacent second anchor drilling assemblies 302 is also equal to the anchor spacing.

[0051] The first anchor drilling assemblies 301 are responsible for driving the anchors into the roof of the tunnel, and the second anchor drilling assemblies 302 are responsible for driving the anchors into the sides of the tunnel. In addition, the second anchor drilling assemblies 302 are located behind the TBM support shoe, that is, after the support shoe moves forward, the second anchor drilling assemblies 302 can drive the corresponding anchors into the sides of the tunnel.

[0052] As an example, 10 anchor rods need to be driven into a tunnel section. The 10 anchor rods are marked as 1#, 2#, 3#...9#, 10# in a clockwise direction. Six first anchor rod drilling assemblies 301 are set in the front row, and four second anchor rod drilling assemblies 302 are set in the back row. Among them, the six first anchor rod drilling assemblies 301 are responsible for driving anchor rods numbered 3# to 8#, which are distributed on the top plate of the tunnel, and the four second anchor rod drilling assemblies 302 are responsible for driving anchor rods numbered 1#, 2#, 9#, 10#, which are distributed on the sides of the tunnel.

[0053] During the specific operation, the six first anchor drilling assemblies 301 first drive anchors numbered 3# to 8# into a tunnel section. When the support shoe moves to the front of the tunnel section, the four second anchor drilling assemblies 302 drive anchors numbered 1#, 2#, 9#, and 10# into the tunnel section.

[0054] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the anchor support device also includes a first track 7 extending axially along the tunnel, and the first anchor drilling assembly 301 and the second anchor drilling assembly 302 are both installed on the first track 7 and can be moved along the first track 7 in a controlled manner.

[0055] During specific operation, relative movement can occur between the first anchor drilling assembly 301 and the second anchor drilling assembly 302 and the TBM. When the first anchor drilling assembly 301 and the second anchor drilling assembly 302 are driving the anchors into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the TBM can advance forward, and the first anchor drilling assembly 301 and the second anchor drilling assembly 302 move backward relative to the TBM along the first track 7, so that the first anchor drilling assembly 301 and the second anchor drilling assembly 302 and the surrounding rock of the tunnel remain relatively still, and the anchors can be smoothly driven into the surrounding rock of the tunnel during the forward movement of the TBM, so that the excavation operation of the TBM and the anchor support operation of the anchor drilling assembly 3 are independent of each other and do not interfere with each other, thereby improving the excavation efficiency and anchor construction efficiency.

[0056] In one embodiment, the anchor rod adopts a hollow grouting anchor rod, and the anchor rod drilling assembly 3 also includes a grouting channel connected to the internal cavity of the hollow grouting anchor rod, and the grouting liquid is injected between the hollow grouting anchor rod and the hole wall of the borehole through the grouting channel. The grouting liquid specifically flows into the bottom of the borehole from the through hole of the head of the hollow grouting anchor rod, and then gradually diffuses from the bottom of the hole to the entire borehole, filling the gap between the hole wall of the borehole and the anchor rod and the cracks around the borehole. After the grouting liquid solidifies, the anchor rod is firmly anchored in the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0057] Furthermore, the composition of the grouting liquid generally includes liquid A and liquid B. Liquid A and liquid B will undergo a chemical reaction when mixed, and then solidify to play a role in reinforcing the surrounding rock.

[0058] Liquid A is usually the main agent, and its main component is cement-based materials, such as ordinary Portland cement. In addition, Liquid A may also contain certain additives to accelerate the hydration reaction of cement, so that the grouting material can reach a higher strength in a shorter time.

[0059] Liquid B is generally a curing agent, and its main components are resin materials or water glass. Taking resin materials as an example, after mixing with liquid A, it can form a solid body with good adhesion and high strength, enhance the adhesion between the anchor and the surrounding rock, and improve the support effect. Taking water glass as an example, after mixing with liquid A, it will generate a substance with gelling properties, so that the grouting liquid will solidify quickly. In addition, water glass can also improve the fluidity of the grouting liquid, making it easier to spread.

