Method for preparing foliar fertilizer from sugarcane and product and application of foliar fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a foliar fertilizer from sugarcane and a product and application thereof, the method comprises the following steps: mixing plant ash, straw powder and bagasse, and uniformly stirring to obtain an ash powder residue precursor; mixing water and the ash powder slag precursor, uniformly stirring, carrying out hydrothermal reaction, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a liquid which is a hydrothermal active liquid; mixing the hippophae rhamnoides puree, the sugarcane juice and the hydrothermal active liquid, uniformly stirring, and adding zymophyte for fermentation to obtain a foliar fertilizer; the zymophyte comprises bacillus, saccharomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria. The preparation process is simple, the required raw materials are wide in source, and sufficient recycling of the sugarcane can be achieved. The foliar fertilizer prepared by the processes of reasonable proportioning, hydrothermal activation and mixed fermentation not only can improve the quality of pseudo-ginseng and increase the content of total saponins of the pseudo-ginseng, the improvement rate is up to 86%, but also can significantly improve the yield of the pseudo-ginseng, and the yield increase rate is up to 152%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for preparing foliar fertilizer by utilizing sugarcane, a product thereof and an application thereof, and belongs to the field of deep resource utilization of conventional crops. Background Art

[0002] As an efficient means of plant nutrition supplementation, foliar fertilizer plays an increasingly important role in modern agriculture. It can not only quickly supplement the nutrients needed by crops, but also promote the growth and development of crops and improve yield and quality. Foliar fertilizers can be divided into nutritional foliar fertilizers, regulating foliar fertilizers, biological foliar fertilizers, and compound foliar fertilizers according to their ingredients and functions. Nutritional foliar fertilizers mainly provide nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements to meet the nutritional needs of crops during growth. This type of foliar fertilizer usually uses inorganic salts or organic matter as a carrier to dissolve nutrients in water and supply them to crops by foliar spraying. Regulating foliar fertilizers contain substances that regulate plant growth, such as auxins, hormones and other ingredients, and their main function is to regulate the growth and development of crops. This type of foliar fertilizer is usually used in the early and middle stages of plant growth to promote the healthy growth of crops by regulating the growth rhythm of plants. Biological foliar fertilizers contain microorganisms and their metabolites, such as amino acids, nucleotides, nucleic acid substances, etc. These substances can stimulate crop growth, promote crop metabolism, and reduce and prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Biological foliar fertilizers are usually made from natural organic matter through fermentation or extraction. Common biological foliar fertilizers include fulvic acid, potassium humate, alginic acid, etc. These substances can improve the soil environment, enhance the immunity of crops, and make crops grow more healthily. Compound foliar fertilizers are fertilizers made of multiple elements. They have various functions. They can provide nutrition, stimulate growth, and regulate development. This type of foliar fertilizer is usually customized according to the growth needs of crops and soil conditions to meet the comprehensive nutritional needs of crops.

[0003] As a crop rich in sugar, water and various trace elements, sugarcane has rich nutrients in its stems, leaves and residues. It is theoretically feasible to use sugarcane to prepare foliar fertilizer, and it has important practical significance. Sugarcane stems are rich in sugars such as sucrose and glucose, as well as various trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus and potassium. These substances can provide plants with necessary nutrients and promote their growth and development. By extracting sugar and trace elements from sugarcane, foliar fertilizer containing various nutrients can be prepared. Sugarcane bagasse and leaves are by-products of sugarcane production and are usually regarded as waste. However, these wastes contain a large amount of organic matter such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as well as various trace elements. Through fermentation or extraction, these organic matters can be converted into foliar fertilizers containing effective ingredients such as amino acids and humic acid. This not only realizes the resource utilization of waste, but also reduces environmental pollution. Traditional soil fertilization methods have the problems of nutrient loss and low utilization rate. Foliar fertilization can directly spray the fertilizer solution onto the surface of the leaves, so that the crops can quickly absorb nutrients. Sugarcane foliar fertilizer contains a variety of nutrients and bioactive substances, which can be directly absorbed into the plant body through the leaves, improving the utilization rate of fertilizers. Highly active fulvic acid and other ingredients in sugarcane foliar fertilizer can increase the tillering rate of sugarcane, increase the chlorophyll content, and promote the photosynthesis and material accumulation of sugarcane. At the same time, sugarcane foliar fertilizer can also improve the stress resistance of sugarcane and enhance its resistance to diseases and pests. Therefore, the application of sugarcane foliar fertilizer can promote the healthy growth of sugarcane and improve the yield and quality of sugarcane. The traditional use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides will cause certain pollution to the environment. As an organic fertilizer, sugarcane foliar fertilizer is made of natural organic matter and no harmful substances are produced during the preparation process. At the same time, the use of sugarcane foliar fertilizer can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and reduce pollution to the environment. This is in line with the development direction of green agriculture and is conducive to protecting the ecological environment. Therefore, the research and development of sugarcane foliar fertilizer should be strengthened to promote its widespread application in agricultural production. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing foliar fertilizer using sugarcane and its product and application.

