A method for efficiently and quickly making herbarium specimens of plants

Abstract

This application relates to the field of specimen production, and specifically discloses a method for efficiently and quickly producing plant herbarium specimens, including the following steps: S1. After the plant is collected, it is processed to obtain specimen materials; S2. Using the lower splint of the specimen clamp as the bottom plate, a corrugated paper, a hemp paper, the specimen materials, a hemp paper, and a corrugated paper are sequentially laid from bottom to top as a pressing basis. Repeat the above operation. After all the specimen materials are pressed, place the upper splint of the specimen clamp on the top layer, and fix it to obtain a specimen body; S3. First, blow-dry the obtained specimen body at 45 ± 3 °C for 4-7 h, then change the paper, shape it, and blow-dry it at 35 ± 3 °C. After 2-4 d, complete the specimen shaping and drying to obtain a plant herbarium specimen. This application has the characteristics of improving the quality of plant herbarium specimens while shortening the specimen production time and steps.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of specimen production, and more specifically, it relates to a method for efficiently and quickly producing herbarium specimens of plants. Background Art

[0002] Plant specimens have entity functions, information functions, and demonstration functions, and have strong conceptual, practical, and intuitive properties. A certain number of original plant specimens are required in teaching to create a real and intuitive learning environment for students. Herbarium specimens, also known as pressed specimens, are the most intuitive teaching materials in science and teaching. They can not only reflect the morphological characteristics of plants, but also reflect the ecological environment and geographical distribution of plant growth. By observing and comparing herbarium specimens of different plants, students can more intuitively understand the morphological, structural, classification, and other characteristics of plants, and deepen their understanding and comprehension of botany; especially due to seasonal and regional restrictions, some plants cannot be directly observed by students at specific times and locations, while herbarium specimens make up for the seasonal and regional restrictions and can be observed and studied at any time for different types of plants.

[0003] The flatness and color degree of herbarium specimens are of great significance in the fields of plant teaching, scientific research, etc. A flat specimen can maintain the original morphological and structural characteristics of the plant, enabling observers to clearly see the morphology and structure of plant leaves, flowers, fruits, etc., which is of great significance for plant classification, identification, and teaching. Moreover, a flat herbarium specimen is not easily deformed or damaged and can maintain its original morphological and structural characteristics for a long time; while the color degree of herbarium specimens can reflect the true color characteristics of plants, and plant color is one of its important identification characteristics. A herbarium specimen with good color degree can maintain the original color and luster of the plant and can more accurately judge the herbarium specimen.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the quality of specimens while shortening the specimen production time and steps is of great significance for producing herbarium specimens. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to improve the quality of herbarium specimens of plants while shortening the specimen production time and steps, this application provides a method for efficiently and quickly producing herbarium specimens of plants.

[0006] This application provides a method for efficiently and quickly producing herbarium specimens of plants, adopting the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for efficiently and quickly producing herbarium specimens of plants includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. After collecting herbaceous and woody plants, process them to obtain specimen materials;

[0009] S2. Using the lower clamping plate of the specimen clamp as the bottom plate, lay corrugated paper, hemp paper, specimen material, hemp paper, and corrugated paper in sequence from bottom to top as a pressing basis. Repeat the above operation. After all the specimen materials are pressed, place the upper clamping plate of the specimen clamp on the top layer, and fix it to obtain a specimen sample.

[0010] S3. First, blow-dry the obtained specimen sample at 45 ± 3 °C for 4 - 7 h, then change the paper and shape it, and blow-dry it at 35 ± 3 °C. After 2 - 4 d, complete the specimen shaping and drying to obtain a herbarium specimen.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, in the present application, when pressing the specimen, the corrugated paper and hemp paper are used in combination. The hemp paper, as absorbent paper, helps to absorb excess moisture and maintain the shape of the specimen, and the hemp paper can be reused. The corrugated paper on the corrugated paper has a corrugated shape similar to an arched door, arranged side by side in a row, and supports each other to form a triangular structure. It has good mechanical strength, can withstand a certain pressure on the plane and is elastic, with a certain buffering effect, which is more conducive to specimen pressing. Moreover, more importantly, the corrugations enable the heated air to pass through the cardboard in the direction of the holes formed by the corrugations of the corrugated cardboard with the plant during ventilation and drying in the subsequent specimen pressing, transferring heat to the corrugated cardboard in a convection manner and taking away the moisture evaporated by the plants in the cardboard, realizing the drying of the specimen plants.