[0060] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the anchor storage assembly 4 includes an anchor supplement channel 41, an elastic member 42 and a second stopper 43. The anchor storage assembly 4 is detachably connected to the anchor drilling assembly 3. The anchor supplement channel 41 extends along the axial direction of the tunnel and is used to store anchors. The anchors in the anchor supplement channel 41 extend radially along the tunnel and are arranged axially along the tunnel. The elastic member 42 is located on a side of the anchor supplement channel 41 away from the first stopper 32, and is configured to provide a driving force for the anchors in the anchor supplement channel 41 to move axially along the tunnel toward the first stopper 32. The elastic member 42 can be a spring. The second limiting member 43 is located between the first limiting member 32 and the elastic member 42, and is constructed to be controllably moved into and out of the anchor rod supplement channel 41. When the second limiting member 43 moves into the anchor rod supplement channel 41, it can restrict the anchor rod in the anchor rod supplement channel 41 from moving out of the anchor rod supplement channel 41. When the second limiting member 43 moves out of the anchor rod supplement channel 41, the anchor rod in the anchor rod supplement channel 41 can be moved out of the anchor rod supplement channel 41 under the drive of the elastic member 42.

[0061] Furthermore, the second limiting member 43 is disposed on a side of the anchor storage assembly 4 close to the anchor drilling assembly 3 , and is used to clamp the anchor outside the anchor supplementary channel 41 between the first limiting member 32 and the second limiting member 43 .

[0062] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the changing assembly 5 can be constructed as a manipulator, which can grab the anchor rods in the anchor rod storage assembly 4 and the anchor rod bin 6 by virtue of its flexible movement.

[0063] In other alternative embodiments, the replacement assembly 5 can also be constructed as a structure consisting of a clamping mechanism, a rotating mechanism and a linear moving mechanism, wherein the clamping mechanism is mounted on the rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism is mounted on the linear moving mechanism. The clamping mechanism is used to clamp the anchor storage assembly 4 to control the connection and separation between the anchor drilling assembly 3 and the anchor storage assembly 4, the linear moving mechanism is used to move the anchor storage assembly 4 to the vicinity of the anchor bin 6, and the rotating mechanism is used to rotate the anchor storage assembly 4 so that the rod outlet end of the anchor supplement channel 41 faces upward, so as to facilitate the replenishment of the anchors in the anchor bin 6 into the anchor supplement channel 41.

[0064] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the anchor drilling assembly 3 also includes a limit plate 33 arranged at the opposite side of the drilling machine 31 along the radial direction of the roadway, and a limit groove 331 is formed on the limit plate 33, which is recessed from the side close to the anchor storage assembly 4. When the anchor drilling assembly 3 is connected to the anchor storage assembly 4, at least one anchor in the anchor supplementary channel 41 is located in the limit groove 331 at the end away from the elastic member 42, and the limit groove 331 ensures that the anchor can move to the anchor drilling assembly 3 in a predetermined direction after leaving the anchor storage assembly 4.

[0065] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Fig. 9 As shown, the mesh support device includes an online machine 8, a mesh conveyor 9 and a mesh bin 10 arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the tunnel. The online machine 8 can be controlled to move radially along the tunnel and rotate around the axial direction of the tunnel to lay the mesh to the area where the tunnel surrounding rock has been anchored. The online machine 8 can move radially along the tunnel through a hydraulic system, and the online machine 8 can rotate around the axial direction of the tunnel through an arc track. The mesh conveyor 9 is used to transport the mesh in the mesh bin 10 to the online machine 8, so as to achieve rapid replenishment of the mesh and improve the efficiency of mesh laying.

[0066] It should be noted that driving the anchor rod in the above embodiments only means driving the rod body of the anchor rod into the surrounding rock of the tunnel. After the rod body of the anchor rod is driven into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the mesh can be laid.

[0067] Furthermore, the anchor support device also includes a pallet nut installation assembly 14, and the pallet nut installation assembly 14 is arranged near the mesh support device, and can be specifically arranged along the same radial direction of the tunnel as the online machine 8.

[0068] The tray nut installation assembly 14 is used to install the tray and nut on the rod body of the anchor rod after the mesh is laid. After the tray and nut are installed on the anchor rod, the side of the tray close to the tunnel surrounding rock can be against the mesh, so that the mesh is close to the tunnel surrounding rock to prevent the mesh from falling.

