Method for protecting and harvesting cocoons in natural colored cocoon cluster

Abstract

The invention provides a method for protecting and harvesting cocoons in a natural colored cocoon frame, and belongs to the technical field of natural colored cocoon cultivation. The invention provides a method for protecting and harvesting cocoons in a natural colored cocoon frame, which comprises the following steps: after mounting silkworms on the frame, keeping the temperature at 25-27 DEG C, the humidity at 68-72% and the wind speed at 4.7-5.3 m / s. According to the method, the automatic cocoon harvesting machine is used for harvesting the cocoons, the speed of pushing the silkworm cocoons by the cocoon harvesting stigmas is 3 meters per second and is 2 meters per second slower than the pushing speed of 5 meters per second of a control cocoon harvesting method, and damage to the cocoons and pupae can be avoided. According to the method provided by the invention, the cocoon quality of the harvested colored cocoons can be greatly improved, high-quality cocoon production is realized, the phenomenon of damaging the cocoons and pupae can be avoided, and the cocoon yield is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of natural colored cocoon breeding, and particularly relates to a method for protecting and collecting cocoons in natural colored cocoon clusters. Background Art

[0002] Bombyx mori is a silk-spinning insect. The naturally colored cocoon variety of Bombyx mori is a special variety that can absorb lutein and carotenoids in mulberry leaves into the silk glands through gene regulation to form colored silk. Moreover, this color comes from the elements in mulberry leaves. It is a natural pigment rather than the cocoon color produced by adding food pigments. In addition to the bright color of the cocoon, the naturally colored cocoon also has an aroma similar to "cooked pumpkin", so it is favored by consumers. Raising naturally colored cocoon varieties has become a new development direction and is an industry with extremely ideal development prospects, which is of great significance.

[0003] However, due to the difference between the physiological characteristics of natural colored cocoons and the currently practical white cocoon varieties, the current breeding methods suitable for white cocoon varieties are not suitable for natural colored cocoons. Therefore, the purpose of high-quality cocoon production cannot be achieved in the breeding field of natural colored cocoons. Moreover, since most natural colored cocoons are inherited from wild silkworm resources, the cocoon color is bright and unique, but the cocoon shape is small and the cocoon layer is thin, which is a certain gap from the practical white cocoon varieties. Therefore, when using an automatic cocoon picking machine to automatically pick cocoons for colored cocoon varieties, it is easy to damage the colored cocoons, affecting the cocoon production and thus the output value. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for protecting and collecting cocoons in natural colored cocoon clusters, which can achieve the purpose of high-quality cocoon production and can greatly increase the cocoon production.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a method for protecting and collecting cocoons in natural colored cocoon cocoons, comprising the following steps: after the silkworms are on the cocoons, the temperature is maintained at 25-27 DEG C, the humidity is maintained at 68-72%, and the wind speed is maintained at 4.7-5.3 m / s.

[0007] Preferably, after the silkworms are placed on the cocoon, the natural light should not be exposed to direct sunlight.

[0008] Preferably, the method further comprises the step of: collecting the cocoons on the 6th day after cocooning.

[0009] Preferably, the cocoon picking is carried out using an automatic cocoon picking machine, and the speed at which the cocoon picking column pushes the cocoons is 3 m / s.

[0010] Preferably, the collected cocoons are stacked to a thickness of less than 6 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the silkworm is Guican No. 11.

[0012] Preferably, after the cocoons are harvested, the colored cocoons are graded and packaged: first-class cocoons: correct cocoon shape, thick cocoon layer, golden cocoon color, live pupae, and no pollution; second-class cocoons: correct cocoon shape, thicker cocoon layer, golden cocoon color, live pupae, and no pollution; inferior cocoons: irregular cocoon shape, non-yellow cocoon color; rotten cocoons and contaminated cocoons are discarded.

[0013] Preferably, the silkworms are fed with leaves on the fifth day of the fifth instar to ensure that the silkworm seats are flat, and the leaves are fed again when the silkworms are 93% to 97% mature.

[0014] Preferably, the cocoon is placed vertically above the silkworm seat, 1 cm above the silkworm seat.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0016] The method provided by the invention can greatly improve the cocoon quality of the harvested colored cocoons, realize the production of high-quality cocoons, and can ensure that the cocoons and pupae will not be damaged, thereby greatly increasing the cocoon production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The invention provides a method for protecting and collecting cocoons in natural colored cocoon cocoons, comprising the following steps: after the silkworms are on the cocoons, the temperature is maintained at 25-27 DEG C, the humidity is maintained at 68-72%, and the wind speed is maintained at 4.7-5.3 m / s.

