Pneumatic material separating device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of material separation, and particularly relates to a pneumatic material separation device which comprises a barrel, the barrel is connected with a feeding device, material scattering blades are arranged in the barrel and below the feeding device, a boiling disc is arranged at the bottom of the barrel, a plurality of micropores are formed in the boiling disc, and the lower portions of the micropores are communicated with an air inlet. A material stirring blade is arranged on the boiling disc, and a coarse material outlet is formed in the cylinder wall on one side of the upper surface of the boiling disc; a fine material outlet at the top of the barrel is connected with a negative pressure device. Through the synergistic effect of airflow dynamics and a mechanical structure, separation in a sieve-hole-free mode is achieved, extremely-fine materials or materials with any fineness can be separated out, and the bottleneck of the traditional technology is broken through.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a material pneumatic separation device, belonging to the technical field of material separation. Background Art

[0002] In the field of powder processing and material sorting, traditional screening devices generally use mechanical vibration combined with a sieve plate structure to separate materials of different particle sizes through holes with preset apertures on the sieve plate. However, this type of technology has significant limitations: First, the mesh size of the sieve plate holes determines the lower limit of the separation particle size. Due to the processing technology and the strength of the sieve plate, the holes are difficult to be infinitely reduced (usually the minimum screening particle size is not less than 100 meshes), resulting in the inability to separate ultrafine powders or nano-scale materials; second, fine particles are easy to clog the sieve holes during the screening process, requiring frequent shutdowns for cleaning, affecting the efficiency of continuous operation.

[0003] In recent years, although some improved equipment has tried to improve the separation effect through airflow-assisted screening or electrostatic separation, it is still difficult to break through the limitations of physical sieve holes, and there are problems such as high energy consumption and complex systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative separation technology that can break through the limitations of sieve hole number, adapt to various material characteristics, and achieve continuous and efficient separation. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a pneumatic material separation device, which, through the synergistic effect of airflow dynamics and mechanical structure, adopts an "airflow sorting + boiling enhancement" mode without sieve holes, thereby fundamentally solving the bottleneck problem of traditional technology.

[0005] The pneumatic material separation device of the present invention comprises a cylinder body, which is connected to a feeding device. In the cylinder body, a material scattering blade is arranged below the feeding device, a boiling plate is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body, and a plurality of micropores are opened on the boiling plate; a material stirring blade is arranged above the boiling plate, and a coarse material outlet is arranged on the cylinder wall on one side above the boiling plate; a fine material outlet is arranged at the top of the cylinder body; an airflow from the bottom to the top from the bottom of the boiling plate to the fine material outlet can be generated in the cylinder body. The material scattering blade and the material stirring blade both rotate in the horizontal plane direction.

[0006] The fine material outlet at the top of the cylinder is connected to a negative pressure device to continuously draw air from the cylinder; the air inlet below the boiling plate is used to supplement the pressure; the overall direction of the airflow in the cylinder is from bottom to top. The feeding device slowly and continuously feeds the powdered or granular material into the cylinder of the separation device. The material will float down under the action of gravity. During this process, some fine materials are entrained by the airflow to overcome gravity and flow out from the fine material outlet at the top of the cylinder. When the material floats down to the material scattering blade, it will be scattered and fully mixed with the airflow, thereby improving the separation effect of the fine material. The coarse material and some of the fine material that is not taken away fall to the boiling plate at the bottom of the cylinder. There are several micropores on the boiling plate. The air inlet supplements the pressure into the cylinder through several micropores. The airflow passing through the micropores is from bottom to top, and the material will not leak out from the micropores. In addition, the material will "boil" under the action of the airflow, so that the coarse and fine mixture is continuously thrown up, and the fine material in it will be taken away by the rising airflow. During this process, the material stirring blades stir the materials on the boiling plate, causing the materials to surge. Through continuous stirring, surging and boiling, all the fine materials in the coarse and fine mixture at the bottom can be separated by the airflow. The remaining coarse materials on the boiling plate flow out from the coarse material outlet on one side of the cylinder wall under the continuous stirring of the material stirring blades. The separation particle size of the material can be adjusted by adjusting the wind speed of the negative pressure device. The lower the wind speed, the finer the separated material, and extremely fine or arbitrary fineness materials can be separated from the mixture.

[0007] The way to generate the airflow from bottom to top in the cylinder is to suck air from the fine material outlet at the top of the cylinder, or to blow air from below the boiling plate.

