All-weather spectral positioning measurement method and device for water ecological environment

Abstract

An all-weather spectral positioning measurement method and device for aquatic ecological environment, first monitor the water body, then obtain initial water quality parameters, solar radiation data and initial multi-spectral data, then process the data to obtain water quality parameters, multi-spectral data and multi-spectral reflectance data, then build a model through the above data, and then obtain the correction factor, and then multiply the correction factor with the above model to obtain an all-weather spectral correction model; the coupling relationship between water quality parameters and multi-spectral data under different weather conditions is used to correct the multi-spectral reflectance, effectively avoiding errors caused by weather, so the correction is accurate; the water quality parameters are obtained by monitoring the water body, so they have a good match with the water body. Therefore, the design accurately corrects the multi-spectral reflectance data and has a good match with the water body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a spectral positioning measurement method, belonging to the technical field of remote sensing water ecological monitoring, and in particular to an all-weather spectral positioning measurement method and device for a water ecological environment. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the monitoring of dynamic changes in aquatic ecosystems has become increasingly important. In the use of monitoring technology, remote sensing technology, especially water quality and ecological monitoring methods based on spectral reflectance data, has become an important research tool.

[0003] The Chinese patent application number is CN202311566753.4, and the application date is November 22, 2023. It discloses a method and device for dynamic simulation of a full-scale water ecosystem in a watershed, which is applied to the field of environmental monitoring technology, including: obtaining remote sensing images of the water ecological environment to be simulated, constructing a remote sensing big data inversion model, and obtaining the output of the remote sensing big data inversion model; using an improved Kalman filter to resample the output of the remote sensing big data inversion model, verifying and calibrating the output of the FVCOM hydrodynamic model, and dynamically and continuously simulating the water ecological environment to be simulated according to a preset frequency. Although the design combines GA and ANN to establish a remote sensing big data inversion model to dynamically monitor the water ecological quality, it still has the following defects:

[0004] In this design, when monitoring the multispectral reflectance data, the multispectral reflectance data is corrected by measuring the reflected light intensity of the gray plate. However, under complex weather conditions, the reflected light intensity of the gray plate and the measured water body is different, which will lead to inaccurate correction of the multispectral reflectance data, thereby causing inaccurate measurement of the multispectral reflectance data.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to increase the understanding of the overall background of the application, and should not be regarded as acknowledging or suggesting in any form that the information constitutes the prior art already known to ordinary technicians in this field. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects and problems of inaccurate correction of multi-spectral reflectance data in the prior art, and to provide an all-weather spectral positioning measurement method and device for aquatic ecological environment that can accurately correct multi-spectral reflectance data.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0008] An all-weather spectral positioning measurement method for aquatic ecological environment, the method comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Monitor the water body to obtain the initial water quality parameters, solar radiation data and initial multi-spectral data;

[0010] Step 2: First pre-process the initial water quality parameters to obtain the water quality parameters; then pre-process the initial multispectral data to obtain the multispectral data, and then calculate the ratio of the target reflection amplitude intensity in the multispectral data to the incident radiation intensity in the solar irradiance data to obtain the multispectral reflectance data;

[0011] Step 3: First, based on the solar radiation data, select water quality parameters and multispectral reflectance data under normal light intensity conditions on sunny days in real time, and then introduce linear regression, polynomial regression, support vector machine regression, random forest or neural network to establish a standard spectral correction model corresponding to the spectral reflectance of each band in the multispectral reflectance data and the water quality parameters;

[0012] Step 4: First collect the actual water quality parameters, actual solar radiation data and actual multispectral reflectance data under different weather conditions, then use the actual water quality parameters under different weather conditions to bring them into the standard spectrum correction model to obtain the theoretical multispectral reflectance data, and then find the ratio of the theoretical multispectral reflectance data to the actual multispectral reflectance data, that is, to obtain the water quality correction factor, and use the solar radiation data under sunny conditions to divide the actual solar radiation data under different weather conditions to obtain the solar radiation correction factor;

[0013] Step 5: Multiply the standard spectrum correction model with the water quality correction factor and the solar radiation correction factor to obtain the all-weather spectrum correction model;

[0014] Step 6: First, add the water quality parameters monitored in real time under different water quality conditions to the all-weather spectral correction model, and then the all-weather spectral correction model outputs the corrected multispectral reflectance data.

