Automatic electric handstand machine

Abstract

An automatic electric handstand machine is controlled by a microcomputer, periodic handstand position time, upright position time, an angle of the handstand position, the number of periods of exercise and the like are visually set, and a motor drives a flat plate to rotate through a worm and gear speed reducer and a power-off separation jaw tooth type electromagnetic clutch. The Hall angle sensor sends a panel angle signal to the microcomputer motor controller, and the panel automatically operates according to set parameters, so that an exerciser can conveniently and frequently rise and fall without increasing the physical burden of the exerciser.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to fitness and rehabilitation equipment.

[0002] The present invention is described with normal people as the object.

[0003] 1 Medical textbook excerpt

[0004] The human body is an extremely complex whole in both structure and function.

[0005] Cells are the basic units of life and the basic execution units of life activities. The total number of cells in the human body reaches tens of trillions, which can be divided into more than 200 types according to their functions. Different groups of cells constitute various tissues and organs, and organs with the same functions form systems. They perform their respective duties, are interconnected, and work closely together to form the overall sum of the body's life activities.

[0006] Stem cells are a type of cell, and cells contain stem cells. Stem cells exist in various tissues throughout the development of the human body. They have the basic biological characteristics of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potential. They are the main basis for the growth and development of individuals, the maintenance of the dynamic balance of the structure and function of tissues and organs, and the regeneration and repair after injury. It is generally believed that the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells are related to the microenvironment in the tissues where they are located.

[0007] The fluids in the human body are collectively called body fluids. The body fluids in cells are called intracellular fluids, and the body fluids outside cells are called extracellular fluids. Extracellular fluids include plasma, tissue fluid, lymph and cerebrospinal fluid. Since the environment that cells in the body are in direct contact with is extracellular fluid, extracellular fluid is usually called the internal environment. The homeostasis of the internal environment is referred to as homeostasis, which refers to the physical and chemical properties of the internal environment, such as temperature, pH, osmotic pressure and the relative constant state of various liquid components. The homeostasis of the internal environment is not static but a dynamic balance. The internal environment is extremely important to the body and is the environment on which the body depends for survival. All adjustments of the body's life activities revolve around maintaining this homeostasis.

[0008] In order for an organism (cell) to survive, it must constantly exchange substances and energy with the environment, absorb nutrients to synthesize its own substances, and constantly decompose its own aging and degenerated substances, and excrete the decomposition products out of the body (outside the cell). This self-renewal process is called metabolism. Since metabolism includes the synthesis, decomposition and energy conversion and utilization of various substances in the body, it includes material metabolism and energy metabolism. Once metabolism stops, life activities will end, so metabolism is the most basic characteristic of life activities.

[0009] Humoral regulation refers to a regulatory method in which special chemical substances secreted by certain tissue cells of the body reach and act on the corresponding receptors on target cells through humoral pathways, affecting the physiological activities of target cells.

[0010] The human body has three states: health, disease and sub-health. Health is a state of physical, mental and social adaptation, including a strong body, a sound psychological and mental state and a good social adaptation state. It is the normal state of the human body. Disease is an abnormal life state corresponding to health. Disease is an abnormal life activity process caused by the disorder of the body's homeostasis regulation under the action of etiology. In the course of the disease, the intact state of physical, mental and social adaptation is destroyed, and the body enters a state of imbalance in the homeostasis of the internal environment and is not adapted to the environment or society. Sub-health is a state of low physiological function between health and disease. A survey by the World Health Organization shows that about 5% of the population is truly healthy, about 20% suffer from diseases, and about 75% are in a sub-healthy state. Middle-aged people are the high-risk group for sub-health.

[0011] There is a process in the life cycle in which the number of cells decreases and the functional activities continue to decline, weaken and eventually die as time goes by. This process is generally called aging, and it often appears as "aging" in the literature. Strictly speaking, aging is a dynamic process of aging, and aging is the end of aging, which is the state of the body from healthy aging to disease and functional degradation. In the human body, this kind of aging is mainly manifested in the degenerative changes or decline of the functions of the various organ systems and their tissue cells of the human body with the increase of age, and the gradual weakening of the ability to adapt to the internal and external environment. It has the characteristics of systemic, progressive, intrinsic and degenerative. Progeria is the advance of aging in time.

[0012] Rehabilitation refers to the use of various measures to eliminate or alleviate the physical, mental and social dysfunction of the rehabilitation subjects (sick, injured, disabled, etc.) so that their functions can reach or remain at the best level. It can enhance their ability to take care of themselves, return to society, and improve their quality of life. Although some pathological changes cannot be eliminated, rehabilitation can still enable individuals to reach their best living state.

[0013] Blood is composed of plasma and blood cells suspended in it. Blood is a fluid tissue, but not an ideal fluid. Blood circulates in the cardiovascular system, and transportation is the basic function of blood. Blood transports oxygen obtained from the lungs and nutrients absorbed from the intestines to various organs, tissues and cells, and transports hormones produced by endocrine glands to corresponding target cells. On the other hand, blood transports carbon dioxide produced by cell metabolism to the lungs, and transports other metabolic end products to excretory organs such as the kidneys for excretion. In addition, blood also has a buffering function, transporting heat to participate in maintaining a relatively constant body temperature, so blood plays a very important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the body's internal environment. Blood also has important defense and protection functions, participating in the body's physiological hemostasis, and resisting various infections and immune responses caused by microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. The total blood volume refers to the total blood volume of the whole body. The total blood volume of a normal adult is about 8% of the body weight, and a person weighing 60 kg has a blood volume of about 4.8 liters. Most of the body's blood circulates rapidly in the cardiovascular system, which is called circulating blood volume. A small part of the blood is retained in the liver, lungs, abdominal veins and subcutaneous venous plexus, and flows very slowly, which is called stored blood volume. When the total blood volume or blood flow to tissues and organs is insufficient, it may cause tissue damage, which may even be life-threatening in severe cases.

