Middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf picking equipment, and discloses a middle and lower portion tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking, which is mainly composed of a picking part, a layering device, a conveying mechanism, a suspension rack, a servo motor and a controller, and each part is modularly designed and is convenient to disassemble and adjust. In the working state, the rotation speed of a picking part chain in the picking mechanism is matched with the speed of a picking vehicle, picking fingers on the two sides are matched to form a closed hole channel to hold tobacco stems, the picking mode of manual operation is imitated, acting force is continuously applied downwards, stems and leaves of tobacco plants are broken and fall onto a conveying roller below, and the tobacco stems and leaves are picked. The picking and collecting work of the tobacco leaves is completed. After picking is completed, the stems can exit from the hole channel area without any barrier, and damage of the picking mechanism to the tobacco stems is reduced. The device can adapt to tobacco plants of different varieties in China, mechanical tobacco leaf picking is achieved, and the labor pressure of tobacco farmers is relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf picking equipment and relates to a middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco leaf picking is a key link in tobacco production. Traditional manual picking has the advantages of high flexibility and low picking damage rate, but tobacco farmers have high labor intensity, low work efficiency, and extremely high costs. In addition, tobacco leaves mature in the hot summer, and the tobacco fields are airtight and the working environment is poor. At present, there are various problems with the existing mechanized tobacco leaf picking mechanisms in my country, and the picking damage rate is high, which cannot replace manual picking. Therefore, it is urgent to design a tobacco leaf picking mechanism to solve the problem of mechanized picking in my country and reduce the pressure on tobacco farmers.

[0003] Tobacco leaves grow around the tobacco stems, and tobacco farmers classify tobacco leaves in different positions into upper leaves, middle leaves, lower leaves, and ground leaves. In my country, flue-cured tobacco matures along the tobacco stems from bottom to top, and tobacco farmers need to pick tobacco leaves in batches according to the different seasons and the growth of tobacco leaves. This is time-consuming and laborious. When harvesting the middle and lower tobacco leaves, special attention must be paid to controlling the breakage rate of tobacco leaves, and protecting the immature upper tobacco leaves to avoid scratching the tobacco stems during picking, which affects the transmission of nutrients in the tobacco plants. Therefore, picking the middle and lower tobacco leaves is a difficult point in the mechanized picking of tobacco leaves. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention mainly focuses on the middle and lower tobacco leaves, and provides a tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking, which can realize layered harvesting from bottom to top according to the maturity law of tobacco leaves, and protect the immature upper tobacco leaves. At the same time, the picking fingers made of flexible materials have a low breakage rate and a low missed picking rate, which meets the agronomic needs.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0006] A middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking, mainly composed of a picking component, a layering device, a conveying mechanism, a hanging frame, a servo motor and a controller, each component has a modular design, and is easy to disassemble and adjust;

[0007] The picking component uses chain drive as its transmission method and is fixed to the suspension frame through an L-shaped steel pipe and a U-shaped clamp; a hole is opened in the middle of the U-shaped clamp, which is stuck on the crossbeam of the suspension frame, and one end of the L-shaped steel pipe passes through the hole thereon and is fixed by a bolt; the front and rear position of the picking component is moved by adjusting the tightness of the bolt; the fixing part is fixed to the sheet metal partition plate, and the other end of the L-shaped steel pipe is matched with the fixing part through a bearing and fixed by a bolt; the installation angle of the picking component is adjusted by adjusting the bolt, and the installation angle between the sheet metal partition plate on the picking component and the horizontal ground is 60 degrees; the picking component has a symmetrical structure as a whole, and its single-side main body is mainly composed of a pair of sprockets clamped by upper and lower sheet metal partition plates, and the picking working area is located on the tight side of the chain. ; A tensioning mechanism is installed on the sheet metal partition plate on the upper side for adjusting the tightness of the chain; a commutator is installed on the sheet metal partition plate on the upper side, and the servo motor is fixed on the movable horizontal beam on the upper part of the suspension frame. The servo motor transmits power to the picking parts via the commutator to adjust the running speed of the picking parts in real time; the flexible picking fingers are mainly composed of an inner core and an outer shell, the inner core is a metal skeleton, and the outer shell is a flexible material, and the two are fixed together by bolts; the end of the inner core is welded and fixed to the outer link of the chain to ensure that the welding angle between the flexible picking fingers and the outer link is 60 degrees, so that the flexible picking fingers remain horizontal with the ground in the working state; during the working process, the flexible picking fingers contact the tobacco leaves and continuously apply downward force to break the tobacco leaves from the connection between the stems and leaves to complete the picking of tobacco leaves;