[0015] A device for an all-weather spectral positioning measurement method suitable for a water ecological environment, the device comprising a support rod, a water environment monitoring box, a solar radiometer and a remote sensing multi-spectrometer; one end of the support rod close to the bottom is connected to one side of a fixing ring, the other side of the fixing ring is connected to one end of a bottom bracket, and the other end of the bottom bracket is connected to one end of the water environment monitoring box; one end of the support rod close to the top is connected to one end of a top bracket, and the other end of the top bracket is a measuring end;

[0016] The bottom of the solar radiometer is connected to the top of the measuring end, and the top of the remote sensing multi-spectrometer is connected to the bottom of the measuring end.

[0017] The bottom bracket includes a bottom horizontal bracket and a bottom vertical bracket, one side of the bottom vertical bracket is connected to one side of the fixing ring, the other side of the bottom vertical bracket is vertically connected to one end of the bottom horizontal bracket, and the bottom of the bottom horizontal bracket is connected to the top of the water environment monitoring box.

[0018] The fixing ring comprises a first fixing ring and a second fixing ring, the first fixing ring is connected to one end of the bottom vertical bracket close to the top, and the second fixing ring is connected to one end of the bottom vertical bracket close to the bottom.

[0019] A plurality of universal balls are arranged on a portion of the bottom vertical bracket between the first fixing ring and the second fixing ring, and one side of the universal balls is connected to one side of the support rod.

[0020] The top of the bottom cross bracket is connected to one end of a connecting steel wire, the other end of the connecting steel wire is wound around an electric roller, and one end of the electric roller is connected to one end of a supporting rod.

[0021] A terminal control box is arranged on one end of the support rod close to the top, a storage battery and an analysis and transmission module are arranged in the terminal control box, and a transmission antenna is inserted on the top of the terminal control box.

[0022] The top of the support rod is vertically connected to the bottom of the thin bracket, and a solar panel is arranged on the top of the thin bracket.

[0023] The solar panel includes a first solar panel and a second solar panel, one side of the first solar panel is connected to one side of the thin bracket, one side of the second solar panel is connected to the other side of the thin bracket, and the top of the second solar panel is perpendicular to the top of the first solar panel.

[0024] The bottom of the support rod is connected to one end of the large end of the cone, the large end of the cone has the same diameter as the support rod, and the end of the large end of the cone away from the support rod is connected to one end of the small end of the cone, and the diameter of the small end of the cone is smaller than the diameter of the large end of the cone.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. In an all-weather spectral positioning measurement method and device for a water ecological environment of the present invention, the water body is first monitored, and then water quality parameters, solar radiation data and multi-spectral data are obtained. Then, multi-spectral reflectance data is obtained through multi-spectral data and solar radiation data. Then, a machine learning method is introduced to construct a standard spectrum correction model for the coupling relationship between water quality parameters and a single spectral band in the multi-spectral reflectance data. Then, water quality parameters under different weather conditions are brought into the standard spectrum correction model to obtain theoretical multi-spectral reflectance data. Then, the ratio of theoretical multi-spectral reflectance data to actual multi-spectral reflectance data is obtained to obtain a water quality correction factor. Then, the ratio of solar radiation data under sunny conditions to solar radiation data under different weather conditions is calculated to obtain a solar radiation correction factor. Then, the standard spectrum correction model, the water quality correction factor and the solar radiation correction factor are multiplied to obtain an all-weather spectrum correction model. Then, the actually measured water quality parameters are input into the spectrum correction model to obtain the corrected multi-spectral reflectance data, i.e., the multi-spectral reflectance data under sunny conditions. The advantages of the present invention also include:

[0027] First point: There is a coupling relationship between water quality parameters and multispectral data, that is, the two affect each other, so water quality parameters and multispectral data are used to construct a standard spectral correction model; then the water quality parameters and solar radiation data actually measured under different weather conditions are used to obtain the correction factors under different weather conditions, and then the standard spectral correction model is multiplied by the correction factor to construct an all-weather spectral correction model, and then the multispectral reflectance data is corrected by the all-weather spectral correction model to obtain accurate multispectral reflectance data; the multispectral reflectance data affected by different weather conditions can be corrected in real time, effectively avoiding errors caused by extreme conditions such as rain, strong light, etc., so the correction of the multispectral reflectance data is accurate, so that accurate multispectral reflectance data can be obtained, ensuring the stability, continuity and accuracy of the multispectral reflectance data under different weather conditions, so it can provide reliable basic data for health assessment and water quality inversion of water ecosystems;

