Friction welding-oriented positioning and fastening decision-making method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a friction welding-oriented positioning and fastening decision-making method and system, and relates to the technical field of welding. The method comprises the steps that a part machining positioning structure is designed and obtained; according to the welding demand information, a friction welding locking device is selected, positioning and fastening strategy analysis is conducted, and target positioning and fastening strategy parameters are obtained; sensor groups are arranged on the part machining positioning structure and the friction welding locking device; friction welding strategy control is conducted on the target part, meanwhile, the part welding process is monitored in real time, and part welding multi-dimensional monitoring data flow is obtained; and performing optimization analysis adjustment on the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters, determining positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters, and performing positioning and fastening decision on the target part through the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters. The technical problem of unstable welding quality caused by improper positioning and fastening in the friction welding process in the prior art is solved, and the technical effect of improving the welding quality stability and the production efficiency is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of welding, and in particular to a positioning and fastening decision method and system for friction welding. Background Art

[0002] In modern manufacturing, friction welding, as an efficient and precise welding technology, is widely used in many fields such as automobiles, aerospace, and precision instruments. This technology uses the high-speed rotation of the two parts to be welded and the high temperature generated by the mutual friction to melt the contact surface and quickly combine, thereby achieving a high-strength welding effect. However, in practical applications, the quality and stability of friction welding are often affected by many factors, among which the accuracy of positioning and fastening and the lack of real-time monitoring are two major problems. The accuracy of positioning and fastening is directly related to the quality and reliability of the welded joint. If the positioning is inaccurate or the fastening force is improper, defects such as deviation, cracks, and even fractures may occur during the welding process. In addition, since the friction welding process is complex and difficult to observe directly, traditional welding methods often lack real-time monitoring means, and cannot promptly detect and adjust abnormal conditions during the welding process. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present application provides a positioning and fastening decision method and system for friction welding, which solves the technical problem of unstable welding quality caused by improper positioning and fastening during friction welding in the prior art.

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a positioning and fastening decision method and system for friction welding.

[0005] In a first aspect of the present application, a positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding is provided, the method comprising: The structural characteristic information of the target part is obtained, and a part processing positioning structure is designed according to the structural characteristic information and the friction welding cutting point requirements, wherein the part processing positioning structure includes a plurality of positioning pins and positioning holes; a friction welding locking device is selected according to the welding requirement information of the target part, and a positioning and fastening strategy analysis is performed on the structural characteristic information of the target part based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device to obtain target positioning and fastening strategy parameters; a sensor group is set on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, and the sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters are used to control the friction welding strategy of the target part, and the part welding process is monitored in real time through the sensor group to obtain a multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding; the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters are optimized, analyzed and adjusted based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding, the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters are determined, and the positioning and fastening decision of the target part is made through the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters.

[0006] A second aspect of the present application provides a positioning and fastening decision system for friction welding, the system comprising: Positioning structure design module: obtains structural characteristic information of the target part, and designs and obtains the part processing positioning structure according to the structural characteristic information and the friction welding cutting point requirements, wherein the part processing positioning structure includes a plurality of positioning pins and positioning holes; fastening strategy analysis module: selects a friction welding locking device according to the welding requirement information of the target part, and performs positioning and fastening strategy analysis on the structural characteristic information of the target part based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device to obtain target positioning and fastening strategy parameters; sensor setting module: sets a sensor group on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, and the sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; monitoring module: uses the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters to control the friction welding strategy of the target part, and at the same time monitors the part welding process in real time through the sensor group to obtain a multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding; optimization module: optimizes, analyzes and adjusts the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding, determines the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters, and makes positioning and fastening decisions on the target part through the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters.

[0007] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: First, the structural characteristic information of the target part is obtained, and the part processing positioning structure is designed according to the structural characteristic information and the friction welding cutting point requirements, wherein the part processing positioning structure includes a plurality of positioning pins and positioning holes. Then, according to the welding requirement information of the target part, a friction welding locking device is selected, and the positioning and fastening strategy analysis of the structural characteristic information of the target part is performed based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, and the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters are obtained. Then, a sensor group is set on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, and the sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor. Next, the friction welding strategy of the target part is controlled by the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters, and the part welding process is monitored in real time through the sensor group to obtain the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding. Finally, the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters are optimized, analyzed and adjusted based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding, and the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters are determined, and the positioning and fastening decision of the target part is made through the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters. The technical problem of unstable welding quality caused by improper positioning and fastening in the friction welding process in the prior art is solved, and the technical effect of improving the stability of welding quality and production efficiency is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0009] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a positioning and fastening decision system for friction welding provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0010] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: positioning structure design module 11, fastening strategy analysis module 12, sensor setting module 13, monitoring module 14, optimization module 15. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The present application solves the technical problem of unstable welding quality caused by improper positioning and fastening during friction welding in the prior art by providing a positioning and fastening decision method and system for friction welding.