[0008] The layerer is triangular in shape, and the outer edge is provided with steel bars for protection to prevent the sharp front end from piercing the tobacco leaves; the layerer fixes the front end of the sheet metal partition plate on the lower side, and the layerer surface is kept parallel to the ground, guiding the mature tobacco leaves to the picking work area, while separating the immature parts to the top of the picking parts, thereby realizing the layered harvesting of tobacco leaves of different maturity;

[0009] The suspension frame is used to install the picking parts, conveying mechanism, servo motor, guide vane plate and gear box, integrating the parts into a complete picking mechanism;

[0010] The guide vane is in the shape of a quarter circle, and two guide vane plates are installed at intervals and opposite to each other on the left and right sides of the front end of the suspension frame, ensuring that the angle between them and the ground is 15 degrees, and are used to guide tobacco plants of different tobacco conditions to the picking work area; the upper part of the suspension frame is connected to the picking vehicle, so that the picking mechanism moves up and down through the hydraulic rod, thereby realizing layered picking of tobacco leaves;

[0011] The conveying mechanism is installed at the bottom of the hanging frame, and the tobacco leaves picked by the picking parts fall on the conveying mechanism and are transmitted to the tobacco box at the rear for unified collection through the conveying mechanism; each side of the conveying mechanism is composed of 5 conveying rollers, and the power is transmitted through the gear box at the rear;

[0012] The servo motor is installed on the top of the suspension frame and fixed by a U-shaped clamp and bolts; the driving wheel of the servo motor is installed on the right side, and transmits power to the rod below through a chain drive; the rod continuously transmits power to the picking component through a commutator, so that the flexible picking fingers of the picking components on both sides can move synchronously; one end of the telescopic rod is fixed on the top of the suspension frame, and the other end is driven by the servo motor to adjust the front and rear position of the picking component;

[0013] The controller is used to adjust the working speed of the picking component in real time to achieve matching of the picking component with the traveling speed of the picking vehicle; before the picking vehicle works, the angle sensor feeds back the installation angle of the picking component; after the picking work starts, the friction wheel at the rear of the picking vehicle inputs the vehicle traveling speed into the controller; according to the parallelogram law, the controller calculates the corresponding sprocket rotation speed and transmits the electrical signal to the servo motor; the servo motor changes the sprocket rotation speed by adjusting the rotation speed, thereby achieving accurate matching of the picking component with the picking vehicle speed and ensuring the smooth progress of subsequent picking work.

[0014] The flexible picking fingers are designed to imitate the shape formed by the index finger and thumb in the manual picking process. A pair of flexible picking fingers form a closed circular hole with a diameter of 70 mm, which is used to hold the cigarette rod. The closed circular hole is parallel to the ground and moves obliquely downward along the chain.

[0015] The speed of the conveying roller is set at 200-260r / min, and the tobacco leaves are continuously output through the conveying mechanism.

[0016] In order to increase the friction between the tobacco leaves and the conveying rollers, multiple rows of protrusions are set on the outermost side of each conveying roller to effectively prevent the tobacco leaves from piling up.

[0017] The conveying rollers are installed in sequence from the outside to the inside at an angle. The 5 conveying rollers on one side are inclined at an angle of 15 degrees to the ground. A gap is left between every two conveying rollers to ensure that they do not interfere with each other's operation.

[0018] The picking component and the picking vehicle travel speed satisfy the following formula:

[0019] V 实际 =V 车 ×tanα÷3.6

[0020] Where: V 实际 V is the actual speed of the flexible picking finger when the picking parts speed matches, in m / s; 车 is the speed of the picking vehicle, in km / h; α is the installation angle of the picking component, in degrees.