[0028] Second point: In the prior art, the gray plate can only correct the influence of illumination change on multispectral reflectance data, but the change of components in the water body will also cause the change of multispectral reflectance data, and the gray plate cannot correct for this situation. The change of components in the water body will cause the change of water quality parameters, and the water quality parameters can be corrected for this situation. Therefore, the present invention has better compatibility with the water body;

[0029] Third point: After obtaining the all-weather spectral correction model, the all-weather spectral correction model can be adaptively corrected using the actually measured water quality parameters in different types of water environments, which can not only further improve the correction accuracy, but also does not require additional laboratory measurements, so the use process is convenient;

[0030] Therefore, the present invention can accurately correct the multispectral reflectance data and has good matching performance with the water body.

[0031] 2. In the all-weather spectral positioning measurement method and device of the water ecological environment of the present invention, the device includes a support rod, a water environment monitoring box, a solar radiometer and a remote sensing multi-spectrometer. The support rod is connected with two fixing rings and a bottom bracket in sequence. The bottom bracket is connected with the water environment monitoring box. A universal ball is arranged on the side where the bottom bracket is connected with the support rod. A connecting steel wire is arranged on one end of the bottom bracket. One end of the connecting steel wire is wound around an electric roller. The electric roller is fixed to the middle part of the support rod. The top of the support rod is connected with the top bracket. The top bracket is connected with the solar radiometer and the remote sensing multi-spectrometer. When used, The water environment monitoring box measures water quality parameters, the solar radiation data is measured by the solar radiometer, and the multi-spectral data is measured by the remote sensing multi-spectrometer; the fixed ring stabilizes the connection between the bottom bracket and the support rod, and the electric roller drives the connecting wire to move when it rotates, and then the bottom bracket is driven by the connecting wire to move, and then the bottom bracket drives the water environment monitoring box to move, at this time, the universal ball reduces the friction between the bottom vertical bracket and the support rod, thereby achieving the up and down movement effect of the water environment monitoring box, so the water environment monitoring box can be located at different depths of the water body to achieve a better water quality parameter measurement effect. Therefore, the present invention has a better measurement effect on water quality parameters.

[0032] 3. In the all-weather spectral positioning measurement method and device of the water ecological environment of the present invention, a terminal control box is provided at one end of the support rod, a battery and an analysis and transmission module are provided in the terminal control box, a transmission antenna is provided on the top of the terminal control box, a thin bracket is provided on the top of the support rod, and a solar panel is provided on the thin bracket. When used, sunlight shines on the solar panel, and the solar panel converts the light energy into electrical energy, and then the electrical energy is passed into the battery, and then the battery completes the power supply of the entire device, so the present invention can operate for a long time; the terminal control box protects the battery and the analysis and transmission module to prevent erosion by wind and rain, and the analysis and transmission module sends the data measured by the device to external equipment through the transmission antenna. Therefore, the long-term operation effect of the present invention is better.

[0033] 4. In the all-weather spectral positioning measurement method and device of the water ecological environment of the present invention, the bottom of the support rod is connected to one end of the conical end. When used, the bottom of the support rod is located in the water body, and the conical end helps to fix the support rod, so that the support rod is more stable in the water body. Therefore, the stability of the present invention is better. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of Example 2.

[0036] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle top support.

[0037] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the grey water environment monitoring box.

[0038] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the midsole bracket.

[0039] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the solar radiometer.

[0040] Figure 7 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle terminal control box.

[0041] Figure 8 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of solar panels.

[0042] Fig. 9 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle cone end.

[0043] In the figure: support rod 1, conical end 11, large conical end 12, small conical end 13, spectrum monitoring module 2, top bracket 21, measuring end 22, water environment monitoring box 3, solar radiometer 31, remote sensing multi-spectrometer 32, fixing ring 4, first fixing ring 41, second fixing ring 42, bottom bracket 5, bottom horizontal bracket 51, bottom vertical bracket 52, universal ball 53, connecting wire 6, electric roller 61, terminal control box 7, battery 71, transmission antenna 72, thin bracket 8, solar panel 81, first solar panel 811, second solar panel 812, water body 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0045] See also Figure 1 — Fig. 9 , an all-weather spectral positioning measurement method for aquatic ecological environment, the method comprising the following steps:

[0046] The first step: first monitor the water body 9 to obtain the initial water quality parameters, solar radiation data and initial multi-spectral data of the water body 9;

