3D printer for building construction and 3D printing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, and particularly discloses a 3D printer for building construction and a 3D printing method.The 3D printer comprises a three-dimensional moving rack, a three-axis displacement mechanism arranged on the three-dimensional moving rack, a storage tank arranged on the three-axis displacement mechanism and used for temporarily storing concrete and a spray head arranged at the bottom of the storage tank; an extrusion mechanism is arranged on the storage tank and comprises a rotating shaft rotationally arranged at the upper end of the inner side of the storage tank, and a screw rod corresponding to the spray head is arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft; and a pneumatic plugging assembly linked with the rotating shaft is arranged on one side of the storage tank. According to the 3D printer for building construction and the 3D printing method, the extrusion mechanism and the pneumatic plugging assembly are arranged in a linkage mode, automatic plugging of the bottom of the spray head can be achieved in cooperation with the first pressure relief assembly and the second pressure relief assembly, the situation that the product quality and the working environment are affected by dropping of concrete materials when extrusion is stopped is avoided, the structure is compact, and use is convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, and in particular to a 3D printer and a 3D printing method for building construction. Background Art

[0002] As a revolutionary innovation in the field of architecture, concrete 3D printing technology successfully prints concrete materials in a layer-by-layer cumulative manner through highly integrated digital model design and precision mechanical control systems. This technology not only significantly improves the efficiency of building production and reduces the manpower and material consumption in traditional construction methods, but also provides architects with unprecedented creative space due to its excellent environmental performance and high degree of design freedom, making it easy to realize complex and exquisite architectural forms.

[0003] However, in actual operation, the residue problem faced by existing printer nozzles when they stop discharging materials cannot be ignored. These residues are often composed of incompletely discharged concrete materials. They may accidentally drip when the nozzle is paused or moved, leaving obvious defects directly on the printed materials that have not yet fully solidified, seriously affecting the aesthetics and structural integrity of the final product. In addition, these residues may also splash onto the workbench, gradually accumulating to form stains that are difficult to remove, which not only destroys the cleanliness of the working environment, but may also interfere with subsequent printing operations and increase additional cleaning and maintenance workload. In the long run, these problems not only increase operating costs, but may also reduce overall production efficiency due to frequent shutdowns for cleaning.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a 3D printer and a 3D printing method for construction to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a 3D printer and a 3D printing method for construction, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A 3D printer for construction, comprising a three-dimensional mobile frame, a three-axis displacement mechanism arranged on the three-dimensional mobile frame, a storage tank arranged on the three-axis displacement mechanism for temporarily storing concrete, and a nozzle arranged at the bottom of the storage tank, wherein the storage tank is provided with an extrusion mechanism, wherein the extrusion mechanism comprises a rotating shaft rotatably arranged at the upper end of the inner side of the storage tank, a screw corresponding to the nozzle is arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft, and a feeding motor for driving the rotating shaft to rotate is arranged at the upper end of the storage tank; A pneumatic plugging assembly linked to the rotating shaft is provided on one side of the storage tank, and the pneumatic plugging assembly includes a pneumatic frame fixedly arranged on one side of the storage tank, a sliding channel is provided on the side wall of the pneumatic frame, a driving plug rod is movably connected to the inner side of the sliding channel laterally, a longitudinal rod is vertically provided on the outer end of the driving plug rod, a cross arm is laterally provided at the bottom of the longitudinal rod, and a sealing disk for sealing the bottom of the nozzle is provided at one end of the cross arm away from the longitudinal rod, a piston cylinder corresponding to the upper end of the rotating shaft is fixedly provided on one side of the upper end of the storage tank close to the pneumatic frame, and a piston cylinder movably connected to the rotating shaft is provided on the inner side of one end of the piston cylinder close to the rotating shaft An air supply plug rod extends in the axial direction, a driving arm corresponding to the air supply plug rod is fixedly provided on the side wall of the upper end of the rotating shaft, an arc-shaped force-bearing head is provided on the end of the air supply plug rod close to the driving arm, and is configured so that when the driving arm is driven by the rotating shaft to rotate, the force-bearing head will be squeezed, so that the force-bearing head drives the air supply plug rod to move, a fourth spring is provided between the end of the air supply plug rod away from the force-bearing head and the inner wall of the piston cylinder, an air outlet pipe and an air inlet are provided on the end of the piston cylinder away from the air supply plug rod, and a one-way valve is provided on the air inlet and the air outlet pipe, and the air outlet pipe is connected to the end of the sliding channel close to the storage tank through a vent pipe; The driving plug rod is provided with a first pressure relief assembly, which includes a first spring arranged outside one end of the driving plug rod located inside the sliding channel, an end of the driving plug rod away from the longitudinal rod is open, and an axial side wall of the end of the driving plug rod close to the opening is provided with an air relief groove, and the blocking disk corresponds to the nozzle when the first spring is in a reset state; The pneumatic frame is provided with a second pressure relief assembly, which includes a sealing sheet longitudinally movably connected to the inner side of one end of the pneumatic frame close to the storage tank, the sealing sheet is provided with a pressure relief hole corresponding to the sliding channel, the sliding channel is provided with an opening corresponding to the pressure relief hole at one end close to the storage tank, a second guide wheel is provided at the upper end of the sealing sheet, a second guide frame corresponding to the sealing sheet is fixedly provided at one end of the air supply plug rod close to the force-bearing head, a second guide groove is provided on the side wall of the second guide frame, and the second guide wheel is movably guided and connected to the second guide groove, and the end of the second guide groove close to the storage tank is horizontal, and the end away from the storage tank is inclined upward, and is configured so that when the second guide wheel is located in the horizontal part of the second guide groove close to one end of the storage tank, the pressure relief hole and the sliding channel are staggered, and when the second guide wheel is located in the inclined part of the second guide groove away from one end of the storage tank, the pressure relief hole coincides with the sliding channel.

