Perovskite solar cell and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method and application thereof, the perovskite solar cell comprises a cathode conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a passivation layer, an electron transport layer, a hole barrier layer and a conductive anode which are sequentially stacked, and the passivation layer comprises alkyl ammonium bromide and a cyclodextrin material. According to the perovskite solar cell, the bimolecular passivator formed by mixing the alkyl ammonium bromide and the cyclodextrin material is used for synergistically passivating the perovskite light absorption layer, so that different passivation effects can be exerted, the perovskite light absorption layer and the bimolecular passivator can mutually and synergistically exert a synergistic effect, the passivation effect is enhanced, and the service life of the perovskite solar cell is prolonged. And the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the stability of the perovskite solar cell are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of semiconductors and relates to a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As global energy consumption continues to rise, solar cells, as a typical representative of green energy, are receiving more and more attention. Among the many solar cell technologies, perovskite solar cells have gradually become a hot topic among researchers due to their excellent conversion efficiency, low manufacturing cost and simple production process. Since the first disclosure of a perovskite solar cell with an efficiency of 3.8%, its photoelectric conversion efficiency has reached 26.7% in just over a decade. However, for large-area perovskite solar modules, their photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability still lag behind those of small-area devices, which largely limits the application potential of perovskite solar cells.

[0003] In perovskite solar cells, the performance of the perovskite light-absorbing layer is the most critical factor in determining the performance of the device. The perovskite light-absorbing layer is usually prepared by solution processing. The prepared perovskite light-absorbing layer is a polycrystalline thin film, and there are often a large number of defects on the surface and inside of the grains. Large-area preparation is even more difficult to control. These defects act as non-radiative recombination centers for photogenerated carriers, resulting in non-radiative recombination losses of photogenerated carriers, reducing the short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage and fill factor of the device, thereby reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to effectively reduce the defect concentration of the perovskite light-absorbing layer to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method and application thereof. The perovskite solar cell adopts a bimolecular passivator mixed with an alkylamine bromide and a cyclodextrin material to synergistically passivate the perovskite light-absorbing layer, which not only plays a different passivation role, but also can synergistically play a synergistic role with each other, thereby enhancing the passivation effect and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0006] In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell, comprising a cathode conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorbing layer, a passivation layer, an electron transport layer, a hole blocking layer and a conductive anode stacked in sequence, wherein the passivation layer comprises alkylamine bromide and cyclodextrin materials.

[0008] Passivation is a method to effectively reduce the defect concentration of the perovskite light-absorbing layer and improve the performance of perovskite solar cells. The present invention uses alkylamine bromide and cyclodextrin materials to passivate the perovskite light-absorbing layer. The alkylamine bromide and cyclodextrin materials can not only play their own different passivation effects, but also play a synergistic role. Among them, the alkylamine bromide reacts with the excess lead iodide on the surface of the perovskite light-absorbing layer to form a stable two-dimensional BA 2 PbI 2 Br 2 Perovskite, two-dimensional perovskite has hydrophobicity, inhibits ion migration and has greater formation energy, and can be used as an insulating spacer with long-term stability. These properties help solve the instability problem of traditional 3D perovskite.

[0009] Cyclodextrin material is a supramolecule with a highly electronegative cavity, which can selectively complex with different anions / cations, and its selectivity depends on the size of the ring structure. Therefore, it can be used as a complexing agent and a phase transfer catalyst. The present invention uses cyclodextrin material as a passivating agent, which can form a host-guest complex with uncoordinated metal cations or anions on the surface of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, such as forming a host-guest complex with iodine ions in the perovskite light-absorbing layer, thereby reducing the migration of iodine ions in the perovskite light-absorbing layer, further reducing the iodine escape in the perovskite, and improving the photostability of the device.

[0010] In addition, the perovskite light-absorbing layer of hybrid halide material is an ionic soft crystal with poor stability. The device is easily affected by light, heat or electrical bias. The halogen ions therein will migrate after being activated, thereby forming halogen vacancies. Cyclodextrin materials can manage the iodine ions in the perovskite. The iodine volatilized from the perovskite can be complexed with cyclodextrin. New iodine ions formed under the action of cyclodextrin can fill the iodine vacancies in the system, reduce the generation of iodine defects, inhibit the collapse of the perovskite crystal structure, and enhance the stability of the device.