[0047] Step 2: First pre-process the initial water quality parameters to obtain the water quality parameters; then pre-process the initial multispectral data to obtain the multispectral data, and then calculate the ratio of the target reflection amplitude intensity in the multispectral data to the incident radiation intensity in the solar irradiance data to obtain the multispectral reflectance data;

[0048] Step 3: First, based on the solar radiation data, select water quality parameters and multispectral reflectance data under normal light intensity conditions on sunny days in real time, and then introduce linear regression, polynomial regression, support vector machine regression, random forest or neural network to establish a standard spectral correction model corresponding to the spectral reflectance of each band in the multispectral reflectance data and the water quality parameters;

[0049] Step 4: First collect the actual water quality parameters, actual solar radiation data and actual multispectral reflectance data under different weather conditions, then use the actual water quality parameters under different weather conditions to bring them into the standard spectrum correction model to obtain the theoretical multispectral reflectance data, and then find the ratio of the theoretical multispectral reflectance data to the actual multispectral reflectance data, that is, to obtain the water quality correction factor, and use the solar radiation data under sunny conditions to divide the actual solar radiation data under different weather conditions to obtain the solar radiation correction factor;

[0050] Step 5: Multiply the standard spectrum correction model with the water quality correction factor and the solar radiation correction factor to obtain the all-weather spectrum correction model;

[0051] Step 6: First, add the water quality parameters monitored in real time under different water quality conditions to the all-weather spectral correction model, and then the all-weather spectral correction model outputs the corrected multispectral reflectance data.

[0052] A device for an all-weather spectral positioning measurement method for aquatic ecological environment, the device comprising a support rod 1, a water environment monitoring box 3, a solar radiometer 31 and a remote sensing multi-spectrometer 32; one end of the support rod 1 close to the bottom is connected to one side of a fixing ring 4, the other side of the fixing ring 4 is connected to one end of a bottom bracket 5, and the other end of the bottom bracket 5 is connected to one end of the water environment monitoring box 3; one end of the support rod 1 close to the top is connected to one end of a top bracket 21, and the other end of the top bracket 21 is a measuring end 22;

[0053] The bottom of the solar radiometer 31 is connected to the top of the measuring end 22 , and the top of the remote sensing multi-spectrometer 32 is connected to the bottom of the measuring end 22 .

[0054] The bottom bracket 5 includes a bottom horizontal bracket 51 and a bottom vertical bracket 52, one side of the bottom vertical bracket 52 is connected to one side of the fixing ring 4, the other side of the bottom vertical bracket 52 is vertically connected to one end of the bottom horizontal bracket 51, and the bottom of the bottom horizontal bracket 51 is connected to the top of the water environment monitoring box 3.

[0055] The fixing ring 4 includes a first fixing ring 41 and a second fixing ring 42 . The first fixing ring 41 is connected to one end of the bottom vertical bracket 52 close to the top, and the second fixing ring 42 is connected to one end of the bottom vertical bracket 52 close to the bottom.

[0056] A plurality of universal balls 53 are disposed on the bottom vertical bracket 52 between the first fixing ring 41 and the second fixing ring 42 , and one side of the universal balls 53 is connected to one side of the support rod 1 .

[0057] The top of the bottom cross bracket 51 is connected to one end of the connecting wire 6 , the other end of the connecting wire 6 is wound around the electric roller 61 , and one end of the electric roller 61 is connected to one end of the support rod 1 .

[0058] A terminal control box 7 is arranged on one end of the support rod 1 close to the top, and a storage battery 71 and an analysis and transmission module are arranged in the terminal control box 7 . A transmission antenna 72 is inserted at the top of the terminal control box 7 .

[0059] The top of the support rod 1 is vertically connected to the bottom of the thin bracket 8, and a solar panel 81 is arranged on the top of the thin bracket 8.

[0060] The solar panel 81 includes a first solar panel 811 and a second solar panel 812, one side of the first solar panel 811 is connected to one side of the thin bracket 8, one side of the second solar panel 812 is connected to the other side of the thin bracket 8, and the top of the second solar panel 812 is perpendicular to the top of the first solar panel 811.

[0061] The bottom of the support rod 1 is connected to one end of the conical large end 12, and the conical large end 12 has the same diameter as the support rod 1. The end of the conical large end 12 away from the support rod 1 is connected to one end of the conical small end 13, and the diameter of the conical small end 13 is smaller than the diameter of the conical large end 12.