[0014] The circulatory system includes the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system, and is a relatively closed pipeline system. The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart is located in the chest cavity, with an atrium and ventricle on each side, respectively called the left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and right ventricle. The blood vessels include the arterial system, capillary system, and venous system, which are connected in series. The arterial system can be divided into aorta, middle artery, arteriole, and arteriole according to the inner diameter of the blood vessels from thick to thin, and they are connected in series in series. The venous system can be divided into venules, small veins, middle veins, and large veins according to the inner diameter of the blood vessels from thin to thick, and they are also connected in series in series. At both ends of the capillaries, one end is connected to the arteriole, and the other end is connected to the venule. Capillaries are distributed throughout the tissues and organs of the human body. The caliber of the capillaries is very small, and the wall of the capillaries is composed of only a single layer of endothelial cells, which is surrounded by a thin layer of basement membrane, so its permeability is very high. It is the main place for the exchange of substances between the inside and outside of the blood vessels, so it is also called exchange vessels. The capacity vessels are the venous system. Compared with arteries of the same level, veins are more numerous, thinner in wall, larger in caliber, and more expandable, so their capacity is larger. Blood circulation is divided into systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation. The aorta of the systemic circulation connects to the left ventricle, and the great veins connect to the right atrium. Blood vessels are complex elastic pipes rather than rigid pipes. The aorta of the pulmonary circulation connects to the right ventricle, and the great veins connect to the left atrium. The driving effect of the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart on blood is called the pump function of the heart, which is the main function of the heart. When the left ventricle is in diastole, blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle. After the left ventricle contracts and ejects blood into the aorta, the blood is distributed to tissues throughout the body through the arterial system, and flows back to the right atrium after passing through the capillaries and venous system. This is the systemic circulation. When the right ventricle is in diastole, blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts and ejects blood into the pulmonary aorta. After flowing through the capillaries and venous system of the lungs, it flows into the left atrium. This is the pulmonary circulation. The systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation constitute a complete blood circulation. The blood circulation between arterioles and venules is called microcirculation, which is the place where the body exchanges substances and gases with the outside world.

[0015] Blood flow refers to the amount of blood flowing through a certain cross-section of a blood vessel per unit time, also known as volume velocity. The unit of blood flow is usually milliliters per minute or liters per minute. Blood flow velocity refers to the linear velocity of a particle in the blood moving in the blood vessel. Blood flow resistance refers to the resistance encountered by blood when flowing through the blood vessel. The power for blood to flow in a section of blood vessel comes from the pressure difference at both ends of the blood vessel; blood flow is proportional to blood flow velocity and also proportional to pressure difference; blood flow velocity is proportional to pressure difference; blood flow is inversely proportional to blood flow resistance. The amount of blood in the systemic circulation is about 84% of the total blood volume (about 4.1 liters for a person weighing 60 kg). In a quiet state, the venous system can accommodate 64% (about 3.1 liters for a person weighing 60 kg) of blood. Part of the fluid regulation must be achieved with the help of blood circulation.

[0016] Plasma is a crystalline substance solution, including water and various electrolytes, small molecular organic compounds and some gases dissolved therein. Since these solutes and water can easily pass through the capillary wall to exchange with substances in the tissue fluid, the electrolyte content in plasma is basically the same as that in the tissue fluid. Plasma contains a variety of proteins, collectively known as plasma proteins. The tissue fluid is formed by the filtration of plasma through the capillary wall into the interstitial space, and is the internal environment for the survival of cells. Most of the tissue fluid is in a jelly state and cannot flow freely, so it will not flow to the lower part of the body due to gravity. The diffusion movement of water in the gel and various solute molecules dissolved in the water is not hindered by the gel, and can still exchange substances with blood and intracellular fluid. A small part of the tissue fluid adjacent to the capillaries is in a sol state and can flow freely. Due to the selective permeability of capillaries, the various ion components in the tissue fluid are the same as those in plasma, but there is a significant difference in the protein concentration between the tissue fluid and plasma. Under normal circumstances, tissue fluid is continuously produced by the arterial end of the capillaries, while part of the tissue fluid returns to the capillaries through the venous end of the capillaries, and the other part of the tissue fluid returns to the blood circulation through the lymphatic vessels. Therefore, the amount of normal tissue fluid is in a dynamic equilibrium state, which depends on the combined action of four factors, namely: capillary blood pressure, tissue fluid hydrostatic pressure, plasma colloid osmotic pressure and tissue fluid colloid osmotic pressure. The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen and thymus. Lymphatic fluid comes from tissue fluid and is absorbed through capillary lymphatic vessels. The power of capillary lymphatic vessels to absorb tissue fluid comes from the pressure difference between tissue fluid and lymph fluid in capillary lymphatic vessels. The higher the pressure difference, the faster the absorption of tissue fluid. Once the tissue fluid enters the lymphatic vessels, it becomes lymph fluid, so the composition of lymph fluid is very similar to that of the tissue fluid at that location. Whether the lymphatic system is unobstructed directly affects the return of tissue fluid. The capillary lymphatic vessels anastomose to form a network and gradually merge into larger collecting lymphatic vessels. There are valves in the lumen of lymphatic vessels to prevent lymph from flowing back. The walls of the collecting lymphatic vessels have smooth muscles. The contraction of the smooth muscles of the walls of the collecting lymphatic vessels and the valves in the lymphatic lumen together constitute a "lymphatic pump" to promote the centripetal return of lymph. The collecting lymphatic vessels collect lymph from the whole body, and finally flow into the veins through the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct. The physiological significance of lymphatic return is to recycle protein, transport fat and other nutrients, and at the same time regulate body fluid balance, and have defense and immune functions. Lymph can bring protein molecules in tissue fluid, macromolecules that cannot be reabsorbed by capillaries, and red blood cells in tissues back to the blood, thereby maintaining the normal concentration of plasma protein. In addition, the lymphatic system is also one of the main ways for the body to absorb nutrients. Cerebrospinal fluid is a colorless and transparent liquid present in the ventricles and subarachnoid space, with a total volume of about 150 ml and an average daily output of about 500 ml. Cerebrospinal fluid surrounds and supports the entire brain and spinal cord, protecting and buffering the impact of external forces, and protecting the brain and spinal cord from damage. It plays the same role as lymph fluid in other parts of the body in metabolism and fighting inflammation.There are mechanical and permeability barriers between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and between the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain, which are called the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and the cerebrospinal fluid-brain barrier, respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid is continuously produced and absorbed and flows back to the veins. Cerebrospinal fluid is mainly produced by the choroid plexus (the structure of the choroid plexus is a cluster of capillary networks). The flow of cerebrospinal fluid has a certain directionality. Finally, the cerebrospinal fluid is infiltrated back to the superior sagittal sinus through the arachnoid granules beside the sagittal sinus, completing the cerebrospinal fluid circulation. The secretion pressure of cerebrospinal fluid mainly depends on the difference between the mean arterial pressure and the intracranial pressure. The greater the secretion pressure, the greater the amount of cerebrospinal fluid produced, and vice versa. The absorption rate of cerebrospinal fluid depends on the pressure difference between the intracranial pressure and the venous pressure. The greater the pressure difference, the faster the absorption rate of cerebrospinal fluid, and vice versa. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by special blood vessels inside the brain and absorbed by special venous blood vessels. The production and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid are linked to the systemic circulation in the blood circulation. Tissue fluid, lymph fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma are closely related. The production and absorption of tissue fluid, lymph fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid are closely related to the blood pressure at the production and absorption points.