[0005] Technical solution: To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing foliar fertilizer using sugarcane, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) mixing wood ash, straw powder and bagasse, and stirring evenly to obtain an ash powder and residue precursor;

[0007] (2) mixing water and the ash powder slag precursor described in step (1), stirring evenly, performing a hydrothermal reaction, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a liquid as a hydrothermal active liquid;

[0008] (3) Mix seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and the hydrothermal active liquid in step (2), stir evenly, add fermentation bacteria for fermentation, and obtain foliar fertilizer; the fermentation bacteria include Bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria.

[0009] Wherein, the mass ratio of the wood ash, straw powder and bagasse in step (1) is 0.5-7.5:20-60:100.

[0010] Wherein, the liquid-to-solid ratio of water to ash slag precursor in step (2) is 5 to 75:1 mL / g.

[0011] Wherein, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction in step (2) is 120 to 360° C., and the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 0.5 to 7.5 hours.

[0012] Wherein, the volume ratio of seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid in step (3) is 0.25-2.75:5-25:100.

[0013] Wherein, the Bacillus in step (3) includes one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium or Bacillus halophilus.

[0014] Wherein, the yeast in step (3) comprises one or more of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida aurea, Candida parvum, Vishnus victoriae, Saccharomyces rouxii or Issatchenker orientalis.

[0015] Wherein, the photosynthetic bacteria in step (3) are one or more of Rhodobacterium thiophilum, Rhodobacter palustris, Rhodobacter feces, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter capsules or Rhodobacter acidophilus.

[0016] Wherein, the fermentation time in step (3) is 5 to 25 days, and the fermentation temperature is 15 to 45°C.

[0017] The invention also provides a foliar fertilizer prepared by the method.

[0018] The invention also provides application of the foliar fertilizer in improving plant yield.

[0019] Reaction mechanism:

[0020] Mix water and ash powder and residue precursors, and potassium carbonate and other phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur and iron substances in the wood ash will dissolve into the water. These substances can not only reduce the fractal dimension of straw powder and bagasse, make the structure looser, improve the enzymatic hydrolysis characteristics, and promote the release of soluble proteins, polysaccharides, pectin, water-soluble vitamins, minerals and other components in the hydrothermal environment, but also accelerate the dissociation and hydrolysis of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in straw powder and bagasse, and promote the dissociation and hydrolysis products to further form a mixture of fulvic acid, humic acid and even humus through dehydration reaction, hydration reaction and polymerization reaction. Mix sea buckthorn pulp, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid. During the stirring process, the effective ingredients in the three pulps are fully mixed, accompanied by complex pre-reaction processes such as hydrolysis, neutralization, polymerization and chelation. Fermentation bacteria are added to the foliar stock solution. During the fermentation process, Bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria work synergistically, and through bacterial enzyme co-promoting reactions and synergistic metabolism, protein structure changes, amino acid metabolism, polysaccharide conversion and water-soluble vitamins and minerals are bioavailable. Glucose and fructose in the mixed slurry are mainly converted into pyruvate through the glycolysis pathway during the fermentation process, and energy is generated. Proteins are first decomposed into amino acids during the fermentation process, and amino acids further serve as nitrogen sources for microbial growth and participate in the metabolic activities of microorganisms. Amino acid metabolism can be converted into various alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters and sulfur-containing compounds. Unsaturated fatty acids can be hydrolyzed to form aldehydes, alcohols, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids under the catalysis of lipase. The oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids to form hydroperoxides requires the catalysis of peroxide free radicals, saturated fatty acids undergo β-oxidation to form acetyl coenzyme A, and β-keto acid decarboxylation to form methyl ketones. Amino acid metabolism is converted into various active substances, and aldehyde compounds are further reduced to corresponding alcohol compounds under the action of various amino acid decarboxylases. At the same time, Bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria can further utilize the metabolic products to generate a variety of mixed enzymes, thereby enhancing the activity of foliar fertilizers.