[0012] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0013] It should be noted that the terms "including" and "having" are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or server that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or modules that are not explicitly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0014] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides a positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding, wherein the method includes: The structural characteristic information of the target part is obtained, and the part processing positioning structure is designed according to the structural characteristic information and the friction welding cutting point requirement, wherein the part processing positioning structure includes a plurality of positioning pins and positioning holes.

[0015] The structural characteristic information of the target parts is obtained from CAD drawings and technical documents, including size, shape, material, location of key parts (such as edges, hole positions, surface features, etc.). By collecting the structural characteristic information of the target parts and combining the requirements of the friction welding cutting point (i.e. the specific location and specific conditions of the welding point), the part processing positioning structure is designed. The part processing positioning structure includes a stable base platform, and multiple positioning pins are arranged along the edge of the target part to provide linear support to prevent the part from moving or rotating in the plane during the welding process; at the same time, the positioning holes are used as precise spatial alignment references to further ensure the stability of the parts during the welding process.

[0016] During the specific implementation, the part processing positioning structure is firmly installed on the work platform; the part is linearly supported along the edge of the part by positioning pins, and the spatial position of the part is aligned using positioning holes; finally, the part is fixed using a clamping device to ensure that it does not move or rotate during the welding process.

[0017] Furthermore, the design obtains a part processing positioning structure, including: The structural characteristic information is subjected to element feature extraction to obtain a part structural element feature set, wherein the part structural element feature set includes part shape, specification size, material and processing accuracy requirements; according to the friction welding cutting point requirements, the cutting point position, quantity and accuracy are determined; a processing positioning structure design database is constructed, and based on the part structural element feature set and the cutting point position, quantity and accuracy, traversal matching is performed in the processing positioning structure design database to obtain an initial matching positioning structure and matching deviation parameters; based on the matching deviation parameters, the initial matching positioning structure is designed and simulated and optimized to determine the part processing positioning structure.

[0018] Specifically, the structural characteristic information of the target parts is obtained from CAD drawings and technical documents, including the shape, specifications, dimensions, material properties and processing accuracy requirements of the parts, and the element features of this information are extracted to form a part structural element feature set, which includes the geometric characteristics of the parts (such as hole position, edge shape, etc.), dimensional parameters (such as length, width, thickness), material properties (such as hardness and thermal expansion coefficient) and specific requirements for welding accuracy (such as hole position tolerance, surface roughness, etc.); according to the requirements of friction welding cutting points, combined with the welding path and process requirements of the parts, the specific position, quantity and accuracy requirements of the cutting points are determined to ensure that the cutting points can cover the key welding areas while meeting the requirements of accuracy and uniformity; a processing positioning structure design database is constructed, which contains a variety of standardized positioning structure templates, in which the templates preset the combination of positioning pins, positioning holes and clamping devices of different sizes, shapes and functions; based on the zero The database is traversed and matched based on the feature set of structural elements of the part and the requirements of the cutting point (the location, number and accuracy of the cutting point), and the positioning structure that preliminarily matches the part processing requirements is screened out, namely the initial matching positioning structure, and the deviation parameters generated in the matching process are recorded, such as the distance deviation between the locating pin and the edge of the part, the deviation between the diameter of the locating hole and the actual hole position of the part, and the deviation between the position of the clamping device and the cutting point; the initial matching positioning structure is simulated and optimized, and the key components in the positioning structure are analyzed and adjusted using simulation tools, such as optimizing the distribution position of the locating pin to improve the stability of the part, correcting the diameter and depth of the locating hole to ensure the accuracy of the spatial position of the part, and adjusting the pressure distribution of the clamping device to avoid vibration and deformation during welding; finally, based on the optimization results, the final part processing positioning structure is determined, and its design parameters and layout plan are solidified into an executable process standard file to guide the subsequent welding positioning operations of the parts.

