Insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of safety materials, in particular to a heat insulation plate based on an intelligent temperature control heat management phase change material, which comprises a heating material, a heat insulation substrate material, a composite phase change material and a packaging structure, the heat insulation substrate material is composed of an organic felt material or an inorganic felt material; the composite phase change material is composed of carbon nanotubes, a phase change material, a composite additive solution, a pH regulator and an additive. The packaging structure is a packaging bag or a packaging film structure made of packaging materials. The device is mainly applied to a heat preservation device in an energy storage system, material research integrating heating and heat release is achieved under different conditions by adopting the mode of combining the controllable temperature and the phase change technology, and the heat preservation and heat insulation performance is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of safety materials, and in particular to a heat insulation board based on phase change materials for intelligent temperature control and thermal management. Background Art

[0002] Intelligent temperature regulation thermal management phase change material is an advanced composite material that can absorb or release a large amount of latent heat during the phase change process to achieve energy storage and release. The working principle of this material is as follows: when the temperature of the surrounding environment exceeds its phase change point, the material absorbs and stores heat to reduce the ambient temperature; conversely, when the ambient temperature is lower than the phase change point, the material releases the previously stored heat to increase the ambient temperature. Under extremely low temperature conditions, the material can also generate heat under low voltage to ensure that the ambient temperature is maintained at a constant level, thereby maintaining the excellent performance of the product and effectively controlling the temperature of the surrounding environment.

[0003] With the development of new energy vehicles, both winter and summer, over-cold and over-heated temperatures have a significant impact on batteries. Therefore, creating an excellent working environment is an important factor for batteries to maximize their advantages, regardless of the cold or hot seasons. At present, there is a lack of effective control measures for thermal runaway and thermal management of batteries. Battery thermal runaway is caused by multiple uncontrollable reasons. Once thermal runaway occurs, it will cause immeasurable safety accidents, and current firefighting measures cannot effectively extinguish the fire: in extremely cold conditions, the battery power cannot be efficiently used, which is the biggest disadvantage in the cold season.

[0004] The existing energy storage and heat preservation of batteries generally use aerogel structures for heat insulation. The aerogel structure sacrifices heat dissipation to maintain thermal runaway, which is not conducive to normal use and the dissipation of battery self-heating, making thermal runaway more likely. In addition, the thermal insulation performance of aerogel mainly depends on its internal nanoporous structure. In practical applications, this structure may be affected by a variety of factors, such as temperature, pressure, humidity, etc., which will cause the direction of the thermal insulation effect to deviate. When the temperature of the battery thermal runaway is too high, the aerogel structure will collapse and melt, resulting in the failure of the thermal insulation performance; at the same time, the battery will be affected in extremely cold conditions (<-5℃) and may not be able to start. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides an insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material, which can realize intelligent switching of heat absorption, energy storage and heat insulation, and improve the effect of comfortable environment.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present application provides an insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material, including a heating material, an insulation base material, a composite phase change material and a packaging structure, wherein: the heating material is composed of a conductor, a carbon nanotube and a polymer; the insulation base material is composed of an organic felt material or an inorganic felt material; the composite phase change material is composed of carbon nanotubes, a phase change material, a composite auxiliary agent solution, a pH regulator and an additive; the packaging structure is a packaging bag or a packaging film structure composed of packaging materials; the insulation base material and the composite phase change material are compositely cured to form a composite phase change structure, and then the heating material is prepared, the composite phase change structure and the heating material are sealed separately, and finally loaded into the packaging structure for overall sealing, and the insulation board is obtained after hot pressing.

[0007] Furthermore, the energy requirement for heating the material is electric heating, the voltage range is 0<U≤220V, and the temperature range is 0℃≤T≤70℃.

[0008] Furthermore, the conductor in the heating material is a metal conductor; the polymer in the heating material is one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate.

[0009] Furthermore, the organic felt material is one or more of polyester fiber felt, polyimide felt, polyurethane felt, polypropylene felt and pre-oxidized silk felt; the inorganic felt material is one or more of aerogel felt, ceramic wool felt, glass fiber felt, rock wool and glass wool felt.

[0010] Furthermore, the phase change material is one or more of crystalline hydrated salts, paraffin, fatty acids and polyols.

[0011] Furthermore, the composite auxiliary agent solution is a mixture of a composite auxiliary agent and a solvent, wherein the composite auxiliary agent is one or more of silicates, silicon oxides and silicon hydroxides; and the solvent is one or more of methyl acetate, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, water, dilute acid and dilute alkali.