[0011] Therefore, the two passivators each played their role, reducing ion migration, effectively reducing the defect concentration on the perovskite surface, inhibiting the non-radiative recombination of photogenerated carriers, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the device.

[0012] Regarding the synergistic effect of the two passivators, on the one hand, the cyclodextrin material can interact with the amino group in the alkyl ammonium bromide, reduce the coordination rate of the alkyl ammonium bromide with the perovskite skeleton, slow down the growth of the two-dimensional perovskite crystal, and reduce the generation of other low-dimensional heterophase perovskites, thereby making the generated two-dimensional perovskite more stable and uniform; on the other hand, the cyclodextrin material can also form a complex with the bromide ions in the alkyl ammonium bromide and slowly release the bromide ions during the annealing process, making the low-dimensional perovskite film formed on the surface of the light-absorbing layer more uniform, further optimizing the passivation effect of the alkyl ammonium bromide.

[0013] Preferably, the alkyl ammonium bromide includes any one of butyl ammonium bromide, ethyl ammonium bromide or pentyl ammonium bromide or a combination of at least two thereof, preferably butyl ammonium bromide.

[0014] The butyl ammonium bromide of the present invention is a butyl-substituted ammonium bromide salt, and its structural formula is as follows:

[0015]

[0016] Preferably, the cyclodextrin material is (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin.

[0017] The cyclodextrin material of the present invention is preferably (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin. Common cyclodextrins are limited by their solubility in alcohols. They can only be dissolved in perovskite precursors as bulk passivators, and the passivation range is limited. Existing studies have shown that the shallow defect density on the surface of perovskites is much higher than that in the bulk phase, so surface passivation has an irreplaceable role. (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin is soluble in a mixture of isopropanol / ethanol / methanol and can be used as a surface passivator. Therefore, (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin has irreplaceable advantages over other similar cyclodextrins and their derivatives.

[0018] The structural formula of (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin of the present invention is:

[0019]

[0020] Preferably, the mass ratio of the alkylamine bromide to the cyclodextrin material is (1-10):(1-10), for example, 1:1, 2:5, 3:10, 1:10 or 10:1, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0021] In order to further promote the synergistic effect of the two passivators while ensuring the single effect, the present invention preferably has a mass ratio of the alkylamine bromide and the cyclodextrin material within a specific mass ratio range, thereby further improving the performance of the perovskite solar cell.

[0022] Preferably, the thickness of the passivation layer is 3-7 nm, for example, 3 nm, 5 nm or 7 nm, but is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0023] The thickness of the passivation layer of the present invention is within a preferred range, which can further ensure that the passivation agent can function properly.

[0024] Preferably, the perovskite solar cell further comprises a first etching groove P1, and the first etching groove P1 is arranged in the cathode conductive substrate.

[0025] Preferably, the perovskite solar cell further comprises a second etching groove P2, wherein the second etching groove P2 penetrates the hole transport layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, the passivation layer, the electron transport layer and the hole blocking layer.

[0026] Preferably, the perovskite solar cell further comprises a third etching groove P3, and the third etching groove P3 penetrates the conductive anode.

[0027] Preferably, the cathode conductive substrate comprises a substrate and a conductive cathode disposed on the substrate.

[0028] Preferably, the conductive cathode comprises any one of ITO, FTO or Ag nanowires, or a combination of at least two thereof.

[0029] Preferably, the substrate comprises a combination of at least two of any one of glass, silicon wafer, PET or PI.

[0030] Preferably, the hole transport layer includes but is not limited to NiO x , Cu 2 A combination of at least two of any one of O, P3HT, PTAA or Spiro-OMeTAD.