[0017] A mechanical activity cycle consisting of one contraction and relaxation of the heart is called a cardiac cycle. The length of the cardiac cycle is inversely related to the heart rate. If the heart rate of a normal adult is 75 beats per minute, each cardiac cycle lasts 0.8 seconds. In a cardiac cycle, the left and right atria contract first, lasting 0.1 seconds, followed by atrium relaxation, lasting 0.7 seconds. The atrial contraction period lasts 0.1 seconds, and the diastole period lasts 0.7 seconds. Shortly after the end of atrial contraction, the ventricles contract first, lasting 0.3 seconds, followed by ventricular relaxation, lasting 0.5 seconds. The ventricular contraction period lasts 0.3 seconds, and the diastole period lasts 0.5 seconds. The atria are also in a diastolic state for the first 0.4 seconds of ventricular diastole, and this period is called global diastole. In a cardiac cycle, the activities of the atria and ventricles proceed in a certain order and schedule. The activities of the left and right atria are synchronous. The activities of the left and right ventricles are also synchronous. The contraction period of the atria and ventricles is shorter than their respective diastole periods. During the whole heart diastole and the atrial contraction period, i.e., the ventricular diastole period, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles, and the heart is constantly filled. One cardiac activity cycle is one heart beat, referred to as a heartbeat. The amount of blood ejected by one ventricle in one heart beat is called the stroke volume, referred to as stroke volume. Under normal circumstances, the stroke volume is adapted to the ventricular end-diastolic volume, that is, the stroke volume increases with the increase in the ventricular end-diastolic volume. The amount of blood pumped out of one ventricle per minute is called the minute output, also known as cardiac output. Cardiac output is adapted to the body's metabolic level. The cardiac output calculated per unit body surface area is called the cardiac index. The cardiac index measured at rest and fasting is called the resting cardiac index, which can be used as an evaluation index for comparing the cardiac function of individuals of different statures. The cardiac index can also change in different age groups of the same individual. The resting cardiac index is the highest for teenagers around 10 years old, and then gradually decreases with age.

[0018] Preload refers to the load that the myocardium bears before contraction. Since preload is the force that pulls the myocardium, the greater the preload, the longer the myocardium is stretched. Therefore, preload determines the length of the myocardium before contraction, that is, the initial length. At this time, the tension of elastic return due to the pulling of the myocardium belongs to passive tension. Preload and initial length are synonymous. The shape of the heart is hollow and approximates a sphere. The initial length of the ventricular muscle depends on the blood filling degree of the ventricular end diastole. In other words, the ventricular end diastolic volume is relative to the preload of the ventricular muscle. Since measuring the intraventricular pressure is more convenient than measuring the ventricular volume, and the ventricular end diastolic volume has a good correlation with the ventricular end diastolic pressure within a certain range, the ventricular end diastolic pressure is often used in experiments to reflect the preload. In addition, because the intra-atrial pressure at the end of ventricular diastole in normal people is almost equal to the intra-ventricular pressure, and the intra-atrial pressure is more convenient to measure, the intra-atrial pressure at the end of ventricular diastole is often used to reflect the ventricular preload. The initial length of the myocardium has an important influence on the contractile force of the myocardium, but the relationship between the initial length of the myocardium and the contractile function is special. When the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is between 5 and 15 mmHg, as the ventricular end-diastolic pressure increases, the ventricular stroke work also increases, and the stroke volume increases. Under normal conditions, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is only 5 to 6 mmHg, and the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is 12 to 15 mmHg, which is the optimal initial length of the ventricle, indicating that the ventricle has a large initial length reserve. When the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is between 15 and 20 mmHg, the increase in the stroke work with the increase in the ventricular end-diastolic pressure is very small. When the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is higher than 20 mmHg, the stroke work does not increase with the increase in the ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and even decreases slightly, indicating that even if the ventricular preload exceeds 20 mmHg, the stroke work remains unchanged or only decreases slightly, and it only decreases in the ventricle with severe pathological changes.