[0012] Finally, through the regulation of the ventilation and drying temperature system, the temperature in the first stage is relatively high, which can not only keep the chlorophyll in the plant stable, help to maintain the original color of the specimen, but also the higher temperature helps to quickly remove a large amount of moisture in the specimen and shorten the drying time. The rapid evaporation of moisture helps to reduce the discoloration and corruption phenomena caused by the retention of moisture inside the plant specimen, thereby maintaining the color and flatness of the specimen, playing a role in softening and fixing the color. Then continue to dry at a low temperature, which helps to maintain the color and flatness of the specimen. Through drying at a lower temperature for a longer time, it can ensure that the specimen dries slowly and evenly, helping to maintain the color. Ultimately, in the present application, through the laying method of corrugated paper and hemp paper, multiple paper changes and the cyclic drying process help to maintain the flatness of the specimen, ensure that the specimen will not deform and have peculiar smells during the drying process, and then, combined with the control of drying temperature and time, can maintain the natural color of the specimen to a greater extent. On this basis, it can significantly shorten the time for making herbarium specimens. Compared with the prior art, where it is necessary to change the paper more than 6 times and the production of herbarium specimens takes more than 6 days, adopting the system in the present application reduces the number of paper changes, and the production of herbarium specimens can be completed in 2 - 4 days. For herbaceous plants, it can be completed in 2 - 3 d, and for plants with thicker leaves, it can also be completed in 3 - 4 d. It significantly improves the production efficiency of herbarium specimens, shortens the cycle, and the flatness and color degree of the obtained herbarium specimens are significantly improved, improving the quality while improving the production efficiency.

[0013] Optionally, when drying by blowing air at 35 ± 3°C in step S3, change the paper once a day.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, in this application, through a specific drying temperature regime, it starts to be processed at 45°C, and only needs to change the paper once a day when drying at 35°C later. While reducing the number of paper changes, it shortens the specimen production time, and the prepared specimen has better color and flatness.

[0015] Optionally, the specific operation of step S3 is as follows: First, blow-dry at 45°C for 6 hours, then change the paper, shape it, and blow-dry at 35°C. During this period, change the paper once every 24 hours, and complete the specimen setting and drying after 3 days.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, when adopting the above regime, the production time of the herbarium specimen is significantly shortened, and at the same time, the prepared herbarium specimen has better color and flatness.

[0017] Optionally, the specific operation of step S2 is as follows: Place a corrugated cardboard on the lower clamping plate of the specimen clamp, then lay 3 - 4 pieces of hemp paper on the corrugated cardboard, then place the plant specimen material on the hemp paper, cover the specimen material with another 3 - 4 pieces of hemp paper, then press the corrugated cardboard on the hemp paper, repeat the above operation until all specimen materials are pressed, and finally place the upper clamping plate of the specimen clamp on the corrugated cardboard and fix the specimen clamp with a binding strap.

[0018] Optionally, the hemp paper is selected as the hemp paper obtained by hand - fishing paper in Zhashui with Broussonetia papyrifera as the raw material.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the hemp paper in this application is selected as the fishing hemp paper hand - made in Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province with Broussonetia papyrifera as the raw material. After collecting Broussonetia papyrifera, it is steamed, hammered, and cut into paper through processes such as sun - drying, adding lime, soaking, bleaching, fishing, pressing, and pasting on the wall. The obtained hemp paper has better flexibility and elasticity. In this way, it can better fit the specimen material, ensure that the specimen can be evenly stressed during pressing, avoid specimen deformation or wrinkling caused by uneven stress, and the flexible hemp paper can better wrap and protect the fragile parts of the specimen such as flower petals and leaf edges, avoiding damage during pressing and drying, so as to maintain the integrity and flatness of the specimen. Moreover, the hemp paper has a soft texture and strong water absorption, can more effectively adsorb the moisture on the surface of the specimen while reducing the damage and loss of pigments in the specimen, and helps to maintain the original color of the specimen. And the hemp paper is flexible, wear - resistant, and extremely elastic, and can be used repeatedly.