[0008] The system of the present invention also comprises a dust collector, the air suction port of the dust collector is connected to the fine material outlet on the upper part of the cylinder; the bottoms of a plurality of micropores of the boiling plate are connected to the air inlet arranged on the cylinder wall.

[0009] The material stirring blade has an S-shaped or reverse S-shaped structure when viewed from above; when the material stirring blade is S-shaped, its rotation direction is clockwise; when the material stirring blade is reverse S-shaped, its rotation direction is counterclockwise. When the material stirring blade rotates, the material can be gathered onto the boiling plate, preventing the material from flowing out of the coarse material outlet without sufficient boiling and surging, thereby improving the separation rate of fine materials.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom of the material stirring blade is provided with a rubber strip or a brush.

[0011] Preferably, the coarse material outlet is equipped with a rotary discharger or a double-valve discharger, which can achieve continuous discharge and intermittent sealing to prevent air pressure leakage.

[0012] Preferably, the negative pressure device is a dust collector, which can filter and collect fine materials and discharge them from the bottom material port.

[0013] The feeding device feeds at a uniform speed. Preferably, the feeding device is a screw feeder, which can achieve continuous and slow feeding.

[0014] Preferably, the diameter of the micropores on the boiling plate is 5 to 15 mm and is evenly distributed in a honeycomb shape.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. Breaking through the limitation of sieve holes: Traditional screening devices are limited by the number of mesh holes in the sieve plate, making it difficult to separate ultrafine powders or nano-scale materials. The present invention achieves separation without sieve holes through the synergy of airflow dynamics and mechanical structure, and can separate extremely fine or arbitrary fineness materials, breaking through the bottleneck of traditional technology. In addition, during the use of traditional screening devices, fine particles are easy to block the sieve holes, requiring frequent shutdowns for cleaning. The present invention uses airflow entrainment and boiling enhancement to make the material constantly surge and throw up in the cylinder, effectively preventing the problem of material blockage and improving continuous operation efficiency.

[0017] 2. Adaptability to various material characteristics: The pneumatic material separation device of the present invention can adapt to various material characteristics, and can achieve efficient separation regardless of whether it is powdery or granular materials.

[0018] 3. Adjust the separation particle size: By adjusting the wind speed of the negative pressure device, the separation particle size of the material can be easily adjusted. The lower the wind speed, the finer the separated material, which meets different needs.

[0019] 4. Simple structure and easy maintenance: The material pneumatic separation device of the present invention has a simple structure, no complicated mechanical structure, and is easy to maintain.

[0020] 5. Low energy consumption and high efficiency: Compared with traditional screening devices and some improved equipment, the material pneumatic separation device of the present invention has lower energy consumption, higher separation efficiency, and reduces production costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the separation device;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a separation device;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the separation device;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the material stirring blade.

[0026] In the figure: 1. separation device; 2. negative pressure device; 3. cylinder; 4. feeding device; 5. fine material outlet; 6. material scattering blade; 7. boiling plate; 8. air inlet; 9. coarse material outlet; 10. material stirring blade. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0028] However, the description of the present invention is merely an embodiment of structural and even functional description, and the scope of rights of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described in the text.

[0029] For example, multiple embodiments may have various modifications and various forms, and it should be understood that the scope of rights of the present invention includes equivalents that can implement the technical concept.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment is realized by the following technical scheme: it includes a separation device 1 and a negative pressure device 2, the separation device 1 includes a barrel 3, the barrel 3 is connected to a screw feeder, which serves as a feeding device 4 and can realize continuous and slow feeding. In the barrel 3, a material scattering blade 6 is provided below the feeding device 4, a boiling plate 7 is provided at the bottom of the barrel 3, a plurality of micropores are provided on the boiling plate 7, and the plurality of micropores are connected to an air inlet 8 provided on the barrel wall; a material stirring blade 10 is provided above the boiling plate 7, and a coarse material outlet 9 is provided on the barrel wall on one side above the boiling plate 7; the fine material outlet 5 at the top of the barrel 3 is connected to the negative pressure device 2. The negative pressure device 2 in this embodiment is a bag dust collector, which can filter and collect fine materials and discharge them from the bottom material outlet.

[0031] The material stirring blade 10 has an S-shaped or reverse S-shaped top view. When the material stirring blade 10 is S-shaped, its rotation direction is clockwise; when the material stirring blade 10 is reverse S-shaped, its rotation direction is counterclockwise. The bottom of the material stirring blade 10 is provided with a rubber strip or a brush. When the material stirring blade 10 rotates, the material can be gathered onto the boiling plate 7 to prevent the material from flowing out of the coarse material outlet 9 without sufficient boiling and surging, thereby improving the separation rate of fine materials.