[0019] The phenomenon that the increase of ventricular end-diastolic volume within a certain range can enhance ventricular contractility is called the law of the heart.

[0020] Normal ventricular muscle has a strong resistance to over-extension, so that when the preload of the heart increases significantly, the stroke volume and work capacity will generally not decrease. The resistance to over-extension of the myocardium does not mean that the initial length of the myocardium will no longer affect the myocardial contractile function after exceeding the optimal initial length, but that the initial length does not increase with the increase of the intraventricular pressure. However, in some patients with chronic heart disease, when the heart is over-expanded, the stroke volume and work per stroke will decrease, indicating that the myocardial contractile function has been seriously damaged at this time. The regulation of changes in myocardial contractility caused by changes in the initial length of the myocardium is called allometric autoregulation. Allometric autoregulation is a fine regulation of small changes in stroke volume to maintain a balance between ventricular ejection volume and venous return blood volume. Thus, the ventricular end-diastolic volume and pressure are kept within the normal range. For example, when the body position changes, the filling volume of the ventricle may change. This change can immediately change the stroke volume through allometric autoregulation, so that the stroke volume and venous return blood volume can reach a balance again. In most cases, the amount of venous blood returning to the heart is the main factor determining the size of the ventricular preload. When the duration of ventricular filling remains unchanged, the faster the venous return rate, the more venous blood returns to the heart; conversely, the less venous blood returns to the heart. During the whole heart diastole, the venous blood return rate depends on the difference between the venous pressure and the atrial and ventricular pressure. When the peripheral venous pressure increases (such as increased circulating blood volume, increased peripheral venous wall tension, etc.) and (or) the atrial and ventricular pressure decreases, the venous blood return rate increases.

[0021] When the diameter of the vein changes slightly, its volume may change greatly, which will obviously affect the amount of blood returning to the heart. At this time, the pressure in the vein does not change much, so the venous system acts as a blood storage depot.

[0022] Under normal circumstances, the heart contracts to eject blood from the heart into the arteries, and the heart relaxes to draw blood from the veins back to the heart. Under the regulation of the body, the blood ejected into the arteries and the blood returning to the heart from the veins maintain a dynamic balance.

[0023] Veins are channels for blood to return to the heart. Because they are easily dilated and have a large capacity, they are called capacity vessels and act as blood storage depots. The contraction and relaxation of veins can effectively regulate the amount of blood returning to the heart and cardiac output to meet the needs of the body under different physiological conditions. When blood reaches the venules through arteries and capillaries, blood pressure has dropped to 15 to 20 mmHg. There is no distinction between systolic and diastolic blood pressure in venules and it is almost unaffected by cardiac activity. The blood finally enters the right atrium, at which point blood pressure is close to zero. The blood pressure in the right atrium and the large veins in the chest cavity is usually called central venous pressure. Central venous pressure is low, with a normal fluctuation range of 4 to 12 mmH2O. Its level depends on the relationship between the heart's ejection capacity and the amount of venous blood returning to the heart. Weakened heart ejection capacity, congestion in the right atrium and vena cava, and increased venous blood returning to the heart with too fast a return rate can all lead to increased central venous pressure. Central venous pressure may increase in cases of increased blood volume, systemic venous contraction, or increased peripheral venous pressure due to arteriolar dilation. Blood in blood vessels can generate a certain amount of hydrostatic pressure on the blood vessel wall due to the influence of the earth's gravity field. The level of hydrostatic pressure in each part of the blood vessel depends on the body position. When the human body lies flat, the positions of various parts of the body and the heart are mostly at the same level, so the hydrostatic pressure is also roughly the same. When the human body changes from a supine position to an upright position, the blood pressure in the blood vessels of the feet is higher than when lying flat, and the increase is about 80 mmHg, which is equivalent to the hydrostatic pressure generated by the blood column from the feet to the heart. In the upright position, the pressure in the blood vessels above the heart is lower than in the supine position, such as the pressure in the sagittal sinus of the skull can drop to about -10 mmHg. For arteries and veins at the same level, the effect of gravity on hydrostatic pressure is the same, but the vein wall is thin, and its filling degree is greatly affected by the transmural pressure, so the effect of gravity on veins is much greater than that on arteries. Transmural pressure refers to the difference between the pressure of blood on the wall and the pressure of the extravascular tissue on the wall. Having a certain transmural pressure is a necessary condition for maintaining blood vessel filling and expansion. The walls of veins are thin, with fewer elastic fibers and smooth muscles. Therefore, when the transmural pressure decreases, the veins are prone to collapse, and the venous volume also decreases. On the contrary, when the transmural pressure increases, the veins are filled and dilated, and the volume increases. The resistance of veins to blood flow is very small, so when blood flows back from the venules to the right atrium, the pressure only decreases by about 15 mmHg. This is consistent with the function of ensuring the amount of venous return to the heart. As post-capillary resistance vessels, the contraction and relaxation of venules can affect the ratio of pre-capillary and post-capillary resistances, thereby changing the capillary blood pressure. The contraction of venules can increase the post-capillary resistance. If the pre-capillary resistance remains unchanged, the ratio of pre-capillary and post-capillary resistances decreases, which can lead to an increase in capillary blood pressure and an increase in tissue fluid production. Therefore, the contraction and relaxation of venules can regulate the distribution of body fluids in the blood vessels and tissue spaces, and indirectly regulate the amount of venous return to the heart. Transmural pressure can affect the expansion state of veins and change the resistance of venous blood flow. When large veins are in a dilated state, the resistance to blood flow is very small; but when the blood vessels collapse, the cross-sectional area of ​​their lumen decreases and the resistance to blood flow increases.The amount of venous blood returning to the heart is equal to the cardiac output per unit time, which depends on the difference between the peripheral venous pressure and the central venous pressure, as well as the venous blood flow resistance. The mean filling pressure of the systemic circulation is an indicator of the degree of filling of the vascular system. When the blood volume increases or the capacitance vessels contract, the mean filling pressure of the systemic circulation increases, and the amount of venous blood returning to the heart increases; conversely, the mean filling pressure of the systemic circulation decreases, and the amount of venous blood returning to the heart decreases. When the myocardial contractility increases, the ejection volume increases, the residual blood volume in the ventricle decreases, and the diastolic ventricular pressure is lower, thereby enhancing the suction force of the blood in the atrium and veins, so the amount of blood returning to the heart increases; conversely, the amount of blood returning to the heart decreases. When skeletal muscles contract, they squeeze the veins within and between muscles, thereby accelerating venous return; at the same time, the valves in the veins allow blood to flow only toward the heart and not back. Therefore, skeletal muscles and venous valves act as "pumps", called "muscle pumps" or "venous pumps". Changes in body position can affect the transmural pressure of the veins and thus change the amount of blood returning to the heart. When the body position changes from supine to upright, the veins in the lower part of the body expand due to the increase in transmural pressure, which can accommodate more blood, thus reducing the amount of blood returning to the heart. The pressure in the pleural cavity is usually lower than the atmospheric pressure, which is a negative pressure. Therefore, the transmural pressure of the large veins in the thoracic cavity is relatively large, and they are often in a state of filling and expansion. When inhaling, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, and the negative pressure in the thoracic cavity increases, which makes the large veins and right atrium in the thoracic cavity expand more, thereby facilitating the return of peripheral venous blood to the right atrium; when exhaling, the negative pressure in the pleural cavity decreases, and the amount of venous blood returning to the heart decreases accordingly. Therefore, respiratory movement also plays a "pump" role on venous return, which is called a "respiratory pump."