[0021] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: the preparation process of the present invention is simple, the required raw materials are widely available, and the full resource utilization of sugarcane can be achieved. The foliar fertilizer prepared by reasonable ingredients, hydrothermal activation and mixed fermentation process can not only improve the quality of Panax notoginseng and increase its total saponin content, with a maximum increase rate of 86%, but also significantly increase the yield of Panax notoginseng, with a maximum increase rate of 152%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Plant ash: purchased from Xinghua Sannong Plant Ash Co., Ltd., with a soluble K content of 9.35% and a soluble P content of 1.36%;

[0025] Straw powder: purchased from Shaanxi Jinhe Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., type: wheat straw powder, brand: Shaanxi Jinhe;

[0026] Sea buckthorn puree: purchased from Inner Mongolia Yuhangren Sand Industry Co., Ltd., type: sea buckthorn puree (puree), brand: Brand: Yuhangren.

[0027] Example 1 Effect of the mass ratio of wood ash, straw powder and bagasse on the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer

[0028] The sugarcane is squeezed to obtain bagasse and sugarcane juice. The mass ratios are 0.25:20:100, 0.3:20:100, 0.4:20:100, 0.5:12.5:100, 0.5:15:100, 0.5:17.5:100, 0.5:20:100, 4:20:100, 7.5:20:100, 0.5:40:100, 4:40:100, 7 .5:40:100, 0.5:60:100, 4:60:100, 7.5:60:100, 7.5:65:100, 7.5:70:100, 7.5:75:100, 8:60:100, 8.5:60:100, 9:60:100, mix plant ash, straw powder and bagasse, stir evenly, and obtain ash powder residue precursor. Mix water and ash powder residue precursor according to a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1mL / g, stir evenly, carry out hydrothermal reaction, separate solid and liquid, and the obtained liquid is hydrothermal active liquid, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 120℃, and the hydrothermal time is 0.5 hours. Mix sea buckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid according to a volume ratio of 0.25:5:100, stir evenly, and obtain leaf stock solution. Fermentation bacteria were added to the foliar stock solution and fermented for 5 days to obtain foliar fertilizer, wherein the fermentation temperature was 15°C, the fermentation bacteria were composite bacteria, including bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria, the bacillus was bacillus subtilis (strain number: CGMCC 1.3358); the yeast was saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain number: CGMCC 2.1413); and the photosynthetic bacteria was sulfur-loving red oomycete (strain number: CGMCC1.12822).

[0029] Comparative test of Panax notoginseng planting: Two identical plots were selected for planting Panax notoginseng, namely Plot No.1 and Plot No.2. The seedling selection, planting and plant protection process of Panax notoginseng were the same, and the growth cycle was two years. Plot No.1 was not sprayed with foliar fertilizer, and Plot No.2 was sprayed with foliar fertilizer every ten days (foliar fertilizer was used at a dosage of 1 kg per mu, and the foliar fertilizer was diluted 300 times with water before use). After the planting period, Panax notoginseng was collected, the stems and leaves were removed, washed and dried, and the weight was measured.

[0030] Panax notoginseng yield increase rate: The difference in weight between the Panax notoginseng harvested from plot No. 2 and the Panax notoginseng harvested from plot No. 1 was divided by the weight of the Panax notoginseng harvested from plot No. 1 to obtain the Panax notoginseng yield increase rate.

[0031] Total saponin improvement rate: The difference between the total saponin content of Panax notoginseng harvested from plot No. 2 and the total saponin content of Panax notoginseng harvested from plot No. 1 was divided by the total saponin content of Panax notoginseng harvested from plot No. 1 to obtain the total saponin improvement rate.

[0032] The test results of this embodiment are shown in Table 1.

[0033] Table 1 Effect of the mass ratio of wood ash, straw powder and bagasse on the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer

[0034]