[0019] Furthermore, the determining of the part processing positioning structure includes: Based on the matching deviation parameters, an optimization strategy analysis is performed on the initial matching positioning structure to obtain multiple structural design optimization strategies; the initial matching positioning structure is designed and optimized according to the multiple structural design optimization strategies to obtain multiple optimized processing positioning structures; a positioning effect evaluation index set is obtained, and based on the positioning effect evaluation index set, design simulation evaluations are performed on the multiple optimized processing positioning structures respectively to obtain multiple positioning structure simulation effects; based on the multiple positioning structure simulation effects, the multiple optimized processing positioning structures are compared and optimized to determine the part processing positioning structure.

[0020] An optimization strategy analysis is performed on the initial matching positioning structure based on the matching deviation parameters to identify problems in the initial structure that may lead to unstable positioning or insufficient welding accuracy. For example, if the positioning pin arrangement cannot provide sufficient support, its number and distribution are analyzed to see whether they need to be adjusted. If the positioning hole size deviation is large, the hole diameter or tolerance range needs to be optimized. In combination with the structural characteristics and welding requirements of the parts, multiple structural design optimization strategies are formulated, including rearrangement of positioning components, adjustment of key dimensions, and optimization of the force distribution of the clamping device. According to multiple structural design optimization strategies, design adjustments are made to the initial matching positioning structure one by one to generate multiple optimized processing positioning structures. For example, in one optimization scheme, the distribution of the positioning pins is adjusted to increase the edge support force. In another scheme, the layout of the clamping device is optimized to ensure uniform pressure during welding.

[0021] By constructing a positioning effect evaluation index set, the effects of different optimization schemes can be quantified and compared. The positioning effect evaluation index set includes positioning accuracy (whether the deviation of the part in the positioning structure meets the design requirements), structural stability (whether the part has obvious displacement or loosening during welding), clamping force uniformity (whether the force applied by the clamping device is evenly distributed in key parts), and adaptability (whether the positioning structure can be compatible with parts of different specifications or materials). Based on the positioning effect evaluation index set, multiple optimized processing positioning structures are designed and simulated and evaluated respectively. The simulation tool is used to simulate the stress, thermal deformation and vibration of the parts under actual welding conditions, and the simulation effect data is output, including key parameters such as positioning accuracy, stress distribution diagram, clamping force distribution and welding heat affected area, to obtain multiple positioning structure simulation effects; according to the simulation effects of multiple positioning structures, multiple optimized processing positioning structures are compared and selected, and the multi-index weighted scoring method is used to comprehensively analyze the simulation data. For example, a higher weight is given according to the importance of positioning accuracy, and the scores of each structural scheme are ranked, and the scheme with the highest comprehensive score is selected as the final part processing positioning structure.

[0022] According to the welding requirement information of the target part, a friction welding locking device is selected, and a positioning and fastening strategy analysis is performed on the structural characteristic information of the target part based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device to obtain target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0023] According to the welding requirement information of the target parts, including the strength requirements of the welded joint, material properties, welding temperature range, welding path length and cutting point accuracy requirements, select a suitable friction welding locking device. The friction welding locking device is used to stably fix the parts in the positioning structure to prevent displacement due to external force or thermal deformation during welding.

[0024] Based on the synergy between the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, the positioning and fastening strategy analysis is carried out on the structural characteristic information of the target part. By analyzing the clamping point distribution of the locking device, the clamping force and the support point layout of the positioning structure, the force and thermal deformation that the part may be subjected to during the welding process are calculated, thereby determining the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters, including the clamping force parameters (the clamping force applied by each locking device), the locking position parameters (the installation position and range of action of the locking device), and the relative position parameters of the positioning pin and the locking device (to ensure the mutual coordination of positioning and locking to form a stable support and fixing structure).

[0025] Furthermore, the obtaining of target positioning and tightening strategy parameters includes: Based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, a strategy design analysis is performed on the structural characteristic information of the target part to obtain part positioning and fastening strategy parameters, wherein the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters include part fastening points, fastening sequence, and clamping force; finite element analysis and meshing are performed on the structural characteristic information of the target part to establish a part finite element simulation model; the part finite element simulation model is used to simulate the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters to obtain part deformation trends and thermal stress distributions; based on the part deformation trends and thermal stress distributions, the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters are iteratively optimized to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0026] Based on the part processing positioning structure and friction welding locking device, the structural characteristic information of the target part is strategically designed and analyzed to analyze and determine the part fastening points, including key structural parts (such as the periphery of holes, the edges of welding areas) and the specific locations where clamping force needs to be applied; the fastening sequence is planned to avoid part displacement caused by thermal expansion or stress concentration during welding; the clamping force of each fastening point is calculated to ensure that it can provide sufficient fixation without causing plastic deformation of the part.