[0031] Preferably, the material of the perovskite light absorbing layer includes ABX 3 type perovskite, where A is a cesium ion (Cs + ), rubidium ions (Ru + ), methylamino (MA + ) or formamidinium + ) or a combination of at least two of them, B is a lead ion (Pb 2 + ) and / or tin ions (Sn 2 + ), X is bromide ion (Br - ), iodide ion (I - ) or chloride ion (Cl - ) or a combination of at least two of them.

[0032] Preferably, the electron transport layer comprises C60, TiO 2 SnO 2 , ZnO or PC61BM, or a combination of at least two of them.

[0033] Preferably, the hole blocking layer comprises SnO 2 and / or IZO.

[0034] Preferably, the conductive anode includes any one of Au, Ag, Cu, Pt or C electrodes or a combination of at least two thereof.

[0035] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the perovskite solar cell according to the first aspect, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0036] A hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a passivation layer, an electron transport layer, a hole blocking layer and a conductive anode are sequentially prepared on the surface of a cathode conductive substrate to obtain the perovskite solar cell.

[0037] Preferably, before preparing the hole transport layer, a first etching groove P1 is prepared by laser scribing.

[0038] Preferably, before preparing the conductive anode, laser scribing is first used to prepare the second etched groove P2.

[0039] Preferably, after preparing the conductive anode, laser scribing is used to prepare the third etching groove P3.

[0040] Preferably, the method for preparing the hole transport layer includes any one of spin coating, slit coating, inkjet printing, vacuum thermal deposition, electron beam evaporation, magnetron sputtering or atomic layer deposition.

[0041] Preferably, the method for preparing the perovskite light absorbing layer comprises: mixing a perovskite material with an organic solvent to obtain a perovskite precursor solution, and then disposing the perovskite precursor solution on the surface of the hole transport layer by spin coating, slit coating or inkjet printing.

[0042] Preferably, the method for preparing the passivation layer comprises: mixing alkylamine bromide, cyclodextrin material and organic solvent, and then disposing them on the perovskite light absorbing layer by solution spin coating, slit coating or inkjet printing, and then annealing.

[0043] The organic solvent of the present invention includes any one of DMF, DMSO, isopropanol, chloroform, ethanol or methanol, or a combination of at least two thereof.

[0044] Exemplarily, the annealing temperature is 90-110°C, such as 90°C, 100°C or 110°C, and the annealing time is 3-7min, such as 3min, 5min or 7min, but is not limited to the listed values, and other unlisted values ​​within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0045] Preferably, the method for preparing the electron transport layer includes any one of spin coating, slit coating, inkjet printing, vacuum thermal deposition, electron beam evaporation, magnetron sputtering or atomic layer deposition.

[0046] Preferably, the method for preparing the hole blocking layer includes any one of spin coating, slit coating, inkjet printing, vacuum thermal deposition, electron beam evaporation, magnetron sputtering or atomic layer deposition.

[0047] Preferably, the method for preparing the conductive anode includes any one of spin coating, slit coating, inkjet printing, vacuum thermal deposition, electron beam evaporation, magnetron sputtering or atomic layer deposition.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] (1) The present invention uses a bimolecular passivator to passivate the perovskite light-absorbing layer of the inverted perovskite solar cell. The two molecules in the passivator can not only play a passivation role separately, but also work synergistically with each other, significantly enhancing the passivation effect and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the battery.

[0050] (2) The present invention uses a bimolecular passivator to achieve higher device performance without changing the process route of the existing perovskite solar cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the perovskite light-absorbing layer described in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2a This is a surface morphology of the perovskite absorption layer described in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2b This is a surface morphology of the perovskite absorption layer described in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2c This is a surface morphology of the perovskite absorption layer described in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2d This is a surface morphology image of the perovskite absorption layer described in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 It is a defect state density diagram of the perovskite solar cell described in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 of the present invention;

[0057] Among them, 1-substrate, 2-conductive cathode, 3-electron transport layer, 4-perovskite light absorption layer, 5-passivation layer, 6-hole transport layer, 7-hole blocking layer, 8-conductive anode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by specific implementation methods. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments are only to help understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the present invention.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell. The structural schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes a substrate 1, a conductive cathode 2, a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite light absorption layer 4, a passivation layer 5, an electron transport layer 6, a hole blocking layer 7 and a conductive anode 8 stacked in sequence, wherein the passivation layer 5 includes butylamine bromide and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin in a mass ratio of 2:1;

