Artificial cultivation method for lactarius deliciosus strain
By using a mixed matrix and a high temperature and high humidity environment to cultivate pine mushrooms, combined with suitable temperature and humidity management and harvesting treatment, the problems of high costs and high technical requirements in the existing technology are solved, yield and quality are improved, and the effect of sustainable production and easy transportation and storage is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311379332.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-25
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
The existing artificial cultivation technology of pine lactiflora has problems such as high cost, high technical requirements, infection risk, resource consumption and difficulty in monitoring and management, which affects yield and quality.
A mixed matrix of carbonaceous substrates such as pine wood chips, peanut shells, corn stalks and nitrogen matrixes such as wheat bran and soybean meal is used. After disinfection by hot water or steam, add pine mushroom seeds to culture in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, control temperature and humidity, gradually reduce the temperature and humidity to manage mushroom production, and finally harvest and process.
It improves the yield and quality of pine lactis mushrooms, reduces costs and technical requirements, reduces infection risks and resource consumption, simplifies monitoring and management, and achieves sustainable production and easy transportation and storage.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of lactarius pine strain cultivation, and in particular to an artificial cultivation method of lactarius pine strain. Background Art
[0002] Lactarius pine is a fungus of the Russula family and the genus Lactarius. The basidiocarps have a mesophyll, usually solitary or in groups, fleshy when fresh, odorless and tasteless, and crumbled after drying; the cap is hemispherical when young, concave in the middle, flat and concave when mature, with a diameter of 3-12 cm and a thickness of 8-20 mm in the middle; the hyphae are simply separated by septa; the hyphae are IKI-, CB-; the flesh hyphae are colorless, slightly thick-walled, often branched, and slightly curved; the mycelium hyphae are colorless, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, rarely branched, frequently separated, and slightly curved; the basidiospores are broadly elliptical, colorless, thick-walled, and spiny.
[0003] Lactarius pine is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. It grows singly or scattered on the ground in coniferous forests or coniferous and broad-leaved forests in summer and autumn, often forming mycorrhizae. Lactarius pine is distributed almost everywhere where coniferous forests (especially pine trees) grow. It is only found under the radiata pine forests in Australia in the southern hemisphere. In China, it is mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and coastal areas. It is produced in Zhejiang, Hunan, Taiwan, Hainan, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Tibet and other provinces (autonomous regions). Lactarius pine is usually cultivated by artificial cultivation methods.
[0004] Although the existing artificial cultivation of Lactarius pine has many advantages, it has disadvantages such as high cost, high technical requirements, infection risk, resource consumption and difficulty in monitoring and management. With the development of science and technology, more mature cultivation methods may emerge in the future to overcome these disadvantages and further improve the efficiency and quality of artificial cultivation of Lactarius pine. Summary of the invention
[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved
[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for artificially cultivating Lactarius pine strains, which is beneficial to increasing yield, ensuring quality, facilitating management, and has the advantages of sustainable production and easy transportation and storage, and solves the defects of high cost, high technical requirements, infection risk, resource consumption and difficulty in monitoring and management.
[0007] (II) Technical solution
[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for artificially cultivating Lactarius pine strains, comprising the following steps:
[0009] 1) Choose the right matrix: Mix carbon matrix such as pine sawdust, peanut shells, corn stalks and nitrogen matrix such as wheat bran and soybean meal to enrich the nutrients;
[0010] 2) Treating the substrate: Mix the carbonaceous substrate and the nitrogenous substrate evenly, soak them in water, and sterilize them with hot water or steam;
[0011] 3) Add the spawn of Lactarius pine to the sterilized substrate and stir well;
[0012] 4) Cultivation process: After inoculation, the fungus is placed in a high temperature and high humidity environment for incubation. The temperature is controlled at 25-30°C and the humidity is controlled at more than 80%. The mushrooms will be produced in about 10-15 days.
[0013] 5) Management of mushroom production: When mushroom heads appear, gradually lower the temperature and humidity, ventilate under appropriate light conditions, and maintain appropriate humidity and temperature indoors;
[0014] 6) Harvesting: After the mushroom cap is opened, cut off the edible part and clean up the remaining residue before eating.