[0025] Pascal's barrel experiment. 2 Prior Art

[0026] People exercise their bodies by doing handstands for health reasons. In order to facilitate handstands, there are two types of handstand machines on the market: ordinary handstand machines and electric handstand machines. Ordinary handstand machines are composed of two parts: a flat plate and a bracket. The flat plate and the bracket form a complete handstand machine through bearings. The flat plate can rotate. When doing handstands, the exerciser is firmly fixed on the flat plate, and the exerciser's body position changes with the rotation of the flat plate. The normal upright position of the human body is perpendicular to the ground, and the supine position is parallel to the ground. The present invention defines the normal upright position of the human body as 0 degrees, and the supine position as 90 degrees. Leaning back from the normal upright position within the range of 0 degrees to 45 degrees is called the upright position, and leaning back from the normal upright position more than 45 degrees is called the inverted position. There are various angles of the inverted position, and the supine position belongs to the inverted position. Leaning back 180 degrees is the maximum angle of the inverted position, which cannot be exceeded.

[0027] Both of these inversion machines can easily flip the human body from an upright position to an inverted position.

[0028] 3 A New Way to Do a Handstand

[0029] In order to improve the training effect, the present invention proposes a new handstand method.

[0030] The new inverted method alternates between upright and inverted positions, one upright position and one inverted position constitute one cycle, and one exercise includes several cycles. One cycle includes three parameters: upright time, inverted time, and inverted angle. The present invention believes that the exercise effect of the new inverted method is related to the cumulative number of exercise days, the number of exercises per day, the number of cycles each time, and the three parameter values ​​of each cycle.

[0031] In order to achieve good exercise results by adopting the new inverted method for exercising, the present invention believes that the following points should be noted in combination with the exerciser's own specific conditions.

[0032] Exercise every day and persist for a long time, with the cumulative time being at least 1 year.

[0033] 1 to 5 times a day.

[0034] One cycle includes an inverted position and an upright position, with the inverted position first and the upright position later. For each of the several cycles, the sum of the time spent on each cycle is the time of one cycle, and one cycle is no less than 3 minutes.

[0035] In one cycle, the time in the inverted position is 5 seconds to 10 minutes, and the time in the upright position is 10 seconds to 20 minutes. The inverted angle is as large as possible.

[0036] When the new inverted method is used for exercise, the cumulative time is long, the number of times per day is large, the number of cycles per cycle is large, the total time is long, the inverted angle in each cycle is large, and the exercise volume is large; on the contrary, the cumulative time is short, the number of times per day is small, the number of cycles per cycle is small, the total time is short, the inverted angle in each cycle is small, and the exercise volume is small. The present invention believes that the larger the exercise volume, the better the exercise effect, on the contrary, the smaller the exercise volume, the poorer the exercise effect.

[0037] 4. How the new inversion method works

[0038] From medical textbooks and Pascal's barrel experiment, we know that blood is a fluid, and it has the power to flow to lower places under the action of gravity; changes in body position will change the hydrostatic pressure of various parts of the body (hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood column in the body on cells, tissues, and organs under the action of gravity, and its magnitude is the product of blood density, gravity acceleration, and blood column height.), changes in hydrostatic pressure cause changes in transmural pressure; changes in transmural pressure change the inner diameter, volume, and blood capacity of the veins; changes in hydrostatic pressure and venous blood capacity change the flow rate of venous blood and the amount of blood returning to the heart; changes in the amount of blood returning to the heart affect the preload of the heart; changes in the preload of the heart affect the heart's beat output; changes in the heart's beat output affect the whole body. The 180-degree inverted position is conducive to the blood in the veins of the lower limbs and abdominal cavity returning to the heart and congesting the veins of the head and neck; the upright position is conducive to the blood in the veins of the head and neck returning to the heart and congesting the veins of the lower limbs and abdominal cavity; alternating between the inverted position and the upright position many times speeds up the blood circulation of the whole body. The present invention calls the increase in cardiac output per beat by using a new inverted method "postural pump". The present invention believes that, with the help of gravity and mechanical effects, the postural pump increases the cardiac index and accelerates blood circulation without increasing the burden on the heart, speeds up the flow rate of blood that flows very slowly in the liver, lungs, abdominal veins and subcutaneous venous plexus, improves microcirculation, promotes the generation, absorption and circulation of lymph, tissue fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, optimizes the internal environment, maintains homeostasis, and provides good metabolic conditions for as many cells as possible. Accelerating blood circulation can also strengthen fluid regulation.