[0012] Furthermore, the additives include moisturizers, thickeners and structural agents.

[0013] Furthermore, the packaging material is one or more of polyester, aluminum foil, polyethylene, nylon and cast polypropylene.

[0014] Furthermore, the phase change temperature of the composite phase change structure is 90-120°C.

[0015] Furthermore, the flame retardant temperature is greater than 1200°C and the pressure resistance is greater than 2.0Mpa.

[0016] The present application provides a heat insulation board based on an intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] This application is mainly used in the insulation device in the energy storage system. It adopts a combination of controllable temperature and phase change technology to realize the research of materials that combine heating and heat release under different conditions. It can realize heating under extremely cold temperatures and realize rapid absorption and release of energy under high temperature conditions. It has high energy density and realizes a constant temperature state. Under extremely cold conditions (-20℃), it can quickly heat up to increase the ambient temperature, giving the energy storage system an advantage. When thermal runaway occurs, it can quickly store and release heat to withstand high temperatures of more than 1600℃, and has strong thermal insulation properties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application, so that other features, purposes and advantages of this application become more obvious. The schematic embodiment drawings and their descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation on this application. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat insulation board based on an intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material provided according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a test diagram of the thermal enthalpy data of the heat insulation board in the embodiment of the present application in the simulation of the actual application scenario of the energy storage battery;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a test diagram of thermal runaway data of a heat insulation board in an actual application scenario of a simulated energy storage battery according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a test diagram of thermal runaway data of the front hot surface and the rear cold surface of the heat insulation board in the embodiment of the present application in the simulated actual application scenario of the energy storage battery;

[0023] In the figure: 1-heating material, 2-thermal insulation base material, 3-composite phase change material, 4-packaging material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0025] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0026] In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to have a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0027] In addition, some of the above terms may be used to express other meanings in addition to indicating orientation or positional relationship. For example, the term "on" may also be used to express a certain dependency or connection relationship in some cases. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] In addition, the term "plurality" shall mean two or more.

[0029] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides an insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material, including a heating material 1, an insulation base material 2, a composite phase change material 3 and a packaging structure, wherein: the heating material 1 is composed of a conductor, a carbon nanotube and a polymer; the insulation base material 2 is composed of an organic felt material or an inorganic felt material; the composite phase change material 3 is composed of carbon nanotubes, a phase change material, a composite auxiliary agent solution, a pH regulator and an additive; the packaging structure is a packaging bag or a packaging film structure composed of a packaging material 4; the insulation base material 2 and the composite phase change material 3 are compositely cured to form a composite phase change structure, and then the heating material 1 is prepared, the composite phase change structure and the heating material 1 are sealed separately, and finally loaded into the packaging structure for overall sealing, and the insulation board is obtained after hot pressing.

[0031] Specifically, the heat insulation board based on the phase change material of intelligent temperature control and thermal management provided by the embodiment of the present application is mainly used in the fields of pipeline insulation, cold chain logistics, new energy power battery, energy storage system safety, data center energy saving and safety construction. Different from the traditional aerogel series products, which reduce the impact of thermal runaway by sacrificial heat dissipation, the embodiment of the present application mainly adds a certain amount of carbon nanotubes to the phase change material for compounding, thereby enhancing the heat absorption and heat conduction capacity of the phase change material, so that the ambient temperature is always in a relatively low stable state, and can dissipate heat when the working temperature is high, and can play a heating role in a colder environment; that is, the heat insulation board can use an external power supply to heat the heating material 1 at extremely cold temperatures, thereby increasing the ambient temperature inside the heat insulation board; at relatively low temperatures, it can absorb and store heat with a higher thermal conductivity and heat capacity to prevent the further increase of the heat source temperature; at high temperatures, a large amount of heat is absorbed through the phase change of its phase change material to prevent heat transfer when thermal runaway occurs; and the porous inorganic structure left after the phase change material fails to absorb heat still plays a role in preventing heat transfer.

[0032] More specifically, in the preparation process of the insulation board based on the intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material provided in the embodiment of the present application, the insulation base material 2 is first cut and baked according to the actual application situation; then the composite phase change material 3 solution is prepared, and after the preparation is completed, the insulation base material 2 is fully immersed in the composite phase change material 3 solution, and after soaking for a period of time, it is cured to form a composite phase change structure, and sealed with the packaging material 4; then the heating material 1 is prepared, the carbon nanotubes are dispersed in the polymer solution, and the whole is coated on the conductor, and sealed with the packaging material 4; finally, the separately packaged composite phase change structure and the heating material 1 are integrally loaded into the packaging structure prepared by the packaging material 4, and the packaging structure is preferably a packaging bag, which is evacuated, and the packaging bag as a whole is hot-pressed to obtain a heat insulation board.