[0061] The method for preparing the perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:

[0062] (1) Using laser to scribe an ITO glass substrate to prepare a first etched groove P1;

[0063] (2) The ITO glass substrate was scrubbed with deionized water, and then ultrasonicated with deionized water, acetone, and isopropanol for 30 min respectively;

[0064] (3) depositing a hole transport layer on the cleaned substrate, wherein the hole transport layer is made of nickel oxide;

[0065] (4) In a nitrogen glove box, weigh CsI, FAI, MAI, and PbI according to their molar ratios. 2 and PbBr 2 , dissolved in DMF and DMSO solvents with a volume ratio of 4:1 to prepare a precursor solution with a concentration of 1.0 mol / L, and a perovskite absorption layer with a thickness of 400 nm was prepared by a slit coating method. The composition of the perovskite absorption layer was Cs 0.05 MA 0.05 FA 0.9 Pb(I 0.95 Br 0.05 );

[0066] (5) dissolving butylamine bromide and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin in a mixture of isopropanol, ethanol and methanol in a volume ratio of 8:1 in a mass ratio of 2:1 to prepare a passivation solution with a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL, applying a passivation layer by slit coating, and then annealing at 100° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a passivation layer;

[0067] (6) using thermal evaporation to deposit a layer of C60 with a thickness of about 30 nm as an electron transport layer;

[0068] (7) Atomic layer deposition was used to deposit 10 nm of tin dioxide (SnO2 ) as a hole blocking layer;

[0069] (8) using laser scribing to form a second etching groove P2 that penetrates the hole transport layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, the electron transport layer, the passivation layer, and the hole blocking layer;

[0070] (9) A 150 nm thick Cu layer was deposited by thermal evaporation as the anode electrode;

[0071] (10) Laser scribing is performed again to form a third etching groove P3 that penetrates the cathode electrode layer, thereby obtaining the perovskite solar cell.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell, which is the same as that of Embodiment 1 except that the mass ratio of butyl ammonium bromide to (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin is 1:5.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell, which is the same as that of Embodiment 1 except that the mass ratio of butyl ammonium bromide to (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin is 5:1.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell, which is the same as that of Embodiment 1 except that the mass ratio of butyl ammonium bromide to (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin is 1:10.

[0078] Example 5

[0079] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell, which is the same as that of Embodiment 1 except that the mass ratio of butyl ammonium bromide to (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin is 10:1.

[0080] Example 6

[0081] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell, which is the same as that of Embodiment 1 except that the mass ratio of butyl ammonium bromide to (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin is 1:15.

[0082] Example 7

[0083] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell, which is the same as that of Embodiment 1 except that the mass ratio of butyl ammonium bromide to (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin is 15:1.

[0084] Example 8

[0085] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell, which is the same as that of Embodiment 1 except that the butyl ammonium bromide is replaced by ethyl ammonium bromide.

[0086] Example 9

[0087] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell, which is the same as that of Embodiment 1 except that the mass of the amyl ammonium bromide is replaced by .

[0088] Comparative Example 1

[0089] This comparative example provides a perovskite solar cell, which is the same as Example 1 except that it does not include a passivation layer.

[0090] Comparative Example 2

[0091] This comparative example provides a perovskite solar cell, which is the same as Example 1 except that the mass of (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin is replaced by butyl ammonium bromide so that the passivation layer only includes butyl ammonium bromide.

[0092] Comparative Example 3

[0093] This comparative example provides a perovskite solar cell, which is the same as Example 1 except that the mass of butyl ammonium bromide is replaced by (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin so that the passivation layer only includes (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin.

[0094] The surface morphology of the perovskite absorption layer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The surface morphology of the perovskite absorption layer of Comparative Example 1 is as follows: Figure 2a As shown, the surface morphology of the perovskite absorption layer of Comparative Example 2 is as follows Figure 2b As shown, the surface morphology of the perovskite absorption layer of Comparative Example 3 is as follows Figure 2c As shown, the surface morphology of the perovskite absorption layer of Example 1 is as follows Figure 2d shown.