[0069] The radial movement of the pallet nut installation assembly 14 along the tunnel can be achieved through the hydraulic system, the axial rotation of the pallet nut installation assembly 14 around the tunnel can be achieved through the annular track, and the tightening of the nut by the pallet nut installation assembly 14 can be achieved through the rotation of the motor. Specifically, a ring portion that can be embedded and engaged with the outer periphery of the nut can be provided, and the nut can be tightened by rotating the ring portion driven by the motor.

[0070] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the shotcrete support device includes a nozzle 11 that can be controlled to move along the axial direction of the tunnel and rotate around the axial direction of the tunnel. The nozzle 11 is used to spray concrete onto the surface of the tunnel surrounding rock. After the concrete is solidified, it is combined with anchor support and mesh support to support the tunnel.

[0071] Furthermore, the shotcrete support device also includes a second track 12 which is arranged on the main beam 1 of the TBM and extends axially along the tunnel. The nozzle 11 is movably mounted on the second track 12, and the second track 12 can rotate around the axial direction of the tunnel.

[0072] In one embodiment, referring to Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, a plurality of finger-shaped shields 13 are provided and are evenly spaced along the circumference of the shield 2 , and the anchor rod driven into the surrounding rock of the tunnel is located between two adjacent finger-shaped shields 13 .

[0073] Furthermore, the finger shield 13 has a certain length, which can cover the area to be laid in the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The area to be laid is the area where the anchor has been driven but the mesh has not been laid, and the tray and nut have not been installed on the anchor. The surrounding rock in this area is lifted to avoid empty top operation. When the finger shield 13 moves forward with the TBM, the mesh needs to be laid immediately to the area to be laid in the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0074] Furthermore, the finger shields 13 are distributed on the tunnel roof and also on a part of the tunnel side.

[0075] In one embodiment, referring to Fig.11 and Fig.12As shown, the present invention also provides a TBM construction intelligent support method, which uses the TBM construction intelligent support system in the above embodiment to support the tunnel, and the support method includes the following steps:

[0076] 1. Anchor support steps

[0077] The drilling machine 31 drives the rod body of the anchor rod into the surrounding rock of the tunnel;

[0078] The drilling rig 31 moves back radially along the tunnel to reset, and moves forward axially along the tunnel following the TBM;

[0079] The first limiting member 32 moves along the axial direction of the tunnel toward the direction close to the anchor rod supplementary channel 41, the second limiting member 43 moves out of the anchor rod supplementary channel 41, an anchor rod at the end of the anchor rod supplementary channel 41 moves out of the anchor rod supplementary channel 41, and the second limiting member 43 immediately moves into the anchor rod supplementary channel 41, clamping the anchor rod outside the anchor rod supplementary channel 41 between the first limiting member 32 and the second limiting member 43, and restricting the remaining anchor rods from moving out of the anchor rod supplementary channel 41;

[0080] The drilling machine 31 is combined with the anchor rod to drive the anchor rod into the surrounding rock of the tunnel;

[0081] Repeat the above steps until all the anchor rods in the anchor rod supplementary channel 41 are moved out of the anchor rod supplementary channel 41;

[0082] The replacement assembly 5 removes the anchor storage assembly 4 from the anchor drilling assembly 3 , replenishes the anchors in the anchor bin 6 into the anchor storage assembly 4 , and then reinstalls it to the anchor drilling assembly 3 .

[0083] Furthermore, when the drilling rig 31 drives the rod body of the anchor into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the front row of multiple first anchor drilling assemblies 301 first drive the corresponding anchors into the tunnel section in front, and then the multiple first anchor drilling assemblies 301 and the multiple second anchor drilling assemblies 302 move forward, and the forward movement distance is roughly the anchor row spacing. The multiple second anchor drilling assemblies 302 move forward to drive the multiple second anchors into the above-mentioned tunnel section, and the multiple second anchors are located one by one between two adjacent first anchors.

[0084] Furthermore, during the process of the drilling rig 31 driving the rod body of the anchor rod into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, after the drilling rig 31 drives the hollow grouting anchor rod into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the grouting liquid is transported into the internal cavity of the hollow grouting anchor rod through the grouting channel, and the grouting liquid flows out from the head of the hollow grouting anchor rod and diffuses between the anchor rod and the wall of the borehole and in the cracks around the borehole. After the grouting liquid solidifies, the anchor rod is anchored to the surrounding rock of the tunnel together.