[0033] Furthermore, the energy requirement of the heating material 1 is electric heating, the voltage range is 0<U≤220V, and the temperature range is 0℃≤T≤70℃. The heating material 1 can be connected to an external power source, and is mainly used to heat the insulation board under extremely cold conditions, thereby increasing the storage temperature inside it. The heating voltage is preferably 5-50V, and the temperature after heating is preferably 20-50℃.

[0034] Further, the conductor in the heating material 1 is a metal conductor; the polymer in the heating material 1 is one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate. In the heating material 1, the conductor is a metal conductor, one or more of gold, silver, copper and aluminum are selected; the carbon nanotube is a single-walled carbon nanotube or a multi-walled carbon nanotube; the polymer is one or more of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

[0035] Furthermore, the organic felt material is one or more of polyester fiber felt, polyimide felt, polyurethane felt, polypropylene felt and pre-oxidized silk felt; the inorganic felt material is one or more of aerogel felt, ceramic wool felt, glass fiber felt, rock wool and glass wool felt. The heat insulation base material 2 is composed of organic felt material or inorganic felt material, mainly because it has good adsorption and certain compression resistance.

[0036] Furthermore, the phase change material is one or more of crystalline hydrated salts, paraffin, fatty acids and polyols. The use of phase change materials for heat insulation can quickly absorb or release heat, maintain the best temperature regulation state, and reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the heat source.

[0037] Furthermore, the composite auxiliary agent solution is a mixture of a composite auxiliary agent and a solvent, wherein the composite auxiliary agent is one or more of silicates, silicon oxides and silicon hydroxides; and the solvent is one or more of methyl acetate, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, water, dilute acid and dilute alkali.

[0038] Furthermore, the additives include moisturizers, thickeners and structural agents.

[0039] Specifically, the additives include moisturizers, thickeners and structural agents, which are mainly used to enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite phase change structure, maintain the state of the phase change material and strengthen the performance; the PH regulator mainly adjusts the acidity and alkalinity of the solution according to the actual solution conditions. The composite phase change material 3 solution prepared by using carbon nanotubes, phase change materials, composite auxiliary solution, PH regulator and additives as a whole can quickly conduct the heat from the heat source to the phase change material through its higher thermal conductivity and larger thermal enthalpy value under normal working conditions, which is different from the traditional thermal insulation board that cannot transmit heat due to the lower thermal conductivity and causes heat accumulation; in the embodiment of the present application, at high temperature, the composite phase change structure is stimulated to undergo phase change to absorb a large amount of heat to maintain the temperature in the system at a lower value. When the thermal insulation board absorbs a large amount of heat and fails, it can still further prevent the transfer of temperature and the spread of fire through the porous structure.

[0040] Furthermore, the packaging material 4 is one or more of polyester, aluminum foil, polyethylene, nylon and cast polypropylene. In the implementation of the present application, the packaging material 4 is used to prepare the packaging structure. The packaging material 4 has certain insulation, high temperature resistance, flame retardancy and heat insulation. The packaging structure is a packaging bag, a packaging film or other packaging structure, which mainly packages and isolates the cured composite phase change structure and the heating material 1 to a certain extent to ensure its phase change characteristics.

[0041] Furthermore, the phase change temperature of the composite phase change structure is 90-120° C. The heat insulation board utilizes the characteristics of the composite phase change structure to have the performance of low-temperature heat conduction, medium-temperature heat absorption and high-temperature heat insulation. During actual application, when the isolated heat source has an abnormal temperature, at a low temperature that has not reached the phase change boundary temperature, the insulation board will conduct heat to assist the abnormal heat source in dissipating heat and prevent the temperature of the abnormal heat source from gradually rising to the self-heating stage; when the abnormal heat source has thermal runaway and the temperature reaches the phase change point of the composite phase change structure 1 of the insulation board, the composite phase change structure begins to undergo phase change and solid-gas conversion occurs, which will rapidly absorb heat, insulate, disperse, and discharge heat. The heat is slowly released through the carbon nanotube tunnel with the gas to maintain the temperature balance of the system, and the rest continues to play an auxiliary role in heat conduction to block the spread of heat; when the insulation board absorbs heat to a critical value and the temperature continues to rise, after the composite phase change structure 1 continues to phase change and absorbs heat, it gradually undergoes process catalytic conversion to generate a network structure crystal. Under continuous high temperature, the residual material is further converted into a porous structure crystal structure, which continues to play an insulating role to prevent the spread of fire.

