Battery risk early warning management and control system and method

Abstract

The invention provides a battery risk early warning management and control system, which relates to the technical field of battery risk prevention management and control and comprises a weak grating temperature sensor, a weak grating vibration sensor, an optical fiber grating hydrogen concentration sensor, an optical fiber signal demodulator, a gas filling module, a gas pressure detection module, a risk early warning module, a remote terminal and a management and control module. The weak grating temperature and vibration sensor and the fiber bragg grating hydrogen concentration sensor are used for sensing the temperature, the vibration condition and the released hydrogen concentration generated due to the abnormal safety and health state of the battery in the battery pack, the risk early warning module carries out early warning reminding according to risk data, and the gas filling module is used for filling nitrogen into the battery pack. And when the gas pressure detection module detects that the air pressure in the battery pack exceeds the standard, the lead seal automatically falls off. According to the system, the inert gas is filled into the battery pack, and the battery temperature, the vibration condition and the hydrogen concentration are monitored in real time by virtue of the sensor to perform risk management and control, so that the battery is effectively prevented from fire explosion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery risk prevention and control, and in particular to a battery risk early warning control system and method. Background Art

[0002] Electrochemical battery energy storage power stations are composed of multiple battery cells forming a battery cluster, which are then assembled into a battery pack, and then into an energy storage battery box. The quality of the battery is the most critical factor in the safety of the electrochemical energy storage power station. If the battery is heated, bulged, or damaged due to the increase in temperature, resulting in the release of flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen and methane, it may cause the battery to explode, causing the battery module or even the entire energy storage box to cause a fire and explosion in the entire energy storage power station.

[0003] However, it has been proven that the existing battery management (BMS) technology has technical defects and cannot provide real-time and accurate battery temperature and temperature rise rate, cannot provide risk warnings for battery overheating, and cannot prevent battery fire and explosion. Therefore, it is very necessary to design a battery risk management system and method. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a battery risk early warning management system and method, so as to realize real-time monitoring of the battery through a weak grating sensor, and prevent the battery from catching fire and exploding by maintaining the gas pressure balance of the battery pack.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: A battery risk early warning control system comprises: a weak grating temperature detection module, a weak grating vibration detection module, a fiber Bragg grating gas concentration detection module, a fiber signal demodulator, a gas filling module, a gas pressure detection module, an early warning module, a remote terminal and a control module; the weak grating temperature detection module, the weak grating vibration detection module and the fiber Bragg grating gas concentration detection module are all connected to the fiber signal demodulator, and the fiber signal demodulator, the gas filling module, the gas pressure detection module, the early warning module and the remote terminal are all connected to the control module; The weak grating temperature detection module includes an optical fiber and a plurality of weak grating temperature sensors engraved on the optical fiber; the optical fiber is connected to the optical fiber signal demodulator, and the weak grating temperature sensor is arranged inside the battery pack; the spacing of the weak grating temperature sensors is 10 cm longer than the spacing of the battery pack; the weak grating temperature sensor is used to sense the real-time temperature of the battery pack; The weak grating vibration detection module includes an optical fiber and a plurality of weak grating vibration sensors inscribed on the optical fiber; the optical fiber is connected to an optical fiber signal demodulator, and the weak grating vibration sensor is arranged on the surface of the battery pack; the spacing between the weak grating vibration sensors is the same as the spacing between the weak grating temperature sensors, and the spacing between the weak grating temperature sensors is 5 cm; the weak grating vibration sensor is used to sense the micro-vibration of the battery pack; The fiber Bragg grating gas concentration detection module includes an optical fiber and a plurality of fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensors connected in series to the optical fiber; the optical fiber is connected to a fiber signal demodulator, and the fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensor is arranged inside the battery pack; the fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensor is used to detect the concentration of hydrogen, methane and hydrogen fluoride gases inside the battery pack; The fiber optic signal demodulator is used to demodulate the optical signals of the weak grating temperature sensor, the weak grating vibration sensor and the fiber grating gas concentration sensor into electrical signals; the gas filling module is used to fill the battery pack with inert gas; the gas pressure detection module is used to detect the gas pressure inside the battery pack; the management and control module has a built-in judgment unit, which is used to generate different levels of warning information based on the detection data of the fiber optic signal demodulator and the gas pressure detection module; the gas filling module has a built-in air pressure balance unit, which is used to fill the battery pack with nitrogen and exhaust the air, and the air pressure balance unit is used to control the air pressure balance unit to fill with nitrogen when the gas pressure inside the battery pack is greater than the preset pressure threshold.