[0062] The supplementary description of the present invention is as follows:

[0063] The water body 9 described in the present invention refers to: it can be inland water bodies such as streams, rivers, ponds, swamps, wetlands, lakes, reservoirs, etc., and it can also be marine water bodies such as bays, nearshore and offshore; wherein the water body 9 has different pollution levels and cleanliness levels; the water body 9 also has different water conditions, such as different wind and wave levels, different turbidity, different algal bloom levels, etc.; the water quality parameters of the water body 9 are monitored by the water environment monitoring box 3, and the water environment monitoring box 3 can also record the monitoring point location information, air temperature, humidity, water temperature and observation time and other information; the multispectral data of the water body 9 is monitored by the remote sensing multispectrometer 32, and the monitoring bands of the remote sensing multispectrometer 32 are near-infrared band, red light band, green light band, and blue light band. In order to ensure that the viewing angle range of the remote sensing multispectrometer 32 is larger, the length of the top bracket 21 is longer.

[0064] The standard spectrum correction model described in the present invention is: a mathematical model established by computer technology and methods, and its input data is divided into training set data and test set data, including pre-processed water quality parameters, solar radiation data, multi-spectral data and spectral data of each band, and the model accuracy is evaluated according to the determination coefficient, root mean square error, and average relative error, and then the standard spectrum correction model corresponding to each band is selected.

[0065] The sunny day condition described in the present invention is: generally from 9:00 to 11:00 in the morning, there is no cloud covering the sky.

[0066] Embodiment 1:

[0067] See also Figure 1 — Fig. 9 , an all-weather spectral positioning measurement method for aquatic ecological environment, the method comprising the following steps:

[0068] The first step: first monitor the water body 9 to obtain the initial water quality parameters, solar radiation data and initial multi-spectral data of the water body 9;

[0069] Step 2: First pre-process the initial water quality parameters to obtain the water quality parameters; then pre-process the initial multispectral data to obtain the multispectral data, and then calculate the ratio of the target reflection amplitude intensity in the multispectral data to the incident radiation intensity in the solar irradiance data to obtain the multispectral reflectance data;

[0070] Step 3: First, based on the solar radiation data, select water quality parameters and multispectral reflectance data under normal light intensity conditions on sunny days in real time, and then introduce linear regression, polynomial regression, support vector machine regression, random forest or neural network to establish a standard spectral correction model corresponding to the spectral reflectance of each band in the multispectral reflectance data and the water quality parameters;

[0071] Step 4: First collect the actual water quality parameters, actual solar radiation data and actual multispectral reflectance data under different weather conditions, then use the actual water quality parameters under different weather conditions to bring them into the standard spectrum correction model to obtain the theoretical multispectral reflectance data, and then find the ratio of the theoretical multispectral reflectance data to the actual multispectral reflectance data, that is, to obtain the water quality correction factor, and use the solar radiation data under sunny conditions to divide the actual solar radiation data under different weather conditions to obtain the solar radiation correction factor;

[0072] Step 5: First, multiply the standard spectrum correction model with the water quality correction factor and the solar radiation correction factor to obtain the all-weather spectrum correction model;

[0073] Step 6: First, add the water quality parameters monitored in real time under different water quality conditions to the all-weather spectral correction model, and then the all-weather spectral correction model outputs the corrected multispectral reflectance data.

[0074] Preferably, the second to sixth steps are repeated to adaptively correct the all-weather spectral correction model.

[0075] Preferably, in the second step, the preprocessing of the initial water quality parameters is to remove the water quality data sent before the sensor calibration in the initial water quality parameters (this is an abnormal value), and then filter and retain the data with a specified transmission time interval in the initial water quality parameters (the specified transmission time interval is three hours, six hours or twenty-four hours, etc.) to remove the data error caused by the time deviation, and then obtain the water quality parameters;

[0076] Preferably, in the second step, the preprocessing of the initial multispectral data is to perform multi-band extraction, image equidistant segmentation and cropping, and radiation correction on the image data in the initial multispectral data in sequence to obtain multispectral reflectance data.