[0035] It can be seen from Table 1 that when the mass ratio of wood ash, straw powder and bagasse is less than 0.5:20:100 (as in Table 1, the mass ratio of wood ash, straw powder and bagasse = 0.4:20:100, 0.3:20:100, 0.25:20:100, 0.5:17.5:100, 0.5:15:100, 0.5:12.5:100 and lower ratios not listed in Table 1), less wood ash and straw powder are added, and during the hydrothermal reaction, the wood ash, straw powder and bagasse react insufficiently, and the enzymolysis efficiency is low, resulting in a decrease in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer. The total saponin improvement rate and Panax notoginseng yield increase rate obtained from planting are significantly reduced as the mass ratio of wood ash, straw powder and bagasse decreases. When the mass ratio of wood ash, straw powder and bagasse is equal to 0.5-7.5:20-60:100 (as in Table 1, the mass ratio of wood ash, straw powder and bagasse = 0.5:20:100, 4:20:100, 7.5:20:100, 0.5:40:100, 4:40:100, 7.5:40:100, 0.5:60:100, 4:60:100, 7.5:60:100), water and ash powder precursor, potassium carbonate and other phosphorus-containing substances in the wood ash are mixed. Calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur and iron substances are dissolved in water. These substances can not only reduce the fractal dimension of straw powder and bagasse, make the structure looser, improve the enzymatic hydrolysis characteristics, and promote the release of soluble proteins, polysaccharides, pectin, water-soluble vitamins, minerals and other components, but also accelerate the dissociation and hydrolysis of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in straw powder and bagasse, and promote the dissociation and hydrolysis products to further form fulvic acid, humic acid and even humus through dehydration reaction, hydration reaction and polymerization reaction. Finally, the total saponin increase rate was higher than 58% and the Panax notoginseng yield increase rate was higher than 106%. When the mass ratio of wood ash, straw powder and bagasse is greater than 7.5:60:100 (as in Table 1, the mass ratio of wood ash, straw powder and bagasse = 7.5:65:100, 7.5:70:100, 7.5:75:100, 8:60:100, 8.5:60:100, 9:60:100 and higher ratios not listed in Table 1), wood ash and straw powder are added in excess, and the reactions of wood ash, straw powder and bagasse are unbalanced during the hydrothermal reaction, resulting in a decrease in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer, and the total saponin increase rate and Panax notoginseng yield increase rate obtained from planting are significantly reduced as the mass ratio of wood ash, straw powder and bagasse further increases.

[0036] Therefore, in general, considering the benefits and costs, when the mass ratio of wood ash, straw powder and bagasse is equal to 0.5-7.5:20-60:100, it is most conducive to improving the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer.

[0037] Example 2 Effect of the volume ratio of seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid on the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer

[0038] Juice the sugarcane to obtain bagasse and sugarcane juice. Mix wood ash, straw powder and bagasse in a mass ratio of 7.5:60:100, stir evenly to obtain an ash-powder-slag precursor. Mix water and the ash-powder-slag precursor in a liquid-solid ratio of 40:1 mL / g, stir evenly, carry out a hydrothermal reaction, separate the solid and the liquid, and the obtained liquid is a hydrothermal active liquid, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 240°C and the hydrothermal time is 4 hours. According to the volume ratio of 0.1:5:100, 0.15:5:100, 0.2:5:100, 0.25:2.5:100, 0.25:3:100, 0.25:4:100, 0.25:5:100, 1.5:5:100, 2.75:5:100, 0.25:15:100, 1.5:15:100, 2.75:15:100 0, 0.25:25:100, 1.5:25:100, 2.75:25:100, 2.75:27.5:100, 2.75:30:100, 2.75:32.5:100, 3:25:100, 3.25:25:100, 3.5:25:100 Mix the sea buckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid, stir well to obtain the foliar stock solution. Fermentation bacteria are added to the foliar stock solution and fermented for 15 days to obtain foliar fertilizer, wherein the fermentation temperature is 30°C, the fermentation bacteria are composite bacteria, including bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria, the bacillus is Bacillus licheniformis (strain number: CGMCC1.3448); the yeast is Candida albicans (strain number: CGMCC 22631); and the photosynthetic bacteria is photosynthetic bacteria: Rhodopseudomonas palustris (strain number: CGMCC 10802).

[0039] The comparative test of Panax notoginseng planting, calculation of Panax notoginseng yield increase rate, and calculation of total saponin improvement rate are all the same as those in the embodiment. The test results of this embodiment are shown in Table 2.

[0040] Table 2 Effect of volume ratio of seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid on the performance of prepared foliar fertilizer

[0041]