[0007] Preferably, when the fourth spring is in the initial state, the second guide wheel is located in the horizontal part of the inner side of the second guide groove close to one end of the storage tank, and is configured so that when the second guide wheel does not reach the inclined part of the second guide groove far from one end of the storage tank during the resetting period of the fourth spring, the driving arm can be squeezed with the force head again, so that the pressure relief hole is always staggered with the sliding channel before the rotating shaft stops.

[0008] Preferably, a transmission box is provided at the upper end of the storage tank, the feeding motor is provided at the top of the transmission box, and the end of the air supply plug rod away from the piston cylinder extends to the inner side of the transmission box, and the air supply plug rod is movably guided and connected to the transmission box; The side of the driving arm away from the rotating shaft is rotatably connected with a roller.

[0009] Preferably, the one-way valve located on the air inlet is configured to only allow gas to enter the piston cylinder from the outside; The one-way valve located on the air outlet pipe is configured to only allow the gas inside the piston cylinder to enter the ventilation pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the three-axis displacement mechanism comprises a printing table movably arranged at the lower end of the three-dimensional movable frame and used for carrying the printed object, an adjustment motor is arranged on one side of the lower end of the three-dimensional movable frame, and corresponding adjustment synchronous wheels are arranged at the output end of the adjustment motor and at one end of the lower end of the three-dimensional movable frame away from the adjustment motor, and adjustment belts for driving the displacement of the printing table are arranged on the two adjustment synchronous wheels; Screw rods are arranged on both sides of the upper end of the three-dimensional movable frame for vertical rotation, and lifting motors for driving the screw rods to rotate are arranged at both ends of the top of the three-dimensional movable frame, and a lifting frame is threadedly connected to the screw rods; A transverse motor is arranged at one end of the lifting frame, and corresponding transverse synchronous wheels are arranged at the output end of the transverse motor and at the end of the lifting frame away from the transverse motor. A transverse synchronous wheel is arranged on the transverse belt, and a support frame driven by the transverse belt is arranged on one side of the transverse belt, and the storage tank is fixedly arranged on the support frame.

[0011] Preferably, a hidden component is provided at the lower end of the longitudinal rod, and the hidden component includes a first guide frame fixedly arranged on the lower end of the storage tank close to the pneumatic frame side, a first guide groove is provided on the first guide frame, and the end of the first guide groove close to the storage tank is horizontal, and the end away from the storage tank is inclined upward, and the upper end of the cross arm is provided with a first guide wheel that cooperates with the movable guide of the first guide groove, and a floating rod for connecting to the movable guide on the inner side of the lower end of the longitudinal rod is vertically provided at the top of the end of the cross arm close to the longitudinal rod, and the first guide wheel and the first guide groove are configured so that when the first guide wheel is located in the inclined part of the inner side of the first guide groove away from the end of the storage tank, the sealing disk and the nozzle are in a completely staggered state.

[0012] Preferably, a second spring is provided between the top of the floating rod and the inner side of the lower end of the longitudinal rod.

[0013] Preferably, a dynamic stirring mechanism is further included, the dynamic stirring mechanism comprising a pair of ring bodies arranged at one end of the rotating shaft close to the screw rod, and the two ring bodies are arranged one above the other, and the ring body at the lower end is movably sleeved with the rotating shaft, the ring body at the upper end is fixed to the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and a third spring is arranged between the two ring bodies, the side wall of the ring body at the lower end and the upper end side wall of the rotating shaft are movably provided with corresponding stirring blades, and the two corresponding stirring blades are movably connected at one end close to each other; A transverse rod extending to the inner side of the storage tank is fixedly arranged on one side of the longitudinal rod close to the pneumatic frame, and a hollow driving frame is arranged on the end of the transverse rod away from the longitudinal rod. The driving frame is located at the bottom of the ring body at the lower end, and an arc-shaped driving protrusion is arranged on the top of the end of the driving frame close to the ring body. The transverse rod and the pneumatic frame are both movably connected, so that when the driving frame moves laterally, the driving protrusion can drive the ring body at the lower end to move longitudinally.

[0014] Preferably, a pumping pipe for pumping concrete into the storage tank is provided on one side of the upper end of the storage tank.