[0085] Furthermore, during the forward excavation of the TBM, the excavation operation of the TBM and the anchor support operation of the anchor drilling assembly 3 are independent of each other. When the TBM moves forward, the anchor drilling assembly 3 moves backward along the first track 7, and the anchor drilling assembly 3 and the surrounding rock of the tunnel remain relatively still, and the anchor is driven into the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0086] 2. Mesh support steps

[0087] After the drilling rig 31 drives the anchor into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the net-mounting machine 8 moves forward following the TBM to lay the mesh to the waiting area of ​​the tunnel, which is the area of ​​the tunnel where the anchor has been driven but the mesh has not been laid;

[0088] The tray nut installation assembly 14 moves toward the tunnel surrounding rock to put the tray and nut on the anchor rod, and then tighten the nut to apply pre-tightening force to the anchor rod, and make the side of the tray close to the tunnel surrounding rock press against the mesh around the anchor rod, so that the mesh is close to the tunnel surrounding rock surface.

[0089] 3. Shotcrete support steps

[0090] After the mesh is laid, the TBM moves forward and the nozzle of the shotcrete support assembly sprays concrete into the area of ​​the tunnel to be shotcreted. The area to be shotcreted is the area of ​​the tunnel where the mesh has been laid but the concrete has not been sprayed. After the concrete solidifies, it is combined with anchor support and mesh support to support the tunnel.

[0091] Furthermore, during the spraying of concrete, the spray head 11 can move along the second track 12 to spray concrete to different areas in the axial direction of the tunnel. The second track 12 can rotate around the axial direction of the tunnel, and the spray head 11 can spray concrete to different areas in the circumferential direction of the tunnel.

[0092] The specific embodiments described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describe exemplary embodiments, but do not represent all embodiments that can be implemented or fall within the scope of protection of the claims. The term "exemplary" used throughout this specification means "used as an example, instance or illustration" and does not mean "preferred" or "having advantages" over other embodiments. For the purpose of providing an understanding of the described technology, the specific embodiments include specific details. However, these technologies can be implemented without these specific details. In some instances, in order to avoid making the concepts of the described embodiments difficult to understand, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form.

[0093] The above description of the present disclosure is provided to enable any person of ordinary skill in the art to implement or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles corresponding to the present disclosure may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is consistent with the widest range of principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An intelligent support system for TBM construction, characterized in that: The invention comprises an anchor support device for being installed on a main beam of a TBM, the anchor support device comprising: An anchor drilling assembly, comprising a drill rig and a first stopper arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel, wherein the drill rig can be controlled to move along the radial direction of the tunnel and drive the anchor into the tunnel surrounding rock, and the first stopper is configured to be controlled to move along the axial direction of the tunnel and abut against the anchor installed in the drill rig; An anchor storage assembly, comprising an anchor supplement channel, an elastic member and a second stopper, the anchor storage assembly being detachably connected to the anchor drilling assembly, the anchor supplement channel extending axially along the tunnel and used to store anchors, the elastic member being configured to provide a driving force for the anchors in the anchor supplement channel to move axially along the tunnel toward the first stopper, and the second stopper being configured to be controllably moved into and out of the anchor supplement channel; A replacement assembly is used to remove or install an anchor storage assembly on the anchor drilling assembly.

2. The intelligent support system for TBM construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The anchor drilling assembly also includes a limit plate arranged radially along the tunnel on the opposite side of the drilling rig, and the limit plate is provided with a limit groove recessed from the side close to the anchor storage assembly. At the end away from the elastic member, at least one anchor in the anchor supplement channel is located in the limit groove.

3. The intelligent TBM construction support system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The second limiting member is arranged on a side of the anchor rod storage assembly close to the anchor rod drilling assembly.