[0018] In the present invention, the temperature is preferably 26°C; the humidity is preferably 69% to 71%, more preferably 70%; the wind speed is preferably 4.8 m / s to 5.2 m / s, more preferably 4.9 m / s to 5.2 m / s. In the present invention, after the silkworms are on the cocoon, natural light is preferably required, but direct sunlight is not allowed. After the fifth-instar natural colored cocoons are on the cocoon, the present invention can greatly improve the cocoon quality of the harvested colored cocoons by adjusting the temperature, humidity and wind speed of the cocoon protection, thereby achieving high-quality cocoon production.

[0019] In the method described in the present invention, it is preferred that the following steps are also included: picking cocoons on the 6th day after being put on the cocoon, and drying or freezing the cocoons at -26°C after picking. The picking of cocoons is preferably carried out using an automatic cocoon picking machine, and the speed at which the cocoon picking stigma pushes the cocoons is preferably 3 m / s, which is 2 m / s slower than the white cocoon pushing speed of 5 m / s, to ensure that the colored cocoons are not pushed too fast to avoid damaging the cocoons and pupae. The present invention does not specifically limit the specific type of the automatic cocoon picking machine, and a conventional automatic cocoon picking machine in the field can be used. In the present invention, the stacking thickness of the picked cocoons is preferably less than 6 cm to avoid causing heating and deterioration of the cocoon pile. The present invention ensures that the phenomenon of damaging cocoons and pupae does not occur by adjusting the cocoon picking speed of the automatic cocoon picking machine, thereby greatly increasing the cocoon production.

[0020] In the present invention, the silkworm is preferably Guican No. 11. "Guican No. 11" is a new hybrid variety of golden cocoons for both spring and autumn use, which is bred based on the characteristics of resistance to adverse environments, cocoon shape, golden cocoon color, shrinkage and other traits. In the present invention, after the cocoons are harvested, the colored cocoons are graded and packaged: first-level cocoons: correct cocoon shape, thick cocoon layer, golden cocoon color, live pupae, and no pollution; second-level cocoons: correct cocoon shape, thicker cocoon layer, golden cocoon color, live pupae, and no pollution; second-level cocoons: irregular cocoon shape, non-yellow cocoon color; rotten cocoons and contaminated cocoons are discarded. The thick cocoon layer refers to the hard cocoon when squeezed by hand, and the thicker cocoon layer refers to the harder cocoon when squeezed by hand. In the present invention, the first-level cocoons, second-level cocoons and second-level cocoons are packaged, and the rotten cocoons and contaminated cocoons do not need to be packaged and can be discarded.

[0021] In the present invention, it is preferred to raise young silkworms and raise adult silkworms for naturally colored silkworms, during which the current conventional breeding methods are followed, with an emphasis on uniform development, health and protection from pesticide poisoning. Preferably, leaves are fed on the fifth day of the fifth instar to ensure that the silkworm seat is flat, and leaves are given again when the silkworms reach 93% to 97% maturity. In the present invention, it is preferred to place the cocoon vertically above the silkworm seat, 1 cm away from the height of the silkworm seat, to ensure that the mature silkworms can automatically climb onto the grid cocoon. In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the cocoon is a checkered cocoon; in another specific embodiment of the present invention, the checkered cocoon is a plastic-framed wooden checkered cocoon; in another specific embodiment of the present invention, the plastic-framed wooden checkered cocoon is a 325-hole plastic-framed wooden checkered cocoon. In the present invention, the timing for giving leaves again is preferably when the silkworms are 94% to 96% mature, more preferably 95%.

[0022] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, all of them are conventional methods.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A method for protecting and automatically picking cocoons in natural colored cocoon clusters comprises the following steps:

[0027] Guican No. 11 was co-reared with young silkworms and raised with adult silkworms, during which the current conventional varieties (the conventional varieties are white cocoon varieties: Liangguang No. 2) were followed, with attention paid to uniform development, health and protection from pesticide poisoning. On the fifth day of the fifth instar, leaves were fed to ensure that the silkworm seats were flat, and leaves were fed again when the silkworms reached 95%. A 325-hole plastic frame wooden square cocoon was placed vertically above the silkworm seats, 1 cm above the silkworm seats, and the silkworms could automatically climb onto the cocoon.

