Small inner hole laser cladding head

Abstract

The invention discloses a small inner hole laser cladding head which comprises a laser cladding head body, the laser cladding head body comprises a QBH connecting base, an optical lens set mounting base, a protective lens mounting base and a light passing pipe, the QBH connecting base, the optical lens set mounting base, the protective lens mounting base and the light passing pipe are connected in sequence, a reflection copper mirror is arranged at the end of the light passing pipe, and the QBH connecting base is connected with the optical lens set mounting base. A first powder path and a first water path are arranged on the side wall of the light transmission pipe, the cross section of the first water path is of a circular notch structure, and the cladding head can stretch into the small inner hole to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of laser welding equipment and relates to a small inner hole laser cladding head. Background Art

[0002] Laser cladding technology is a process that adds cladding material to the surface of the substrate, melts it together with the substrate surface through a high-energy laser beam, and then quickly solidifies it to form a coating with special properties on the substrate surface.

[0003] However, when laser cladding is performed on parts with small inner holes, existing laser cladding heads have some problems. For example, the size of the conventional laser cladding head is large and it is difficult to insert it into the small inner hole for operation.

[0004] The existing internal hole laser cladding heads on the market are mainly large-aperture φ40-200mm, which can meet most cladding needs. However, for some small spaces (gap height 30mm) and small internal holes (aperture ≤40mm), there is no corresponding laser cladding head that can meet the cladding needs, which limits the development of the cladding industry.

[0005] The outer diameter of the light pipe structure for the laser cladding head to enter the small hole is small, and it is difficult to design and process it in the traditional way. The powder path trajectory curve cannot be processed. The water path adopts the traditional processing method, and the water flow is insufficient, so it is difficult to achieve. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and provide a small inner hole laser cladding head, which can be inserted into the small inner hole for operation.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention discloses a small inner hole laser cladding head, comprising a laser cladding head body, the laser cladding head body comprising a QBH connecting seat, an optical lens group mounting seat, a protective lens mounting seat and a light pipe, wherein the QBH connecting seat, the optical lens group mounting seat, the protective lens mounting seat and the light pipe are connected in sequence, a reflective copper mirror is arranged at the end of the light pipe, a first powder path and a first water path are arranged on the side wall of the light pipe, and the cross section of the first water path is a circular notch structure.

[0008] The further improvement of the small inner hole laser cladding head of the present invention is:

[0009] Furthermore, the QBH connection seat is connected to a QBH optical fiber head via a QBH connector.

[0010] Furthermore, a focusing lens and a collimating lens are arranged in the optical lens assembly mounting seat, and a focusing mechanism for adjusting the focusing lens and a centering mechanism for adjusting the collimating lens are installed on the optical lens assembly mounting seat.

[0011] Furthermore, a lower protective mirror seat is provided at the bottom of the protective mirror mounting seat, a flood seal is provided inside the protective mirror mounting seat, and the light emitted by the QBH optical fiber head is incident on the reflective copper mirror through the focusing lens and the collimating lens.

[0012] Furthermore, a powder separation mechanism is provided on the optical lens assembly mounting seat, and a powder delivery joint and a water channel joint are provided on the protective lens mounting seat, the first powder channel is connected to the powder delivery joint, the first water channel is connected to the water channel joint, the powder separation mechanism is connected to the powder delivery joint via a dual-channel powder delivery pipeline, and the total water inlet joint is connected to the water channel joint via a dual-channel cooling water channel.

[0013] Furthermore, a QBH water channel connector is provided on the QBH connecting seat, a second water channel is provided in the QBH connecting seat, the second water channel is connected to the QBH water channel connector, and the main water inlet connector is connected to the QBH water channel connector.

[0014] Furthermore, a main water outlet joint is provided on the optical lens assembly mounting seat, and the main water outlet joint is connected to the QBH water channel joint and the dual-channel cooling water channel.

[0015] Furthermore, there are two first powder paths, which are arranged in a curve and formed by 3D printing and then processed by abrasive flow. The trajectories of the two first powder paths at the front end are in a conical cross structure.

[0016] Furthermore, during operation, the laser passes through the focusing lens, collimating lens and light pipe, and is focused and shaped by the reflective copper mirror to form a desired designed light spot.