[0042] Furthermore, the flame retardant temperature is greater than 1200°C, and the withstand pressure is greater than 2.0Mpa. The heat insulation board as a whole can achieve no heat penetration for more than 1 hour under high temperature conditions of 1500°C, and even after the composite phase change structure of the heat insulation board fails, it will not burn and will not produce harmful gases.

[0043] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, a DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) test was performed on the insulation board based on the intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material provided in the embodiment of the present application. The temperature starting point of the insulation board sample was 126.39°C, the ending point was 182.17°C, the peak value reached 139.9°C, and the enthalpy value was 2204 J / g. It has a high enthalpy value and can effectively absorb the heat generated by the battery due to charging and discharging, and maintain the battery temperature at a suitable operating temperature.

[0044] More specifically, a thermal runaway test is performed on the heat insulation board based on the intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material provided in the embodiment of the present application, wherein, Figure 3As shown, after 15 minutes, the average temperature of the hot surface of the insulation board sample rose to 587.55°C, and the average temperature of the cold surface rose to 200°C. Then, the average temperature of the hot surface slowly dropped to 400°C and maintained for 1.5 hours. During this period, the average temperature of the cold surface remained at around 200°C, with a maximum of 210.15°C, which is lower than the runaway temperature of the ternary lithium batteries on the market.

[0045] Table 1 Thermal runaway test results of heat insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material (I)

[0046] time Average temperature of hot surface Average temperature of cold noodles 15min 587.55℃ 182.41℃ 25min 507.36℃ 200.56℃ 40min 402.83℃ 206.04℃ 85min 404.09℃ 209.13℃ 120min 396.13℃ 210.15℃

[0047] And if Figure 4 As shown in the figure, during the battery thermal runaway test, the average temperature of the hot surface of the heat insulation board sample rose to 400°C and the average temperature of the cold surface rose to 103°C within 30 minutes, and then the average temperature of the hot surface rose to 650°C and then dropped to 400°C, and maintained for 40 minutes. During this period, the average temperature of the cold surface was always maintained at around 180°C, and the highest was only 184.4°C. It can be seen that the heat insulation board based on the intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively prevent the thermal runaway of the battery, and the overall thermal insulation performance is good.

[0048] Table 2 Thermal runaway test results of heat insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material (II)

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A heat insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material, characterized in that: It includes a heating material, a heat-insulating base material, a composite phase-change material and a packaging structure, wherein: The heating material is composed of a conductor, carbon nanotubes and a polymer; The heat-insulating base material is composed of an organic felt material or an inorganic felt material; The composite phase change material is composed of carbon nanotubes, phase change material, composite auxiliary solution, pH regulator and additives; The packaging structure is a packaging bag or packaging film structure composed of packaging materials; The heat insulating base material and the composite phase change material are compositely cured to form a composite phase change structure, and then the heating material is prepared. The composite phase change structure and the heating material are sealed separately, and finally loaded into the packaging structure for overall sealing, and the heat insulating board is obtained after hot pressing.

2. The heat insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy requirement of the heating material is electric heating, the voltage range is 0<U≤220V, and the temperature range is 0℃≤T≤70℃.

3. The heat insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conductor in the heating material is a metal conductor; the polymer in the heating material is one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate.

4. The heat insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The organic felt material is one or more of polyester fiber felt, polyimide felt, polyurethane felt, polypropylene felt and pre-oxidized silk felt; the inorganic felt material is one or more of aerogel felt, ceramic wool felt, glass fiber felt, rock wool and glass wool felt.

5. The heat insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The phase change material is one or more of crystalline hydrated salts, paraffin, fatty acids and polyols.

6. The heat insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The composite auxiliary agent solution is formed by mixing a composite auxiliary agent and a solvent, wherein the composite auxiliary agent is one or more of silicates, silicon oxides and silicon hydroxides; and the solvent is one or more of methyl acetate, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, water, dilute acid and dilute alkali.

7. The heat insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The additives include humectants, thickeners and structurants.

8. The heat insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The packaging material is one or more of polyester, aluminum foil, polyethylene, nylon and cast polypropylene.

9. The heat insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material according to claim 8, characterized in that: The phase change temperature of the composite phase change structure is 90-120°C.

10. The heat insulation board based on intelligent temperature control thermal management phase change material according to claim 9, characterized in that: Flame retardant temperature>1200℃, pressure resistance>2.0Mpa.

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