[0028] After the cocooning is completed, the room temperature of the cocooning should be controlled at 25℃~26℃, the humidity at 68%~70%, the wind speed at 5m / s~5.3m / s, and natural light should not be exposed to direct sunlight.

[0029] The 6th day after cocooning is the suitable time for cocoon harvesting. The method of harvesting cocoons on the 6th day and investigating on the 7th day is adopted for harvesting and drying cocoons. The method of harvesting cocoons is: using an automatic cocoon harvesting machine to harvest naturally colored cocoons, and adjusting the speed of the cocoon harvesting stigma to push the cocoons to 3 meters per second. The thickness of the harvested colored cocoons should not exceed 6cm.

[0030] Cocoon selection and classification: After the cocoons are harvested, the colored cocoons are graded and packaged. First-grade cocoons: regular cocoon shape, thick cocoon layer (the thick cocoon layer means the cocoon is hard when squeezed by hand), golden cocoon color, live pupae (the live pupae mean the cocoon makes a crisp sound when shaking the cocoon), and no pollution; second-grade cocoons: regular cocoon shape, thicker cocoon layer (the thicker cocoon layer means the cocoon is hard when squeezed by hand), golden cocoon color, live pupae (the live pupae mean the cocoon makes a crisp sound when shaking the cocoon), and no pollution; other cocoons with irregular shapes and non-yellow cocoons are inferior cocoons. Rotten cocoons and contaminated cocoons are not included in the purchase of cocoons within the grade.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] A method for protecting and automatically picking cocoons in natural colored cocoon clusters comprises the following steps:

[0033] Guican No. 11 was co-reared with young silkworms and raised with adult silkworms, during which the current conventional varieties (the conventional varieties are white cocoon varieties: Liangguang No. 2) were followed, with attention paid to uniform development, health and protection from pesticide poisoning. On the fifth day of the fifth instar, leaves were fed to ensure that the silkworm seats were flat, and leaves were fed again when the silkworms reached 95%. A 325-hole plastic frame wooden square cocoon was placed vertically above the silkworm seats, 1 cm above the silkworm seats, and the silkworms could automatically climb onto the cocoon.

[0034] After clustering, control the room temperature at 26℃~27℃, humidity at 70%~72%, wind speed at 4.7m / s~4.9m / s, and avoid direct sunlight.

[0035] The 6th day after the cocoons are placed on the cocoon nest is the right time for cocoon harvesting. The method of harvesting cocoons on the 6th day and investigating on the 7th day is adopted for harvesting and drying cocoons. The method of harvesting cocoons is: using an automatic cocoon harvesting machine to harvest naturally colored cocoons, and adjusting the speed of the cocoon harvesting stigma to push the cocoons to 3 meters per second. The thickness of the harvested colored cocoons should not exceed 6cm.

[0036] Cocoon selection and classification: After the cocoons are harvested, the colored cocoons are graded and packaged. First-grade cocoons: regular cocoon shape, thick cocoon layer (the thick cocoon layer means the cocoon is hard when squeezed by hand), golden cocoon color, live pupae (the live pupae mean the cocoon makes a crisp sound when shaking the cocoon), and no pollution; second-grade cocoons: regular cocoon shape, thicker cocoon layer (the thicker cocoon layer means the cocoon is hard when squeezed by hand), golden cocoon color, live pupae (the live pupae mean the cocoon makes a crisp sound when shaking the cocoon), and no pollution; other cocoons with irregular shapes and non-yellow cocoons are inferior cocoons. Rotten cocoons and contaminated cocoons are not included in the purchase of cocoons within the grade.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] In the spring and autumn of 2021, different cocooning environment tests of "Guican No. 11" were carried out in the laboratory of Guizhou Sericulture Research Institute, and "Liangguang No. 2" was used as the control variety.

[0039] 1 Materials and methods

[0040] 1.1 Test materials

[0041] The test silkworm variety is "Guican No. 11", and the control silkworm variety is "Liangguang No. 2". All of the above silkworm varieties are bred and provided by Guizhou Sericulture Research Institute.

[0042] 1.2 Time and Place

[0043] Time: 2021 spring silkworm season (delivery to warehouse for expedited growth on May 5 - cocooning on June 14, cocoon collection and survey on June 20); autumn silkworm season (delivery to warehouse for expedited growth on August 20 - cocooning on September 20, cocoon collection and survey on September 26).

[0044] Location: Laboratory of Guizhou Sericulture Research Institute.