[0027] Finite element analysis is performed on the structural characteristic information of the target parts. Specifically, first, the geometric model of the part is constructed using a 3D modeling tool to ensure that the model can accurately reflect the actual structural characteristics of the part; then, the model is discretized using a meshing tool to ensure that the mesh density is fine enough to capture the subtle deformation and thermal stress distribution that may occur during welding; finally, the material properties of the part (such as elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient) and boundary conditions (such as clamping force position, welding heat input) are defined, and a complete finite element simulation model is established. Based on the finite element simulation model, the parameters of the part positioning and fastening strategy are simulated and analyzed. By inputting the initial fastening point, fastening sequence, and clamping force, the simulation is run to calculate the deformation trend of the part under the action of welding heat input and clamping force, and a deformation distribution diagram is generated; at the same time, the thermal stress distribution on the surface and inside of the part is analyzed to identify stress concentration areas and potential failure risks. According to the simulation results, the parameters of the part positioning and fastening strategy are iteratively optimized. Adjust the location and number of fastening points, such as adding support points to reduce local deformation; optimize the clamping force and appropriately reduce the clamping force in high stress areas according to the thermal stress distribution; adjust the fastening sequence so that the clamping force on the welding path can gradually release the residual stress caused by thermal expansion. Rerun the simulation after each optimization to evaluate the optimized deformation and stress distribution until the optimal fastening strategy is achieved. Finally, solidify the optimized fastening point location, fastening sequence, and clamping force as the target positioning fastening strategy parameters.

[0028] Furthermore, the obtaining of the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters includes: The deformation limit and thermal safety threshold of the part are obtained, and the unstable areas of the deformation trend and thermal stress distribution of the part are identified based on the deformation limit and thermal safety threshold to obtain the critical unstable area set of the part; the stability of each unstable area in the critical unstable area set of the part is evaluated to obtain a regional stability coefficient set; based on the critical unstable area set of the part and the regional stability coefficient set, the positioning and fastening strategy parameters of the part are iteratively optimized and adjusted to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0029] Based on the material properties of the target parts and the welding process requirements, the deformation limit and thermal safety threshold of the parts are determined. The deformation limit of the parts is determined by the maximum displacement or warpage allowed by the parts, which is usually obtained through design standards or experimental verification; the thermal safety threshold is determined by the thermal stress resistance of the part material, which can be determined through material performance data sheets or thermodynamic tests. Then, the finite element simulation model is used to analyze the deformation trend and thermal stress distribution of the parts that may occur during the welding process; the simulation results are compared with the deformation limit and thermal safety threshold of the parts to identify the areas in the parts where the deformation or thermal stress exceeds the limit, marked as the critical instability area of ​​the parts, and all critical instability areas of the parts are integrated into a set of critical instability areas of the parts.

[0030] The stability of each unstable area in the critical instability area set is evaluated. Specifically, the ratio of the local deformation to the deformation limit, as well as the ratio of the thermal stress to the thermal safety threshold of each unstable area are calculated to generate the preliminary instability coefficient of the area. The stress gradient and deformation concentration of the unstable area are further evaluated in combination with the overall structural characteristics of the part to evaluate the influence weight of the area on the overall stability. Based on the above analysis, the stability coefficient of each unstable area is generated to obtain a set of regional stability coefficients. The lower the regional stability coefficient, the more unstable the area.

[0031] Based on the critical instability region set and regional stability coefficient set of the part, the positioning and fastening strategy parameters are iteratively optimized and adjusted. For each instability region, the following optimization measures can be taken: add or rearrange fastening points around the instability region, improve the regional support conditions, and give priority to optimizing the region with a low stability coefficient; adjust the clamping force near the instability region, reduce the clamping force in the high stress region to relieve stress concentration, and increase the clamping force in the low support region to improve the overall stability; according to the distribution of the instability region, adjust the fastening sequence on the welding path to gradually release the residual stress and avoid deformation accumulation. After each optimization, rerun the simulation analysis to verify the effect of the optimization scheme; evaluate the changes in the instability region after optimization through the simulation results, and recalculate the regional stability coefficient; repeat the iteration to gradually reduce the number of instability regions and improve the overall stability until all instability regions are effectively controlled and the stability coefficient reaches the set threshold. Finally, the optimized fastening point position, clamping force size and fastening sequence are solidified as the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0032] A sensor group is arranged on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, and the sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor.

[0033] A sensor group is installed on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device. The sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor. The displacement sensor is used to monitor the spatial displacement of the part to ensure the stability of the positioning; the pressure sensor is used to measure the clamping force applied by the locking device to avoid damage or loosening caused by excessive or insufficient force; the temperature sensor is used to record the heat changes generated during the welding process to prevent material damage or welding failure due to excessive temperature.