[0042] It can be seen from Table 2 that when the volume ratio of seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active solution is less than 0.25:5:100 (such as in Table 2, the volume ratio of seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active solution = 0.2:5:100, 0.15:5:100, 0.1:5:100, 0.25:4:100, 0.25:3:100, 0.25:2.5:100 and lower ratios not listed in Table 2), less seabuckthorn puree and sugarcane juice are added, and during the fermentation process, the seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active solution do not react sufficiently, resulting in a decrease in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer, and the total saponin improvement rate and Panax notoginseng yield increase rate obtained from planting are significantly reduced as the volume ratio of seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active solution decreases. When the volume ratio of seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid is equal to 0.25-2.75:5-25:100 (as in Table 2, the volume ratio of seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid = 0.25:5:100, 1.5:5:100, 2.75:5:100, 0.25:15:100, 1.5:15:100, 2.75:15:100, 0.25:25:100, 1.5:25:100, 2.75:25:100), seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid are mixed, and during the stirring process, the effective ingredients in the three slurries are fully mixed, accompanied by complex pre-reaction processes such as hydrolysis, neutralization, polymerization, and chelation. Fermentation bacteria are added to the foliar stock solution. During the fermentation process, Bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria work synergistically, and through bacterial enzyme co-promoting reactions and synergistic metabolism, protein structure changes, amino acid metabolism, polysaccharide conversion and water-soluble vitamins and minerals are bioavailable. Glucose and fructose in the mixed slurry are mainly converted into pyruvate through the glycolysis pathway during the fermentation process, and energy is generated. Proteins are first decomposed into amino acids during the fermentation process, and amino acids further serve as nitrogen sources for microbial growth and participate in the metabolic activities of microorganisms. Amino acid metabolism can be converted into various alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters and sulfur-containing compounds. Unsaturated fatty acids can be hydrolyzed to form aldehydes, alcohols, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids under the catalysis of lipase. The oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids to form hydroperoxides requires the catalysis of peroxide free radicals, saturated fatty acids undergo β-oxidation to form acetyl coenzyme A, and β-keto acid decarboxylation to form methyl ketones. Amino acid metabolism is converted into various active substances, and aldehyde compounds are further reduced to corresponding alcohol compounds under the action of various amino acid decarboxylases. At the same time, Bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria can further utilize the metabolites to generate a variety of mixed enzymes, thereby enhancing the activity of foliar fertilizer. Finally, the total saponin increase rate was higher than 68% and the Panax notoginseng yield increase rate was higher than 125%.When the volume ratio of seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid is greater than 2.75:25:100 (as in Table 2, the volume ratio of seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid = 2.75:27.5:100, 2.75:30:100, 2.75:32.5:100, 3:25:100, 3.25:25:100, 3.5:25:100 and higher ratios not listed in Table 2), seabuckthorn puree and sugarcane juice are added in excess, and during the fermentation process, the seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid react unbalancedly, resulting in a decrease in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer, and the total saponin increase rate and Panax notoginseng yield increase rate obtained from planting are significantly reduced as the volume ratio of seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid further increases.

[0043] Therefore, in summary, considering the benefits and costs, when the volume ratio of sea buckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid is equal to 0.25-2.75:5-25:100, it is most conducive to improving the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer.

[0044] Example 3 Effect of fermentation time on the performance of prepared foliar fertilizer

[0045] Juice the sugarcane to obtain bagasse and sugarcane juice. Mix wood ash, straw powder and bagasse in a mass ratio of 7.5:60:100, stir evenly to obtain an ash-powder-slag precursor. Mix water and the ash-powder-slag precursor in a liquid-solid ratio of 75:1 mL / g, stir evenly, perform a hydrothermal reaction, separate the solid and liquid, and the obtained liquid is a hydrothermal active liquid, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 360°C and the hydrothermal time is 7.5 hours. Mix sea buckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid in a volume ratio of 2.75:25:100, stir evenly, and obtain a foliar stock solution. Fermentation bacteria are added to the foliar stock solution, and the foliar fertilizer is obtained by fermenting for 2.5 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 15 days, 25 days, 27.5 days, 30 days and 32.5 days, wherein the fermentation temperature is 45°C, the fermentation bacteria are composite bacteria, including bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria, the bacillus is Bacillus megaterium (strain number: CGMCC 11668); the yeast is Candida dwarf (strain number: CGMCC 2.2341); and the photosynthetic bacteria is photosynthetic bacteria: Rhodopseudomonas faecalis (strain number: CGMCC 1.2176).

[0046] The comparative test of Panax notoginseng planting, calculation of Panax notoginseng yield increase rate, and calculation of total saponin improvement rate are all the same as those in the embodiment. The test results of this embodiment are shown in Table 3.

[0047] Table 3 Effect of fermentation time on the performance of prepared foliar fertilizer

[0048]