[0006] Optionally, the optical fiber signal demodulator is built with a photodetector and a detection module; the photodetector is used to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, and the detection module is used to perform data analysis on the electrical signal to obtain the detection results; the detection results include: the temperature, vibration signal and gas concentration content of the battery module; the vibration signal includes the vibration amplitude and vibration frequency.

[0007] A battery risk early warning control method comprises the following steps: Obtaining the status optical signal of the battery module; the status optical signal includes: the battery module temperature optical signal, the battery module vibration amplitude optical signal, the battery module vibration frequency optical signal and the battery module gas concentration optical signal; The state optical signal is converted into photoelectricity, and the state data is obtained through software analysis and calculation; Generate different levels of warning information based on status data and gas pressure inside the battery pack.

[0008] Optionally, a composite judgment is made based on the status data and the gas pressure inside the battery pack to generate different levels of warning information, including: When the battery module temperature exceeds the preset temperature threshold, a four-level warning message is generated; When the battery module temperature exceeds the preset temperature threshold and the battery module vibration amplitude and the battery module vibration frequency exceed the preset amplitude threshold and frequency threshold respectively, a third-level warning message is generated; When any two of the battery module temperature, battery module vibration amplitude, battery module vibration frequency and battery pack internal gas pressure exceed the corresponding thresholds, and the hydrogen concentration in the gas concentration exceeds the preset concentration threshold, a secondary warning message is generated; When any three of the battery module temperature, battery module vibration amplitude, battery module vibration frequency, battery pack internal gas pressure and hydrogen concentration exceed the corresponding thresholds, a first-level warning message is generated.

[0009] Optionally, different control methods are adopted according to the generation of different levels of warning information, including: When the fourth-level warning information is generated, the temperature rise rate of the battery module is monitored in real time; When a level 3 warning message is generated, if the temperature rise rate of the battery module exceeds the rate of 5°C per minute, the battery module will be disabled; When a level 2 warning message is generated, the battery module is removed and moved to a safe area; When a level one warning message is generated, nitrogen is filled into the battery pack.

[0010] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: a battery risk early warning and control system, comprising: a weak grating temperature detection module, a weak grating vibration detection module, a fiber grating gas concentration detection module, a fiber optic signal demodulator, a gas filling module, a gas pressure detection module, an early warning module, a remote terminal and a control module; the weak grating temperature detection module, the weak grating vibration detection module and the fiber optic Bragg grating gas concentration detection module are all connected to the fiber optic signal demodulator, and the fiber optic signal demodulator, the gas filling module, the gas pressure detection module, the early warning module and the remote terminal are all connected to the control module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0012] Figure 1 A diagram of a battery risk early warning management and control system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an internal structure diagram of a battery risk early warning management and control system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a battery risk early warning control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Figure numerals: 1. weak grating temperature detection module; 11. weak grating temperature sensor; 2. weak grating vibration detection module; 21. weak grating vibration sensor; 3. fiber grating gas concentration detection module; 31. fiber grating gas concentration sensor; 4. fiber optic signal demodulator; 41. photodetector; 42. data analysis unit; 5. gas filling module; 6. gas pressure detection module; 7. early warning module; 8. remote terminal; 9. management and control module; 10. optical fiber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0016] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery risk early warning control system, including: a weak grating temperature detection module 1, a weak grating vibration detection module 2, a fiber Bragg grating gas concentration detection module 3, a fiber signal demodulator 4, a gas filling module 5, a gas pressure detection module 6, an early warning module 7, a remote terminal 8 and a control module 9; the weak grating temperature detection module 1, the weak grating vibration detection module 2 and the fiber Bragg grating gas concentration detection module 3 are all connected to the fiber signal demodulator 4, and the fiber signal demodulator 4, the gas filling module 5, the gas pressure detection module 6, the early warning module 7 and the remote terminal 8 are all connected to the control module 9; The optical fiber signal demodulator 4 is used to demodulate the optical signals of the weak grating temperature detection module 1, the weak grating vibration detection module 2 and the optical fiber grating gas concentration detection module 3 into electrical signals; the gas filling module 5 is used to fill the stability gas into the battery pack; the gas pressure detection module 6 is used to detect the gas pressure inside the battery pack; the management and control module 9 has a built-in judgment unit, which is used to generate different levels of warning information based on the detection data of the optical fiber signal demodulator 4 and the gas pressure detection module 6; the gas filling module 5 has a built-in air pressure balance unit, which is used to perform a gas release operation when the gas pressure inside the battery pack is greater than a preset pressure threshold.