[0017] Furthermore, the powder feeding connector is fixed to the protective mirror mounting seat by means of fixing screws.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] During specific operation of the small inner hole laser cladding head described in the present invention, a reflective copper mirror is provided at the end of the light tube, a first powder path and a first water path are provided on the side wall of the light tube, and the cross section of the first water path is a circular notch structure. When in use, the light tube is directly inserted into the small inner hole for operation, and the structure is simple, convenient and extremely practical.

[0020] Furthermore, the present invention adopts an integrated structure, a centering mechanism + a focusing mechanism + a lens optical lens group + a reflective copper mirror + a cladding head body + a 3D printed light tube integrated design to achieve laser cladding processing of small gaps and small inner holes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a front structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure integration of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the powder path structure of the light pipe in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the waterway structure of the light pipe in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the powder delivery port structure of the light pipe in the present invention.

[0030] Among them, 1 is a QBH optical fiber head, 2 is a QBH connector, 3 is a QBH connecting seat, 4 is a centering mechanism, 5 is a focusing mechanism, 6 is a lower protective mirror seat, 7 is a powder feeding joint, 8 is a powder separation mechanism, 9 is a mounting back plate, 10 is an optical lens assembly mounting seat, 11 is a protective mirror mounting seat, 12 is a fixing screw, 13 is a light pipe, 14 is a reflecting copper mirror, 15 is a water channel joint, 16 is a central protective gas joint, 17 is a pan seal, 18 is a total water inlet joint, 19 is a QBH water channel joint, 20 is a total water outlet joint, 21 is a focusing lens, and 22 is a collimating lens. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms “include” and “comprises” indicate the presence of described features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0033] It should also be understood that the terms used in the present specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in the present specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0034] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes these combinations. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in the present invention generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0035] It should be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe preset ranges, etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, these preset ranges should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish preset ranges from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention, the first preset range may also be referred to as the second preset range, and similarly, the second preset range may also be referred to as the first preset range.

[0036] The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting", depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases "if it is determined" or "if (stated condition or event) is detected" may be interpreted as "when it is determined" or "in response to determining" or "when detecting (stated condition or event)" or "in response to detecting (stated condition or event)", depending on the context.

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can usually be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Various structural schematic diagrams of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. These figures are not drawn to scale, and some details are magnified and some details may be omitted for the purpose of clear expression. The shapes of various regions and layers shown in the figures and the relative sizes and positional relationships therebetween are only exemplary, and may deviate in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and those skilled in the art may additionally design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions according to actual needs.

[0039] As is known, the laser cladding head is mainly used in laser equipment and additive manufacturing equipment, and is a key component of laser cladding technology. The following is a detailed introduction to the laser cladding head: The laser cladding head is mainly composed of a link component, an optical component, and a powder feeding component. The laser equipment is connected to the powder feeder through the laser cladding head, and the coating is quickly scanned by a high-energy laser beam. The preset powder melts and solidifies in an instant, and the base metal melts into a thin layer. The interface between the two quickly produces molecular or atomic-level cross-diffusion in a very narrow area, and at the same time forms a strong metallurgical bonding layer, thereby significantly improving the various properties of the base, such as hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. According to the type of laser cladding material and the coupling form between the material and the laser beam, common laser cladding heads can be divided into the following categories: Coaxial powder feeding laser cladding head: using coaxial powder feeding, the powder and laser beam are coaxially output, suitable for cladding of a variety of materials. Paraxial powder feeding laser cladding head (also called lateral powder feeding laser cladding head): adopts the paraxial powder feeding method, and the powder is fed into the laser beam from the side, which is suitable for cladding needs in specific application scenarios. High-speed laser cladding head (also called ultra-high-speed laser cladding head): adopts high-speed laser cladding technology, with higher cladding speed and better cladding quality, suitable for high-efficiency and high-quality cladding needs.