[0045] 1.3 Test methods

[0046] 1.3.1 Technical treatment methods

[0047] The test silkworm varieties and control varieties are shipped out of the warehouse on the same date and accelerated with the same standard. In spring, the silkworms are accelerated according to the dimorphic progressive accelerated standard. In autumn, the silkworms are accelerated according to the natural temperature and the appropriate humidity adjustment method. The silkworms are collected uniformly and the silkworms are raised together according to the conventional method. Each variety is collected with 5.0g silkworms, and the silkworms are raised to 4 years old and then divided into different areas after the silkworms are raised by the ordinary four-round breeding method. Each variety is set up with 5 repeated plots, each repeated plot has 400 silkworms, and the silkworms are more than 500 silkworms as one foil. They are raised to mature cocoons. When they are put on the cocoons, each plot is divided into 3 cocoons (325 holes per cocoon), and the control area is divided into two cocoons with plastic folding cocoons. Each cocoon is covered with a cocoon net. The cocoons are collected after 6 days and investigated after 7 days. Except for the different environmental control of the cocoons as described below, the remaining steps are the same as Example 1.

[0048] Clustering environment control 1: The room temperature of the clustering room is 24℃±1.0℃, the humidity is 70%±2.0%, the wind speed is 6m / s±0.4m / s, and the natural light cannot be exposed to direct sunlight;

[0049] Clustering environmental control 2: The room temperature of the clustering is 26℃±1.0℃, the humidity is 70%±2.0%, the wind speed is 5m / s±0.3m / s, and natural light cannot be exposed to direct sunlight.

[0050] 1.3.2 Survey content and methods

[0051] Investigate the growth and development of silkworms throughout their entire age period, and keep timely records of reductions in silkworm numbers due to unconventional reasons such as weak and injured silkworms.

[0052] The cocoons were collected on the 6th day after the silkworms were on the cocoons. A random sampling survey was conducted on the 7th day to investigate the silkworm development process, mortality rate, total cocoon quantity, cocoon layer quantity, cocoon layer rate, cocoon laying rate, average sheet yield and number of cocoons per kilogram.

[0053] 2 Test results

[0054] The results of the spring silkworm period are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and the results of the autumn silkworm period are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0055] Table 1 The results of spring silkworm rearing of natural colored cocoon varieties in the cocoon environment control 1

[0056]

[0057] Table 2 Results of spring silkworm rearing of natural colored cocoon varieties in the cocoon environment control 2

[0058]

[0059] Table 3 Results of breeding of natural colored cocoon varieties in autumn silkworm period under control of cocoon environment

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] Table 4 Results of the breeding of natural colored cocoon varieties in autumn silkworm breeding under the second cocoon environment

[0063]

[0064] It can be seen from Tables 1 to 4 that after the silkworms are put on the cocoons, the temperature, humidity and wind speed will affect the growth and quality of the natural colored cocoon variety silkworms, and the environmental conditions protected in the cocoons of the present invention are more suitable for the cultivation of Guican No. 11. Moreover, in the trial breeding test, compared with the control variety "Liangguang No. 2", the silkworms of "Guican No. 11" develop faster and more uniformly, and there are fewer sick, weak and dead silkworms at different ages; after being put on the cocoons, there are fewer sick and dead silkworms in the cocoons.

[0065] Example 4

[0066] In the spring and autumn of 2022, comparative tests on different cocoon collecting and pushing speeds of "Guican No. 11" were carried out in the laboratory of Guizhou Sericulture Research Institute, and the silkworm variety "Liangguang No. 2" was used as the control.

[0067] 1 Materials and methods

[0068] 1.1 Test materials

[0069] Each cocoon was made of 325 square cocoons and equipped with a cocoon picking machine. The silkworm varieties used in the experiment were Guican No. 11 and the control silkworm varieties were Liangguang No. 2.

[0070] 1.2 Time and Place

[0071] Time: 2022 spring silkworm season (shipping from warehouse for expedited growth on May 6 - cocooning on June 14, and cocoon harvesting on June 20); autumn silkworm season (shipping from warehouse for expedited growth on August 21 - cocooning on September 21, and cocoon harvesting on September 27).

[0072] Location: Laboratory of Guizhou Sericulture Research Institute.