[0015] A 3D printing method of a 3D printer for building construction, comprising the following steps: S1: Concrete is pumped into the storage tank through a pumping pipe, and the extrusion mechanism and the three-axis displacement mechanism are controlled to achieve the displacement of the storage tank and the extrusion and printing of the concrete material; S2: During the extrusion of the material, the pneumatic blocking component linked with the rotating shaft can release the blockage at the bottom of the nozzle. When the material stops being extruded, the pneumatic blocking component will automatically reset the blockage at the bottom of the nozzle. S3: When the extrusion mechanism is running, the stirring blades will stir the internal concrete material for a second time, and the pneumatic blocking component will continuously drive the stirring blades to change their angles during the extrusion of the material.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a 3D printer and a 3D printing method for building construction, which have the following beneficial effects: The 3D printer and 3D printing method for building construction can realize automatic blocking of the bottom of the nozzle by linking the extrusion mechanism with the pneumatic blocking component, and cooperating with the first pressure relief component and the second pressure relief component, so as to prevent the concrete material from dripping and affecting the product quality and the working environment when the extrusion is stopped, and can automatically release the blockage of the bottom of the nozzle when the extrusion starts. The structure is compact and easy to use. The setting of the hidden component can hide and raise the blocking plate after the blockage is released to avoid affecting the printing work.