4. The intelligent TBM construction support system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The anchor support device comprises a plurality of first anchor drilling assemblies and a plurality of second anchor drilling assemblies distributed along the circumference of the tunnel, wherein the plurality of first anchor drilling assemblies and the plurality of second anchor drilling assemblies are spaced apart along the axial direction of the tunnel, wherein the plurality of first anchor drilling assemblies are used to drive anchors into the roof of the tunnel, and the plurality of second anchor drilling assemblies are used to drive anchors into the sides of the tunnel; and / or, The anchor support device further comprises a first track extending axially along the tunnel, the anchor drilling assembly is mounted on the first track and can be controlled to move along the first track; and / or, The anchor support device further comprises an anchor magazine, and the replacement assembly can controllably replenish the anchors in the anchor magazine into the anchor storage assembly; and / or, The anchor drilling assembly is used to drive the hollow grouting anchor into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the anchor drilling assembly also includes a grouting channel connected to the internal cavity of the hollow grouting anchor.

5. The intelligent support system for TBM construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The intelligent support system for TBM construction also includes a mesh support device for installation on the main beam of the TBM, the mesh support device includes an online machine, a mesh conveyor and a mesh bin arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the tunnel, the online machine can be controlled to move radially along the tunnel and rotate around the axial direction of the tunnel, and then lay the mesh on the tunnel surrounding rock, the mesh conveyor is used to transport the mesh in the mesh bin to the online machine.

6. The intelligent TBM construction support system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The anchor support device also includes a pallet nut installation assembly, which is used to install a pallet and a nut on the anchor after the mesh is laid on the tunnel surrounding rock, and to make the pallet abut against the mesh.

7. The intelligent support system for TBM construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The intelligent support system for TBM construction further comprises a shotcrete support device for installation on the main beam of the TBM, wherein the shotcrete support device comprises a spray head which can be controlled to move along the axial direction of the tunnel and rotate around the axial direction of the tunnel; and / or, The intelligent support system for TBM construction also includes a finger-shaped shield for installation on the shield of the TBM, and the finger-shaped shield extends from the periphery of the shield along the axial direction of the tunnel toward the anchor support device.

8. A support method using the intelligent support system for TBM construction according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The support method comprises the following steps: The drilling rig drives the anchor into the surrounding rock of the tunnel; The drilling rig is reset and moves forward with the TBM; The first limiting member moves along the axial direction of the tunnel toward the direction close to the anchor rod supplement channel, the second limiting member moves out of the anchor rod supplement channel, an anchor rod at the end of the anchor rod supplement channel moves out of the anchor rod supplement channel, the second limiting member moves into the anchor rod supplement channel, the anchor rod outside the anchor rod supplement channel is clamped between the first limiting member and the second limiting member, and the remaining anchor rods are restricted from moving out of the anchor rod supplement channel; The drilling rig is combined with the anchor rod to drive the anchor rod into the surrounding rock of the tunnel; Repeat the above steps until all the anchor rods in the anchor rod supplement channel are moved out of the anchor rod supplement channel; The replacement assembly removes the anchor storage assembly from the anchor drilling assembly, replenishes the anchors in the anchor bin into the anchor storage assembly, and then reinstalls it to the anchor drilling assembly.

9. The supporting method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The support method further comprises the following steps: As the TBM excavates forward, the anchor drilling assembly moves backward along the first track, the anchor drilling assembly and the tunnel surrounding rock remain relatively stationary, and the anchor is driven into the tunnel surrounding rock; and / or, The plurality of first anchor rod drilling assemblies drive the plurality of first anchor rods into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the plurality of second anchor rod drilling assemblies move forward to drive the plurality of second anchor rods one by one into the space between two adjacent first anchor rods; and / or, After the drilling rig drives the hollow grouting anchor into the tunnel surrounding rock, the grouting liquid is transported into the internal cavity of the hollow grouting anchor through the grouting channel. The grouting liquid flows out from the head of the hollow grouting anchor and diffuses between the anchor and the wall of the drilled hole. After the grouting liquid solidifies, the anchor is anchored to the tunnel surrounding rock.

10. The supporting method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The support method further comprises the following steps: After the drill rig drives the anchor into the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the mesh machine moves forward with the TBM to lay the mesh to the waiting area of ​​the tunnel; The tray and nut installation assembly installs the tray and the nut on the anchor rod, and the side of the tray close to the tunnel surrounding rock is supported against the mesh around the anchor rod.

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