[0032] In this embodiment, the coarse material outlet 9 is equipped with a rotary discharger or a double-valve discharger, which can achieve continuous discharge and intermittent sealing to prevent air pressure leakage.

[0033] In this embodiment, the diameter of the micropores on the boiling plate 7 is 5-15 mm and is evenly distributed in a honeycomb shape.

[0034] Working principle of the present invention:

[0035] The fine material outlet 5 at the top of the cylinder 3 is connected to the negative pressure device 2, which continuously draws air from the cylinder 3; the air inlet 8 below the boiling plate 7 is used to supplement the pressure; the overall direction of the airflow in the cylinder 3 is from bottom to top. The feeding device 4 slowly and continuously feeds the powdered or granular material into the cylinder 3 of the separation device 1, and the material will float downward under the action of gravity. In this process, some fine materials are entrained by the airflow to overcome gravity and flow out from the fine material outlet 5 at the top of the cylinder 3. When the material floats downward to the material scattering blade 6, it will be scattered and fully mixed with the airflow, thereby improving the separation effect of the fine material. The coarse material and some of the fine material that is not taken away fall to the boiling plate 7 at the bottom of the cylinder 3. The boiling plate 7 is provided with a number of micropores. The air inlet 8 supplements the pressure into the cylinder 3 through the micropores. The airflow passing through the micropores is from bottom to top, and the material will not leak out from the micropores. In addition, the material will "boil" under the action of the airflow, so that the coarse and fine mixture is continuously thrown up, and the fine material therein will be taken away by the rising airflow. During this process, the material stirring blades 10 stir the material on the boiling pan 7, causing the material to surge. Through continuous stirring, surging and boiling, all fine materials in the coarse and fine mixture at the bottom can be separated by airflow. The remaining coarse materials on the boiling pan 7 flow out from the coarse material outlet 9 on one side of the cylinder wall under the continuous stirring of the material stirring blades 10. When the material stirring blades 10 rotate, the materials can be gathered on the boiling pan 7 to prevent the materials from flowing out from the coarse material outlet without sufficient boiling and surging, thereby improving the separation rate of fine materials.

[0036] The present invention can adjust the separation particle size of the material by adjusting the wind speed of the negative pressure device. The lower the wind speed, the finer the separated material is, and extremely fine or arbitrary fineness materials can be separated from the mixed material.

[0037] Of course, the above contents are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above examples, and equal changes and improvements made by ordinary technicians in the technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should all fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic material separation device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a cylinder (3), the cylinder (3) being connected to a feeding device (4), a material dispersing blade (6) being arranged below the feeding device (4) in the cylinder (3), a boiling plate (7) being arranged at the bottom of the cylinder (3), a plurality of micro-holes being opened on the boiling plate (7), a material stirring blade (10) being arranged above the boiling plate (7), a coarse material outlet (9) being arranged on the cylinder wall on one side above the boiling plate (7), a fine material outlet (5) being arranged at the top of the cylinder (3), and an airflow from the bottom to the top from the bottom of the boiling plate (7) to the fine material outlet (5) being generated in the cylinder (3).

2. The pneumatic material separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airflow from bottom to top is generated in the cylinder (3) by sucking air from the fine material outlet (5) at the top of the cylinder (3) or by blowing air from below the boiling pan (7).

3. The pneumatic material separation device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: It also includes a dust collector (2), the air suction port of the dust collector (2) is connected to the fine material outlet (5) at the upper part of the cylinder (3); and a plurality of micropores of the boiling plate (7) are connected below to an air inlet (8) arranged on the cylinder wall.

4. The pneumatic material separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material stirring blade (10) has an S-shaped or inverted S-shaped structure when viewed from above; when the material stirring blade (10) is S-shaped, its rotation direction is clockwise; when the material stirring blade (10) is inverted S-shaped, its rotation direction is counterclockwise.

5. The pneumatic material separation device according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the material stirring blade (10) is provided with a rubber strip or a brush.

6. The pneumatic material separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coarse material outlet (9) is equipped with a rotary discharger or a double valve discharger.

7. The pneumatic material separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding device (4) feeds at a constant speed.

8. The pneumatic material separation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The feeding device (4) is a screw feeder.

9. The pneumatic material separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the micropores on the boiling plate (7) is 5 to 15 mm and is evenly distributed in a honeycomb shape.

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