[0017] The internal structure of this embodiment is shown in the figure Figure 2As shown. The weak grating temperature detection module 1 includes an optical fiber 10 and a plurality of weak grating temperature sensors 11 inscribed on the optical fiber 10; the optical fiber 10 is connected to the optical fiber signal demodulator 4, and the weak grating temperature sensor 11 is arranged on the surface of the battery pack to sense the temperature of the battery pack; the spacing between the weak grating temperature sensors 11 is 10 cm longer than the spacing between the batteries.

[0018] It should be noted that each weak grating temperature sensor 11 is arranged inside the battery pack to ensure that it can accurately sense the temperature inside the battery pack. The weak grating temperature sensors 11 in all batteries in each energy storage battery box are engraved on an optical fiber 10 using a femtosecond laser, and one end of the optical fiber 10 is connected to the optical fiber signal demodulator 4 through an optical fiber connector to ensure effective transmission of the optical signal.

[0019] It is understandable that the weak grating temperature sensor 11 has high sensitivity and high precision and can accurately monitor temperature changes. The real-time transmission characteristics of the optical fiber 10 enable the system to continuously monitor the battery temperature, that is, to achieve long-distance signal transmission, increase data transmission speed, and improve the system's anti-interference ability.

[0020] Specifically, the weak grating vibration detection module 2 includes an optical fiber 10 and a plurality of weak grating vibration sensors 21 engraved on the optical fiber 10; the optical fiber 10 is connected to the optical fiber signal demodulator 4, and the weak grating vibration sensor 21 is arranged on the surface of the battery pack to monitor the micro-vibration of the battery pack; the spacing between the weak grating vibration sensors 21 is the same as the spacing between the weak grating temperature sensors 11, and the spacing between the weak grating temperature sensors 11 is 5 cm.

[0021] It should be noted that the weak grating vibration sensor 21 is directly pasted or fixed on the outer surface of the battery pack and is engraved on the same optical fiber 10 as the weak grating temperature sensor 11. When the weak grating vibration sensor 21 is subjected to external vibration or mechanical strain, the microstructure of the optical fiber 10 will change, causing the reflection wavelength of the grating to shift. This change in wavelength is related to the amplitude and frequency of the vibration. By analyzing the change in the reflection wavelength, the amplitude and frequency of the vibration can be accurately measured.

[0022] It can be understood that the weak grating vibration sensor 21 has high sensitivity and accuracy, can detect small vibration changes, and ensure the reliability of data. It is also not subject to electromagnetic interference and can work stably in an environment with severe electromagnetic noise. It also has corrosion resistance and waterproof properties, low maintenance requirements, and reduces operating costs.

[0023] Specifically, the fiber grating gas concentration detection module 3 includes an optical fiber 10 and a plurality of fiber grating gas concentration sensors 31 connected in series to the optical fiber 10; the optical fiber 10 is connected to the optical fiber signal demodulator 4, and the fiber grating gas concentration sensor 31 is arranged inside the battery pack; the fiber grating gas concentration sensor 31 is used to detect the concentration of hydrogen, methane and hydrogen fluoride gases inside the battery pack.

[0024] It should be noted that the fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensor 31 generates different optical signals according to the light absorption characteristics of different gases, and the optical signals reflect the gas concentrations of different gases in the sealed battery pack. The fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensors 31 in the battery packs of each energy storage battery box are connected in series by a single optical fiber 10. Each optical fiber 10 and each fiber Bragg grating gas concentration sensor 31 has a corresponding serial number, and the location of the battery pack where the gas leak occurs can be quickly determined by the serial number.

[0025] Specifically, the fiber optic signal demodulator 4 has a certain bandwidth and sensitivity, and is used to capture the wavelength changes reflected by the weak grating sensor. It has a built-in photodetector 41 and a data analysis unit 42; the photodetector 41 is used to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, and the data analysis unit 42 is used to perform data analysis on the electrical signal to obtain the detection results; the detection results include: the temperature, vibration amplitude, vibration frequency and concentration content of various gases of the battery module.

[0026] It should be noted that the optical fiber 10 engraved with the weak grating temperature sensor 11 and the weak grating vibration sensor 21 are connected to the same optical fiber signal demodulator 4, and the optical fiber 10 connected in series with the optical fiber grating gas concentration sensor 31 is connected to another optical fiber signal demodulator 4, and the two modulators respectively demodulate different optical signals.