[0015] Preferably, in the 1) selecting a suitable matrix, the matrix selection: the selected carbonaceous matrix and nitrogenous matrix should have certain nutrients and high organic matter content. The matrix includes pine sawdust, peanut shells, corn straw carbonaceous matrix, and wheat bran, soybean meal and other nitrogenous matrix. According to the available raw materials and costs, a suitable matrix combination is selected.
[0016] Preferably, in the 2) treatment of the substrate, after the carbonaceous substrate and the nitrogenous substrate are evenly mixed, treatment is required to eliminate potential pathogens and competitive microorganisms, and the treatment method is as follows:
[0017] Hot water treatment: put the substrate into a large pot, add enough water, heat to 80-100℃, and keep it for 20-30 minutes;
[0018] Steam treatment: Use professional equipment such as a pressure steamer to place the substrate in a container and treat it with steam;
[0019] In the process of treating the substrate, a large pot and heating equipment are used for hot water treatment, and a pressure steamer is used for steam treatment to ensure the control of temperature and time. Containers and stirring tools are used to mix the carbonaceous substrate and the nitrogenous substrate evenly to provide a good inoculation environment when the strain is inoculated.
[0020] Preferably, in the 3) strain, a high-quality strain suitable for growing Lactarius pine is selected, the substrate after disinfection is ensured to be sufficiently cooled and at a suitable temperature, the substrate is stirred to make its surface and internal temperature uniform, the selected Lactarius pine strain is evenly sprinkled on the substrate after disinfection, a sterile spoon or a small container can be used to take out the strain, and it is evenly sprinkled on the surface of the substrate, and the strain and the substrate are fully mixed with a stirring tool, so that the strain can be better distributed in the substrate and provide a better growth environment, a sterile spoon or a small container is used to take out the strain, and a stirring rod or a blender is used to mix the strain and the substrate.
[0021] Preferably, in the 4) cultivation process, the cultivation of Lactarius pine requires a high temperature and high humidity environment, and it is necessary to install an air humidifier or humidifier and other equipment in a suitable place to make the humidity reach more than 80%. At the same time, it is also necessary to control the temperature between 25-30°C. An incubator suitable for the cultivation of Lactarius pine can be selected. The specific selection should be made according to the actual situation and needs. The substrate with the strain is placed in the incubator. It is noted that the substrate should be laid flat and the interval between adjacent substrates should be well maintained. The incubator is then sealed to ensure that an appropriate amount of water is added to maintain the high temperature and high humidity of the environment. During the cultivation process, it is necessary to regularly monitor the temperature, humidity, gas composition, etc. of the cultivation environment, and adjust the environmental variables in time according to the monitoring results to ensure that the growth conditions of Lactarius pine are good. During the entire cultivation process, the tools that need to be used mainly include: monitoring tools such as thermometers and humidity recorders; humidifiers, sprayers and other equipment for maintaining the environment.
[0022] Preferably, during the 4) culture process, the incubator is not opened to avoid disturbing the environment, the operating status of the environmental equipment is regularly checked to ensure its normal operation, and the sanitary conditions of the environment are strictly controlled to avoid contamination by miscellaneous bacteria.
[0023] Preferably, in the 5) mushroom management, after the head of the lactarius is fully expanded, the factors such as the cap size, the color and thickness of the stipe can be evaluated to determine the appropriate harvest time, which is usually carried out when the cap begins to expand to a diameter of about 5-6 cm. In order to allow the lactarius to develop normally, it is necessary to gradually reduce the temperature and humidity over time. After the mushroom head appears, the temperature can be controlled at about 22-25°C and the humidity can be reduced to about 60%-70%. It is also necessary to pay attention to proper lighting. Lactarius likes a dimly lit environment. In order to maintain a suitable humidity and temperature indoors, ventilation is required regularly. During the ventilation process, it is necessary to use a dry ventilation method to avoid excessive strong winds or cold winds.