[0020] Optionally, the specific operation of step S1 is as follows: After collecting the plant, it is also washed, the soil, insect eggs and impurities on the plant are wiped off to keep it in a natural state.

[0021] Optionally, when collecting plants, for woody plants, select branches with intact leaves with flowers or fruits from normal and healthy growing plants and cut them with part of the old branches;

[0022] For herbaceous plants, collect the whole plant, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers or fruits.

[0023] Optionally, the specimen material obtained in step S1 is first immersed in a copper acetate treatment solution at an immersion temperature of 70-80 °C. After immersing for 60-90 s, an aspartic acid solution is added, and then the immersion continues. When the specimen material shows its original color, it is taken out after soaking in water and then subjected to blotting with hemp paper before entering the operation of step S2.

[0024] Optionally, the copper acetate treatment solution is obtained by mixing a saturated copper acetate solution and water in a volume ratio of 1:(4-5), where the saturated copper acetate solution is obtained by adding copper acetate to glacial acetic acid with a mass concentration of 50% until saturation to obtain a copper acetate solution;

[0025] The aspartic acid solution is an aspartic acid solution with a mass concentration of 20-30%, and the addition amount of the aspartic acid solution is 8-15 wt% of the copper acetate treatment solution.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, in the present application, the specimen material is first immersed in the copper acetate treatment solution for treatment. In the copper acetate system, copper is used to displace magnesium in the chlorophyll molecule, and the chlorophyll molecule with copper as the core is more stable and not easily decomposed or damaged. In this way, the color stability of the herbarium specimen over a long time is further improved. After the specimen material is immersed in the copper acetate treatment solution for a period of time, an aspartic acid solution is added to the treatment solution. Since aspartic acid is more likely to form a complex with magnesium ions, it promotes the complexation of the displaced magnesium element with aspartic acid, reduces the concentration of free magnesium ions in the solution, and promotes the further formation of a stable structure between copper ions in the treatment solution and chlorophyll molecules, further improving its color retention performance.

[0027] Optionally, aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid is also added to the aspartic acid solution, and the addition amount of aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid is 3-5 wt% of the addition amount of aspartic acid.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, as an organophosphorus compound, aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid can form a stable complex with magnesium ions, show a tendency to complex with magnesium ions between magnesium ions and copper ions, thus affecting the displacement equilibrium between magnesium and copper ions, making the reaction equilibrium shift towards the direction of forming copper atoms, thereby promoting the formation of a more stable structure between copper and chlorophyll after copper displaces magnesium, and improving its color retention ability.

[0029] In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. In this application, the laying method of corrugated paper and hemp paper, as well as the multiple paper replacement and cyclic drying processes, help to maintain the flatness of the specimen, ensure that the specimen will not deform or produce peculiar smell during the drying process. Coupled with the control of the drying temperature and time, the natural color of the specimen can be maintained to a greater extent. On this basis, the time for making herbarium specimens can be significantly shortened. Compared with the prior art where paper needs to be replaced more than 6 times and it takes more than 6 days to make herbarium specimens, the system in this application reduces the number of paper replacements, and the herbarium specimens can be made in 2 - 4 days, improving the production efficiency of herbarium specimens, shortening the cycle, and significantly improving the flatness and color of the herbarium specimens, improving the production efficiency while improving the quality;