[0095] The perovskite solar cells obtained in the above embodiments and comparative examples are used as sub-cells, and 41 sub-cells are connected in series to form a perovskite solar module, whose aperture area is 896.875 cm 2 The perovskite solar module uses a solar simulator and a digital source meter to characterize the photoelectric performance of the above embodiments and comparative examples. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0096] The space charge limited current of the above embodiments and comparative examples was characterized by a digital source meter, and the thickness of the light absorbing layer was characterized by a step profiler. The device defect state density N was calculated by data fitting. t , the calculation formula is:

[0097]

[0098] Among them, the vacuum dielectric constant ε 0 8.85×10 -14 , the relative dielectric constant ε of the perovskite light absorbing layer r is 46.9, V TFL is the defect state starting voltage, and the charge e is 8.85×10 -19 Coulomb, L is the thickness of the perovskite light-absorbing layer, which is 400nm after step gauge characterization, and the defect state density N t The calculated results are shown in Table 1.

[0099] At the same time, after the perovskite solar panels prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples were placed for 1000 hours in the ISOS-L1 test, the percentage of the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency that the device can maintain is shown in Table 1. The defect state density diagram of the perovskite solar cells described in Embodiment 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 is shown in Figure 3 shown.

[0100] Table 1

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] From Table 1, we can see the following:

[0104] (1) It can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 that the present invention uses a bimolecular passivator to further reduce the defect concentration of the perovskite absorption layer. t They are 6.1×10 15 cm -3 , 5.2×10 15 cm -3 , 5.0×10 15 cm -3 , 3.2×10 15 cm -3It can be seen that the defect state density of Example 1 is the lowest, indicating the effectiveness of the bimolecular passivation strategy adopted by the present invention. After being placed for 1000 hours by ISOS-L1 test, the efficiency of the unpassivated device is only 51% of the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency, while the device treated with bimolecular passivation can maintain 93% of the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency. It can be seen that after using the passivator, not only the stability of the device is improved, but also the life of the device is improved; in addition, the open circuit voltage, current density, fill factor and conversion efficiency of Example 1 are all improved, especially the conversion efficiency. This is because under the action of butyl ammonium bromide and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin molecules, in addition to the passivation effect of the two molecules of butyl ammonium bromide and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin themselves, (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin can also form a complex with the bromide ions in butyl ammonium bromide, and slowly release the bromide ions during the annealing process, so that the low-dimensional perovskite film formed on the surface of the light-absorbing layer is more uniform, further optimizing the passivation effect of butyl ammonium bromide.

[0105] (2) It can be seen from Example 1 and Examples 2-7 that the mass ratio of butylamine bromide and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin in the present invention changes, and the passivation effect will also change. The preferred mass ratio of butylamine bromide and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin in the present invention is (1-10): (1-10), so that the respective effects can be ensured and the synergistic effect of the two can be promoted. It can be seen from Examples 1 and Examples 8-9 that the preferred alkylamine bromide in the present invention is butylamine bromide, and the preferred (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin can be utilized. The unique molecular cavity of its supramolecule absorbs / releases iodine ions and iodine molecules, manages the iodine cycle in the perovskite, greatly reduces the escape of iodine in the perovskite, and increases the structural stability of the perovskite; at the same time, the bromide ions in (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin and butylamine bromide also undergo the above process, making the concentration of bromide ions on the perovskite surface higher. This bromide ion distribution gradient causes a built-in electric field in the perovskite, further inhibiting the movement of iodine ions and enhancing the stability of the device. Therefore, this bimolecular passivation combination has a strong synergistic promotion effect.