[0039] When the new inverted method is used to exercise in different body positions, the present invention believes that: (a) the flow rate of venous blood will change under the action of gravity, and the blood pressure difference at both ends of the capillaries will also change. (b) Gravity acts on the arterioles and capillaries throughout the body through the blood. (c) The fullness of the venous system changes with the body position, loosening and tightening, stretching and relaxing. The combined effect of (a), (b), and (c) is equivalent to massaging the cells, tissues, and organs near the arterioles, capillaries, venous system, and arteriole capillary venous system; the combined effect of (a), (b), and (c) can also increase the blood flow of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, and improve microcirculation and the microenvironment of stem cells.

[0040] When using the new inverted method to exercise, under the action of gravity, the positions of organs in the chest and abdomen such as the heart, lungs, stomach, liver and intestines will change with changes in body position. These changes are equivalent to massaging these organs.

[0041] When using the new inverted method to exercise, the contents of the stomach and intestines are affected by gravity and interact with the stomach and intestines, speeding up food digestion and stool excretion.

[0042] The present invention believes that the new inverted method of exercise can enhance the body's immunity and self-healing ability (the body's self-repair ability, such as the healing of skin wounds. Different people have the same wound, people with strong self-healing ability heal faster, and people with weak self-healing ability heal slower.), allowing the body to recover.

[0043] 5. A reference amount of exercise

[0044] The present invention believes that the new inverted method can cure, alleviate, mitigate and delay the sub-health state, disease state and aging state of the body. This process is only with the help of gravity and machinery, which belongs to physical therapy. Injection and oral medication belong to chemotherapy. The dosage of chemotherapy directly affects the efficacy. If the dosage is too small, the efficacy is poor, and if the dosage is too large, it may harm the body. Like chemotherapy, the new inverted method also has a "dosage" problem. This problem is the amount of exercise. If the amount of exercise is too small, the effect is poor, and if the amount of exercise is too large, it may cause harm to the body.

[0045] The present invention considers that the following is a reference exercise amount suitable for healthy people aged 18 to 45.

[0046] Persist for more than 3 years.

[0047] 1 to 5 times a day.

[0048] 20 cycles each time.

[0049] Each cycle lasts 3 minutes, with the inverted position first and the upright position later, 1 minute in the 180-degree inverted position (forming the longest blood column from the soles of the feet to the top of the head, which exerts the greatest pressure on the top of the head), and 2 minutes in the upright position, the same for each cycle. The total time used for 20 cycles is 60 minutes.

[0050] Upper limb movements. One cycle is 180 seconds, 0 to 60 seconds in the inverted position, and 61 to 180 seconds in the upright position. The upper limbs are straight, the palms are facing each other, and the distance between the palms is roughly equal to the width of the shoulders; 0 to 30 seconds in the inverted position, the fingertips are facing up, and the palms are located on both sides of the hips (during this period, the soles of the feet are at the highest position of the body with the lowest hydrostatic pressure, and the top of the head is at the lowest position of the body with the highest hydrostatic pressure.); 31 to 60 seconds, the palms are located below the top of the head, and the fingertips are facing down at the lowest position of the body (during this period, the soles of the feet are at the highest position of the body with the lowest hydrostatic pressure, and the fingertips are at the highest hydrostatic pressure). The distance from the soles of the feet to the fingertips is increased as much as possible to form the longest blood column in the body and obtain the maximum pressure on the fingertips. 61 to 90 seconds in the upright position, the palms are located above the top of the head, and the fingertips are facing up at the highest position of the body (during this period, the fingertips are at the lowest hydrostatic pressure, and the soles of the feet are at the lowest position of the body with the highest hydrostatic pressure.). The distance from the fingertips to the soles of the feet is increased as much as possible to obtain the maximum pressure of the blood column on the soles of the feet. From 91 to 180 seconds, the arms hang naturally (during this period, the top of the head is at the highest position of the body with the lowest hydrostatic pressure, and the soles of the feet are at the lowest position of the body with the highest hydrostatic pressure). When the fingertips of the upper limbs are higher or lower than the top of the head, the blood column formed by the body is the longest, which is conducive to achieving better exercise effects (the present invention believes that the longer the blood column, the better the exercise effect). The upper limbs are straightened, and the upper limb movements can also be from 0 to 30 seconds, the palms are below the top of the head with the fingertips facing downward and at the lowest position of the body, from 31 to 60 seconds, the palms are located on both sides of the hips with the fingertips facing upward, from 61 to 150 seconds, the palms are located on both sides of the hips with the fingertips facing downward, and from 151 to 180 seconds, the palms are located above the top of the head with the fingertips facing upward.

[0051] Chest and abdomen movements: When in the 180-degree inverted position, lift your chest to increase the volume of your chest cavity as much as possible, and pull your abdomen in to reduce the volume of your abdominal cavity as much as possible.

[0052] The above is the normal amount of exercise.