[0049] As can be seen from Table 3, when the fermentation time is less than 5 days (such as in Table 3, when the fermentation time = 4 days, 3 days, 2.5 days and lower values ​​not listed in Table 3), the fermentation time is short and the fermentation is insufficient, resulting in a decrease in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer, and the total saponin increase rate and the yield increase rate of Panax notoginseng obtained by planting are significantly reduced as the fermentation time decreases. When the fermentation time is equal to 5 to 25 days of fermentation (such as in Table 3, when the fermentation time = 5 days, 15 days, 25 days), during the fermentation process, Bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria work synergistically, through bacterial enzyme co-promoting reaction and synergistic metabolism, resulting in changes in protein structure, amino acid metabolism, polysaccharide conversion and bioavailability of water-soluble vitamins and minerals. Glucose and fructose in the mixed slurry are mainly converted into pyruvic acid through the glycolysis pathway during the fermentation process, and energy is generated. Proteins are first decomposed into amino acids during the fermentation process, and amino acids further serve as a nitrogen source for microbial growth and participate in the metabolic activities of microorganisms. Amino acid metabolism can be converted into various alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters and sulfur-containing compounds. Unsaturated fatty acids can be hydrolyzed to generate aldehydes, alcohols, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids under the catalysis of lipase. The oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids to generate hydroperoxides requires the catalysis of peroxide free radicals, saturated fatty acids are β-oxidized to generate acetyl coenzyme A, and β-keto acid decarboxylation generates methyl ketones. Amino acid metabolism is converted into various active substances, and aldehyde compounds are further reduced to corresponding alcohol compounds under the action of various amino acid decarboxylases. At the same time, bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria can further utilize the metabolites to further generate a variety of mixed enzymes, thereby strengthening the activity of foliar fertilizers. Finally, the total saponin increase rate is higher than 77% and the Panax notoginseng yield increase rate is higher than 141%. When the fermentation time is greater than 25 days (as in Table 3, fermentation time = 27.5 days, 30 days, 32.5 days and higher values ​​not listed in Table 3), the fermentation time is too long, resulting in the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer to decrease, and the total saponin increase rate and Panax notoginseng yield increase rate obtained by planting are significantly reduced as the fermentation time further increases.

[0050] Therefore, in summary, considering benefits and costs, when the fermentation time is equal to 5 to 25 days, it is most conducive to improving the performance of the prepared foliar fertilizer.

[0051] Example 4 Effect of yeast on the performance of prepared foliar fertilizer

[0052] Juice the sugarcane to obtain bagasse and sugarcane juice. Mix wood ash, straw powder and bagasse in a mass ratio of 7.5:60:100, stir evenly to obtain an ash-powder-slag precursor. Mix water and the ash-powder-slag precursor in a liquid-solid ratio of 75:1 mL / g, stir evenly, perform a hydrothermal reaction, separate the solid and liquid, and the obtained liquid is a hydrothermal active liquid, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 360°C and the hydrothermal time is 7.5 hours. Mix sea buckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid in a volume ratio of 2.75:25:100, stir evenly, and obtain a foliar stock solution. Fermentation bacteria are added to the foliar stock solution, and the foliar fertilizer is obtained by fermentation for 25 days, wherein the fermentation temperature is 45°C, the fermentation bacteria are composite bacteria, including bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria, the bacillus is halophilic bacillus (strain number: CGMCC1.15964); the yeast is any one of saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain number: CGMCC 2.1413), candida albicans (strain number: CGMCC22631), candida dwarf (strain number: CGMCC 2.2341), victoria vesnikola (strain number: CGMCC 2.5593), rouxii yeast (strain number: CGMCC 2.2926), or issaffron orientalis (strain number: CGMCC2.3915); and the photosynthetic bacteria is photosynthetic bacteria: red bacterium spherical (strain number: CGMCC 8513).

[0053] The comparative test of Panax notoginseng planting, calculation of Panax notoginseng yield increase rate, and calculation of total saponin improvement rate are all the same as those in the embodiment. The test results of this embodiment are shown in Table 4.

[0054] Table 4 Effect of yeast on the performance of prepared foliar fertilizer

[0055]

[0056] It can be seen from Table 4 that when the yeast is any one of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain number: CGMCC 2.1413), Candida prolificans strain number: CGMCC 22631), Candida dwarf (strain number: CGMCC 2.2341), Vichysaccharomyces victoriae (strain number: CGMCC 2.5593), Saccharomyces rouxii (strain number: CGMCC 2.2926), and Issatchengensis orientalis (strain number: CGMCC 2.3915), there is no significant difference in the total saponin increase rate and Panax notoginseng yield increase rate.