[0027] Specifically, the gas filling module 5 and the gas pressure detection module 6 are both arranged inside the battery pack, and the gas filling module 5 includes a nitrogen filling unit and a sealing unit. The nitrogen filling unit is used to fill the battery pack with nitrogen to delay the oxidation aging of the battery by isolating oxygen, and to prevent the battery from overheating and releasing flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen and methane to cause explosion and combustion, thereby effectively preventing the problem of battery explosion.

[0028] It should be noted that the sealing unit consists of an inflation port and a lead seal. When the management and control module 9 detects that the gas pressure in the battery pack rises to 0.1Mpa through the gas pressure detection module 6, the lead seal is controlled to fall off and the gas inside the battery pack is discharged to prevent the battery explosion caused by excessive internal pressure in the battery pack.

[0029] Specifically, the control module 9 processes the monitoring data of different weak grating sensors in real time, generates different warning information by comparing the results with their respective preset thresholds, and controls the warning module 7 to sound and light alarm according to the warning information. All monitoring data and warning information can also be wirelessly transmitted to the remote terminal 8 for visual display.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a battery risk early warning management method, including the following steps: Step 100: Acquire the state optical signal of the battery module; the state optical signal includes: the battery module temperature optical signal, the battery module vibration amplitude optical signal, the battery module vibration frequency optical signal and the battery module gas concentration optical signal; Step 200: Perform photoelectric conversion on the state optical signal, and obtain state data through software analysis and calculation; Specifically, different state optical signals are converted into corresponding electrical signals through photoelectric conversion, and then the electrical signals are filtered, smoothed and denoised to obtain detection data corresponding to different electrical signals.

[0031] More specifically, the battery vibration amplitude is calculated as: ; Where A is the vibration amplitude, C is a constant, k is the sensitivity of the weak grating vibration sensor 21, is a specific wavelength, is the central reflection wavelength. In this embodiment, the specific wavelength is 16 pm / µε.

[0032] The specific steps of obtaining the battery vibration frequency in this embodiment are: performing fast Fourier transform on the electrical signal of the battery vibration frequency to obtain a frequency domain signal, and taking the main vibration frequency corresponding to the peak position of the frequency domain signal as the battery vibration frequency.

[0033] Step 300: Generate different levels of warning information according to the status data and the gas pressure inside the battery pack.

[0034] Specifically, when the temperature of the battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold, a level 4 warning message is generated; the preset temperature threshold in this embodiment is 40°C; When the battery module temperature exceeds the preset temperature threshold and the battery module vibration amplitude and the battery module vibration frequency exceed the preset amplitude threshold and frequency threshold respectively, a third-level warning information is generated; the preset amplitude threshold of this embodiment is 2g (acceleration), and the preset frequency threshold is 200Hz.

[0035] When any two of the battery module temperature, battery module vibration amplitude, battery module vibration frequency and battery pack internal gas pressure exceed the corresponding thresholds, and the hydrogen concentration in the gas concentration exceeds the preset concentration threshold, a secondary warning information is generated; the preset pressure threshold of this embodiment is 0.1Mpa, and the preset concentration thresholds include hydrogen concentration threshold, methane concentration threshold and hydrogen fluoride concentration threshold, which are 4%, 5% and 50ppm respectively.

[0036] When any three of the battery module temperature, battery module vibration amplitude, battery module vibration frequency, battery pack internal gas pressure and hydrogen concentration exceed the corresponding thresholds, a first-level warning message is generated.

[0037] Specifically, different control methods are adopted according to the different levels of early warning information generated, including: When receiving the level 4 warning information, the temperature rise rate of the battery module is monitored in real time; When receiving the third-level warning information, if the temperature rise rate of the battery module exceeds the rate of temperature rise of 5°C per minute, the battery module will be disabled; When receiving the Level 2 warning information, the battery module will be removed and transferred to a safe area for safe disposal; When the first-level warning information is received, a large amount of nitrogen is pumped into the battery pack, battery cluster, and container in a timely manner to prevent explosion accidents.

[0038] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The use of weak grating sensors improves the data transmission speed, sensitivity and accuracy of the system, and also improves the system's anti-interference ability; 2. Numbering the gas concentration sensors can quickly determine the location of the battery pack where the gas leak occurs, so that rapid processing can be carried out, greatly improving the safety of battery storage; 3. By filling nitrogen to isolate oxygen, the oxidation and aging of the battery are delayed, and the explosion and combustion problems caused by the overheating of the battery and the release of flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen and methane are effectively prevented.