[0031] 2. The hemp paper in this application is the fishing hemp paper hand - made from Broussonetia papyrifera bark in Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province. After collecting the Broussonetia papyrifera bark, it is steamed, hammered, and cut into paper through processes such as sun - drying, adding lime, soaking, bleaching, fishing, pressing, and pasting on the wall. The obtained hemp paper has better flexibility and elasticity. In this way, it can better fit the specimen material, ensure that the specimen can be evenly stressed during the pressing process, and avoid specimen deformation or wrinkling caused by uneven stress. Moreover, the flexible hemp paper can better wrap and protect the vulnerable parts of the specimen, such as the petals and leaf edges, to avoid damage during the pressing and drying processes, thus maintaining the integrity and flatness of the specimen. In addition, the texture of the hemp paper is soft and has strong water absorption, which can more effectively adsorb the moisture on the surface of the specimen while reducing the damage and loss of pigments in the specimen, helping to maintain the original color of the specimen. Moreover, the hemp paper is flexible, wear - resistant, and extremely elastic, and can be used repeatedly. Description of the Drawings

[0032] Figure 1 is the pressed specimen material after pressing 9 specimens obtained in step S2 of Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0033] Figure 2 is the specimen material obtained by using Forsythia suspensa, Scutellaria baicalensis, Mahonia bealei, and Chrysanthemum morifolium as plants in step S1 of the method in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0034] Figure 3 is the photo of the state of Forsythia suspensa, Scutellaria baicalensis, Mahonia bealei, and Chrysanthemum morifolium after blowing and drying at 45°C for 6h in step S3 of Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0035] Figure 4 is the photo of the state of Forsythia suspensa, Scutellaria baicalensis, Mahonia bealei, and Chrysanthemum morifolium after blowing and drying at 35°C for 24h in step S3 of Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0036] Figure 5 is the photo of the state of Forsythia suspensa, Scutellaria baicalensis, Mahonia bealei, and Chrysanthemum morifolium after blowing and drying at 35°C for 48h in step S3 of Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a photo of the state of Mahonia bealei and Chrysanthemum morifolium on the third day of blowing and drying at 35°C in step S3 of Embodiment 1 of this application. Specific implementation manners

[0038] The following further elaborates on this application in conjunction with embodiments. It should be specifically noted that: for those not specifying specific conditions in the following embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Except for special instructions, the raw materials used in the following embodiments can all be obtained from ordinary commercial sources.

[0039] The plants for making plant herbarium specimens provided in this application can be woody plants or herbaceous plants. For woody plants, branches with intact leaves having flowers or fruits of normal and healthy growing plants are often cut, along with some old branches, while keeping the specimens clean. For herbaceous plants, the whole plant is collected, and the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits must be complete.

[0040] Embodiment 1

[0041] A method for efficiently and quickly making plant herbarium specimens, comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1. Plant collection. First, conduct preliminary sorting. Cut off the excess branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits according to the size of the specimen press, retain 3 - 5 flowers and fruits, and retain small sections of flower, fruit, and leaf stalks to show their attachment conditions. After classifying and sorting the plants, wash and wipe off impurities such as soil and insect eggs on the plants to keep them in a natural state. After preliminary pruning, arrange the plants on hemp paper, keeping the flowers and leaves flat, without the leaves being wrinkled or overlapping. Place one leaf on the reverse side, and try to have different observation surfaces for the flowers, fruits, and stems. For overly long herbaceous and vine plants, they can be folded once or twice to form a "V", "N", or "W" shape, with the condition that they do not expose the hemp paper, to obtain specimen materials;

[0043] S2. Place a corrugated cardboard on the lower clamp of the specimen press, then lay 3 pieces of hemp paper on the corrugated cardboard, then place the plant specimen materials sorted in step S1 on the hemp paper, cover the specimen materials with another 3 pieces of hemp paper, and then press the corrugated cardboard on the hemp paper. The above operations are the pressing basis for one specimen material. Repeat the above operations to complete the pressing of 9 specimen materials. Refer to Figure 1 , and finally place the upper clamp of the specimen press on the corrugated cardboard and fix the specimen press with a binding strap;