[0024] Preferably, in the 6) harvesting process, wait for the cap of the lactarius to be fully unfolded before harvesting. When the cap is fully unfolded, it is cut off. After harvesting, the stem and the residues of other parts need to be cleaned up. The stem can be gently broken by hand, and then the edge is trimmed with a knife to make it neat. During the harvesting process, the following points need to be noted: sanitation: before operation, make sure your hands and tools are clean to avoid cross contamination, gentle operation: be gentle when handling the lactarius to avoid unnecessary damage to the mushroom body, and timely processing: it should be processed immediately after harvesting to maintain the freshness and quality of the mushroom body.
[0025] (III) Beneficial effects
[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for artificially cultivating Lactarius pine strains, which has the following beneficial effects:
[0027] 1. Increase yield: Artificially cultivated Lactarius can grow in a controlled environment without being restricted by the natural environment, so higher yields can be achieved.
[0028] 2. Ensure quality: Artificial cultivation can ensure the purity and quality of Lactarius pine mushrooms and avoid the risks of disease and pollution caused by wild strains.
[0029] 3. Convenient management: Artificially cultivated Lactarius mushrooms need to be regularly added with nutrient solution and maintained at appropriate temperature and humidity to facilitate management and monitoring of growth.
[0030] 4. Sustainable production: Artificially cultivated Lactarius can be recycled and sustainable production can be achieved through culture medium and mycelium transplantation.
[0031] 5. Easy to transport and store: Artificially cultivated Lactarius can be easily transported and stored through bagging, canning and other methods to extend the shelf life. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0033] Embodiment: A method for artificially cultivating Lactarius pine strains comprises the following steps:
[0034] 1) Choose the right matrix: Mix carbon matrix such as pine sawdust, peanut shells, corn stalks and nitrogen matrix such as wheat bran and soybean meal to enrich the nutrients;
[0035] 2) Treating the substrate: Mix the carbonaceous substrate and the nitrogenous substrate evenly, soak them in water, and sterilize them with hot water or steam;
[0036] 3) Add the spawn of Lactarius pine to the sterilized substrate and stir well;
[0037] 4) Cultivation process: After inoculation, the fungus is placed in a high temperature and high humidity environment for incubation. The temperature is controlled at 25-30°C and the humidity is controlled at more than 80%. The mushrooms will be produced in about 10-15 days.
[0038] 5) Management of mushroom production: When mushroom heads appear, gradually lower the temperature and humidity, ventilate under appropriate light conditions, and maintain appropriate humidity and temperature indoors;
[0039] 6) Harvesting: After the mushroom cap is opened, cut off the edible part and clean up the remaining residue before eating.
[0040] In the above 1) selecting a suitable matrix, matrix selection: the selected carbon matrix and nitrogen matrix should have certain nutrients and high organic matter content. The matrix includes pine sawdust, peanut shells, corn straw carbon matrix, and wheat bran, soybean meal and other nitrogen matrix. According to the available raw materials and cost, a suitable matrix combination is selected.
[0041] In the above 2) treatment of the substrate, after the carbonaceous substrate and the nitrogenous substrate are evenly mixed, treatment is required to eliminate potential pathogens and competitive microorganisms. The treatment method is as follows:
[0042] Hot water treatment: put the substrate into a large pot, add enough water, heat to 80-100℃, and keep it for 20-30 minutes;
[0043] Steam treatment: Use professional equipment such as a pressure steamer to place the substrate in a container and treat it with steam;
[0044] In the process of treating the substrate, a large pot and heating equipment are used for hot water treatment, and a pressure steamer is used for steam treatment to ensure the control of temperature and time. Containers and stirring tools are used to mix the carbonaceous substrate and the nitrogenous substrate evenly to provide a good inoculation environment when the strain is inoculated.
[0045] In the step 3) of beating the strains, high-quality strains suitable for growing Lactarius pine are selected, the substrate after disinfection is ensured to be sufficiently cooled and at a suitable temperature, the substrate is stirred to make the surface and internal temperatures uniform, the selected Lactarius pine strains are evenly sprinkled on the substrate after disinfection, a sterile spoon or a small container can be used to take out the strains, and the strains are evenly sprinkled on the surface of the substrate, and the strains and the substrate are fully mixed with a stirring tool, so that the strains can be better distributed in the substrate and a better growth environment can be provided, a sterile spoon or a small container is used to take out the strains, and a stirring rod or a blender is used to mix the strains and the substrate.