[0077] Embodiment 2:

[0078] The basic content is the same as that of Example 1, except that:

[0079] See also Figure 1 — Figure 6, a device for an all-weather spectral positioning measurement method for aquatic ecological environment, the device comprises a support rod 1, a water environment monitoring box 3, a solar radiometer 31 and a remote sensing multi-spectrometer 32; one end of the support rod 1 close to the bottom is connected to one side of a fixing ring 4, the other side of the fixing ring 4 is connected to one end of a bottom bracket 5, and the other end of the bottom bracket 5 is connected to one end of the water environment monitoring box 3; one end of the support rod 1 close to the top is connected to one end of a top bracket 21, and the other end of the top bracket 21 is a measuring end 22; the bottom of the solar radiometer 31 is connected to the top of the measuring end 22, and the top of the remote sensing multi-spectrometer 32 is connected to the bottom of the measuring end 22. The bottom bracket 5 comprises a bottom horizontal bracket 51 and a bottom vertical bracket 52, one side of the bottom vertical bracket 52 is connected to one side of the fixing ring 4, the other side of the bottom vertical bracket 52 is vertically connected to one end of the bottom horizontal bracket 51, and the bottom of the bottom horizontal bracket 51 is connected to the top of the water environment monitoring box 3. The fixing ring 4 includes a first fixing ring 41 and a second fixing ring 42, wherein the first fixing ring 41 is connected to one end of the bottom vertical bracket 52 near the top, and the second fixing ring 42 is connected to one end of the bottom vertical bracket 52 near the bottom. The bottom vertical bracket 52 is provided with a plurality of universal balls 53 at a position between the first fixing ring 41 and the second fixing ring 42, and one side of the universal balls 53 is connected to one side of the support rod 1. The top of the bottom horizontal bracket 51 is connected to one end of the connecting wire 6, and the other end of the connecting wire 6 is wound around the electric roller 61, and one end of the electric roller 61 is connected to one end of the support rod 1. Preferably, a plurality of through holes are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the water environment monitoring box 3, and an Internet of Things self-cleaning probe is provided in the water environment monitoring box 3, and the Internet of Things self-cleaning probe can monitor the pH value, chlorophyll a, suspended matter, and colored soluble organic matter of the water body 9.

[0080] When in use, the fixing ring 4 fixes the bottom bracket 5 and the support rod 1, so that the water environment monitoring box 3 is fixed to the support rod 1, so that the water environment monitoring box 3 can measure the initial water quality parameters, the solar radiometer 31 is fixed on the measuring end 22, so that the solar radiometer 31 can measure the solar radiation data, and the remote sensing multi-spectrometer 32 faces the surface of the water body 9, so that the remote sensing multi-spectrometer 32 can measure the initial multi-spectral data; when the water environment monitoring box 3 needs to move upward, the electric roller 61 is first rotated to make the connecting wire 6 wrap around the electric roller 61, and then the other end of the connecting wire 6 drives the bottom cross bracket 51 to move upward, and then the bottom cross bracket 51 drives the water environment monitoring box 3 to move upward movement; when the water environment monitoring box 3 needs to move downward, the electric roller 61 is first rotated to release the connecting wire 6 from the electric roller 61, thereby providing space for the bottom horizontal bracket 51 to move downward, and then the bottom horizontal bracket 51 drives the water environment monitoring box 3 to move downward under the action of gravity until the connecting wire 6 is tightened; in the aforementioned process, the universal ball 53 rotates to reduce the friction between the bottom vertical bracket 52 and the support rod 1, so that the bottom vertical bracket 52 moves smoothly; the first fixing ring 41 and the second fixing ring 42 respectively fix the two ends of the bottom vertical bracket 52, so that the connection between the bottom vertical bracket 52 and the support rod 1 is stable, so that the water environment monitoring box 3 is stable and is not affected by the wind and waves of the water body and shakes.

[0081] Embodiment 3:

[0082] The basic content is the same as that of Example 1, except that:

[0083] See also Figure 1 — Figure 7 A terminal control box 7 is arranged at one end of the support rod 1 near the top, and a battery 71 and an analysis and transmission module are arranged in the terminal control box 7. A transmission antenna 72 is inserted at the top of the terminal control box 7. The top of the support rod 1 is vertically connected to the bottom of the thin bracket 8, and a solar panel 81 is arranged on the top of the thin bracket 8. The solar panel 81 includes a first solar panel 811 and a second solar panel 812, one side of the first solar panel 811 is connected to one side of the thin bracket 8, one side of the second solar panel 812 is connected to the other side of the thin bracket 8, and the top of the second solar panel 812 is vertical to the top of the first solar panel 811.