[0057] Example 5 Effect of photosynthetic bacteria on the performance of prepared foliar fertilizer

[0058] Juice the sugarcane to obtain bagasse and sugarcane juice. Mix wood ash, straw powder and bagasse in a mass ratio of 7.5:60:100, stir evenly to obtain an ash-powder-slag precursor. Mix water and the ash-powder-slag precursor in a liquid-solid ratio of 75:1 mL / g, stir evenly, perform a hydrothermal reaction, separate the solid and liquid, and the obtained liquid is a hydrothermal active liquid, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 360°C and the hydrothermal time is 7.5 hours. Mix sea buckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid in a volume ratio of 2.75:25:100, stir evenly, and obtain a foliar stock solution. Fermentation bacteria are added to the foliar stock solution, and the foliar fertilizer is obtained by fermentation for 25 days, wherein the fermentation temperature is 45°C, the fermentation bacteria are composite bacteria, including bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria, the bacillus is halophilic bacillus (strain number: CGMCC1.15964); the yeast is oriental yeast (strain number: CGMCC 2.3915); the photosynthetic bacteria are photosynthetic bacteria: any one of sulfur-loving red oomycete (strain number: CGMCC 1.12822), palustris red pseudomonas (strain number: CGMCC 10802), fecal red pseudomonas (strain number: CGMCC 1.2176), spherical red bacteria (strain number: CGMCC 8513), capsule red bacteria (strain number: CGMCC 1.3366), and acidophilic red pseudomonas (strain number: ATCC 250092).

[0059] The comparative test of Panax notoginseng planting, calculation of Panax notoginseng yield increase rate, and calculation of total saponin improvement rate are all the same as those in the embodiment. The test results of this embodiment are shown in Table 5.

[0060] Table 5 Effect of photosynthetic bacteria on the performance of prepared foliar fertilizer

[0061] Photosynthetic bacteria Total saponin enhancement rate Panax notoginseng yield increase rate Rhodomyces thiophilus 84.71％ 147.22％ Rhodopseudomonas palustris 85.02％ 148.57％ Rhodopseudomonas faecalis 83.28％ 152.02％ Rhodobacter sphaeroides 85.95％ 147.64％ Rhodobacter capsulatus 86.14％ 150.39％ Rhodopseudomonas acidophilus 82.05％ 151.36％

[0062] It can be seen from Table 5 that when any one of the following strains is used: Rhodobacter sulfidophilus (strain number: CGMCC 1.12822), Rhodopseudomonas palustris (strain number: CGMCC 10802), Rhodopseudomonas feces (strain number: CGMCC 1.2176), Rhodobacter sphaeroides (strain number: CGMCC 8513), Rhodopseudomonas capsularis (strain number: CGMCC 1.3366), and Rhodopseudomonas acidophilus (strain number: ATCC250092), there is no significant difference in the total saponin improvement rate and Panax notoginseng yield increase rate.

[0063] Comparative example of the effects of different processes on the performance of foliar fertilizers prepared

[0064] The process of the present invention is as follows: sugarcane is squeezed to obtain bagasse and sugarcane juice. Wood ash, straw powder and bagasse are mixed in a mass ratio of 7.5:60:100, and stirred evenly to obtain an ash-powder-slag precursor. Water and the ash-powder-slag precursor are mixed in a liquid-solid ratio of 75:1 mL / g, stirred evenly, and a hydrothermal reaction is carried out, and solid-liquid separation is performed to obtain a hydrothermal active liquid, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 360°C and the hydrothermal time is 7.5 hours. Sea buckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid are mixed in a volume ratio of 2.75:25:100, stirred evenly, and a foliar stock solution is obtained. Fermentation bacteria are added to the foliar stock solution and fermented for 25 days to obtain foliar fertilizer, wherein the fermentation temperature is 45°C, the fermentation bacteria are composite bacteria, including bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria, the bacillus is halophilic bacillus (strain number: CGMCC 1.15964); the yeast is oriental yeast (strain number: CGMCC 2.3915); and the photosynthetic bacteria is photosynthetic bacteria: sulfur-loving red oomycete (strain number: CGMCC 1.12822).

[0065] Comparative process 1: Juice the sugarcane to obtain bagasse and sugarcane juice. Mix wood ash, straw powder and bagasse in a mass ratio of 7.5:60:100, stir evenly, and obtain an ash-powder-slag precursor. Mix water and the ash-powder-slag precursor in a liquid-solid ratio of 75:1mL / g, stir evenly, perform a hydrothermal reaction, separate the solid and the liquid, and the obtained liquid is a hydrothermal active liquid, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 360°C and the hydrothermal time is 7.5 hours. Mix the sugarcane juice and the hydrothermal active liquid in a volume ratio of 25:100, stir evenly, and obtain a foliar stock solution. Fermentation bacteria are added to the foliar stock solution and fermented for 25 days to obtain foliar fertilizer, wherein the fermentation temperature is 45°C, the fermentation bacteria are composite bacteria, including bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria, the bacillus is halophilic bacillus (strain number: CGMCC1.15964); the yeast is oriental yeast (strain number: CGMCC 2.3915); and the photosynthetic bacteria is photosynthetic bacteria: sulfur-loving red oomycete (strain number: CGMCC 1.12822).