[0017] The 3D printer and 3D printing method for building construction can realize secondary mixing of concrete materials inside the storage tank during extrusion by linking a dynamic mixing mechanism with a pneumatic blocking component, and the path of the mixing blades changes continuously during mixing, thereby increasing the mixing effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of another perspective of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the storage tank of the present invention; Figure 4 The present invention Figure 3 A structural diagram from another perspective based on the above; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the storage tank of the present invention; Figure 6 The present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure after the storage tank on the foundation is removed; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pneumatic frame, the vent pipe, the driving plug rod and the traverse rod of the present invention in a disassembled state; Figure 8 The present invention Figure 7 A structural diagram from another perspective based on the above; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sealing sheet, the air supply plug rod and the piston cylinder of the present invention in a disassembled state; Fig.10 The present invention Fig. 9 A structural diagram from another perspective based on the above; Fig.11 It is a schematic structural diagram of the driving plug rod and the first spring of the present invention; Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-section structure of the pneumatic frame of the present invention; Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hidden components of the present invention when they are disassembled; Fig.14 It is a structural schematic diagram of the dynamic stirring mechanism of the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: 1. 3D mobile frame; 2. Printing table; 3. Support frame; 4. Storage tank; 5. Nozzle; 6. Screw; 7. Lifting motor; 8. Lifting frame; 9. Transverse motor; 10. Transverse synchronous wheel; 11. Transverse belt; 12. Adjusting motor; 13. Adjusting synchronous wheel; 14. Adjusting belt; 15. Pumping pipe; 16. Feeding motor; 17. Pneumatic frame; 18. Longitudinal rod; 19. Cross arm; 20. Blocking plate; 21. Transmission box; 22. Piston cylinder; 23. First guide frame; 24. Rotating shaft; 25. Screw; 26. Floating rod; 27. First guide wheel; 2 8. Driving arm; 29. ​​Roller; 30. Stirring blade; 31. Transverse rod; 32. Driving frame; 33. Driving plug rod; 34. Air supply plug rod; 35. Force head; 36. Sealing plate; 37. Ventilation pipe; 38. Second guide frame; 39. Driving protrusion; 40. Sliding channel; 41. Pressure relief hole; 42. Second guide wheel; 43. Air outlet pipe; 44. One-way valve; 45. First spring; 46. Air relief groove; 47. Second spring; 48. First guide groove; 49. Ring body; 50. Third spring; 51. Air inlet; 52. Fourth spring; 53. Second guide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0021] like Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, a 3D printer for construction includes a three-dimensional mobile frame 1, a three-axis displacement mechanism arranged on the three-dimensional mobile frame 1, a storage tank 4 arranged on the three-axis displacement mechanism for temporarily storing concrete, and a nozzle 5 arranged at the bottom of the storage tank 4, and a pumping pipe 15 for pumping concrete into the storage tank 4 is arranged on one side of the upper end of the storage tank 4, wherein the three-axis displacement mechanism includes a printing table 2 movably arranged at the lower end of the three-dimensional mobile frame 1 and used for carrying printed materials, an adjusting motor 12 is arranged on one side of the lower end of the three-dimensional mobile frame 1, and corresponding adjusting synchronous wheels 13 are arranged at the output end of the adjusting motor 12 and at one end of the lower end of the three-dimensional mobile frame 1 away from the adjusting motor 12, and the two adjusting synchronous wheels 13 are provided with an adjusting belt 14 for driving the displacement of the printing table 2, and vertical rotation devices are arranged on both sides of the upper end of the three-dimensional mobile frame 1. A screw rod 6 is arranged, and lifting motors 7 for driving the screw rod 6 to rotate are arranged at both ends of the top of the three-dimensional movable frame 1. A lifting frame 8 is threadedly connected to the screw rod 6, and a transverse motor 9 is arranged at one end of the lifting frame 8. The output end of the transverse motor 9 and the end of the lifting frame 8 away from the transverse motor 9 are provided with corresponding transverse synchronous wheels 10, and a transverse belt 11 is arranged on the transverse synchronous wheel 10. A support frame 3 driven by the transverse belt 11 is arranged on one side of the transverse belt 11. The storage tank 4 is fixedly arranged on the support frame 3, and an extrusion mechanism is arranged on the storage tank 4. The extrusion mechanism includes a rotating shaft 24 rotatably arranged at the upper end of the inner side of the storage tank 4, and a screw 25 corresponding to the nozzle 5 is arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft 24. A transmission box 21 is arranged at the upper end of the storage tank 4, and a feeding motor 16 for driving the rotating shaft 24 to rotate is arranged at the upper end of the transmission box 21; like Figure 3-Figure 10 , Fig.12As shown, unlike the prior art, a pneumatic plugging assembly linked to the rotating shaft 24 is provided on one side of the storage tank 4, and the pneumatic plugging assembly includes a pneumatic frame 17 fixedly provided on one side of the storage tank 4, and a sliding channel 40 is provided on the side wall of the pneumatic frame 17, and a driving plug rod 33 is laterally movably connected to the inner side of the sliding channel 40, and a longitudinal rod 18 is vertically provided at the outer end of the driving plug rod 33, and a horizontal arm 19 is laterally provided at the bottom of the longitudinal rod 18, and an end of the horizontal arm 19 away from the longitudinal rod 18 is provided A sealing plate 20 is provided for sealing the bottom of the nozzle 5. A piston cylinder 22 corresponding to the upper end of the rotating shaft 24 is fixedly provided on one side of the upper end of the storage tank 4 near the pneumatic frame 17. An air supply plug rod 34 extending toward the rotating shaft 24 is movably connected to the inner side of the end of the piston cylinder 22 near the rotating shaft 24. One end of the air supply plug rod 34 extends to the inner side of the transmission box 21. The air supply plug rod 34 is movably connected to the transmission box 21. The side wall of the upper end of the rotating shaft 24 is fixedly provided with a gas supply plug rod 34. Corresponding to the driving arm 28, an arc-shaped force-bearing head 35 is provided at one end of the air supply plug rod 34 close to the driving arm 28, and it is configured that when the driving arm 28 is driven by the rotating shaft 24 to rotate, the force-bearing head 35 will be squeezed, so that the force-bearing head 35 drives the air supply plug rod 34 to move. In order to reduce the friction force, a roller 29 is rotatably connected to the side of the driving arm 28 away from the rotating shaft 24, and a fourth spring 52 is provided between the end of the air supply plug rod 34 away from the force-bearing head 35 and the inner wall of the piston cylinder 22, and the piston An air outlet pipe 43 and an air inlet 51 are provided at one end of the cylinder 22 away from the air supply plug rod 34, and a one-way valve 44 is provided on both the air inlet 51 and the air outlet pipe 43. The air outlet pipe 43 is connected to an end of the sliding channel 40 close to the storage tank 4 through a vent pipe 37. The one-way valve 44 located on the air inlet 51 is configured to only allow gas to enter the piston cylinder 22 from the outside, and the one-way valve 44 located on the air outlet pipe 43 is configured to only allow gas inside the piston cylinder 22 to enter the vent pipe 37. Further, such as Fig.11 As shown, in order to discharge the gas in the sliding channel 40 when there is too much gas, a first pressure relief assembly is provided on the driving plug rod 33, and the first pressure relief assembly includes a first spring 45 provided outside the end of the driving plug rod 33 located inside the sliding channel 40, the end of the driving plug rod 33 away from the longitudinal rod 18 is open, and the axial side wall of the end of the driving plug rod 33 close to the opening is provided with a gas relief groove 46, and the blocking disk 20 corresponds to the nozzle 5 when the first spring 45 is in the reset state; like Figure 7-10 , Fig.12As shown, in order to block the sliding channel 40 during the extrusion of concrete and to relieve the pressure of the sliding channel 40 when the extrusion of concrete stops, a second pressure relief assembly is arranged on the pneumatic frame 17, and the second pressure relief assembly includes a sealing sheet 36 longitudinally movably connected to the inner side of one end of the pneumatic frame 17 close to the storage tank 4, and a pressure relief hole 41 corresponding to the sliding channel 40 is arranged on the sealing sheet 36, and an opening corresponding to the pressure relief hole 41 is arranged at the end of the sliding channel 40 close to the storage tank 4, and a second guide wheel 42 is arranged at the upper end of the sealing sheet 36, and a second guide frame 38 corresponding to the sealing sheet 36 is fixedly arranged at one end of the air supply plug rod 34 close to the force head 35, and a second guide groove 53 is arranged on the side wall of the second guide frame 38, and the second guide wheel 42 is movably guided and connected to the second guide groove 53, and the second guide groove 53 is close to the storage tank 4. One end of the storage tank 4 is horizontal, and the end away from the storage tank 4 is inclined upward, and is configured so that when the second guide wheel 42 is located in the horizontal part of the second guide groove 53 close to one end of the storage tank 4, the pressure relief hole 41 is staggered with the sliding channel 40, and when the second guide wheel 42 is located in the inclined part of the second guide groove 53 away from one end of the storage tank 4, the pressure relief hole 41 coincides with the sliding channel 40, and is configured so that when the fourth spring 52 is in the initial state, the second guide wheel 42 is located in the horizontal part of the inner side of the second guide groove 53 close to one end of the storage tank 4, and is configured so that when the second guide wheel 42 does not reach the inclined part of the second guide groove 53 far from one end of the storage tank 4 during the resetting of the fourth spring 52, the driving arm 28 can be squeezed with the force head 35 again, so that the pressure relief hole 41 is always staggered with the sliding channel 40 before the rotating shaft 24 stops.