[0034] The target positioning and fastening strategy parameters are used to control the friction welding strategy of the target part, and the sensor group is used to monitor the part welding process in real time to obtain a multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding.

[0035] According to the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters, the parts are installed in the processing positioning structure to ensure that the positioning pins and positioning holes are aligned with the reference position of the parts; at the same time, the clamping force of the friction welding locking device is adjusted to the set value, and the clamping force is gradually applied according to the fastening sequence until the target clamping state is reached to ensure that the parts remain stable during the welding process. The friction welding equipment is started for welding, and the multi-dimensional data (such as displacement, pressure, temperature, etc.) of the welding process are monitored in real time through the sensor group to obtain the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the parts welding.

[0036] Based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding, the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters are optimized, analyzed and adjusted to determine the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters, and the positioning and fastening decision is made for the target part through the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters.

[0037] The collected multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding is used to optimize, analyze and adjust the positioning and fastening strategy parameters to obtain the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters; according to the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters, the parts are repositioned to the part processing positioning structure, and the force parameters of the friction welding locking device are adjusted to improve the welding quality and the stability of the positioning and fastening.

[0038] Furthermore, the determination of the optimization parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy includes: The multidimensional monitoring data stream of part welding is preprocessed and associated features are extracted to obtain a multidimensional associated feature set of part welding; a welding anomaly identifier is built, and anomalies are identified on the multidimensional associated feature set of part welding based on the welding anomaly identifier to obtain abnormal parameters of part welding; based on the abnormal parameters of part welding, the positioning and fastening strategy parameters of the part are optimized, adjusted and analyzed to obtain an optimization threshold of the strategy parameters; the finite element simulation model of the part is used to perform global evaluation and optimization within the optimization threshold of the strategy parameters to determine the optimization parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy.

[0039] Specifically, the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the welding parts generated during the welding process is preprocessed; the collected raw data is denoised through a filtering algorithm to eliminate the collection error; then the data is standardized to normalize the data of different dimensions to a unified range; finally, the data is aligned according to the time axis to ensure the temporal consistency between the data of each dimension. After the preprocessing is completed, feature extraction is performed based on the correlation of the data, such as analyzing the relationship between the change of clamping force and the displacement of the part, the correlation between the welding temperature and the thermal stress distribution, etc., to form a multi-dimensional correlation feature set of the welding parts.

[0040] Build a welding anomaly identifier to detect abnormal conditions during welding. A model based on support vector machine (SVM) is selected and trained in combination with the historical welding data of parts. Abnormal samples include insufficient clamping force, excessive temperature, or excessive displacement. The extracted multidimensional correlation feature set is input into the anomaly identifier to identify abnormal parameters in the welding process, such as the clamping force at a certain moment is lower than the set range or the temperature in a certain area exceeds the safety threshold, and the specific value and position of the abnormal parameters are recorded. According to the abnormal parameters, the positioning and fastening strategy parameters are optimized and adjusted, and the optimal selection threshold of each parameter is set in combination with the identified abnormal conditions. For example, if the clamping force is abnormally low, the pressure range of the clamping device is recalculated to ensure that the identified abnormal interval is covered; if the temperature of the welding area is higher than the safety threshold, the heat input power or welding time of the welding equipment is optimized; if the displacement exceeds the allowable range, the number of fastening points is increased or the position of the fastening points is adjusted to ensure that the parts do not shift during the welding process.

[0041] The optimized selection threshold is input into the finite element simulation model of the part, and the welding process after parameter adjustment is globally evaluated and optimized. The simulation model is used to simulate different parameter combinations to evaluate the impact of each scheme on the deformation trend and thermal stress distribution of the part; the optimization algorithm is used to perform global optimization within the selected threshold to find the best parameter combination that minimizes part deformation and uniformly distributes thermal stress, and this combination is determined as the optimization parameter of the positioning and fastening strategy.

[0042] Furthermore, the determination of the optimization parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy includes: The strategy parameter optimization selection threshold is used as the optimization search space, and multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations are uniformly sampled in the optimization search space; a welding optimization target is set, and a welding effect evaluation fitness function is fitted and constructed according to the welding optimization target; the multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations are simulated and evaluated using the part finite element simulation model and the welding effect evaluation fitness function to obtain multiple strategy parameter welding effects; the multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations are cross-mutated and expanded based on the multiple strategy parameter welding effects to obtain a strategy parameter combination population, and a global comparison and optimization is performed within the strategy parameter combination population to determine the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters.