[0021] The middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism also includes a lifting and adjusting mechanism, which is a right-angled triangle structure, one of whose right-angled sides is fixed on the top crossbeam of the suspension frame, and the other right-angled side is connected to the middle crossbeam of the suspension frame through a fixed connecting piece; a plurality of mounting holes are opened on the other right-angled side, which cooperate with the fixed connecting piece to adjust the height of the picking component.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention designs a tobacco leaf picking mechanism mainly for the middle and lower tobacco leaves by simulating the manual tobacco leaf picking process. The picking mechanism position can be adjusted according to the characteristics of my country's flue-cured tobacco varieties that mature from bottom to top along the tobacco stems to achieve layered picking of tobacco leaves. The present invention designs flexible picking fingers based on a flexible picking process, which reduces the breakage rate of tobacco leaves during picking. At the same time, the layerer and the guide plate can assist crooked tobacco plants to enter their working area, so that tobacco plants in different growth states can be picked. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the picking components in the picking mechanism.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a working diagram of the picking components in the picking mechanism.

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the guide vane structure in the picking mechanism.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the layerer in the picking mechanism.

[0028] Figure 6 This is the working principle diagram of the picking mechanism.

[0029] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the picking mechanism's guide vanes and layering device assisting the growing, crooked tobacco stems to enter the working area.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the picking work of the picking mechanism.

[0031] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the smoke leaving the work area.

[0032] In the figure: 1 lifting adjustment mechanism; 2 telescopic rod; 3 gear box; 4 first commutator; 5 conveying mechanism; 6 guide vane; 7 picking component; 8 L-type steel pipe; 9 U-type clamp; 10 suspension frame; 11 servo motor; 12 fixing part; 13 second commutator; 14 flexible picking finger; 15 outer chain link; 16 layerer; 17 tensioning mechanism; 18 sheet metal partition plate; 19 tobacco stems; 20 tobacco leaves; V1: picking vehicle travel speed; V2: picking mechanism chain rotation speed; V3: picking mechanism speed synthesis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0034] See also Figure 1 In this embodiment, a middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism is provided, which is mainly composed of a conveying mechanism 5, a guide vane 6, a picking component 7, a hanging frame 10, a servo motor 11 and a layerer 16. Among them, the layering device 16 is installed in front of the picking part 7, which can guide the tobacco plants in the picking area into the working area and transport the immature tobacco leaves to the top of the picking mechanism to achieve the layering of the tobacco leaves; the conveying mechanism 5 is located at the bottom of the picking mechanism, and each side of it is composed of 5 conveying rollers, which transport the picked tobacco leaves to the rear tobacco box for unified collection; the guide plate 6 is located on the front side of the hanging frame 10, and its function is to assist in straightening the tobacco plants with crooked growth; the picking part 7 is installed on both sides of the hanging frame 10 and is fixed to the U-shaped clamp 9 through the L-shaped tube 8. The position of the picking part 7 can be adjusted up and down, and the installation angle of the picking part can also be adjusted; the servo motor 11 is installed at the top of the hanging frame, and the power is output through the chain, which is transmitted to the first commutator 4 on both sides, and finally the power is transmitted to the driving wheel of the picking part 7, so as to realize the forced synchronization of the sprockets on both sides and regulate the speed of both sides at the same time; the hanging frame 10 is mainly used to install various components and integrate the above components into a whole. The lifting adjustment mechanism 1 can manually adjust the height of the picking mechanism; the gear box 3 is installed behind the suspension frame to transmit power to the conveying mechanism 5; the two rectangular square beams in the middle are used to install U-shaped clips to fix the picking parts.

[0035] See also Figure 2In this embodiment, a picking component in a picking mechanism is provided. The picking component transmits power through a chain drive, and a 08A chain and two sprockets with 15 teeth are selected. The working area of ​​the picking component is located at the tight side of the chain. The chain uses an outer link 15 to replace the original link. The picking fingers 14 are made of flexible materials and are fixed to the outer link 15 by bolts. The picking fingers on both sides move in a cycle with the chain. The two sides of the sprocket are clamped and fixed with a sheet metal partition plate 18, and the rear second commutator 13 is directly connected to the driving sprocket to transmit power to the driving wheel. The L-shaped tube and the fixing member 12 are fastened by bolts for the installation of the picking component. The tensioning mechanism 17 is installed above the driven wheel, and the chain is tensioned by adjusting the tightness of the bolts.