[0044] Among them, the hemp paper is the fishing hemp paper hand - made from Broussonetia papyrifera bark in Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province. The hemp paper is obtained by collecting Broussonetia papyrifera bark and going through processes such as sun - drying, adding lime, soaking, bleaching, fishing, pressing, and pasting on the wall for cooking, hammering, and cutting into paper;

[0045] S3. First, blow-dry the obtained specimen sample at 45 °C for 6 h, then change the paper, shape it, and blow-dry it at 35 °C. During this period, change the paper every 24 h. After 3 days, complete the specimen setting and drying to obtain a herbarium specimen. The state diagrams of Forsythia suspensa, Scutellaria baicalensis, Mahonia bealei, and Chrysanthemum morifolium as specimen materials after baking with the above parameters are respectively as Figures 2-6 shown.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A method for efficiently and quickly making herbarium specimens of plants, comprising the following steps:

[0048] S1. Plant collection. First, conduct preliminary sorting. Cut off the excess branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits according to the size of the specimen press, retain 3-5 flowers and fruits, and retain small sections of flower, fruit, and leaf stalks to show their attachment conditions. After classifying and sorting the plants, wash and wipe off the soil, insect eggs and other impurities on the plants to keep them in a natural state. After preliminary pruning, arrange the plants on hemp paper, keep the flowers and leaves flat, the leaves should not be wrinkled or overlapped, place one leaf on the reverse side, and try to have different observation surfaces for the flowers, fruits, and stems. For overlong herbs and vines, they can be folded once or twice to form "V", "N", or "W" shapes, with the degree of not showing the hemp paper, to obtain specimen materials;

[0049] S2. Place a corrugated cardboard on the lower clamping plate of the specimen press, then lay 3 pieces of hemp paper on the corrugated cardboard, then place the plant specimen materials sorted in step S1 on the hemp paper, cover the specimen materials with another 3 pieces of hemp paper, and then press the corrugated cardboard on the hemp paper. The above operations are the pressing basis for one specimen material. Repeat the above operations. After pressing 8 specimen materials, finally place the upper clamping plate of the specimen press on the corrugated cardboard and fix the specimen press with a binding strap;

[0050] Among them, the hemp paper is the hand-made fishing hemp paper made from Broussonetia papyrifera bark in Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province. The hemp paper is obtained by collecting Broussonetia papyrifera bark, followed by processes such as sun-drying, adding lime, soaking, bleaching, fishing, pressing dry, and pasting on the wall, and then steaming, hammering, and cutting into paper;

[0051] S3. First, blow-dry the obtained specimen sample at 42 °C for 7 h, then change the paper, shape it, and blow-dry it at 32 °C. During this period, change the paper every 24 h. After 4 days, complete the specimen setting and drying to obtain a herbarium specimen.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] A method for efficiently and quickly making herbarium specimens of plants, comprising the following steps:

[0054] S1. Plant collection. First, conduct preliminary sorting. Cut off the excess branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits according to the size of the specimen press. Retain 3 - 5 flowers and fruits, and retain small segments of flower, fruit, and leaf stalks to display their attachment status. After classifying and sorting the plants, clean and wipe off the soil, insect eggs, and other impurities on the plants to keep them in their natural state. After preliminary pruning, arrange the plants on hemp paper, keeping the flowers and leaves flat. The leaves should not be wrinkled or overlapped. Place one leaf on the reverse side, and try to have different observation surfaces for the flowers, fruits, and stems. For overly long herbs and vines, they can be folded once or twice to form a "V", "N", or "W" shape, with the degree that they do not expose the hemp paper, to obtain the specimen materials;

[0055] S2. Place a corrugated cardboard on the lower clamp of the specimen press. Then lay 4 pieces of hemp paper on the corrugated cardboard. Next, place the plant specimen materials sorted in step S1 on the hemp paper, and then cover the specimen materials with 4 more pieces of hemp paper. Then press the corrugated cardboard on the hemp paper. The above operations are the pressing basis for one specimen material. Repeat the above operations. After pressing 9 specimen materials, finally place the upper clamp of the specimen press on the corrugated cardboard and fix the specimen press with a binding strap;