[0106] In summary, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method and application thereof. The perovskite solar cell adopts a bimolecular passivator mixed with alkylamine bromide and cyclodextrin material to synergistically passivate the perovskite light-absorbing layer, which not only plays a different passivation role, but also can synergistically play a synergistic role with each other, thereby enhancing the passivation effect and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0107] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention are within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: The perovskite solar cell comprises a cathode conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorbing layer, a passivation layer, an electron transport layer, a hole blocking layer and a conductive anode which are stacked in sequence, wherein the passivation layer comprises alkylamine bromide and cyclodextrin materials.

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The alkyl ammonium bromide includes any one of butyl ammonium bromide, ethyl ammonium bromide or pentyl ammonium bromide or a combination of at least two thereof, preferably butyl ammonium bromide; Preferably, the cyclodextrin material is (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin; Preferably, the mass ratio of the alkylamine bromide to the cyclodextrin material is (1-10):(1-10); Preferably, the thickness of the passivation layer is 3-7 nm.

3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The perovskite solar cell further comprises a first etching groove P1, wherein the first etching groove P1 is disposed in the cathode conductive substrate; Preferably, the perovskite solar cell further comprises a second etching groove P2, wherein the second etching groove P2 penetrates the hole transport layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, the passivation layer, the electron transport layer and the hole blocking layer; Preferably, the perovskite solar cell further comprises a third etching groove P3, and the third etching groove P3 penetrates the conductive anode.

4. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The cathode conductive substrate comprises a substrate and a conductive cathode disposed on the substrate; Preferably, the conductive cathode comprises any one of ITO, FTO or Ag nanowires or a combination of at least two thereof; Preferably, the substrate comprises a combination of at least two of any one of glass, silicon wafer, PET or PI.

5. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The hole transport layer includes but is not limited to NiO x , a combination of at least two of any one of Cu2O, P3HT, PTAA or Spiro-OMeTAD; Preferably, the material of the perovskite light-absorbing layer includes ABX3 type perovskite, wherein A is any one of cesium ion, rubidium ion, methylamine or methylamidine, or a combination of at least two of them, B is lead ion and / or tin ion, and X is any one of bromide ion, iodide ion or chloride ion, or a combination of at least two of them.

6. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The electron transport layer comprises any one of C60, TiO2, SnO2, ZnO or PC61BM or a combination of at least two thereof; Preferably, the hole blocking layer comprises SnO2 and / or IZO; Preferably, the conductive anode includes any one of Au, Ag, Cu, Pt or C electrodes or a combination of at least two thereof.

7. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: A hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a passivation layer, an electron transport layer, a hole blocking layer and a conductive anode are sequentially prepared on the surface of a cathode conductive substrate to obtain the perovskite solar cell.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Before preparing the hole transport layer, a first etched groove P1 is prepared by laser scribing; Preferably, before preparing the conductive anode, laser scribing is used to prepare the second etched groove P2; Preferably, after preparing the conductive anode, laser scribing is used to prepare the third etching groove P3.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The method for preparing the hole transport layer includes any one of spin coating, slit coating, inkjet printing, vacuum thermal deposition, electron beam evaporation, magnetron sputtering or atomic layer deposition; Preferably, the method for preparing the perovskite light absorbing layer comprises: mixing a perovskite material with an organic solvent to obtain a perovskite precursor solution, and then disposing the perovskite precursor solution on the surface of the hole transport layer by spin coating, slit coating or inkjet printing; Preferably, the method for preparing the passivation layer comprises: mixing alkylamine bromide, cyclodextrin material and organic solvent, and then disposing on the perovskite light absorbing layer by solution spin coating, slit coating or inkjet printing, and then annealing; Preferably, the method for preparing the electron transport layer includes any one of spin coating, slit coating, inkjet printing, vacuum thermal deposition, electron beam evaporation, magnetron sputtering or atomic layer deposition; Preferably, the method for preparing the hole blocking layer includes any one of spin coating, slit coating, inkjet printing, vacuum thermal deposition, electron beam evaporation, magnetron sputtering or atomic layer deposition; Preferably, the method for preparing the conductive anode includes any one of spin coating, slit coating, inkjet printing, vacuum thermal deposition, electron beam evaporation, magnetron sputtering or atomic layer deposition.

10. A solar panel, characterized in that: The solar module comprises the perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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