[0073] 1.3 Test methods

[0074] The test silkworm varieties and control silkworm varieties were shipped out of the warehouse for accelerator according to the plan, with unified standards. In spring, the accelerator was accelerator according to the dimorphic progressive accelerator standard, and in autumn, the accelerator was accelerator according to the natural temperature and appropriate humidity adjustment method. The ants were collected uniformly and the young silkworms were raised according to the conventional method. The test and control varieties were each collected 10.0g (1 seed ant amount), and were raised with the ordinary four-round rearing method until they were mature and cocooned. The accelerator was placed on a 325-hole square accelerator per accelerator, and finally 160 square accelerators were placed (80 for the test and control varieties). Cocoons were collected after 6 days and investigated after 7 days.

[0075] The experimental and control varieties were harvested using 40 square cocoon clusters using the following two methods.

[0076] Experimental cocoon picking speed: When using an automatic cocoon picking machine to pick cocoons, the speed at which the cocoon picking column pushes the cocoons is 3 m / s (referred to as speed one).

[0077] Comparison of cocoon picking speed: When using an automatic cocoon picking machine to pick cocoons, the speed at which the cocoon picking column pushes the cocoons is 5 m / s (referred to as speed 2).

[0078] 2 Test results

[0079] Test quantity: 160 square clusters with 325 holes and cocoons (80 square clusters for each of the experimental variety and the control variety, and 40 square clusters for each of the two cocoon collection speeds);

[0080] Test start time: morning of June 20, 2022, morning of September 27;

[0081] Main technical parameters of cocoon picking machine (cocoon crushing rate):

[0082] Test variety: Speed ​​1: Cocoon picking speed: 2.01 kg / min. The cocoon picking machine crushed 5 cocoons in total, and the total number of cocoons collected was 12,256. The actual proportion of cocoons crushed by the cocoon picking machine during the cocoon picking process was 0.04%;

[0083] Speed ​​2: Cocoon picking speed: 2.92 kg / min. The cocoon picking machine crushed 11 cocoons in total, and the total number of cocoons collected was 12,261. The actual percentage of cocoons crushed by the cocoon picking machine during the cocoon picking process was 0.09%;

[0084] Control variety: Speed ​​1: Cocoon picking speed: 2.02 kg / min. The cocoon picking machine crushed 6 cocoons in total, and the total number of cocoons collected was 12,265. The actual proportion of cocoons crushed by the cocoon picking machine during the cocoon picking process was 0.05%;

[0085] Speed ​​2: Cocoon picking speed: 2.83 kg / min. The cocoon picking machine crushed 7 cocoons in total, with a total of 12,271 cocoons collected. The actual percentage of cocoons crushed by the cocoon picking machine during the cocoon picking process was 0.06%;

[0086] The test results show that after adjusting the cocoon picking speed, the cocoon picking speed has some differences, but not obvious. In the experimental variety Guican No. 11, the rate of crushed cocoons at speed 2 is more than double that at speed 1. It can be seen that different cocoon picking speeds have a significant impact on the rate of crushed cocoons of natural colored cocoons Guican No. 11, affecting the cocoon quality and cocoon rate. For the variety Liangguang No. 2, the cocoon shape may be smaller, and the rate of crushed cocoons at the two speeds remains basically unchanged.

[0087] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for protecting and collecting cocoons from naturally colored cocoon clusters, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: after the silkworms are placed on the cocoon, the temperature is maintained at 25-27°C, the humidity is maintained at 68-72%, and the wind speed is maintained at 4.7-5.3 m / s.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After the silkworms are on the cocoon, they should not be exposed to direct sunlight.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method also comprises the following steps: collecting cocoons on the 6th day after cocooning.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The cocoon picking is carried out by using an automatic cocoon picking machine, and the speed at which the cocoon picking column pushes the cocoons is 3 meters per second.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The collected cocoons are piled up to a thickness of less than 6 cm.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The silkworm is Guican No.

11.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that After the cocoons are harvested, the colored cocoons are graded and packaged: first-grade cocoons: correct cocoon shape, thick cocoon layer, golden cocoon color, live pupae, and no pollution; second-grade cocoons: correct cocoon shape, thicker cocoon layer, golden cocoon color, live pupae, and no pollution; second-rate cocoons: irregular cocoon shape, not yellow cocoon color; rotten cocoons and contaminated cocoons are discarded.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Feed the silkworms with leaves on the fifth day of the fifth instar to ensure that the silkworm seats are flat. Feed them with leaves again when the silkworms reach 93% to 97% maturity.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Place the cocoon vertically on top of the silkworm seat, 1 cm above the seat.

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