[0040] Embodiment 1

[0041] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The small inner hole laser cladding head of the present invention comprises a laser cladding head body, which comprises a QBH connection seat 3, an optical lens assembly mounting seat 10, a protective lens mounting seat 11 and a light pipe 13, wherein the QBH connection seat 3, the optical lens assembly mounting seat 10, the protective lens mounting seat 11 and the light pipe 13 are connected in sequence, a reflective copper mirror 14 is arranged at the end of the light pipe 13, and a first powder path and a first water path are arranged on the side wall of the light pipe 13, and the cross section of the first water path is a circular notch structure. There are two first powder paths, which are arranged in a curve, formed by 3D printing, and then processed by abrasive flow, and the trajectories of the two first powder paths at the front end are in a conical cross structure.

[0042] Embodiment 2

[0043] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The small inner hole laser cladding head of the present invention comprises a laser cladding head body, which comprises a QBH connecting seat 3, an optical lens assembly mounting seat 10, a protective lens mounting seat 11 and a light pipe 13, wherein the QBH connecting seat 3, the optical lens assembly mounting seat 10, the protective lens mounting seat 11 and the light pipe 13 are connected in sequence, a reflective copper mirror 14 is arranged at the end of the light pipe 13, a first powder path and a first water path are arranged on the side wall of the light pipe 13, and the cross section of the first water path is a circular notch structure; the QBH connecting seat 3 is connected to a QBH optical fiber head 1 through a QBH connector 2; a focusing lens 21 and a collimating lens 22 are arranged in the optical lens assembly mounting seat 10, and a focusing mechanism 5 for adjusting the focusing lens 21 and a centering mechanism 4 for adjusting the collimating lens 22 are installed on the optical lens assembly mounting seat 10; a lower protective lens seat 6 is arranged at the bottom of the protective lens mounting seat 11, and a pan seal 17 is arranged in the protective lens mounting seat 11.

[0044] During operation, the collimating lens 22 is adjusted by the centering mechanism 4 , and the focusing lens 21 is adjusted by the focusing mechanism 5 , so that the light emitted by the QBH optical fiber head 1 is incident on the reflecting copper mirror 14 through the focusing lens 21 and the collimating lens 22 .

[0045] Embodiment 3

[0046] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8The small inner hole laser cladding head of the present invention comprises a laser cladding head body, and the laser cladding head body comprises a QBH connecting seat 3, an optical lens assembly mounting seat 10, a protective lens mounting seat 11 and a light pipe 13, wherein the QBH connecting seat 3, the optical lens assembly mounting seat 10, the protective lens mounting seat 11 and the light pipe 13 are connected in sequence, and a reflecting copper mirror 14 is arranged at the end of the light pipe 13, and a first powder path and a first water path are arranged on the side wall of the light pipe 13, and the cross section of the first water path is a circular notch structure, and a powder separation mechanism 8 is arranged on the optical lens assembly mounting seat 10, and a powder feeding joint 7 and a water path joint 15 are arranged on the protective lens mounting seat 11, and the first A powder circuit is connected to the powder feeding joint 7, the first water circuit is connected to the water circuit joint 15, the powder separation mechanism 8 is connected to the powder feeding joint 7 via a dual-channel powder feeding pipeline, and the total water inlet joint 18 is connected to the water circuit joint 15 via a dual-channel cooling water circuit; a QBH water circuit joint 19 is provided on the QBH connecting seat 3, a second water circuit is provided in the QBH connecting seat 3, the second water circuit is connected to the QBH water circuit joint 19, and the total water inlet joint 18 is connected to the QBH water circuit joint 19; a total water outlet joint 20 is provided on the optical lens assembly mounting seat 10, and the total water outlet joint 20 is connected to the QBH water circuit joint 19 and the dual-channel cooling water circuit.

[0047] During operation, the powder output by the powder distributing mechanism 8 is sprayed out through the dual-channel powder delivery pipeline, the powder delivery joint 7 and the first powder channel to form powder spots. The cooling water output by the total water inlet joint 18 is divided into two channels, one of which passes through the dual-channel cooling water channel, the water channel joint 15 and the first water channel, and is finally discharged through the total water outlet joint 20, and the other passes through the QBH water channel joint 19 and the second water channel, and is finally discharged through the total water outlet joint 20.