[0039] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0040] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery risk early warning management and control system, characterized in that: include: A weak grating temperature detection module, a weak grating vibration detection module, a fiber Bragg grating gas concentration detection module, a fiber signal demodulator, a gas filling module, a gas pressure detection module, an early warning module, a remote terminal and a control module; the weak grating temperature detection module, the weak grating vibration detection module and the fiber Bragg grating gas concentration detection module are all connected to the fiber signal demodulator, and the fiber signal demodulator, the gas filling module, the gas pressure detection module, the early warning module and the remote terminal are all connected to the control module; The fiber optic signal demodulator is used to demodulate optical signals into electrical signals; the gas filling module is used to fill the interior of the battery pack with inert gas; the gas pressure detection module is used to detect the internal gas pressure of the battery pack; the management and control module is equipped with a judgment unit, which is used to generate different levels of warning information based on the detection data of the fiber optic signal demodulator and the gas pressure detection module; the gas filling module is equipped with a gas pressure balance unit, which is used to fill nitrogen when the internal gas pressure of the battery pack is greater than a preset pressure threshold.

2. The battery risk early warning management and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical fiber signal demodulator is built with a photoelectric detector and a detection module; The photoelectric detector is used to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, and the detection module is used to perform data analysis on the electrical signal to obtain a detection result; the detection result includes: the temperature, vibration signal and gas concentration content of the battery module; the vibration signal includes vibration amplitude and vibration frequency.

3. The battery risk early warning management and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weak grating temperature detection module includes an optical fiber and a plurality of weak grating temperature sensors engraved on the optical fiber; the optical fiber is connected to the optical fiber signal demodulator, and the weak grating temperature sensor is arranged inside the battery pack; the spacing between the weak grating temperature sensors is 10 cm longer than the spacing between the battery packs; the weak grating temperature sensor is used to sense the real-time temperature of the battery pack.

4. The battery risk early warning management and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weak grating vibration detection module includes the optical fiber and a plurality of weak grating vibration sensors engraved on the optical fiber; the optical fiber is connected to the optical fiber signal demodulator, and the weak grating vibration sensor is arranged on the surface of the battery pack; the spacing between the weak grating vibration sensors is the same as the spacing between the weak grating temperature sensors, and the spacing between the weak grating temperature sensors is 5 cm; the weak grating vibration sensor is used to sense the micro-vibration of the battery pack.

5. The battery risk early warning management and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber grating gas concentration detection module includes the optical fiber and a plurality of fiber grating gas concentration sensors connected in series to the optical fiber; the optical fiber is connected to the optical fiber signal demodulator, and the fiber grating gas concentration sensor is arranged inside the battery pack; the fiber grating gas concentration sensor is used to detect the concentration of hydrogen, methane and hydrogen fluoride gases inside the battery pack.

6. A battery risk early warning control method, applied to the battery risk early warning control system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: Acquire the state optical signal of the battery module; the state optical signal includes: the battery module temperature optical signal, the battery module vibration amplitude optical signal, the battery module vibration frequency optical signal and the battery module gas concentration optical signal; Performing photoelectric conversion on the state optical signal, and obtaining state data through software analysis and calculation; Different levels of warning information are generated according to the status data and the gas pressure inside the battery pack.

7. The battery risk early warning control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: A composite judgment is made based on the state data and the gas pressure inside the battery pack to generate different levels of warning information, including: When the temperature of the battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold, a level 4 warning message is generated; When the temperature of the battery module exceeds a preset temperature threshold and the vibration amplitude of the battery module and the vibration frequency of the battery module exceed the preset amplitude threshold and frequency threshold respectively, a third-level warning message is generated; When any two of the battery module temperature, the battery module vibration amplitude, the battery module vibration frequency and the gas pressure inside the battery pack exceed the corresponding thresholds, and the hydrogen concentration in the gas concentration exceeds the preset concentration threshold, a secondary warning message is generated; When any three of the battery module temperature, the battery module vibration amplitude, the battery module vibration frequency, the battery pack internal gas pressure and the hydrogen concentration exceed corresponding thresholds, a first-level warning message is generated.

8. The battery risk early warning control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Different control methods are adopted according to the generation of different levels of the warning information, including: After the fourth-level warning information is generated, the temperature rise rate of the battery module is monitored in real time; After the third-level warning information is generated, if the temperature rise rate of the battery module exceeds the rate of temperature rise of 5° C. per minute, the battery module is deactivated; When the second-level warning information is generated, the battery module is removed and transferred to a safe area; After the first-level warning information is generated, nitrogen is filled into the battery pack.

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