[0022] like Figure 3-Figure 6 , Fig.13 As shown, in order to facilitate the sealing disk 20 to be higher than the nozzle 5 when it is offset from the nozzle 5, a hidden component is arranged at the lower end of the longitudinal rod 18, and the hidden component includes a first guide frame 23 fixedly arranged on the lower end of the storage tank 4 near the side of the pneumatic frame 17, and a first guide groove 48 is arranged on the first guide frame 23, and the end of the first guide groove 48 near the storage tank 4 is horizontal, and the end away from the storage tank 4 is inclined upward, and a first guide wheel 27 that cooperates with the movable guide of the first guide groove 48 is arranged on the upper end of the cross arm 19, and a floating rod 26 that is connected to the movable guide on the inner side of the lower end of the longitudinal rod 18 is vertically arranged on the top of the end of the cross arm 19 near the longitudinal rod 18. In order to increase the stability of the sealing disk 20 after it rises, a second spring 47 is arranged between the top of the floating rod 26 and the inner side of the lower end of the longitudinal rod 18. The first guide wheel 27 and the first guide groove 48 are configured so that when the first guide wheel 27 is located in the inclined part of the inner side of the first guide groove 48 away from the end of the storage tank 4, the sealing disk 20 and the nozzle 5 are in a completely offset state.

[0023] In addition, if Fig.14As shown, it also includes a dynamic stirring mechanism, which includes a pair of ring bodies 49 arranged at one end of the rotating shaft 24 close to the screw 25, and the two ring bodies 49 are arranged one above and one below, and the ring body 49 at the lower end is movably sleeved with the rotating shaft 24, and the ring body 49 at the upper end is fixed to the outer wall of the rotating shaft 24, and a third spring 50 is arranged between the two ring bodies 49. In order to prevent the influence of concrete materials, a retractable protective cover can be arranged on the outer side of the third spring 50, and the side wall of the ring body 49 at the lower end and the upper end side wall of the rotating shaft 24 are movably provided with corresponding stirring blades 30, and the two corresponding stirring blades 30 are movably connected at one end close to each other, and the longitudinal rod 18 is close to the air A transverse rod 31 extending to the inner side of the storage tank 4 is fixedly provided on one side of the movable frame 17, and a hollow driving frame 32 is provided at the end of the transverse rod 31 away from the longitudinal rod 18. The driving frame 32 is located at the bottom of the ring body 49 at the lower end, and an arc-shaped driving protrusion 39 is provided on the top of the end of the driving frame 32 close to the ring body 49. The transverse rod 31 and the pneumatic frame 17 are both movably connected, so that when the driving frame 32 is laterally displaced, the lower end of the ring body 49 can be driven to move longitudinally through the driving protrusion 39, and a hole groove is also provided on the sealing sheet 36 to facilitate the adaptation of the transverse rod 31, and the movably connected transverse rod 31 and the storage tank 4 is sealed to avoid leakage.

[0024] Also included is an embodiment, a 3D printing method of a 3D printer for building construction, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Concrete is pumped into the storage tank 4 through the pumping pipe 15, and the extrusion mechanism and the three-axis displacement mechanism are controlled to achieve the displacement of the storage tank 4 and the extrusion printing of the concrete material; Step 2: During the extrusion of the material, the pneumatic blocking component linked with the rotating shaft 24 can release the blockage of the bottom of the nozzle 5. When the material stops being extruded, the pneumatic blocking component will automatically reset the blockage of the bottom of the nozzle 5. Step 3: When the extrusion mechanism is running, the stirring blade 30 will stir the internal concrete material for a second time, and the pneumatic blocking component will continuously drive the stirring blade 30 to change its angle during the extrusion of the material.