[0056] Among them, the hemp paper is the fishing paper hemp paper hand - made from Broussonetia papyrifera bark in Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province. It is the hemp paper obtained by collecting Broussonetia papyrifera bark and going through processes such as sun - drying, adding lime, soaking, bleaching, fishing, pressing, and pasting on the wall, and then cooking, hammering, and cutting to make paper;

[0057] S3. First, blow - dry the obtained specimen sample at 48 °C for 4 h, then change the paper and shape it, and blow - dry it at 38 °C. During this period, change the paper once every 24 h. After 3 days, complete the specimen shaping and drying to obtain the plant herbarium specimen.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] A method for efficiently and quickly making plant herbarium specimens is carried out according to the method in Example 1. The difference is that the specimen materials obtained in step S1 are first immersed in a copper acetate treatment solution at an immersion temperature of 75 °C. After immersing for 80 s, add an aspartic acid solution, and then continue to immerse. When the specimen materials return to their original color, place them in clean water for soaking, then take them out and after water absorption treatment with hemp paper, enter the operation of step S2. Among them, the copper acetate treatment solution is obtained by mixing a saturated copper acetate solution and water in a volume ratio of 1:4.5. The saturated copper acetate solution is obtained by adding copper acetate to 50% mass - concentration glacial acetic acid until saturation to obtain the copper acetate solution;

[0060] The aspartic acid solution is a 25% mass - concentration aspartic acid solution, and the addition amount of the aspartic acid solution is 12 wt% of the copper acetate treatment solution.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] An efficient and rapid method for making herbarium specimens of plants is carried out according to the method in Example 1, with the difference that the specimen material obtained in step S1 is first immersed in a copper acetate treatment solution at an immersion temperature of 70 °C. After immersing for 90 s, an aspartic acid solution is added, and then the immersion continues. When the specimen material shows its original color, it is immersed in clean water, taken out, and then subjected to blotting with hemp paper before entering the operation of step S2. Among them, the copper acetate treatment solution is obtained by mixing a saturated copper acetate solution and water in a volume ratio of 1:4, and the saturated copper acetate solution is obtained by adding copper acetate to 50% mass concentration glacial acetic acid until saturation to obtain a copper acetate solution;

[0063] The aspartic acid solution is a 20% mass concentration aspartic acid solution, and the addition amount of the aspartic acid solution is 8 wt% of the copper acetate treatment solution.

[0064] Example 6

[0065] An efficient and rapid method for making herbarium specimens of plants is carried out according to the method in Example 1, with the difference that the specimen material obtained in step S1 is first immersed in a copper acetate treatment solution at an immersion temperature of 80 °C. After immersing for 60 s, an aspartic acid solution is added, and then the immersion continues. When the specimen material shows its original color, it is immersed in clean water, taken out, and then subjected to blotting with hemp paper before entering the operation of step S2. Among them, the copper acetate treatment solution is obtained by mixing a saturated copper acetate solution and water in a volume ratio of 1:5, and the saturated copper acetate solution is obtained by adding copper acetate to 50% mass concentration glacial acetic acid until saturation to obtain a copper acetate solution;

[0066] The aspartic acid solution is a 30% mass concentration aspartic acid solution, and the addition amount of the aspartic acid solution is 15 wt% of the copper acetate treatment solution.

[0067] Example 7

[0068] An efficient and rapid method for making herbarium specimens of plants is carried out according to the method in Example 4, with the difference that no aspartic acid solution is added.

[0069] Example 8

[0070] An efficient and rapid method for making herbarium specimens of plants is carried out according to the method in Example 4, with the difference that amino trimethylene phosphonic acid is also added to the aspartic acid solution, and the addition amount of amino trimethylene phosphonic acid is 4 wt% of the addition amount of aspartic acid.

[0071] Example 9

[0072] An efficient and rapid method for making herbarium specimens of plants is carried out according to the method in Example 4, with the difference that amino trimethylene phosphonic acid is also added to the aspartic acid solution, and the addition amount of amino trimethylene phosphonic acid is 3 wt% of the addition amount of aspartic acid.