[0053] The first time you use a new inverted method for training, you should follow the principle of gradual progress. One cycle lasts 180 seconds (3 minutes), 0 to 60 seconds in inverted position, 61 to 180 seconds in upright position. The upper limbs are placed naturally on both sides of the body. Once a day in the first month, 10 cycles for a total of 30 minutes, and the inverted position angle is 105 degrees. Once a day in the second month, 20 cycles for a total of 60 minutes, and the inverted position angle is 105 degrees. Once a day in the third month, 20 cycles for a total of 60 minutes, and the inverted position angle is 120 degrees. Once a day in the fourth month, 20 cycles for a total of 60 minutes, and the inverted position angle is 135 degrees. Once a day in the fifth month, 20 cycles for a total of 60 minutes, and the inverted position angle is 150 degrees. Once a day in the sixth month, 20 cycles for a total of 60 minutes, and the inverted position angle is 180 degrees. In the 9th month, do it twice a day, with an interval of more than 4 hours between the two times, 20 cycles for a total of 60 minutes, and the inverted position angle is 180 degrees. Before starting normal exercise, there is no movement of the upper limbs, chest, and abdomen, just do it naturally. In the 13th month, start normal exercise. The above is a rough step-by-step process, and the exerciser can shorten or extend the process according to his or her own situation. For healthy people under 45 years old, the new inverted method of exercise can maintain health; for people who have been ill or seriously ill for various reasons, the road to recovery will be thorny and bumpy, but full of hope.

[0054] The new handstand method cannot replace other exercise methods, but rather complements other exercise methods such as anaerobic exercise, aerobic exercise, endurance training, and explosive power training.

[0055] 6 Benefits of Using a New Handstand Method

[0056] When the human body is attacked and acted upon by excessive physical, chemical, biological, psychological, social, time and unhealthy lifestyle factors, the blood circulation is poor, the internal environment deteriorates, the homeostasis is unbalanced, the stem cell microenvironment deteriorates, the normal state and function of cells are abnormal, the number of normal cells decreases, and the immunity and self-healing power (the ability of the body to repair itself) of the body cannot compete with it, the body will gradually leave the normal state and appear in sub-health state, disease state and aging state. Factors that cause the body to appear in sub-health state, disease state and aging state are called causes. Some causes can be removed, such as transferring from a high temperature and cold environment to a room temperature environment. Some causes cannot be removed, such as time. To return to the normal state from the sub-health state and the disease state, first try to get rid of the cause as much as possible, and secondly, if you need to see a doctor, you must see a doctor. The present invention believes that the use of a new inverted method to exercise can enhance the body's immunity and self-healing power. Strong immunity can resist some causes, making people less sick, mildly ill or not sick. Self-healing power can help the body return to a normal state partially or completely from a sub-health state and a disease state, and can also delay and alleviate the aging state. Poor blood circulation caused by various causes can lead to abnormal cell metabolism and various diseases in the body. The present invention believes that when a new inverted method is used for exercise, the circulating blood volume and stored blood volume (a small part of the blood is retained in the liver, lungs, abdominal veins and subcutaneous venous plexus, and the slow flow is called stored blood volume) can be accelerated through the action of the postural pump, thereby alleviating and treating various diseases caused by poor blood circulation. The accelerated blood flow and circulation also accelerate the generation, absorption and circulation of tissue fluid, lymph and cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore, accelerating blood circulation can optimize the internal environment and maintain homeostasis (the internal environment is extremely important to the body and is the environment on which the body depends for survival. All adjustments of the body's life activities are carried out around maintaining this homeostasis.) Create the best metabolic conditions for cells, improve the microenvironment of stem cells to create good conditions for the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, let each cell play its best function, promote cell regeneration, replace dysfunctional and non-functional cells with new normal function cells, and alleviate and delay sub-healthy states, disease states and aging states.

[0057] The power of the heart is not large (about 5 watts), and it is the main driving force for blood circulation. In order to maintain life, the heart must beat continuously, and the heartbeat accompanies a person throughout his life. Therefore, protecting the heart is protecting life. One way to protect the heart is to keep the heart healthy and not overload it for a long time. Because the muscle pump and the respiratory pump do not rely on external force, they indirectly increase the burden on the heart while speeding up blood circulation.

[0058] In summary, when using the new inverted method to exercise, with the help of gravity and machinery, the blood column formed by the body in different postures (when the blood column is not perpendicular to the ground, it is converted into a blood column perpendicular to the ground) has different pressure changes on cells and tissues, which almost does not increase the burden on the heart (the increase in the burden on the heart is very small and negligible), changes the body position, changes the hydrostatic pressure, changes the transmural pressure, speeds up blood circulation through the body position pump, massages cells, tissues, and organs, speeds up the digestion and absorption of food and the excretion of stool, can enhance the body's immunity and self-healing ability, and has a positive and positive effect on the body's health. The body position pump is equivalent to adding a heart to the body. Using the new inverted method to exercise, starting from the level of cell metabolism, is committed to making the body free of disease, less disease, mild disease and returning to normal from sub-healthy state, and is also committed to making the body recover from disease state and alleviate disease. Reverse premature aging with the participation of stem cells. Therefore, the new inverted method of exercise has a wide range of indications.

[0059] 7. Considerations for exercise volume when using a new handstand method

[0060] Urinate before exercising.

[0061] You can exercise 1 hour after a full meal.

[0062] The interval between two exercises is greater than 2 hours, for example, the last exercise ends at 10 o'clock and the next exercise starts after 12 o'clock.

[0063] If you experience any physical discomfort during exercise, such as headache or dizziness, stop exercising immediately.

[0064] If the systolic blood pressure is higher than 130 mmHg, measure your blood pressure every 15 minutes during exercise. If the systolic blood pressure is higher than 150 mmHg, stop exercising.

[0065] 8 The present invention believes that the following situations cannot be used to exercise with the new handstand method

[0066] Systolic blood pressure is greater than 150 mmHg.

[0067] People with coagulation disorders.

[0068] Organ transplant recipient.

[0069] Those with serious illness.

[0070] 9 Special Notice on the New Handstand Method

[0071] The new handstand method is a "conjecture" proposed by the inventor. There is currently no evidence-based medical evidence to prove its safety and effectiveness, nor is there a large sample statistical data of more than one million people to prove its safety and effectiveness. The contraindications and side effects are also unclear, so it has not yet been widely recognized by the academic and medical communities. The above description of the principle and efficacy of the new handstand method is only the inventor's subjective opinion and conjecture. Before the new handstand method is proven to be safe and effective by evidence-based medical evidence, proven to be safe and effective by large sample statistical data, and its contraindications and side effects are clear, and it is widely recognized by the academic and medical communities, it is not recommended for anyone to use the new handstand method for exercise.