[0046] 4) During the cultivation process, the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus requires a high temperature and high humidity environment. It is necessary to install an air humidifier or humidifier and other equipment in a suitable place to make the humidity reach more than 80%. At the same time, the temperature needs to be controlled well, and the temperature is between 25-30°C. You can choose a culture box suitable for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. The specific selection should be made according to the actual situation and needs. Put the substrate with the strain into the culture box, pay attention to laying the substrate flat, and make a good interval between adjacent substrates, and then seal the culture box to ensure that an appropriate amount of water is added to maintain the high temperature and high humidity of the environment. During the cultivation process, it is necessary to regularly monitor the temperature, humidity, gas composition, etc. of the cultivation environment, and adjust the environmental variables in time according to the monitoring results to ensure that the growth conditions of Pleurotus ostreatus are good. In the whole cultivation process, the tools that need to be used mainly include: monitoring tools such as thermometers and humidity recorders; humidifiers, sprayers and other equipment for maintaining the environment.
[0047] During the 4) culture process, avoid opening the incubator to avoid disturbing the environment, regularly check the operating status of environmental equipment to ensure its normal operation, strictly control the sanitary conditions of the environment to avoid contamination by miscellaneous bacteria.
[0048] In the above 5) mushroom management, after the head of Lactarius pine is fully unfolded, the size of the cap, the color and thickness of the stipe and other factors can be evaluated to determine the appropriate harvesting time, which is usually carried out when the cap begins to unfold to a diameter of about 5-6 cm. In order to allow the Lactarius pine to develop normally, it is necessary to gradually reduce the temperature and humidity over time. After the mushroom head appears, the temperature can be controlled at about 22-25°C and the humidity can be reduced to about 60%-70%. It is also necessary to pay attention to proper lighting. Lactarius pine likes a darker environment. In order to maintain a suitable humidity and temperature indoors, ventilation is required regularly. During the ventilation process, it is necessary to use a dry ventilation method to avoid excessive strong winds or cold winds.
[0049] 6) During the harvesting process, wait for the cap of the lactarius to be fully unfolded before harvesting. When the cap is fully unfolded, cut it off. After harvesting, the stem and the residues of other parts need to be cleaned up. The stem can be gently broken by hand, and then the edge can be trimmed with a knife to make it neat. During the harvesting process, the following points need to be noted: Sanitary treatment: Before operation, make sure your hands and tools are clean to avoid cross contamination. Gentle operation: Be gentle when handling the lactarius to avoid unnecessary damage to the mushroom body. Timely treatment: It should be handled immediately after harvesting to keep the freshness and quality of the mushroom body preferred.
[0050] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for artificially cultivating Lactarius pine strains, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Choose the right matrix: Mix carbon matrix such as pine sawdust, peanut shells, corn stalks and nitrogen matrix such as wheat bran and soybean meal to enrich the nutrients; 2) Treating the substrate: Mix the carbonaceous substrate and the nitrogenous substrate evenly, soak them in water, and sterilize them with hot water or steam; 3) Add the spawn of Lactarius pine to the sterilized substrate and stir well; 4) Cultivation process: After inoculation, the fungus is placed in a high temperature and high humidity environment for incubation. The temperature is controlled at 25-30°C and the humidity is controlled at more than 80%. The mushrooms will be produced in about 10-15 days. 5) Management of mushroom production: When mushroom heads appear, gradually lower the temperature and humidity, ventilate under appropriate light conditions, and maintain appropriate humidity and temperature indoors; 6) Harvesting: After the mushroom cap is opened, cut off the edible part and clean up the remaining residue before eating.
2. The method for artificially cultivating a Lactarius pine strain according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above 1) selecting a suitable matrix, matrix selection: the selected carbon matrix and nitrogen matrix should have certain nutrients and high organic matter content. The matrix includes pine sawdust, peanut shells, corn straw carbon matrix, and wheat bran, soybean meal and other nitrogen matrix. According to the available raw materials and cost, a suitable matrix combination is selected.