[0043] Specifically, the threshold for optimizing the selection of strategy parameters is set as the optimal search space, including the clamping force range, welding temperature range, and the adjustable range of the fastening point layout; a uniform sampling strategy is adopted in the optimal search space, and each parameter dimension is discretized and sampled according to the set interval. For example, the clamping force is divided into 10 equally spaced points, the welding temperature is divided into 5 intervals, and 5 different layout schemes are selected for the fastening point position to generate multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations to ensure full coverage of the search space. The welding optimization goal is defined to minimize the deformation of parts caused by welding, optimize the uniformity of thermal stress distribution, and improve the strength of welded joints; based on the welding optimization goal, a welding effect evaluation fitness function is constructed, and different target indicators are normalized and assigned weights. Among them, the welding effect evaluation fitness function is F=w1D+w2S+w3J, where w1, w2, and w3 represent the relative weights of each target, D represents the deformation of the part, S represents the uniformity of thermal stress distribution, J represents the strength of the welded joint, and F represents the fitness value. The lower the fitness value, the worse the welding effect.

[0044] The finite element simulation model of the part is used to simulate each candidate strategy parameter combination. The simulation content includes: the influence of clamping force distribution on the deformation stability of the part, the effect of welding temperature on thermal stress distribution, and the contribution of fastening point layout to joint strength. The simulation results are input into the fitness function to calculate the welding effect of each candidate strategy parameter combination, including the deformation of the part, the uniformity of thermal stress distribution, and the strength of the welded joint; these results are summarized to generate multiple strategy parameter welding effects.

[0045] Based on the simulation results, the candidate strategy parameter combinations with better performance are crossovered and mutated to expand the population. Specifically, crossover: extract some parameters from two preferred combinations and recombine them, such as selecting clamping force parameters from combination A and welding temperature parameters from combination B to generate new combinations; mutation: randomly adjust the parameter values ​​of the selected combinations, such as increasing the clamping force of a certain combination by 10% or reducing the welding temperature by 5%. The expanded population is simulated again to calculate its welding effect, and together with the original candidate combinations, it forms a complete strategy parameter combination population. Finally, a global comparison and optimization are performed within the expanded population; the welding effects of all strategy parameter combinations are ranked, and the strategy parameters with the highest fitness value are selected as the final positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters.

[0046] In summary, the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects: First, the structural characteristic information of the target part is obtained, and the part processing positioning structure is designed according to the structural characteristic information and the friction welding cutting point requirements, wherein the part processing positioning structure includes a plurality of positioning pins and positioning holes. Then, according to the welding requirement information of the target part, a friction welding locking device is selected, and the positioning and fastening strategy analysis of the structural characteristic information of the target part is performed based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, and the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters are obtained. Then, a sensor group is set on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, and the sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor. Next, the friction welding strategy of the target part is controlled by the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters, and the part welding process is monitored in real time through the sensor group to obtain the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding. Finally, the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters are optimized, analyzed and adjusted based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding, and the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters are determined, and the positioning and fastening decision of the target part is made through the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters. The technical problem of unstable welding quality caused by improper positioning and fastening in the friction welding process in the prior art is solved, and the technical effect of improving the stability of welding quality and production efficiency is achieved.

[0047] Embodiment 2 is based on the same inventive concept as the positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding in the above embodiment. Figure 2 As shown, the present application provides a positioning and fastening decision system for friction welding, wherein the system includes: Positioning structure design module 11: obtain the structural characteristic information of the target part, and design the part processing positioning structure according to the structural characteristic information and the friction welding cutting point requirements, wherein the part processing positioning structure includes a plurality of positioning pins and positioning holes; fastening strategy analysis module 12: select the friction welding locking device according to the welding requirement information of the target part, and perform positioning and fastening strategy analysis on the structural characteristic information of the target part based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters; sensor setting module 13: set a sensor group on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, and the sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; monitoring module 14: use the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters to control the friction welding strategy of the target part, and monitor the part welding process in real time through the sensor group to obtain a multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding; optimization module 15: optimize, analyze and adjust the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding, determine the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters, and make positioning and fastening decisions on the target part through the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters.