[0073] Example 10

[0074] A method for efficiently and rapidly making herbarium specimens of plants is carried out according to the method in Example 4, except that amino trimethylene phosphonic acid is further added to the aspartic acid solution, and the addition amount of amino trimethylene phosphoric acid is 5wt% of the addition amount of aspartic acid.

[0075] Comparative Example 1

[0076] A method for efficiently and rapidly making herbarium specimens of plants is carried out according to the method in Example 1, except that the hemp paper in step S2 is equally replaced with blotting paper, more specifically filter paper.

[0077] Comparative Example 2

[0078] A method for efficiently and rapidly making herbarium specimens of plants is carried out according to the method in Example 1, except that in step S3, the specimen sample is dried by blowing at 45 °C for 6 days, and the paper needs to be changed 2 times every day in the first two days and 1 time every day in the next three days.

[0079] Comparative Example 3

[0080] A method for efficiently and rapidly making herbarium specimens of plants is carried out according to the method in Example 1, except that in step S3, the specimen sample is dried by blowing at 35 °C for 7 days, and the paper needs to be changed 2 times every day in the first three days and 1 time every day in the next four days.

[0081] Comparative Example 4

[0082] A method for efficiently and rapidly making herbarium specimens of plants is carried out according to the method in Example 1, except that in step S3, alternating hot and cold air drying is adopted. More specifically, first, it is dried by blowing at 45 °C for 6 h, the paper is changed, the shape is adjusted, and then it is dried by blowing at 15 °C for 20 min, and this cycle of drying is carried out for 4 days.

[0083] Performance detection

[0084] First, observe the herbarium specimens obtained in the examples and comparative examples of this application. It can be seen that the herbarium specimens obtained in the examples have good flatness, the leaves are pressed flat, the leaves are closely attached to the specimen clamp and are evenly distributed among various parts, and moreover, the color of the herbarium specimens has no browning or discoloration, the leaf color is uniform, the color preservation effect is high, and it is basically in its original color. While the flatness and color preservation of the herbarium specimens in Comparative Example 1 are reduced compared with those in Example 1; then combined with the herbarium specimens obtained in Comparative Example 2, although the color is retained well, black spots are occasionally seen. And for the herbarium specimens in Comparative Example 3, they are not dried after 3 days of drying, and are dried after 7 days of treatment but black spots are occasionally seen, and their color preservation effect is reduced compared with that in Example 1. The flatness in Comparative Example 4 is equivalent to that in Example 1, and the color preservation effect is also good.

[0085] In order to more clearly compare the specimen color preservation effects obtained in the above-mentioned examples and comparative examples, color difference values of the herbarium specimens in the examples and comparative examples of this application were statistically analyzed. Five points at different parts of the same leaf of (Mahonia bealei) in the examples and comparative examples were respectively selected to measure their color values with a color difference meter, and the average values were recorded. The color values of five parts were respectively recorded, and finally, the leaf with the color closest to that before treatment among the five parts of the specimen leaves treated by the methods in the examples and comparative examples was selected, and the color values of five points at different parts of this leaf were selected and their average values were recorded. The color difference values were calculated by measuring the color data in the above two stages with a color difference meter, and are represented by ΔE. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0086] Table 1:

[0087]

[0088] The smaller the color difference value, the smaller the color change, the closer to the color at the time of collection, and the better the color preservation effect.

[0089] From the detection results in Table 1 above, it can be seen that when preparing herbarium specimens by the method in the examples of this application, it has good color preservation ability, excellent color and smoothness, and its production cycle is shorter. Combining the detection results of Example 1 and Examples 4-6 and Example 7, it can be seen that in Example 7, when the plant is first pretreated in the copper acetate treatment solution, its color preservation effect is improved compared with Example 1, and with the cooperation of the treatment with aspartic acid, its color preservation performance is further significantly improved. The color of the herbarium specimen prepared in Example 4 is closer to the color of the initial plant. Combining the detection results of Examples 8-10, when aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid is added to the aspartic acid solution, its color preservation performance is further improved.