[0036] See also Figure 7 In this embodiment, a schematic diagram of the guide vane plate and the layering device of the picking mechanism assisting the tilted tobacco stems to enter the working area is provided. When tobacco stems grow under adverse conditions such as strong winds and heavy rains, the tobacco stems will grow tilted. When the work starts, the picking vehicle moves forward along the tobacco ridge, and the picking vehicle aligns with the tobacco plants. The guide vane plate 6 and the layering device 16 can straighten the tilted tobacco plants. The layering device 16 guides the tobacco plants in the picking area into the working area, and transports the immature tobacco leaves to the top of the picking mechanism to achieve layered picking of the tobacco leaves.

[0037] See also Figure 3 , 7, 8, in this embodiment, the working process and working principle of the picking mechanism are provided. When the tobacco plants are stratified by the stratifier 16, the tobacco plants in the appropriate interval are introduced into the working area. The flexible picking fingers 14 in the picking components follow the chain to continuously circulate, and the picking fingers 14 on both sides cooperate with each other to form a closed channel to embrace the tobacco plants. The moving speed V1 of the picking vehicle matches the sprocket rotation speed V2. After the speed is synthesized according to the parallelogram law, the flexible picking fingers 14 can be considered to be at a vertical downward speed V3. Then the picking fingers 14 contact the tobacco leaves, continuously exert force downward, pick the tobacco leaves, and achieve the purpose of picking. Due to the speed matching, the tobacco stems will not be violently pulled by the picking mechanism, nor will the speed be too slow, and the picking mechanism will not be able to completely pick the tobacco plants.

[0038] See also Fig. 9 In this embodiment, a schematic diagram of the tobacco plants leaving the picking mechanism is provided. When the tobacco plants are picked and exit the working area, due to speed matching, the tobacco plants can exit the working area without any obstacles, thereby reducing the damage to the tobacco stems by the picking mechanism.