[0048] Furthermore, the positioning structure design module 11 is used to perform the following method: The structural characteristic information is subjected to element feature extraction to obtain a part structural element feature set, wherein the part structural element feature set includes part shape, specification size, material and processing accuracy requirements; according to the friction welding cutting point requirements, the cutting point position, quantity and accuracy are determined; a processing positioning structure design database is constructed, and based on the part structural element feature set and the cutting point position, quantity and accuracy, traversal matching is performed in the processing positioning structure design database to obtain an initial matching positioning structure and matching deviation parameters; based on the matching deviation parameters, the initial matching positioning structure is designed and simulated and optimized to determine the part processing positioning structure.

[0049] Furthermore, the positioning structure design module 11 is used to perform the following method: Based on the matching deviation parameters, an optimization strategy analysis is performed on the initial matching positioning structure to obtain multiple structural design optimization strategies; the initial matching positioning structure is designed and optimized according to the multiple structural design optimization strategies to obtain multiple optimized processing positioning structures; a positioning effect evaluation index set is obtained, and based on the positioning effect evaluation index set, design simulation evaluations are performed on the multiple optimized processing positioning structures respectively to obtain multiple positioning structure simulation effects; based on the multiple positioning structure simulation effects, the multiple optimized processing positioning structures are compared and optimized to determine the part processing positioning structure.

[0050] Furthermore, the fastening strategy analysis module 12 is used to execute the following method: Based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, a strategy design analysis is performed on the structural characteristic information of the target part to obtain part positioning and fastening strategy parameters, wherein the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters include part fastening points, fastening sequence, and clamping force; finite element analysis and meshing are performed on the structural characteristic information of the target part to establish a part finite element simulation model; the part finite element simulation model is used to simulate the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters to obtain part deformation trends and thermal stress distributions; based on the part deformation trends and thermal stress distributions, the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters are iteratively optimized to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0051] Furthermore, the fastening strategy analysis module 12 is used to execute the following method: The deformation limit and thermal safety threshold of the part are obtained, and the unstable areas of the deformation trend and thermal stress distribution of the part are identified based on the deformation limit and thermal safety threshold to obtain the critical unstable area set of the part; the stability of each unstable area in the critical unstable area set of the part is evaluated to obtain a regional stability coefficient set; based on the critical unstable area set of the part and the regional stability coefficient set, the positioning and fastening strategy parameters of the part are iteratively optimized and adjusted to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0052] Furthermore, the optimization module 15 is used to perform the following method: The multidimensional monitoring data stream of part welding is preprocessed and associated features are extracted to obtain a multidimensional associated feature set of part welding; a welding anomaly identifier is built, and anomalies are identified on the multidimensional associated feature set of part welding based on the welding anomaly identifier to obtain abnormal parameters of part welding; based on the abnormal parameters of part welding, the positioning and fastening strategy parameters of the part are optimized, adjusted and analyzed to obtain an optimization threshold of the strategy parameters; the finite element simulation model of the part is used to perform global evaluation and optimization within the optimization threshold of the strategy parameters to determine the optimization parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy.

[0053] Furthermore, the optimization module 15 is used to perform the following method: The strategy parameter optimization selection threshold is used as the optimization search space, and multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations are uniformly sampled in the optimization search space; a welding optimization target is set, and a welding effect evaluation fitness function is fitted and constructed according to the welding optimization target; the multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations are simulated and evaluated using the part finite element simulation model and the welding effect evaluation fitness function to obtain multiple strategy parameter welding effects; the multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations are cross-mutated and expanded based on the multiple strategy parameter welding effects to obtain a strategy parameter combination population, and a global comparison and optimization is performed within the strategy parameter combination population to determine the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters.

[0054] It should be noted that the above-mentioned sequence of the embodiments of the present application is only for description and does not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. And the above-mentioned specific embodiments of this specification are described. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0055] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

[0056] This specification and drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of the present application and are deemed to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents within the scope of the present application. Obviously, a person skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the present application and its equivalents, the present application intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding, characterized in that: The method comprises: Acquire structural characteristic information of the target part, and design a part processing positioning structure according to the structural characteristic information and the friction welding cutting point requirement, wherein the part processing positioning structure includes a plurality of positioning pins and positioning holes; According to the welding requirement information of the target part, a friction welding locking device is selected, and a positioning and fastening strategy analysis is performed on the structural characteristic information of the target part based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device to obtain target positioning and fastening strategy parameters; A sensor group is arranged on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, and the sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; The target positioning and fastening strategy parameters are used to control the friction welding strategy of the target part, and the sensor group is used to monitor the part welding process in real time to obtain a multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding; Based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding, the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters are optimized, analyzed and adjusted to determine the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters, and the positioning and fastening decision is made for the target part through the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters.