[0090] Referring to the detection results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 again, it can be seen that when using hemp paper in this application, compared with the commonly used filter paper and blotting paper, its color preservation performance is better. On the one hand, because the hemp paper with better toughness is selected in this application, it can better fit the specimen material, and finally has better smoothness. And the flat specimen can better maintain the original morphological and structural characteristics of the plant during pressing and drying, thereby reducing the loss and oxidation of pigments. Therefore, the flat specimen can better maintain its color. Combining the detection results of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, when using a single drying system for drying, its color decreases, and in Comparative Example 4, although the color is similar with the hot and cold alternating drying system, its production cycle is longer.

[0091] This specific embodiment is only an interpretation of the present application and does not limit the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without creative contributions as needed, but as long as it is within the scope of the claims of the present application, it is protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently and quickly making herbarium specimens of plants, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. After collecting herbaceous and woody plants, specimen materials are obtained through processing; S2. Using the lower clamping plate of the specimen clamp as the bottom plate, a corrugated paper, a hemp paper, the specimen material, a hemp paper, and a corrugated paper are sequentially laid from bottom to top as a pressing basis. Repeat the above operation. After all the specimen materials are pressed, place the upper clamping plate of the specimen clamp on the top layer, and fix it to obtain a specimen body; S3. First, blow-dry the obtained specimen body at 45 ± 3 °C for 4 - 7 h, then change the paper, shape it, and blow-dry it at 35 ± 3 °C. After 2 - 4 d, complete the specimen shaping and drying to obtain a herbarium specimen; In step S1, the obtained specimen materials are first immersed in a copper acetate treatment solution at an immersion temperature of 70 - 80 °C. After immersing for 60 - 90 s, add an aspartic acid solution, and then continue to immerse. When the specimen materials show their original color, immerse them in clean water, take them out, and then enter step S2 operation after absorbing water with hemp paper.

2. The method for efficiently and quickly making a plant herbarium specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, when blow-drying at 35 ± 3 °C, change the paper once a day.

3. A method for efficiently and quickly making plant herbarium specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of step S3 is as follows: First, blow-dry at 45 °C for 6 h, then change the paper, shape it, and blow-dry at 35 °C. During this period, change the paper once every 24 h. After 2 - 4 d, complete the specimen shaping and drying.

4. A method for efficiently and quickly making plant herbarium specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of step S2 is as follows: Place a corrugated cardboard on the lower clamping plate of the specimen clamp, then lay 3 - 4 hemp papers on the corrugated cardboard, then place the plant specimen materials on the hemp papers, cover the specimen materials with 3 - 4 hemp papers, and then press the corrugated cardboard on the hemp papers. Repeat the above operation until all the specimen materials are pressed. Finally, place the upper clamping plate of the specimen clamp on the corrugated cardboard and fix the specimen clamp with a binding band.

5. A method for efficiently and quickly making plant herbarium specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hemp paper selected is the hemp paper obtained by the Zhaishui manual fishing paper with Broussonetia papyrifera as the raw material.

6. The method for efficiently and rapidly making herbarium specimens of plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific operation of step S1 is as follows: After collecting the plants, they are also washed, and the soil, insect eggs, and impurities on the plants are wiped off to keep them in a natural state.

7. A method for efficiently and quickly making herbarium specimens of plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The copper acetate treatment solution is obtained by mixing a saturated copper acetate solution and water in a volume ratio of 1:(4 - 5). The saturated copper acetate solution is obtained by adding copper acetate to glacial acetic acid with a mass concentration of 50% until saturation to obtain a copper acetate solution; the aspartic acid solution is an aspartic acid solution with a mass concentration of 20 - 30%, and the addition amount of the aspartic acid solution is 8 - 15 wt% of the copper acetate treatment solution.

8. A method for efficiently and quickly making plant herbarium specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aspartic acid solution is also added with aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid, and the addition amount of aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid is 3 - 5 wt% of the addition amount of aspartic acid.

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