[0048] Embodiment 4

[0049] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The small inner hole laser cladding head of the present invention comprises a laser cladding head body, which comprises a QBH connecting seat 3, an optical lens assembly mounting seat 10, a protective lens mounting seat 11 and a light pipe 13, wherein the QBH connecting seat 3, the optical lens assembly mounting seat 10, the protective lens mounting seat 11 and the light pipe 13 are connected in sequence, the QBH connecting seat 3 is connected to a QBH optical fiber head 1 via a QBH connector 2, a mounting seat is mounted on the back of the optical lens assembly mounting seat 10, and a mounting back plate 9, a water channel joint 15 and a central protective gas joint 16 are arranged on the mounting seat, and a central light hole, a double-channel cooling water channel and a double-channel powder feeding pipeline are arranged in the laser cladding head body.

[0050] A focusing lens 21 and a collimating lens 22 are arranged in the optical lens assembly mounting seat 10, a focusing mechanism 5 for adjusting the focusing lens 21 and a centering mechanism 4 for adjusting the collimating lens 22 are installed on the optical lens assembly mounting seat 10, a lower protective lens seat 6 is arranged at the bottom of the protective lens mounting seat 11, a flood seal 17 is arranged in the protective lens mounting seat 11, a reflecting copper mirror 14 is arranged at the end of the light pipe 13, and the light emitted by the QBH optical fiber head 1 is incident on the reflecting copper mirror 14 through the focusing lens 21 and the collimating lens 22.

[0051] The optical lens assembly mounting seat 10 is provided with a powder separation mechanism 8, the protective lens mounting seat 11 is provided with a powder delivery connector 7 and a water channel connector 15, the QBH connecting seat 3 is provided with a QBH water channel connector 19, and the optical lens assembly mounting seat 10 is provided with a total water outlet connector 20.

[0052] The powder feeding connector 7 is fixed to the protective mirror mounting seat 11 by means of fixing screws 12 .

[0053] A first powder circuit and a first water circuit are provided on the side wall of the light-passing tube 13, wherein the first powder circuit is connected to the powder delivery joint 7, the first water circuit is connected to the water circuit joint 15, the powder separation mechanism 8 is connected to the powder delivery joint 7 via a dual-channel powder delivery pipeline, the total water inlet joint 18 is connected to the water circuit joint 15 via a dual-channel cooling water circuit, a second water circuit is provided in the QBH connecting seat 3, a QBH water circuit joint 19 is provided on the QBH connecting seat 3, the second water circuit is connected to the QBH water circuit joint 19, the total water inlet joint 18 is connected to the QBH water circuit joint, and a total water outlet joint 20 is provided on the mounting back plate 9, the total water outlet joint 20 is connected to the QBH water circuit joint 19 and the dual-channel cooling water circuit.

[0054] In this embodiment, the cross section of the first water channel is a circular notch structure, which ensures the cooling flow of the water channel while ensuring the minimum design of the overall dimensions of the entire light pipe 13.

[0055] In this embodiment, there are two first powder paths, which are arranged in a curve and formed by 3D printing, and then processed by abrasive flow. The two first powder paths intersect in a cone at the front end trajectory to ensure powder delivery convergence.

[0056] In this embodiment, during operation, the laser passes through the focusing lens 21 and the collimating lens 22 and then passes through the light pipe 13 , and then is focused and shaped by the reflecting copper mirror 14 to form a desired designed light spot.

[0057] The specific working process of the present invention is:

[0058] Before use, check the cleanliness of the optical lens, the sealing of the cooling water channel, and the aggregation of the powder delivery to ensure that the optical lens is free of any dirt or dust, the cooling water channel is not leaking, and the powder delivery effect is good.

[0059] During laser cladding, the QBH fiber head 1 is connected and locked through the QBH connector 2 to check that the structure is not loose; turn on the power and light to check that the optical shaping effect and the spot size meet the design size.

[0060] Conduct a powder discharge test, connect the powder feeder to the powder distribution mechanism 8, start feeding powder, and observe the focusing effect of the powder discharged from the front nozzle powder feeding port, as well as the convergence of the light spot; adjust the centering mechanism 4 and the focusing mechanism 5 to adjust the light spot size and the powder convergence position to ensure the focal position.

[0061] After the above confirmation is completed, the cladding process can be carried out after water is passed through the cooling water channel in the laser cladding head to check the sealing and cooling effect.