[0025] When in use, the prepared concrete material is pumped to the storage tank 4 through the pumping pipe 15 for temporary storage. After setting the program, the lifting motor 7, the lateral movement motor 9, the adjusting motor 12 and the feeding motor 16 are controlled to operate according to the settings. When the feeding motor 16 is in operation, the screw 25 is driven to rotate through the rotating shaft 24, and then the concrete is driven by the screw 25 to be squeezed out from the nozzle 5 and printed on the printing table 2. During this period, the adjusting motor 12 drives the adjusting belt 14 to operate through the adjusting synchronous wheel 13, and the adjusting belt 14 drives the printing table 2 to adjust the position of the printed object. The lifting motor 7 drives the lifting frame 8 to rise and fall through the screw rod 6 to adjust the height of the storage tank 4. The lateral movement motor 9 drives the lateral movement belt 11 to operate through the lateral movement synchronous wheel 10, and the lateral movement belt 11 drives the storage tank 4 to adjust the position horizontally, thereby realizing printing at any position; In addition, when the rotating shaft 24 rotates, it will drive the driving arm 28 to rotate. The driving arm 28 will touch the force-bearing head 35 through the roller 29, and then the force-bearing head 35 will be pressed to drive the air supply plug rod 34 to move. The air supply plug rod 34 compresses the fourth spring 52. At the same time, the gas enters the ventilation pipe 37 through the air outlet pipe 43, and then enters the sliding channel 40 through the ventilation pipe 37. When the air supply plug rod 34 moves, it will also drive the second guide frame 38 to move, and then the second guide groove 53 moves. When the second guide wheel 42 enters the horizontal part from the inclined part of the second guide groove 53, the sealing sheet 36 rises. The pressure relief hole 41 is staggered with the sliding channel 40, and the sealing sheet 36 blocks the end of the sliding channel 40 close to the storage tank 4, so that the sliding channel 40 is sealed. Therefore, the gas entering the sliding channel 40 through the vent pipe 37 will push the driving plug rod 33 to move, and the driving plug rod 33 will drive the longitudinal rod 18 to move, and the longitudinal rod 18 drives the blocking plate 20 to move away from the bottom of the nozzle 5 through the cross arm 19, so that the concrete material can be squeezed out and printed, and when the fourth spring 52 is not completely reset, the roller 29 can contact and squeeze with the force head 35 again, so as to inflate the sliding channel 40 again. The air supply plug rod 34 is displaced again before it is completely reset, so the second guide wheel 42 is always displaced in the straight section of the second guide groove 53 close to one end of the storage tank 4, so that the sealing sheet 36 remains stationary, and the pressure relief hole 41 is always staggered with the sliding channel 40, so that the gas that subsequently enters the sliding channel 40 will also push the driving plug rod 33 to move, and when the air relief groove 46 moves to the outside of the sliding channel 40, part of the gas can be discharged through the air relief groove 46, and then the first spring 45 is reset for a distance, and when the sliding channel 40 is inflated again, the driving plug rod 33 is displaced to discharge part of the gas. Therefore, the driving plug rod 33 can be moved back and forth, and after the blocking disk 20 is removed from the bottom of the nozzle 5, the first guide wheel 27 will enter the inclined part from the straight part of the first guide groove 48 close to one end of the storage tank 4, and then the floating rod 26 drives the cross arm 19 and the blocking disk 20 to rise as a whole, avoiding the blocking disk 20 being located at the bottom of the nozzle 5 and affecting the extrusion printing, and when the driving plug rod 33 is moved back and forth through the air release groove 46 to exhaust, the first guide wheel 27 is always displaced inside the inclined part of the first guide groove 48, and when the floating rod 26 rises, the second spring 47 can be compressed to increase stability; When the plug rod 33 is driven to move back and forth through the air release groove 46 to exhaust gas, the drive frame 32 is driven to move back and forth through the transverse rod 31, and then the drive frame 32 drives the drive protrusion 39 to move back and forth. Since the drive protrusion 39 is arc-shaped, the drive protrusion 39 continuously drives the ring body 49 at the lower end to rise and fall, and the third spring 50 is compressed, so that the stirring blade 30 changes its angle and the rotation path changes, thereby increasing the stirring effect. When the rotating shaft 24 stops rotating for extrusion, the fourth spring 52 can be completely reset, the second guide wheel 42 can enter the inner side of the inclined portion of the second guide groove 53 away from the storage tank 4, and then the sealing sheet 36 rises, the pressure relief hole 41 coincides with the sliding channel 40, the internal pressure of the sliding channel 40 is released, the first spring 45 is completely reset, and the longitudinal rod 18 drives the blocking plate 20 to first descend and then move to the bottom of the nozzle 5 for blocking through the cross arm 19; It should be noted that if the roller 29 is in an extrusion state with the force-bearing head 35 when the rotating shaft 24 stops rotating, a sensor can be set in the transmission box 21. Once the two are extruded when stopped, the feeding motor 16 controls the rotating shaft 24 to fine-tune so that the roller 29 is separated from the force-bearing head 35, which is convenient for the bending and resetting of the fourth spring 52, thereby ensuring that the sealing disk 20 can be moved to the bottom of the nozzle 5 for sealing when the concrete extrusion stops.