[0084] When in use, when sunlight shines on the first solar panel 811 or the second solar panel 812, the first solar panel 811 or the second solar panel 812 converts the sunlight into electrical energy, and the electrical energy enters the battery 71 for storage, and then the battery 71 supplies power to other components to enable the present invention to operate for a long time; the first solar panel 811 and the second solar panel 812 are placed relative to each other at an angle to achieve the best sunlight collection effect and the longest collection time, and a triangular structure is formed between the first solar panel 811, the second solar panel 812 and the thin bracket 8 to ensure a stable structure of the three.

[0085] Embodiment 4:

[0086] The basic content is the same as that of Example 1, except that:

[0087] See also Figure 1 — Fig. 9 The bottom of the support rod 1 is connected to one end of the conical large end 12, and the conical large end 12 has the same diameter as the support rod 1. The end of the conical large end 12 away from the support rod 1 is connected to one end of the conical small end 13, and the diameter of the conical small end 13 is smaller than the diameter of the conical large end 12.

[0088] When in use, the large end 12 of the cone is connected to the support rod 1, and the small end 13 of the cone faces below the water body. The structure from the large end 12 to the small end 13 is large at the top and small at the bottom, so it is easy to fix the support rod 1 in the water body, so that the support rod 1 has a wider installation method than other shore-based equipment.

[0089] Embodiment 5:

[0090] The basic content is the same as that of Example 1, except that:

[0091] See also Figure 1 — Fig. 9 In the third step, the water quality parameters include chlorophyll concentration (Chlorophyll), suspended matter concentration (TSS), etc. For example, when establishing the relationship between chlorophyll concentration (Chlorophyll) and suspended matter concentration (TSS) and the reflectance of a single band (such as a blue light band, a near-infrared light band), through machine learning methods such as linear regression, polynomial regression, support vector machine regression, random forest or neural network, the following standard spectral correction model can be listed:

[0092]

[0093] In the standard spectral correction model: R Blue is the reflectivity of the blue light band, a1 is the regression model coefficient, C chl is the chlorophyll concentration, b1 is the regression model coefficient, C TSSis the suspended matter concentration, c1 is the regression model offset, R NIR is the reflectivity of the near-infrared band, a2 is the regression model coefficient, b2 is the regression model coefficient, and c2 is the regression model offset;

[0094] The above model is an example. After obtaining a large amount of water quality parameters, solar radiation data and multi-spectral data, the most appropriate machine learning method is used to finally fit the relationship between the reflectance of each band and multiple water quality parameters (such as chlorophyll, turbidity, temperature, etc.).

[0095] In the sixth step, for example, when calculating the water quality correction factor, the suspended matter concentration C under sunny conditions TSS1 The suspended matter concentration C under cloudy conditions is 10 mg / L. TSS2 is 50 mg / L, and then the concentration of suspended matter C TSS2 Substitute it into the standard spectrum correction model to obtain the theoretical multispectral reflectance data R s , and then obtain the theoretical multispectral reflectance data R s The ratio of the actual multispectral reflectance data R is the water quality correction factor. When calculating the solar radiation factor, it is assumed that the solar radiation under sunny conditions is 1000 watts per square meter and the solar radiation under cloudy conditions is 500 watts per square meter. The solar radiation correction factor is 1000 watts per square meter divided by 500 watts per square meter, so the solar radiation correction factor is 2.

[0096] In the fifth step, assuming that the water quality correction factor is 1.3, the solar radiation correction factor is 2, and the actual multispectral reflectance data R is 0.25, the multiplication of the three is the corrected multispectral reflectance data 0.65; the aforementioned multiplication includes multiplication and multiplication-related algorithms.

[0097] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any equivalent modifications or changes made by ordinary technicians in this field based on the contents disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope recorded in the claims.