[0062] It should be noted that the present invention has the following characteristics:

[0063] The present invention adopts an integrated structure, with a centering mechanism 4+focusing mechanism 5+lens optical lens group+reflective copper mirror 14+cladding head body+3D printed light pipe 13 integrated design to achieve laser cladding processing of small gaps and small inner holes.

[0064] The front end of the present invention needs to be inserted into a small gap and a small inner hole for processing. The traditional structural design cannot meet the simultaneous arrangement of the water and powder circuits of long-distance machined parts. The processing is difficult and easy to break the wall. In addition, the water circuit diameter can only be processed into a circular hole by the traditional method, and the flow rate cannot meet the water circuit cooling requirements. The new design structure adopts mature 3D printing technology to integrate the water circuit, powder circuit and central optical path. The water circuit can be designed into an anisotropic tube to increase the water flow area and flow rate; the powder circuit trajectory can be designed into a curved shape, which solves the problem that traditional machining cannot be processed.

[0065] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and disclosure of the invention. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the present invention that follow the general principles of the present invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art that are not disclosed by the present invention. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present invention are indicated by the following claims.

[0066] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exact construction that has been described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

[0067] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent structural change made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small inner hole laser cladding head, characterized in that: The laser cladding head comprises a laser cladding head body, wherein the laser cladding head body comprises a QBH connecting seat (3), an optical lens assembly mounting seat (10), a protective lens mounting seat (11) and a light pipe (13), wherein the QBH connecting seat (3), the optical lens assembly mounting seat (10), the protective lens mounting seat (11) and the light pipe (13) are connected in sequence, a reflective copper mirror (14) is arranged at the end of the light pipe (13), a first powder channel and a first water channel are arranged on the side wall of the light pipe (13), and the cross section of the first water channel is a circular notch structure.

2. The small inner hole laser cladding head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The QBH connection seat (3) is connected to a QBH optical fiber head (1) via a QBH connector (2).

3. The small inner hole laser cladding head according to claim 2, characterized in that: A focusing lens (21) and a collimating lens (22) are arranged in the optical lens assembly mounting seat (10), and a focusing mechanism (5) for adjusting the focusing lens (21) and a centering mechanism (4) for adjusting the collimating lens (22) are installed on the optical lens assembly mounting seat (10).

4. The small inner hole laser cladding head according to claim 3, characterized in that: A lower protective mirror seat (6) is arranged at the bottom of the protective mirror mounting seat (11), a flood seal (17) is arranged inside the protective mirror mounting seat (11), and light emitted by the QBH optical fiber head (1) is incident on the reflective copper mirror (14) via a focusing lens (21) and a collimating lens (22).

5. The small inner hole laser cladding head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical lens assembly mounting seat (10) is provided with a powder distribution mechanism (8), the protective lens mounting seat (11) is provided with a powder delivery joint (7) and a water channel joint (15), the first powder channel is connected to the powder delivery joint (7), the first water channel is connected to the water channel joint (15), the powder distribution mechanism (8) is connected to the powder delivery joint (7) via a dual-channel powder delivery pipeline, and the main water inlet joint (18) is connected to the water channel joint (15) via a dual-channel cooling water channel.

6. The small inner hole laser cladding head according to claim 5, characterized in that: The QBH connection seat (3) is provided with a QBH water channel joint (19), a second water channel is provided in the QBH connection seat (3), the second water channel is connected to the QBH water channel joint (19), and the main water inlet joint (18) is connected to the QBH water channel joint (19).

7. The small inner hole laser cladding head according to claim 6, characterized in that: The optical lens assembly mounting seat (10) is provided with a total water outlet joint (20), and the total water outlet joint (20) is connected to the QBH water channel joint (19) and the dual-channel cooling water channel.

8. The small inner hole laser cladding head according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two first powder paths, which are arranged in a curve and formed by 3D printing and then processed by abrasive flow. The trajectories of the two first powder paths at the front end are in a conical cross structure.

9. The small inner hole laser cladding head according to claim 4, characterized in that: During operation, the laser passes through the focusing lens (21), the collimating lens (22) and the light pipe (13), and then is focused and shaped by the reflecting copper mirror (14) to form a desired designed light spot.

10. The small inner hole laser cladding head according to claim 5, characterized in that: The powder delivery connector (7) is fixed to the protective mirror mounting seat (11) by means of a fixing screw (12).

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