[0026] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A 3D printer for construction, comprising a three-dimensional mobile frame (1), a three-axis displacement mechanism arranged on the three-dimensional mobile frame (1), a storage tank (4) arranged on the three-axis displacement mechanism for temporarily storing concrete, and a nozzle (5) arranged at the bottom of the storage tank (4), characterized in that: The storage tank (4) is provided with an extrusion mechanism, the extrusion mechanism comprising a rotating shaft (24) rotatably arranged at the upper end of the inner side of the storage tank (4), a screw (25) corresponding to the nozzle (5) is arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft (24), and a feeding motor (16) for driving the rotating shaft (24) to rotate is arranged at the upper end of the storage tank (4); A pneumatic plugging assembly linked to the rotating shaft (24) is arranged on one side of the storage tank (4), and the pneumatic plugging assembly comprises a pneumatic frame (17) fixedly arranged on one side of the storage tank (4), a sliding channel (40) is arranged on the side wall of the pneumatic frame (17), a driving plug rod (33) is movably connected to the inner side of the sliding channel (40), a longitudinal rod (18) is vertically arranged on the outer end of the driving plug rod (33), a transverse arm (19) is transversely arranged on the bottom of the longitudinal rod (18), and a plugging disk (20) for plugging the bottom of the nozzle (5) is arranged at one end of the transverse arm (19) away from the longitudinal rod (18), and a piston cylinder (22) corresponding to the upper end of the rotating shaft (24) is fixedly arranged on one side of the upper end of the storage tank (4) close to the pneumatic frame (17), and a gas supply plug extending in the direction of the rotating shaft (24) is movably connected to the inner side of one end of the piston cylinder (22) close to the rotating shaft (24). The rotating shaft (24) is provided with a driving arm (28) corresponding to the air supply plug rod (34) fixedly disposed on the side wall of the upper end of the rotating shaft (24); an arc-shaped force-bearing head (35) is disposed at one end of the air supply plug rod (34) close to the driving arm (28); and the driving arm (28) is configured such that when the driving arm (28) is driven by the rotating shaft (24) to rotate, it will squeeze the force-bearing head (35), so that the force-bearing head (35) drives the air supply plug rod (34) to move, and the air supply plug rod (34) moves away from the driving arm. A fourth spring (52) is provided between one end of the force head (35) and the inner wall of the piston cylinder (22); an outlet pipe (43) and an air inlet (51) are provided at one end of the piston cylinder (22) away from the air supply plug rod (34); and a one-way valve (44) is provided on the air inlet (51) and the outlet pipe (43); the outlet pipe (43) is connected to one end of the sliding channel (40) close to the storage tank (4) via a vent pipe (37); The driving plug rod (33) is provided with a first pressure relief assembly, the first pressure relief assembly comprising a first spring (45) arranged outside one end of the driving plug rod (33) located inside the sliding channel (40), one end of the driving plug rod (33) away from the longitudinal rod (18) is open, and an axial side wall of the end of the driving plug rod (33) close to the opening is provided with an air relief groove (46), and when the first spring (45) is in a reset state, the blocking disk (20) corresponds to the nozzle (5); The pneumatic frame (17) is provided with a second pressure relief assembly, the second pressure relief assembly comprising a sealing sheet (36) longitudinally movably connected to the inner side of one end of the pneumatic frame (17) close to the storage tank (4), the sealing sheet (36) is provided with a pressure relief hole (41) corresponding to the sliding channel (40), the sliding channel (40) is provided with an opening corresponding to the pressure relief hole (41) at one end close to the storage tank (4), the upper end of the sealing sheet (36) is provided with a second guide wheel (42), the end of the air supply plug rod (34) close to the force-bearing head (35) is fixedly provided with a second guide frame (38) corresponding to the sealing sheet (36), the The side wall of the second guide frame (38) is provided with a second guide groove (53), and the second guide wheel (42) is movably guided and connected to the second guide groove (53), and the end of the second guide groove (53) close to the storage tank (4) is horizontal, and the end away from the storage tank (4) is inclined upward, and is configured so that when the second guide wheel (42) is located at the horizontal part of the second guide groove (53) close to the storage tank (4), the pressure relief hole (41) and the sliding channel (40) are staggered, and when the second guide wheel (42) is located at the inclined part of the second guide groove (53) away from the storage tank (4), the pressure relief hole (41) and the sliding channel (40) are matched.

2. A 3D printer for building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the fourth spring (52) is in the initial state, the second guide wheel (42) is located in a horizontal portion of the inner side of the second guide groove (53) close to one end of the storage tank (4), and is configured so that when the second guide wheel (42) does not reach the inclined portion of the second guide groove (53) far from one end of the storage tank (4) during the resetting of the fourth spring (52), the driving arm (28) can be squeezed with the force-bearing head (35) again, so that the pressure relief hole (41) is always offset from the sliding channel (40) before the rotating shaft (24) stops.

3. A 3D printer for building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transmission box (21) is disposed at the upper end of the storage tank (4), the feed motor (16) is disposed on the top of the transmission box (21), and an end of the air supply plug rod (34) away from the piston cylinder (22) extends to the inner side of the transmission box (21), and the air supply plug rod (34) is movably guided and connected to the transmission box (21); The side of the driving arm (28) away from the rotating shaft (24) is rotatably connected to a roller (29).