Claims

1. An all-weather spectral positioning measurement method for aquatic ecological environment, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: first monitor the water body (9) to obtain initial water quality parameters, solar radiation data and initial multi-spectral data of the water body (9); Step 2: First pre-process the initial water quality parameters to obtain the water quality parameters; then pre-process the initial multispectral data to obtain the multispectral data, and then calculate the ratio of the target reflection amplitude intensity in the multispectral data to the incident radiation intensity in the solar irradiance data to obtain the multispectral reflectance data; Step 3: First, based on the solar radiation data, select water quality parameters and multispectral reflectance data under normal light intensity conditions on sunny days in real time, and then introduce linear regression, polynomial regression, support vector machine regression, random forest or neural network to establish a standard spectral correction model corresponding to the spectral reflectance of each band in the multispectral reflectance data and the water quality parameters; Step 4: First collect the actual water quality parameters, actual solar radiation data and actual multispectral reflectance data under different weather conditions, then use the actual water quality parameters under different weather conditions to bring them into the standard spectrum correction model to obtain the theoretical multispectral reflectance data, and then find the ratio of the theoretical multispectral reflectance data to the actual multispectral reflectance data, that is, to obtain the water quality correction factor, and use the solar radiation data under sunny conditions to divide the actual solar radiation data under different weather conditions to obtain the solar radiation correction factor; Step 5: Multiply the standard spectrum correction model with the water quality correction factor and the solar radiation correction factor to obtain the all-weather spectrum correction model; Step 6: First, add the water quality parameters monitored in real time under different water quality conditions to the all-weather spectral correction model, and then the all-weather spectral correction model outputs the corrected multispectral reflectance data.

2. A device for the all-weather spectral positioning measurement method of the water ecological environment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The device comprises a support rod (1), a water environment monitoring box (3), a solar radiometer (31) and a remote sensing multi-spectrometer (32); one end of the support rod (1) close to the bottom is connected to one side of a fixing ring (4), the other side of the fixing ring (4) is connected to one end of a bottom bracket (5), and the other end of the bottom bracket (5) is connected to one end of the water environment monitoring box (3); one end of the support rod (1) close to the top is connected to one end of a top bracket (21), and the other end of the top bracket (21) is a measuring end (22); The bottom of the solar radiometer (31) is connected to the top of the measuring end (22), and the top of the remote sensing multi-spectrometer (32) is connected to the bottom of the measuring end (22).

3. The device for all-weather spectral positioning measurement method of aquatic ecological environment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The bottom bracket (5) comprises a bottom transverse bracket (51) and a bottom vertical bracket (52), one side of the bottom vertical bracket (52) is connected to one side of the fixing ring (4), the other side of the bottom vertical bracket (52) is vertically connected to one end of the bottom transverse bracket (51), and the bottom of the bottom transverse bracket (51) is connected to the top of the water environment monitoring box (3).

4. The device for all-weather spectral positioning measurement method of aquatic ecological environment according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The fixing ring (4) comprises a first fixing ring (41) and a second fixing ring (42); the first fixing ring (41) is connected to an end of the bottom vertical bracket (52) close to the top, and the second fixing ring (42) is connected to an end of the bottom vertical bracket (52) close to the bottom.

5. The device for all-weather spectral positioning measurement method of aquatic ecological environment according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of universal balls (53) are provided on the portion of the bottom vertical bracket (52) located between the first fixing ring (41) and the second fixing ring (42), and one side of the universal balls (53) is connected to one side of the support rod (1).

6. The device for all-weather spectral positioning measurement method of aquatic ecological environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the bottom cross bracket (51) is connected to one end of a connecting steel wire (6), the other end of the connecting steel wire (6) is wound around an electric roller (61), and one end of the electric roller (61) is connected to one end of a support rod (1).

7. The device for all-weather spectral positioning measurement method of aquatic ecological environment according to claim 2 is characterized by: A terminal control box (7) is arranged on one end of the support rod (1) close to the top, a storage battery (71) and an analysis transmission module are arranged in the terminal control box (7), and a transmission antenna (72) is inserted into the top of the terminal control box (7).

8. The device for all-weather spectral positioning measurement of aquatic ecological environment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the support rod (1) is vertically connected to the bottom of the thin bracket (8), and a solar panel (81) is arranged on the top of the thin bracket (8).

9. The device for all-weather spectral positioning measurement method of aquatic ecological environment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The solar panel (81) comprises a first solar panel (811) and a second solar panel (812); one side of the first solar panel (811) is connected to one side of the thin bracket (8); one side of the second solar panel (812) is connected to the other side of the thin bracket (8); and the top of the second solar panel (812) is perpendicular to the top of the first solar panel (811).

10. The device for all-weather spectral positioning measurement method of aquatic ecological environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the support rod (1) is connected to one end of the conical large end (12), the conical large end (12) and the support rod (1) have the same diameter, and the end of the conical large end (12) away from the support rod (1) is connected to one end of the conical small end (13), and the diameter of the conical small end (13) is smaller than the diameter of the conical large end (12).

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