3. The method for artificially cultivating a Lactarius pine strain according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above 2) treatment of the substrate, after the carbonaceous substrate and the nitrogenous substrate are evenly mixed, treatment is required to eliminate potential pathogens and competitive microorganisms. The treatment method is as follows: Hot water treatment: put the substrate into a large pot, add enough water, heat to 80-100℃, and keep it for 20-30 minutes; Steam treatment: Use professional equipment such as a pressure steamer to place the substrate in a container and treat it with steam; In the process of treating the substrate, a large pot and heating equipment are used for hot water treatment, and a pressure steamer is used for steam treatment to ensure the control of temperature and time. Containers and stirring tools are used to mix the carbonaceous substrate and the nitrogenous substrate evenly to provide a good inoculation environment when the strain is inoculated.
4. The method for artificially cultivating Lactarius pine strains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3) of beating the strains, high-quality strains suitable for growing Lactarius pine are selected, the substrate after disinfection is ensured to be sufficiently cooled and at a suitable temperature, the substrate is stirred to make the surface and internal temperatures uniform, the selected Lactarius pine strains are evenly sprinkled on the substrate after disinfection, a sterile spoon or a small container can be used to take out the strains, and the strains are evenly sprinkled on the surface of the substrate, and the strains and the substrate are fully mixed with a stirring tool, so that the strains can be better distributed in the substrate and a better growth environment can be provided, a sterile spoon or a small container is used to take out the strains, and a stirring rod or a blender is used to mix the strains and the substrate.
5. The method for artificially cultivating Lactarius pine strains according to claim 1, characterized in that: 4) During the cultivation process, the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus requires a high temperature and high humidity environment. It is necessary to install an air humidifier or humidifier and other equipment in a suitable place to make the humidity reach more than 80%. At the same time, the temperature needs to be controlled well, and the temperature is between 25-30°C. You can choose a culture box suitable for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. The specific selection should be made according to the actual situation and needs. Put the substrate with the strain into the culture box, pay attention to laying the substrate flat, and make a good interval between adjacent substrates, and then seal the culture box to ensure that an appropriate amount of water is added to maintain the high temperature and high humidity of the environment. During the cultivation process, it is necessary to regularly monitor the temperature, humidity, gas composition, etc. of the cultivation environment, and adjust the environmental variables in time according to the monitoring results to ensure that the growth conditions of Pleurotus ostreatus are good. In the whole cultivation process, the tools that need to be used mainly include: monitoring tools such as thermometers and humidity recorders; humidifiers, sprayers and other equipment for maintaining the environment.
6. The method for artificially cultivating Lactarius pine strains according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the 4) culture process, avoid opening the incubator to avoid disturbing the environment, regularly check the operating status of environmental equipment to ensure its normal operation, strictly control the sanitary conditions of the environment to avoid contamination by miscellaneous bacteria.
7. The method for artificially cultivating Lactarius pine strains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above 5) mushroom management, after the head of Lactarius pine is fully unfolded, the size of the cap, the color and thickness of the stipe and other factors can be evaluated to determine the appropriate harvesting time, which is usually carried out when the cap begins to unfold to a diameter of about 5-6 cm. In order to allow the Lactarius pine to develop normally, it is necessary to gradually reduce the temperature and humidity over time. After the mushroom head appears, the temperature can be controlled at about 22-25°C and the humidity can be reduced to about 60%-70%. It is also necessary to pay attention to proper lighting. Lactarius pine likes a darker environment. In order to maintain a suitable humidity and temperature indoors, ventilation is required regularly. During the ventilation process, it is necessary to use a dry ventilation method to avoid excessive strong winds or cold winds.
8. The method for artificially cultivating Lactarius pine strains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above 6) harvesting process, wait for the cap of Lactarius pine to be fully unfolded before harvesting. When the cap is fully unfolded, cut it off. After harvesting, the stem and the residues of other parts need to be cleaned up. The stem can be gently broken by hand, and then the edge can be trimmed with a knife to make it neat. During the harvesting process, the following points need to be noted: hygienic treatment: before operation, make sure your hands and tools are clean to avoid cross contamination, gentle operation: be gentle when handling Lactarius pine to avoid unnecessary damage to the mushroom body, and timely treatment: it should be handled immediately after harvesting to maintain the freshness and quality of the mushroom body.