[0066] Comparative process 2: Juice the sugarcane to obtain bagasse and sugarcane juice. Mix wood ash, straw powder and bagasse in a mass ratio of 7.5:60:100, stir evenly, and obtain an ash-powder-slag precursor. Mix water and the ash-powder-slag precursor in a liquid-solid ratio of 75:1mL / g, stir for 7.5 hours, separate the solid and liquid, and the obtained liquid is a water-active liquid. Mix sea buckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and water-active liquid in a volume ratio of 2.75:25:100, stir evenly, and obtain a foliar stock solution. Fermentation bacteria are added to the foliar stock solution and fermented for 25 days to obtain foliar fertilizer, wherein the fermentation temperature is 45°C, the fermentation bacteria are composite bacteria, including bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria, the bacillus is halophilic bacillus (strain number: CGMCC 1.15964); the yeast is oriental yeast (strain number: CGMCC 2.3915); and the photosynthetic bacteria is photosynthetic bacteria: sulfur-loving red oomycete (strain number: CGMCC 1.12822).

[0067] Comparative process 3: Juice the sugarcane to obtain bagasse and sugarcane juice. Mix wood ash, straw powder and bagasse in a mass ratio of 7.5:60:100, stir evenly to obtain an ash powder residue precursor. Mix water and the ash powder residue precursor in a liquid-solid ratio of 75:1mL / g, stir evenly, carry out hydrothermal reaction, separate the solid and liquid, and the obtained liquid is a hydrothermal active liquid, wherein the hydrothermal temperature is 360°C and the hydrothermal time is 7.5 hours. Mix sea buckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid in a volume ratio of 2.75:25:100, stir evenly, and obtain a foliar stock solution. Fermentation bacteria were added to the foliar stock solution and fermented for 25 days to obtain foliar fertilizer, wherein the fermentation temperature was 45°C, the fermentation bacteria were composite bacteria including bacillus and yeast, the bacillus was halophilic bacillus (strain number: CGMCC 1.15964), and the yeast was oriental Issatchenkosaccharomyces (strain number: CGMCC 2.3915).

[0068] The comparative test of Panax notoginseng planting, calculation of Panax notoginseng yield increase rate, and calculation of total saponin improvement rate are all the same as those in the embodiment. The test results of this embodiment are shown in Table 6.

[0069] Table 6 Effects of different processes on the performance of prepared foliar fertilizers

[0070] Different processes Total saponin enhancement rate Panax notoginseng yield increase rate Process of the present invention 84.71％ 147.22％ Comparison process 1 23.56％ 34.67％ Comparison process 2 31.27％ 56.18％ Comparison process 3 26.92％ 40.35％

[0071] It can be seen from Table 6 that the total saponin improvement rate and Panax notoginseng yield increase rate achieved by the foliar fertilizer prepared by the process of the present invention are significantly higher than those of comparison process 1, comparison process 2, and comparison process 3, and higher than the sum of the three.

Claims

1. A method for preparing foliar fertilizer using sugarcane, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) mixing wood ash, straw powder and bagasse, and stirring evenly to obtain an ash powder and residue precursor; (2) mixing water and the ash powder slag precursor described in step (1), stirring evenly, performing a hydrothermal reaction, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a liquid as a hydrothermal active liquid; (3) Mix seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and the hydrothermal active liquid in step (2), stir evenly, add fermentation bacteria for fermentation, and obtain foliar fertilizer; the fermentation bacteria include bacillus, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the wood ash, straw powder and bagasse in step (1) is 0.5-7.5:20-60:

100.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid-to-solid ratio of water to the ash slag precursor in step (2) is 5 to 75:1 mL / g.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the hydrothermal reaction in step (2) is 120 to 360° C., and the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 0.5 to 7.5 hours.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume ratio of seabuckthorn puree, sugarcane juice and hydrothermal active liquid in step (3) is 0.25-2.75:5-25:

100.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Bacillus in step (3) includes one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium or Bacillus halophilus.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The yeast in step (3) includes one or more of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida aurea, Candida parvum, Vishnus victoriae, Saccharomyces rouxii or Issatchenker orientalis.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photosynthetic bacteria in step (3) are one or more of Rhodobacterium thiophilum, Rhodobacter palustris, Rhodobacter feces, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter capsules or Rhodobacter acidophilus.

9. A foliar fertilizer prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the foliar fertilizer according to claim 9 in improving plant yield.

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