2. The positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The design obtains a part processing positioning structure, including: Extracting element features from the structural characteristic information to obtain a part structural element feature set, wherein the part structural element feature set includes part shape, specification size, material, and processing accuracy requirements; According to the friction welding cutting point requirements, determine the cutting point position, quantity and accuracy; Constructing a machining positioning structure design database, and performing traversal matching in the machining positioning structure design database based on the part structural element feature set and the position, quantity and accuracy of the cutting point to obtain an initial matching positioning structure and matching deviation parameters; The initial matching positioning structure is designed and simulated optimized based on the matching deviation parameters to determine the part processing positioning structure.

3. The positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of determining the part processing positioning structure comprises: Performing an optimization strategy analysis on the initial matching positioning structure based on the matching deviation parameter to obtain a plurality of structural design optimization strategies; Performing design optimization on the initial matching positioning structure according to the multiple structural design optimization strategies to obtain multiple optimized processing positioning structures; Obtaining a positioning effect evaluation index set, and performing design simulation evaluation on the multiple optimized processing positioning structures based on the positioning effect evaluation index set to obtain multiple positioning structure simulation effects; Based on the simulation effects of the multiple positioning structures, the multiple optimized processing positioning structures are compared and selected to determine the part processing positioning structure.

4. The positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining target positioning and fastening strategy parameters includes: Based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, a strategy design analysis is performed on the structural characteristic information of the target part to obtain part positioning and fastening strategy parameters, wherein the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters include part fastening points, fastening sequence, and clamping force; Performing finite element analysis and meshing solution on the structural characteristic information of the target part to establish a finite element simulation model of the part; The finite element simulation model of the part is used to simulate the positioning and fastening strategy parameters of the part to obtain the deformation trend and thermal stress distribution of the part; The part positioning and fastening strategy parameters are iteratively optimized based on the part deformation trend and thermal stress distribution to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

5. The positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding according to claim 4, characterized in that: The obtaining of the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters includes: Obtaining a deformation limit value and a thermal safety threshold value of a part, and identifying unstable regions of deformation trends and thermal stress distribution of the part based on the deformation limit value and the thermal safety threshold value, respectively, to obtain a critical unstable region set of the part; Performing stability evaluation on each instability region of the critical instability region set of the part respectively to obtain a set of regional stability coefficients; The part positioning and fastening strategy parameters are iteratively optimized and adjusted based on the part critical instability region set and the region stability coefficient set to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

6. The positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of determining the optimization parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy includes: Preprocessing and extracting associated features of the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding to obtain a multi-dimensional associated feature set of the part welding; Building a welding anomaly identifier, and performing anomaly identification on the multi-dimensional associated feature set of the part welding based on the welding anomaly identifier to obtain the part welding anomaly parameters; Optimizing and adjusting the positioning and fastening strategy parameters of the parts based on the abnormal welding parameters of the parts to obtain the optimization selection threshold of the strategy parameters; The finite element simulation model of the part is used to perform global evaluation and optimization within the strategy parameter optimization selection threshold to determine the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters.

7. The positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of determining the optimization parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy includes: The strategy parameter optimization selection threshold is used as an optimization search space, and multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations are obtained by uniform sampling in the optimization search space; Setting a welding optimization target, and fitting and constructing a welding effect evaluation fitness function according to the welding optimization target; Using the part finite element simulation model and the welding effect evaluation fitness function to simulate and evaluate the multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations, and obtain welding effects of multiple strategy parameters; Based on the welding effects of the multiple strategy parameters, the multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations are cross-mutated and expanded to obtain a strategy parameter combination population, and a global comparison and optimization is performed within the strategy parameter combination population to determine the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters.

8. Positioning and fastening decision system for friction welding, characterized in that: A positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented, wherein the system comprises: Positioning structure design module: obtains the structural characteristic information of the target part, and designs the part processing positioning structure according to the structural characteristic information and the friction welding cutting point requirements, wherein the part processing positioning structure includes a plurality of positioning pins and positioning holes; Fastening strategy analysis module: according to the welding requirement information of the target part, a friction welding locking device is selected, and a positioning and fastening strategy analysis is performed on the structural characteristic information of the target part based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device to obtain target positioning and fastening strategy parameters; Sensor setting module: a sensor group is set on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, and the sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; Monitoring module: using the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters to control the friction welding strategy of the target part, and at the same time using the sensor group to monitor the part welding process in real time to obtain a multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding; Optimization module: Optimize, analyze and adjust the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding, determine the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters, and make positioning and fastening decisions for the target part through the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters.

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