Claims

1. A middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking, characterized in that: The middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking is mainly composed of picking components, a layering device, a conveying mechanism, a hanging frame, a servo motor and a controller. Each component has a modular design, which is convenient for disassembly and adjustment. The picking component uses chain drive as its transmission method and is fixed to the suspension frame through an L-shaped steel pipe and a U-shaped clamp; a hole is opened in the middle of the U-shaped clamp, which is stuck on the crossbeam of the suspension frame, and one end of the L-shaped steel pipe passes through the hole thereon and is fixed by a bolt; the front and rear position of the picking component is moved by adjusting the tightness of the bolt; the fixing part is fixed to the sheet metal partition plate, and the other end of the L-shaped steel pipe is matched with the fixing part through a bearing and fixed by a bolt; the installation angle of the picking component is adjusted by adjusting the bolt, and the installation angle between the sheet metal partition plate on the picking component and the horizontal ground is 60 degrees; the picking component has a symmetrical structure as a whole, and its single-side main body is mainly composed of a pair of sprockets clamped by upper and lower sheet metal partition plates, and the picking working area is located on the tight side of the chain. ; A tensioning mechanism is installed on the sheet metal partition plate on the upper side for adjusting the tightness of the chain; a commutator is installed on the sheet metal partition plate on the upper side, and the servo motor is fixed on the movable horizontal beam on the upper part of the suspension frame. The servo motor transmits power to the picking parts via the commutator to adjust the running speed of the picking parts in real time; the flexible picking fingers are mainly composed of an inner core and an outer shell, the inner core is a metal skeleton, and the outer shell is a flexible material, and the two are fixed together by bolts; the end of the inner core is welded and fixed to the outer link of the chain to ensure that the welding angle between the flexible picking fingers and the outer link is 60 degrees, so that the flexible picking fingers remain horizontal with the ground in the working state; during the working process, the flexible picking fingers contact the tobacco leaves and continuously apply downward force to break the tobacco leaves from the connection between the stems and leaves to complete the picking of tobacco leaves; The layerer is triangular in shape, and the outer edge is provided with steel bars for protection to prevent the sharp front end from piercing the tobacco leaves; the layerer fixes the front end of the sheet metal partition plate on the lower side, and the layerer surface is kept parallel to the ground, guiding the mature tobacco leaves to the picking work area, while separating the immature parts to the top of the picking parts, thereby realizing the layered harvesting of tobacco leaves of different maturity; The suspension frame is used to install the picking parts, conveying mechanism, servo motor, guide vane plate and gear box, integrating the parts into a complete picking mechanism; The guide vane is in the shape of a quarter circle, and two guide vane plates are installed at intervals and opposite to each other on the left and right sides of the front end of the suspension frame, ensuring that the angle between them and the ground is 15 degrees, and are used to guide tobacco plants of different tobacco conditions to the picking work area; the upper part of the suspension frame is connected to the picking vehicle, so that the picking mechanism moves up and down through the hydraulic rod, thereby realizing layered picking of tobacco leaves; The conveying mechanism is installed at the bottom of the hanging frame, and the tobacco leaves picked by the picking parts fall on the conveying mechanism and are transmitted to the tobacco box at the rear for unified collection through the conveying mechanism; each side of the conveying mechanism is composed of 5 conveying rollers, and the power is transmitted through the gear box at the rear; The servo motor is installed on the top of the suspension frame and fixed by a U-shaped clamp and bolts; the driving wheel of the servo motor is installed on the right side, and transmits power to the rod below through a chain drive; the rod continuously transmits power to the picking component through a commutator, so that the flexible picking fingers of the picking components on both sides can move synchronously; one end of the telescopic rod is fixed on the top of the suspension frame, and the other end is driven by the servo motor to adjust the front and rear position of the picking component; The controller is used to adjust the working speed of the picking component in real time to achieve matching of the picking component with the traveling speed of the picking vehicle; before the picking vehicle works, the angle sensor feeds back the installation angle of the picking component; after the picking work starts, the friction wheel at the rear of the picking vehicle inputs the vehicle traveling speed into the controller; according to the parallelogram law, the controller calculates the corresponding sprocket rotation speed and transmits the electrical signal to the servo motor; the servo motor changes the sprocket rotation speed by adjusting the rotation speed, thereby achieving accurate matching of the picking component with the picking vehicle speed and ensuring the smooth progress of subsequent picking work.

2. The middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The flexible picking fingers are designed to imitate the shape formed by the index finger and thumb in the manual picking process. A pair of flexible picking fingers form a closed circular hole with a diameter of 70 mm, which is used to hold the cigarette rod. The closed circular hole is parallel to the ground and moves obliquely downward along the chain.

3. The middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The speed of the conveying roller is set at 200-260r / min, and the tobacco leaves are continuously output through the conveying mechanism.

4. The middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In order to increase the friction between the tobacco leaves and the conveying rollers, multiple rows of protrusions are set on the outermost side of each conveying roller to effectively prevent the tobacco leaves from piling up.

5. The middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The conveying rollers are installed in sequence from the outside to the inside at an angle. The 5 conveying rollers on one side are inclined at an angle of 15 degrees to the ground. A gap is left between every two conveying rollers to ensure that they do not interfere with each other's operation.

6. The middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The picking component and the picking vehicle travel speed satisfy the following formula: V 实际 =V 车 ×tanα÷3.6 Where: V 实际 V is the actual speed of the flexible picking finger when the picking parts speed matches, in m / s; 车 is the speed of the picking vehicle, in km / h; α is the installation angle of the picking component, in degrees.

7. The middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism based on flexible picking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The middle and lower tobacco leaf picking mechanism also includes a lifting and adjusting mechanism, which is a right-angled triangle structure, one of whose right-angled sides is fixed on the top crossbeam of the suspension frame, and the other right-angled side is connected to the middle crossbeam of the suspension frame through a fixed connecting piece; a plurality of mounting holes are opened on the other right-angled side, which cooperate with the fixed connecting piece to adjust the height of the picking component.

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