4. A 3D printer for building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way valve (44) located on the air inlet (51) is configured to only allow gas to enter the piston cylinder (22) from the outside; The one-way valve (44) located on the gas outlet pipe (43) is configured to only allow the gas inside the piston cylinder (22) to enter the ventilation pipe (37).

5. A 3D printer for building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-axis displacement mechanism comprises a printing table (2) movably arranged at the lower end of the three-dimensional movable frame (1) and used for carrying printed materials, an adjustment motor (12) is arranged on one side of the lower end of the three-dimensional movable frame (1), corresponding adjustment synchronous wheels (13) are arranged at the output end of the adjustment motor (12) and at one end of the lower end of the three-dimensional movable frame (1) away from the adjustment motor (12), and adjustment belts (14) for driving the displacement of the printing table (2) are arranged on the two adjustment synchronous wheels (13); Screw rods (6) are vertically rotatably arranged on both sides of the upper end of the three-dimensional movable frame (1), and lifting motors (7) for driving the screw rods (6) to rotate are arranged at both ends of the top of the three-dimensional movable frame (1), and a lifting frame (8) is threadedly connected to the screw rods (6); A transverse motor (9) is arranged at one end of the lifting frame (8), and a corresponding transverse synchronous wheel (10) is arranged at the output end of the transverse motor (9) and at the end of the lifting frame (8) away from the transverse motor (9), and a transverse belt (11) is arranged on the transverse synchronous wheel (10), and a support frame (3) driven to move by the transverse belt (11) is arranged on one side of the transverse belt (11), and the storage tank (4) is fixedly arranged on the support frame (3).

6. A 3D printer for building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hidden component is provided at the lower end of the longitudinal rod (18), and the hidden component includes a first guide frame (23) fixedly arranged at the lower end of the storage tank (4) near the pneumatic frame (17); a first guide groove (48) is provided on the first guide frame (23); and the end of the first guide groove (48) near the storage tank (4) is horizontal, and the end away from the storage tank (4) is inclined upward; a first guide wheel (27) is provided at the upper end of the cross arm (19) for movably guiding with the first guide groove (48); a floating rod (26) for movably guiding and connecting with the inner side of the lower end of the longitudinal rod (18) is vertically provided at the top of the end of the cross arm (19) near the longitudinal rod (18); the first guide wheel (27) and the first guide groove (48) are configured so that when the first guide wheel (27) is located in the inclined portion of the inner side of the first guide groove (48) away from the end of the storage tank (4), the sealing disc (20) and the nozzle (5) are in a completely staggered state.

7. A 3D printer for building construction according to claim 6, characterized in that: A second spring (47) is provided between the top of the floating rod (26) and the inner side of the lower end of the longitudinal rod (18).

8. A 3D printer for building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a dynamic stirring mechanism, the dynamic stirring mechanism including a pair of ring bodies (49) arranged at one end of the rotating shaft (24) close to the screw rod (25), the two ring bodies (49) being arranged one above the other, the ring body (49) at the lower end being movably sleeved with the rotating shaft (24), the ring body (49) at the upper end being fixed to the outer wall of the rotating shaft (24), a third spring (50) being arranged between the two ring bodies (49), the side wall of the ring body (49) at the lower end and the side wall of the upper end of the rotating shaft (24) being movably arranged with corresponding stirring blades (30), and the adjacent ends of the corresponding two stirring blades (30) being movably connected; A transverse rod (31) extending to the inside of the storage tank (4) is fixedly provided on one side of the longitudinal rod (18) close to the pneumatic frame (17); a hollow driving frame (32) is provided on one end of the transverse rod (31) away from the longitudinal rod (18); the driving frame (32) is located at the bottom of the ring body (49) at the lower end; and an arc-shaped driving protrusion (39) is provided on the top of one end of the driving frame (32) close to the ring body (49); the transverse rod (31) and the pneumatic frame (17) are both movably connected, so that when the driving frame (32) is displaced laterally, the driving protrusion (39) can drive the ring body (49) at the lower end to be displaced longitudinally.

9. A 3D printer for building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pumping pipe (15) for pumping concrete into the storage tank (4) is provided on one side of the upper end of the storage tank (4).

10. A 3D printing method for a 3D printer for building construction according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Concrete is pumped into the storage tank (4) through the pumping pipe (15), and the extrusion mechanism and the three-axis displacement mechanism are controlled to achieve displacement of the storage tank (4) and extrusion printing of the concrete material; S2: During the extrusion of the material, the pneumatic blocking component linked to the rotating shaft (24) can release the blockage on the bottom of the nozzle (5). When the material stops being extruded, the pneumatic blocking component will automatically reset the blockage on the bottom of the nozzle (5); S3: When the extrusion mechanism is in operation, the stirring blade (30) will stir the internal concrete material for a second time, and during the extrusion of the material, the pneumatic blocking component will continuously drive the stirring blade (30) to change its angle.

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