[0072] 10 New inversion methods and the shortcomings of existing inversion equipment

[0073] The new inverted method is characterized by frequent rise and fall and the need for timing. The present invention believes that the existing common inverted machines have no power, and frequent rise and fall puts a heavy load on the heart of the exerciser; the electric inverted machine cannot automatically time the rise and fall, which is inconvenient for the exerciser to use.

[0074] 11 Automatic Electric Inversion Machine Technical Solution

[0075] The automatic electric handstand consists of a bracket, a plate, a bearing, a (self-locking) worm gear reducer, a clutch, a motor, and a motor controller. The clutch, worm gear reducer, motor, and motor controller are fixed on the bracket; the bearing connects the bracket and the plate into a whole. Like a normal handstand, the plate can rotate around the bearing. There are safety belts and locking devices on the plate to allow the exerciser to safely and firmly fix the plate. One end of the clutch is connected to the rotating shaft of the plate, and the other end is connected to the worm shaft of the worm gear reducer; the worm of the worm gear reducer is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor. When the clutch is closed, the motor rotates to drive the plate to rotate through the worm gear reducer and the clutch; because of the self-locking, the plate cannot rotate without the motor. When the clutch is disengaged, whether the plate rotates has nothing to do with the rotation and stop of the motor, but is determined by the center of gravity of the plate and the external force it receives, just like a normal handstand. An angle sensor is installed on the plate shaft or the worm shaft of the worm gear reducer, which can transmit the rotation angle of the plate to the motor controller. The motor controller determines the rotation, stop, forward and reverse rotation of the motor according to the settings, the closing and separation of the clutch, and the signal of the plate angle sensor. The motor has three states: forward rotation, reverse rotation, and stop. The plate has three states: up, rotation from the inverted position to the upright position; down, rotation from the upright position to the inverted position; position, the angle between the plate and the vertical line of the ground (normal upright position of the human body). The state of the plate is determined by the motor and the motor controller when the clutch is closed; the plate of the automatic electric inverted machine is similar to the ordinary inverted machine when the clutch is separated. The exerciser can return from the inverted position to the upright position and get off the automatic electric inverted machine just like using an ordinary inverted machine. The switch box is a component of the motor controller and is physically connected to the motor controller. The switch box is placed in a place where the exerciser can operate it easily. There are two physical switches on the switch box, one power switch controls the power supply of the whole machine, and the other run / stop switch controls the run / stop of the whole machine. The exerciser can distinguish these two switches by touch. The motor controller has a visual setting function, and the setting content includes the inverted position time, the upright position time, and the inverted position angle. The motor controller can receive the angle signal of the plate sent by the angle sensor. The motor controller can control the stop, forward, reverse and rotation time of the motor according to the settings of the exerciser and the signal sent by the angle sensor, ensuring the correct rotation direction of the plate and the correct angle position and the duration of stay at that position. The motor controller can emit light or sound to remind the exerciser to pay attention before the motor rotates. The motor controller controls the motor to realize the settings of the exerciser. The worm gear reducer, clutch and angle sensor are necessary components of the automatic electric handstand machine.

[0076] 12 Automatic Electric Inversion Machine Embodiment

[0077] The clutch adopts a power-off separation tooth-type electromagnetic clutch.

[0078] A Hall angle sensor is used as an angle sensor. Hall angle sensors are available on the market. The Hall angle sensor in the present invention is composed of a Hall device, a permanent magnet, a structural member and a signal processing circuit. The permanent magnet is installed on the flat plate shaft through the structural member and rotates with the flat plate, and its motion trajectory is a part of a circle; the center of this circle is the axis of the flat plate shaft, and the radius is the distance from the axis to the permanent magnet. The structural member on which multiple Hall devices are installed is fixed on the bracket and does not move. One Hall device corresponds to one flat plate angle, such as 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, 90 degrees, 105 degrees, 120 degrees, 135 degrees, 150 degrees, 165 degrees, and 180 degrees. The Hall device and the permanent magnet cooperate accordingly. When the permanent magnet rotates to a certain angle with the flat plate, the corresponding Hall device can send a signal to the motor controller through the signal processing circuit.

[0079] The motor and motor controller of the automatic electric inversion machine are similar to the motor and motor controller of the microcomputer (controlled) fully automatic (drum) washing machine; the similarities between the motors are that they can drive the load forward and reverse, and the differences may be the specific models and parameters such as power and speed; the similarities between the two controllers are that they both use chips, buttons, and display devices, can set the motor rotation time, can control the motor's rotation / stop rotation direction and rotation time, and can receive signals sent by sensors; the difference between the two motor controllers is the specific chips (including the program code solidified in the chip) and circuits; the microcomputer (controlled) fully automatic (drum) washing machine controller receives water level signals and other signals sent by the water level sensor, and the automatic electric inversion machine controller receives the plate angle signal sent by the Hall angle sensor.

[0080] 13 This manual adopts the International System of Units as much as possible. For physical quantities without specified units, the units are all in international units.

Claims

1. An automatic electric handstand machine for fitness and rehabilitation equipment, which is composed of a bracket, a flat plate, a motor, a motor controller, a self-locking worm gear reducer, an angle sensor, and a clutch. It is characterized in that the self-locking worm gear reducer, the angle sensor, and the clutch are used as the necessary components of the automatic electric handstand machine.

2. The clutch described in claim 1 is a power-off separation tooth-type electromagnetic clutch.

3. The angle sensor according to claim 1 is a Hall angle sensor using a Hall device.

4. The Hall sensor according to claim 3 uses a plurality of Hall devices.